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Power to Gas in France “From perspectives to a demonstration project” Laurent BEDEL (CEA) Sylvain LEMELLETIER (GRTgaz)

The gas grid driving the energy transition

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The gas grid driving the energy transition

- Short introduction to GRTgaz & CEA

- Energy context in France

- Scenario of the energy transition in France

- Towards a future development of Power to Gas

- A Demonstration plant

- Objectives, Partnership, Main key components

- An European challenge - A collaboration topic

OUTLINE

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Entry Exit points Turn Over 2,0 billion’€ 3.000 employees In charge of Natural Gas Transport in France Regulated by CRE

The longest transport network in Europe More than 32 000 km in France Pipes diameter from 80 to 1200 mm 4 400 delivery points 27 compressors stations (600 MW) 583 TWh of gas transported in 2014 129 shippers sell gas to 802 industrial customers directly connected to the transport grid 13 electricity production plants from gas 17 local gas distributors

Introduction to GRT Gaz

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Introduction to CEA

Research & Technology

Technological Research Division French economic competitiveness

Fundamental Research

Material Science Division / Life Science Division

TECH

NO

LOG

Y SC

IENC

E

Nuclear Energy

Nuclear Energy Division French energetic independance

Defence Security

Defence Applications Division French strategic independance

FROM ATOMIC RESEARCH TO RENEWABLE ENERGY: TECHNOLOGICAL STRENGTH-IN-DEPTH

4 500 employees

550 M€ annual budget

500 patents / year

50 start-ups

16 000 employees 10 Research centers 4B€ annual budget

580 priority patents filed / P.A. 120 new high-tech companies created since 1984

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Introduction to CEA-Liten

RENEWABLE & LOW CARBON ENERGY

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

EFFICIENCY OF

MATERIALS

Contribute to energy independency

Support industry through key enabling technologies integrated in systems

Contribute to national and European climate Plans

OUR MANDATE: MIXING INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVENESS WITH ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY

Energy storage Buildings Transport &

electromobility Smart grids

3 KEY DRIVERS

Photovoltaics Solar thermal Biomass Hydrogen

Efficient materials Recycling Low energy processes

1 400 MEMBERS OF STAFF • 30% of staff/industrial backgrounds

1 048 PATENTS • 235 patent applications 2013

> 350 INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIPS BUDGET 170 M€ RESEARCH CONTRACTS

• 40% Blue chip • 60% SME

12 PLATFORMS

SOEC HEX Methanation reactors Techno-eco & env. assessments

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Energy context in France

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Current situation in France Electricity production

Nuclear 61 130 MW

Fossil power plant

27 808 MW

Wind turbine

7 449 MW Photovoltaic 3 515 MW

Hydraulic 25 388 MW

Other RE sources

1 390 MW

Nuclear 74,8%

Fossil power plant 8,8 %

Wind turbine

2,8%

Photovoltaic 0,7%

Hydraulic 11,8%

Other RE sources

1,1 %

Reference : (©Connaissancedesenergies.org )

Only 135 kg CO2/MWh against 346kg at EU level1

1 : EDF source

Electric production in 2012 541 TWh

Installed power in 2012 128,5 GW

29% of RE energy (Installed Power)

16,5% of RE energy (production)

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Some key numbers of storage capacity

Storage capacity (TWh)

Daily storage capacity (TWh)

Oil products Electricity Gas

Annual consumption (TWh)

490

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Scenario of the energy transition in France

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Dvt of intermittent RE

Perspectives (up to 2050) Median ADEME scenario

Renewables Oil Natural gas Nuclear Coal

MTEP Primary energy

In 2050 (MEDIAN Scenario)

Electricity Nuclear : 25% of electricity production Intermittent renewable energies 45%

31% Int. RE

49% Int. RE

ADEME scenario 50% nuclear

ADEME scenario 18% nuclear

MTEP

MTEP

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2 main issues ⇒ Mismatch between production and consumption => Surplus of production

⇒ But at anytime

⇒ Congestion

Example : typical energy consumption in France No RE 20% of RE 60% of RE

On a representative week (France)

Solar energy

Wind energy

(up to several hundreads of km)

Above a thresold of intermittent renewable energies

⇒ Need of high storage capacity ⇒ Need of transport infrastruture

Issues of intermittent RE

Congestion issue Energy transport cost

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Gas transport is cheaper for energy transportation Approximately 20 times !!

2,3M€/km 2,17M€/km

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Power to Gas with injection into the gas grid is the best (& only) solution for high capacity of storage (>1 day)

Storage issue Energy storage capacity

Study ordered by Made in Made by

Potential market of Power to

2030 2050

GRTgaz 2013 Not evaluated ≅ 25 TW

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Potential market of Power to Gas in France (2 studies)

ADEME, GRTgaz,

GrDF 2014

Between 2,6 and 3 TWh

Depends of scenarios

Between and 73 T

Depends scenari

http://www.grtgaz.com/fileadmin/engagements/documents/fr/Power-to-Gas-etude-ADEME-GRTgaz-GrDF-complete.pdf

http://www.grtgaz.com/fileadmin/transition_energetique/documents/hydrogene_et_reseau_e-cube_GRTgaz.pdf

Annual consumption : 409TWh Suplus :15 TWh Shortfalls : 24,4 TWh

Potential market of Power to Gas (2030)

Power to Gas : between 2,6 and 3 TWh

Weekly production surplus and shortfalls for 2030 (ADEME - Median) 31 % of intermittent Renewable energies

Weekly production surplus and shortfalls for 2050 (ADEME - Median) 45 % of intermittent Renewable energies

Annual consumption : 414TWh Surplus : 44,5 TWh (40-91) Shortfalls : 23,8 TWh

Potential market of Power to Gas (2050)

Power to Gas : between 20 and 73 TWh (3 scenarios)

Potential market of Power to Gas

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Electricity surpluses could reach ~ up to 91 TWh/year by 2050 in France (based on ADEME Vision 2050)

equivalent of 15-20% of French current electricity production.

