Pre-University Engineering Education in the IEEE

August 2007Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Moshe Kam, Douglas Gorham Educational Activities

A Few Words about IEEE

IEEE is the largest professional engineering association in the world

367,000 members in 150 countries A 501(c)3 organization in incorporated in New York

Originally concentrating on power engineering and communications IEEE at present spans technical interests across the spectrum of technology

From nanotechnology to oceanic engineering

In many respects IEEE has become “the steward of Engineering”

Early Presidents

Alexander G. Bell Elihu Thomson Charles Steinmetz Frank Sprague

A few more recent Presidents

Leah Jamieson Joseph Bordogna Michael Lightner Wallace Read

AIEE IRE

Established 1884 in Philadelphia

An American Organization

Representing the establishment

Rooted in Power Engineering

First computers working group Now the Computer Society

Established 1908

An international Organization

Open to students, young professionals

Quick to adopt advances in radar, radio, TV, electronics, computers

Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers (January 1913)

1963: Merger of AIEE and IRE to create IEEE

Total IEEE Membership - 1963 to 2005

150000

200000

250000

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350000

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What is IEEE?

A membership organization

A major creator and guardian of technical IP

A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together

both geographically and disciplinarily

A guardian of the future of Engineering

An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives

What is IEEE?

A membership organization

A major creator and guardian of technical IP

A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together

both geographically and disciplinarily

A guardian of the future of Engineering

An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives

What does IEEE do?

Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing

Organizes conferences

Develops standards

Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together

Organizes professional activities among engineering students

Educates the public about Engineering

What does IEEE do?

Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing

Organizes conferences

Develops standards

Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together

Organizes professional activities among engineering students

Educates the public about Engineering

Why is IEEE interested in pre-university engineering education?

Because it is in our stated and un-stated mission

Because in many IEEE Sections there is marked decline in the interest of young people in Engineering

This is bad for the future of these communities and would have a negative impact on their standard of living

Because we do not believe the problem is going to be tackled effectively without us

Industry does not appear to be able to address the problem directly

Governments do not appear sufficiently concerned (yet) Other engineering associations look up to us

What is the Problem?

Flat or declining engineering enrollments in most developed nations

Coupled with disappointing performance of youth in Mathematics

E.g., “free fall” in Scandinavia

Insufficient number of engineers and engineering educational programs in most developing countries

Asia is far behind Europe and the US in number of engineers per capita

Some of the problems are related to national policy

Country Public expenditures on education

R&D investment per capita (1M people)

Argentina 3.5% 0.013%

Brazil 5.1% 0.004%

Ecuador 3.5% l.t 0.001%

Peru 2.9% l.t 0.001%

Austria 5.4% 0.2%

Spain 5.0% 0.02%

UNESCO World Education Report

Percentage of Science Degrees Awarded

41

.83

63

2.4

18

.41

5.6

38

.43

2.5

28

.21

5.8

13

39

.53

1.5

24

.21

5.9

15

38

.43

12

5.9

15

.71

4.9

38

.93

1.1

25

16

.41

7.4

38

.53

0.8

24

.61

4.8

16

.2

05

101520253035404550

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

South Korea

Germany

Czech Rep.

USA

Norway

Science degrees include life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, computer sciences, engineering, manufacturing, and building

Source: Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development

New baccalaureate engineering degrees per year per million citizens (2004)

Country Number of degrees per million citizens

USA 468.3

China 271.1

India 103.7

SA 36.5

What is the Problem?

Women & minority students conspicuously under-represented

Public perception of engineers/ engineering/ technology is largely misinformed Resulting in early decisions that block

the path of children to Engineering

Engineering degrees US: 2005-2006

http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf

B.Sc Degrees in Engineering by Gender, US: 2005-2006

http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf

Engineering Degrees Awarded to women, US: 2005-2006

http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf

Engineering has a problem of image

From Collegeboard.com: Law

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

fascinated by the relationship between law and society

engage in intense discussion of thorny legal problems ?

From Collegeboard.com: Broadcast Journalism

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

sharp of mind and quick of tongue

learn how to find and interview sources?

From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.

Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?

From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.

Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?

From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.

Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?

From Collegeboard.com: Mechanical Engineering

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

A fan of science and math, a creative problem solver, and someone who likes to take things apart to find out how they work.

