preimplantation genetic diagnosis and parental preferences
TRANSCRIPT
7/27/2019 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Parental Preferences
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Designer Babies
and
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
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1. Introduction
2. What is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?
a. Process of PGD
b. Development of PGD
c. Risks and limits of PGD
3. Four Additional Ways to Use PGD
a. HLA Matching to save an older child
b. Adult onset diseasesc. Sex selection
d. Selection for a disability
4. Conclusion
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“Designer babies” PGD: genetic testing of embryos before selection
Way to have a healthy child
Possibility to use PGD to select other characteristics
Rise of ethical questions
1. Introduction
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1. Introduction
2. What is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?a. Process of PGD
b. Development of PGDc. Risks and limits of PGD
3. Four Additional Ways to Use PGD
a. HLA Matching to save an older child
b. Adult onset diseasesc. Sex selection
d. Selection for a disability
4. Conclusion
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a. Process of PGD
Egg extraction
IVFCell
biopsy Geneticanalysis
Embryotransfer
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b. Development of PGD
Originally developed for families affected by seriousgenetic illnesses
Recently used to improve success rates in infertility
treatment
Also used nowadays to select characteristics not related to
health issues
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c. Risks and limits of PGD
Risks to the embryo
Not all diseases or non-health-related traits can be clearly
diagnosed
Not all characteristics of future children can be selected No new genetic characteristics
Requires IVF
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1. Introduction
2. What is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?
a. Process of PGD
b. Development of PGDc. Risks and limits of PGD
3. Four Additional Ways to Use PGD
a. HLA Matching to save an older child
b. Adult onset diseases
c. Sex selection
d. Selection for a disability
4. Conclusion
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a. HLA Matching to Save an Older Child
Have a baby who is an immunological match for anexisting seriously ill child
Known as Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) typing
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b. Adult Onset Diseases
For mutations indicating risk for an adult-onset disease
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c. Sex Selection
To avoid a genetic disease caused
by a mutation on the X
chromosome To satisfy preferences of future
parents (non-medical sex
selection)
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d. Selection for a Disability
Select an embryo for the presence of a disease or disability
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1. Introduction
2. What is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?
a. Process of PGD
b. Development of PGDc. Risks and limits of PGD
3. Four Additional Ways to Use PGD
a. HLA Matching to save an older child
b. Adult onset diseases
c. Sex selection
d. Selection for a disability
4. Conclusion
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4. Conclusion
Ethical issues
Increased societal inequality
Expense, discomfort and risks
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References
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Parental Preferences: Beyond Deadly Disease, SusannahBaruch, J.D, Houston Journal of Health Law &Policy, 2008