Prenatal Development Prenatal Development and Pregnancyand Pregnancy

VocabularyVocabularySee PPT throughout

Warm-upWarm-upIn today’s headlines, “Female MMA

fighter was pregnant during fight”.

What do you think about this?

Do you think female athletes should have to take a monthly pregnancy test?

ConceptionConceptionPregnancy begins with the union

of a sperm cell and an egg cell which is called conception.

Prenatal DevelopmentPrenatal DevelopmentPregnancy last approximately

nine months and is divided into periods of three months called Trimesters.

TrimestersTrimestersFirstSecondThird

Prenatal DevelopmentPrenatal Development1. Zygote =formed when the nuclei of

sperm and egg combine into one nucleus.

2. Blastocyst =zygote continues to grow into hollow ball of cells.

3. Embryo =blastocyst develops into embryo, from 2 weeks after conception until the 8th week of pregnancy.

4. Fetus =from the 9th week of pregnancy until birth.

Gender DeterminationGender Determination

Each person possesses 2 sex chromosomes. One is inherited from the mother, and the other from the father.

Females=XXMales=XY

Prenatal DevelopmentPrenatal Development Placenta= interchange between

mother and baby, provides nutrients, oxygen, and water.

Umbilical cord =flexible cord that contains blood vessels, connect baby to placenta.

Amniotic fluid =completely surrounds baby, regulates temperature and cushions baby agins injury.

Month by MonthMonth by MonthFirst month

Baby is ½ inch long. First signs of heart, face, arms,

legs, and lungs. Baby's brain, spinal cord, ears and

eyes begin to form. Heart beats and pumps blood.

Second month 1 inch long, weighs 1/3 ounce. Arms and legs become longer and take shape. Liver and stomach begin to work. Eyes take on color and eyelids form.

Third month Now called a fetus, baby is 4 inches long,

weighs 1 ounce. Bones growing. Kidneys working. Fingerprints appear.

Month by MonthMonth by Month

Fourth month Baby is 6-7 inches long, weighs about 5

ounces. Fingernails appear. Placenta is formed. Umbilical cord grows and thickens.

Fifth month 9-12 inches, weighs about 1 pound. Eyelashes, eyebrows and scalp hair

appear. Blood supply to lungs increases.

Month by MonthMonth by Month

Sixth month 12-14 inches long, weighs 1 ½ pounds. Baby opens and closes eyes, can hear

sounds. Baby stretches, kicks, and sucks thumb.

Seventh, Eighth & Ninth month Gaining weight and length. Lungs have matured. Bones are developed, but are soft and

flexible. Outline of baby can be seen outside

moms body when baby moves.

Month by MonthMonth by Month

Signs of PregnancySigns of PregnancyMissed menstrual periodChanges in breastsNauseaIncreased urinationFatigue

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes

Increased size of a woman's breasts and abdomen.

Stretch marks may appear.Internal pressure affects

the bladder.Pregnancy may affect

digestive system. May experience nausea, heartburn, and indigestion.

Emotional ChangesEmotional Changes

Food cravings.Some women feel

depressed and worried.Easily angered or

frustrated.Easily upset or cry for no

reason.May feel hopeful and

optimistic.

Complications during Complications during PregnancyPregnancyMiscarriage =refers to the natural

ending of a pregnancy before the fifth month.

Stillbirth =natural ending of a pregnancy after the fifth month.

Doctors often refer to miscarriage and stillbirth as spontaneous abortion.

Complications during Complications during PregnancyPregnancyPregnancy-induced hypertension=

condition that affects a woman’s kidneys, heart, or blood circulation. Symptoms are abnormal rise in bp, rapid weight gain, swollen face and fingers, headaches, and blurred vision.

Rubella= or German measles, virus that can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or serious birth defects.

Rh factor disorder= occurs when mother and baby exchange Rh+ cells through placenta, these antibodies can cause anemia, brain damage, and even death of the fetus.

Can be easily treated with a vaccine called RhoGam during the 28th week of pregnancy and again 72 hours after delivery.

Complications during Complications during PregnancyPregnancy

STD’sSTD’sGonorrhea= bacterial STD that can be

passed to baby through birth. Newborns who contract gonorrhea can develop eye infections that lead to blindness. Symptoms: painful urination, abnormal discharge.

Syphilis= can pass through the placenta to the fetus, miscarriage or stillbirth can occur. Babies born with syphilis can have various physical disabilities. Symptoms: a sore appears, fever, rash, headaches, sore throat, hair loss, etc.

STDsSTDsHerpes= may cause miscarriage, babies can

contract the disease by being passed through the birth canal, cesarean deliver is recommended. Newborns may develop a number of birth defects. Symptoms: blisters or sores on genitals, headache, fever, aching muscles, swollen glands.

Chlamydia= can be passed during delivery, newborns may develop serious eye, ear, and lung infections, may lead to death of infant. Symptoms: abnormal discharge, painful urination, burning or itching.

STD’sSTD’s

HIV/AIDS= can be passed from mom to baby during pregnancy, delivery, or breast feeding.

¼ of babies born to HIV infected mothers contract the virus.

Symptoms: may not appear for 10 years, break down of immune system, can not recover from illness.