Rely on your math skills? Master difficult scientific concepts? Take on a heavy course load? Spend five years as an undergrad…

From Collegeboard.com: Electrical Engineering

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

A fan of science and math who’s curious about the way things work

Spend hours building detailed, complicated systems

Try, try, and try again when at first a project doesn’t succeed

In many countries in the Western Hemisphere, student achievements in

mathematics are low

OECD Program for International Student Assessment

Mathematics, 15 year old students

The United States

Finland, Korea, the Netherlands, Japan

Mexico

Some data points for Brazil

Currently almost all students ages 7-14 (96.4%) attend school– up from 80.9% in 1980

Currently 83.0 % of students ages 15-17 attend school– up from 49.7% in 1980

Literacy rates for people ages 15 and older= 88.2%

As of 2002, Brazilians averaged 6.2 years of formal education (compared with 11 years in South Korea and 8 years in Argentina)

Brazil invests 4.3% of its GDP on education. The overall goal is 7%.

Edudata Brasil (http://edudatabrasil.inep.gov.br/

Pre-university activities in IEEE

On Line Portal

Tryengineering.org

“Strong On-line presence”

The Web provides us with high potential for reachability

A successful portal can become a major resource for students, parents, school counselors, and teachers

But success is difficult in an ever-crowded medium

Effort needs to be coupled with more modern tools

Instant messaging, podcasts

TryEngineering.org

A comprehensive portal on engineering for young people

Original target audience: young people ages 8-18

Designed to convey excitement about engineering and design

Can-do attitude Hands-on experience Positive image of the engineering process and

engineering

“Discover the creative engineer in you”

TryEngineering.org

A portal for students, parents, school counselors and teachers

School searchBy location, program, environment

Day in the life of an engineer

Hands-on and virtual projects

Class plans for teaching engineering design

Ask an engineerBrought to you by SAE

Ask a studentBrought to you by JETS

Games Summer camps, internship opportunities

Unique features

School search

Ask an Engineer

Ask a Student

Coming up: Opportunities Pre-university students: summer camps, science fairs University students: research opportunities, summer

and co-op jobs Graduating students: graduate study opportunities,

academic jobs

On-line Presence: TryEngineering TryEngineering.org is becoming an

increasingly popular resource for the pre-university and university communities:

28,800 = average # of visitors per month 126,835 = average # of page hits per month 4,727 = average number of university searches per

month 10,223= average # of lesson downloads per month 1821= number of questions submitted to Ask an

Expert

Statistics as of 1 August 2007

Countries of Users: English Version

US (70%) India (5%) China (3.3%) Canada United Kingdom Austria Australia

Malaysia Germany Japan Thailand South Africa Korea Brazil

Most Requested Files: Lesson Plans

Build a robot arm Close to 17,000 downloads

Cracking the Code (bar codes)

Critical Load (Civil Engineering)

New University Searches: 15 Countries

Australia Brazil Canada Pakistan France Germany India Japan

Korea Mexico New Zealand Malaysia South Africa United Kingdom United States

What’s new

New Languages

中文 Chinese

Deutsch German

Español Spanish

Français French

邦人 Japanese

русский Russian

What’s new

1 June 2007

Usage-- New Languages

Language Hits Visitors

Chinese 17608 2834

Spanish 21866 2693

Russian 24763 2589

French 23230 2498

German 21835 2237

Japanese 20704 2091

Since 1 June 2007

A New Original Game: Questioneering

What’s new

Question: The following are examples of word processing applications:

(A)LaTex and Microsoft Word(B)MIDI and RS-232 (C)Pdf and PCM(D)QWERTY and AZERTY

Questions created by 26 graduate students, engineers, and engineering professors

A New Original Game: Questioneering

What’s new

Question: Artificial neural networks are...

(A)Brain implants designed by biomedical engineers(B)Models of interconnected processors used for

signal processing and computation (C)Neuron architectures present in people who were in

bad brain accidents(D) Internet discussion groups devoted to Cognitive

Science

We are looking for an Intern to provide players with more feedback

Future services – focus on the University/College Student

Effective oral and written presentations

Job search and preparation for interview

Writing a resume

Looking for graduate school Graduate school homepage already available

through University Search

What’s new

Future Services – interviews with students and practitioners

Interviews with students from California State University, Northridge and Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA

Interviews with ECE and Biomedical Engineering practitioners engaged in Biometrics work

Future services: www.Accreditation.org

Introduction to Accreditation List of recognized accrediting bodies

worldwide And the programs they accredit

List of mutual recognition agreements Including original texts and commentary

Policy papers on accreditation

Links and scholarly papers

Coming in August 2007

Teacher In Service Program

“Engineering in the Classroom”

The Teacher In Service Program (TISP)

A program that trains IEEE volunteers to work with pre-university teachers

Based on approved Lesson Plans Prepared by IEEE volunteers Tested in classrooms Associated with Education Standards Designed to highlight engineering design

principles Low cost

How does it work?