Frequent surpluses over consecutive days (~ 36 TWh > 2 consecutive days)

The impact of intermittent energy production is expected to be strong in France by 2050

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Techno-economic of Power to gas

CapEx & OpEx have to be reduced => need to develop efficient technologies => Need to assess performances on a demonstration project

Same price of renewable and fossil methane if carbon tax at 220-300€/t

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Towards a future development of Power to Gas

Power to gas => H2 injection

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Electrolyser Injection in the gas grid

Power

H2O

H2

O2

H2

Energy yield : from 70 to 80%

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Electrolyser Méthanation Injection in the gas grid

H2O

H2 CH4

O2 H2O

CH4

CO2

Power

Power to gas => SNG injection

CH4 Energy density (vol) 3 times higher (36.1 MJ/Nm3) than H2 (10.8 MJ/Nm3) Energy yield : from 50 to 60%

Power to Gas roadmap in France

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Or 100 plants of 100 MW

…. Or a mix …

2017 2030 2050

25 TWh Elec

conversion

And all can be achieved with

existing pipes !

1000 Power to Gas plants 100

Power to Gas plants

1 demonstrator plant

Hypotheses : 10 MW installations

running 2500 h / year

2,5 TWh Elec

conversion

Pessimistic or realistic scenario

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• Give a value to the electrical surpluses due to renewable production devices • Help Power grid reliability and congestion management

As a support of the electrical network

• H2 or synthetic methane • CO2 capture and valorisation for the synthetic methane production

To contribute to decarbonize gas networks with renewable gas injection

• Local gas production • Employment

To increase energy independancy for the country

GRTgaz wants to be positionned as an actor in the Energy Transition

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To validate studies => Demonstration plant

=> Build a first pilot plant to test the hydrogen and Synthetic Methane injection into the national gas grid

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The ambition Prepare the Power-to-Gas industry by implementing and demonstrating at the industrial scale an Hydrogen and

SNG production plant with: - 2 Electrolysers : a PEM and an alkaline; - a CO2 capture unit - a methanation unit.

Demonstration project

Size of the demonstration : 1MWel plant Methanation ≡ 0,5 MWel

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Electrolyser 0,5 MW PEM Methanation

Injection in the National gas

grid

Electricity

H2 CH4

CH4 CO2 or H2 +CH4

H2

CO2 Capture Electrolyser

0,5 MW Alkaline

An integrated project on the complete hydrogen value chain

Demonstration project

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Coordinator :

Partners :

Partnership

Strong involvment of industrials + 1 RTO

Objectives of the demonstration

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The best mean to convince is to go from concept to a real unit

• To validate the available services for the electrical grid (modulation ...)

• To validate technologies

To validate the process as an efficient storage device

• To build easy conditions for an industry able to export its technologies

Help to launch the Power-To-Gas industry in France

• To treat hard topics , one by one, up to reach cost effectiveness

To build a Business Model

Main Key Components

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4 main key components CO2 Capture (Amines) Electrolyzers (0,5 MW PEM, O,5 MW Alkaline) Methanation (0,5MW) Gas upgrading and injection

CO2 Source (quality, PCO2)

Electrolysis

Methanation

Gas upgrading (natural gas

specification)

Electrical power source

Natural

gas network

CO2 Capture

Oxygen usage

Gas compressors

Gas buffers (CO2, H2) AC /DC Conversion

Control/command

Water source (liquid, T)

Methanation reactor CEA-ATMOSTAT Technology

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Based of Exchanger-reactor technology developed by CEA & ATMOSTAT Structured reactor : reactive channels ~cm Cross flow cooling channels ~mm Catalyst powder Compactness Easier maintenance Flexibility Modular concept (easy scale up by numbering up)

Common lab CEA – ATMOSTAT

One methanation module

Flexibility

2,5 bar et cooling fluid at 290°C (Conversion rate at the equilibrium 96,9%).

Location of the demonstration project

Planned at Fos sur Mer Harbour nearby Marseille

Start of the project In fall 2015

Injection into the gas grid 2017-2018

To conclude, the Gas infrastructure is an essential component of a global sustainable energy system

Conclusion

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An European challenge A collaboration topic

To implement these solutions GRTgaz is working with European

transmission companies

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A shared conviction Gas power systems: guarantee supplies at prices that all consumers

(individuals, local authorities, manufacturers) can afford, help the development of renewable energies and the low-carbon

economy.

A shared vision The capacities of existing gas networks, together with the way in which gas and renewable energies complement each other, will help reduce CO2 emissions by 75% by 2050 compared with 2010 levels (Factor 4).

Areas of cooperation Injection of renewable gas and development of green certificates. P2G technology, e-gas. NGV and LNG fuel for road and maritime transport

Questions ?

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Thank you for your attention Gracias por su atención

Merci pour votre attention

laurent.bedel@cea.fr sylvain.lemelletier@grtgaz.com