prentice hall interactive science series © 2011 correlated...

Prentice Hall Interactive Science Series © 2011 Correlated to:

National Science Standards (Grades 6 - 8)

NATIONAL SCIENCE STANDARDS Interactive Science Series © 2011

MODULE NUMBERS AND TITLES: Module 1: Science and Technology Module 2: Earth’s Structure Module 3: Earth’s Surface Module 4: Water and the Atmosphere Module 5: Astronomy and Space Science Module 6: Ecology and the Environment Module 7: Cells and Heredity Module 8: The Diversity of Life Module 9: Human Body Systems Module 10: Introduction to Chemistry Module 11: Forces and Energy Module 12: Sound, and Light CONTENT STANDARD A: SCIENCE AS INQUIRY A.1. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop abilities

necessary to do scientific inquiry. • Identify questions that can be answered

through scientific investigations. Students should develop the ability to refine and refocus broad and ill-defined questions. An important aspect of this ability consists of students’ ability to clarify questions and inquiries and direct them toward objects and phenomena that can be described, explained, or predicted by scientific investigations. Students should develop the ability to identify their questions with scientific ideas, concepts, and quantitative relationships that guide investigation.

M 1 SE/TE: 19, 39, 41, 57, 61, Figure, 19, 39, 57, Apply it, 41, Review and Assessment, 61 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 41, 57, My Science Online, 19, 39, Explain, 19, 39, Elaborate, 57, Evaluate, 41, 57, ELL Support, 19, 21st Century Learning, 19, 39, Response to Intervention, 41, 57, 61, Teach Key Concept, 39, Address Misconceptions, 57 M 3 SE/TE: 57, 107, Review and Assessment, 57, Apply it, 107 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 107, , Evaluate, 107, Response to Intervention, 57, 107, Build Inquiry, 107 M 5 SE/TE: 109, Apply it, 109 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 109, Teach Key Concepts, 109, Elaborate, 109, Evaluate, 109, Response to Interventions, 109 M 7 SE/TE: 50, My Planet Diary, 50 TE: My Science Online, 50, Engage, 50, Explore, 50 M 8 SE/TE: 126, Apply it, 126 TE: Explain, 126, Support the Big Q, 126, Apply it, 126, My Science Online, 126 M 9 SE/TE: 176, Apply It, 176 TE: 21st Century Learning, 176, Address Misconceptions, 176, Apply it, 176, Professional Development Note, 176

SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher’s Edition M1 = Module 1, etc

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(Continued) • Identify questions that can be answered

through scientific investigations. Students should develop the ability to refine and refocus broad and ill-defined questions. An important aspect of this ability consists of students’ ability to clarify questions and inquiries and direct them toward objects and phenomena that can be described, explained, or predicted by scientific investigations. Students should develop the ability to identify their questions with scientific ideas, concepts, and quantitative relationships that guide investigation.

(Continued) M 10 SE/TE: 165, 217, Assess Your Understanding, 165, 217 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 165, Support the Big Q, 165, Assess Your Understanding, 165, Response to Intervention, 154, My Science Online, 165

• Design and conduct a scientific investigation. Students should develop general abilities, such as systematic observation, making accurate measurements, and identifying and controlling variables. They should also develop the ability to clarify their ideas that are influencing and guiding the inquiry, and to understand how those ideas compare with current scientific knowledge. Students can learn to formulate questions, design investigations, execute investigations, interpret data, use evidence to generate explanations, propose alternative explanations, and critique explanations and procedures.