Section volunteers run a TISP training event

EAB provides logistical support and instructors

Volunteers gather for a day and a half of training With teachers and school administrators

Volunteers spread the program in their school districts

Pre-university Engineering Education in the IEEE

August 2007Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Moshe Kam, Douglas Gorham Educational Activities

What we have done 2006-2007

2006 Boston (R1)

Indianapolis (R4)

Memphis (R3)

Kuala Lumpur (R10)

Cape Town (R8)

2007 Piura, Peru (R9)*

Rio de Janeiro (R9)

Baltimore (R2)

Dallas (R5)

*= student branch model

Expected Attendance 2007

Venue Expected Attendance

Actual Attendance

Piura 80-90 105 from 3 countries

Rio de Janeiro

50-70 100+ from 16 countries

Dallas 50-70 70

Baltimore 40-60 ?

Recent information “From the Field”

Six new programs in South Africa To subject advisors and educators Total number of affected teachers will be more

than 700 Four new programs in Malaysia

160 teachers Three new programs in the Florida West

Coast Section 90 teachers

Activity Sample

http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniversity/tispt/lessons.html

http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniversity/tispt/slessons.html

Rotational Equilibrium: A Question of Balance

Demonstrate the concept of rotational equilibrium, by building and testing a Mobile

Build working models with household items

Design and Build a Better Candy Bag

Lesson Focus

Demonstrate how product design differences can affect the success of a final product

in this case a bag for holding candy.

Students work in pairs to evaluate, design, and build a better candy bag

New Lesson Plans

Give Binary A Try Computer arithmetic and ALU design

Hand Biometrics Technology Biometrics

Sail Away Watercraft design

Simple Kitchen Machines Simple Machines

Dispenser Designs Design: user satisfaction, costs, materials

Engineering Ups and Downs Elevators

Build a Big Wheel Ferris Wheels

What’s new

Additional New Lesson Plans

Sort it Out Sticky Engineering

Challenge Ship the Chip Move That

Lighthouse! A Question of Balance Program Your Own

Game

Engineering Air Traffic Pipeline Challenge Infrared Investigations Hull Engineering Engineered Sports Engineered Memory Wind Tunnel Testing

What’s new

Questions and comments

References Edudata Brasil (http://www.edudatabrasil.inep.gov.br/) COELHO DE SOUZA, Marcos Medeiros. O

Analfabetismo no Brasil sob o Enfoque Demografico. Ipea. Brasilia, 1999 (http://www.ipea.gov.br/pub/td/td_99/td_639.pdf)

IBGE (http://www.ibge.gov.br/ibgeteen/pesquisas/educacao.html)

Universidade de Brasilia- Assessoria de Comunicacao (http://www.unb.br/acs/unbagencea/ag0504-16.htm)

Politica Educacional- O Desafio da Qualidade (http://www.missaocrianca.org.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=251&Itemid=2)

$300-$500 per year will sustain a very active teacher in-service program.

EAB will support your Section for 12 months following this workshop

This support is for the cost of materials and supplies to conduct a TISP session with local pre-university educators

Counting the Cost

Design and Build a Better Candy Bag

Region 9

Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Douglas Gorham, Educational Activities

Nico Beute, South Africa Section

Principles & Standards for School Mathematics

Geometry: Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric

modeling to solve problems Analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-

dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships

Problem Solving: Recognize and apply geometric ideas in areas outside of

the mathematics classroom Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies

Communication: Communicate mathematical thinking coherently and

clearly to peers, teachers, and others

National Science Education Standards

Standard E: Science and Technology

Abilities to distinguish between natural objects and objects made by humans

Abilities of technological design Understandings about science and technology Communicate the process of technological design

Standards for Technological Literacy

Students will develop an understanding of… Standard 8. the attributes of design. Standard 10. the role of troubleshooting,

research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.

Students will develop… Standard 11. the abilities to apply the design

process. Standard 20. an understanding of and be able to

select and use construction technologies.

Outline and Procedures

Divide into pairs Brainstorm and create a sketch of your design Build a model of your design with given

materials: a limit of 1 meter of tape per team Calculate the approximate volume of the bag Predict how much weight the bag might hold Test the strength of your bag Discuss and agree upon a redesigned bag Rebuild your prototype bag Retest the strength of your bag Answer reflection questions as a team

Reflection

What was one thing you liked about your design?

What is one thing you would change about your design based on your experience?

How did the materials provided impact your design?

How might you incorporate this activity into your classroom instruction?