M 1 SE/TE: 18-27, 77, My Science Online, 19, 21, Unlock The Big Question, 18, Explore the Big Question, 26, Answer the Big Question, 26, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, 20, 26, 27, Vocabulary, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 20, 26, 27, Figure, 19, 22, 25, 27, 77, Apply it, 21, Do the Math, 23, Virtual Lab, 24, M 2, 39, Assess Your Understanding, 39, M 10, 23, 175, 189, 210, 226, Figure, 175, 210, Review and Assessment, 189, 226, Apply it, 23, M 11, 173, Figure, 173 TE: Engage, 18, Explore, 18, Support All Readers, 18, Explain, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 76, 77, Elaborate, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 76, 77, Evaluate, 20, 26, 27, ELL Support, 19, 21st Century Learning, 19, 25, 77, My Science Online, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26,76, Professional Development Note, 20, Differentiated Instruction, 21, 23, 25, 27, 77, Response to Intervention, 20, 26, 27, Teach with Visuals, 24, 27, Address Misconceptions, 23


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• Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data. The use of tools and techniques, including mathematics, will be guided by the question asked and the investigations students design. The use of computers for the collection, summary, and display of evidence is part of this standard. Students should be able to access, gather, store, retrieve and organize data, using hardware and software designed for these purposes.

M 1 SE/TE: 66-69, 70-79, 100-105, 152, The Big Question, 66, Untamed Science, 66, My Science Online, 67, 71, 73, Check Your Understanding, 68, My Reading Web, 68, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 69, Unlock The Big Question, 70, 100, Explore the Big Question, Answer the Big Question, My Planet Diary, 70, 100, 101, Lab Zone, 70, 71, 79, 100, 104, 105, Vocabulary, 71, 101, Assess Your Understanding, 71, 79, Figure, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 101, 102-103, 105, Apply it, 104, Do the Math, 76, Virtual Lab, 71, Appendix A, 152 TE: The Tools of Science, 66, From the Author, 66, Differentiated Instruction, 67, 73, 75, 77, 79, 103, 105, Chapter at a Glance, 67, My Science Online, 67, 68, 69, 71, 76, 101, 104, Check for Understanding, 68, Preteach Vocabulary, 68, Preview Vocabulary, 69, Engage, 70, 100, Explore, 70, 100, Support All Readers, 70, 100, Explain, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 101, 102, 104, 105, Elaborate, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 103, 104, 105, Evaluate, 71, 79, 104, 105, ELL Support, 69, 70A, 71, 101, 21st Century Learning, 75, 77, 105, Professional Development Note, 70A, Response to Intervention, 71, 79, 104, 105, Teacher Demo, 75, 103, Lab Zone, 70B, 79A, 105A, Assess Your Understanding, 79B, 105B, Key Concept Summaries, 79C, 105C, Review and Reinforce, 79D, 105D, Enrich, 79E, 105E, Lesson Quiz, 79F, 105F, Teach with Visuals, 72, 74, 78, 101, Teach Key Concept, 101, Address Misconception, 102


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• Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models using evidence. Students should base their explanation on what they observed, and as they develop cognitive skills, they should be able to differentiate explanation from description—providing causes for effects and establishing relationships based on evidence and logical argument. This standard requires a subject matter knowledge base so the students can effectively conduct investigations, because developing explanations establishes connections between the content of science and the contexts within which students develop new knowledge

M1 SE/TE: 13, 51, 54, 74, 81, 93, 97, 99, Figure, 54, 74, 93, 99, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 51, 97, Do the Math, 81 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, 51, 97, Response to Intervention, 13, 51, 97 M2 SE/TE: Figure, 6, 8, 14, 35, 36, 113, 142, Assess Your Understanding, 21, 34, 47, 65, 137, 149, Review and Assessment, 24, 153 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 21, 34, 47, 65, 137, 149, Response to Intervention, 21, 34, 47, 65, 137, 149 M3 SE/TE: 13, 17, 21, 23, 51, 78, 85, 139, Figure, 78, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17, 21, 23, 51, 85, 139 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, 17, 21, 23, 51, 85, 139, Response to Intervention, 13, 17, 21, 23, 51, 85, 139 M4 SE/TE: 17, 23, 27, 29, 45, 57, 59, 101, 125, 131,137, 147, 148, 155, 197, Figure, 101, 148, Assess Your Understanding, 17, 23, 27, 29, 45, 57, 59, 125, 131,137, 147, 155, Review and Assessment, 197 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 17, 23, 27, 29, 45, 57, 59, 125, 131,137, 147, 155, Response to Intervention, 17, 23, 27, 29, 45, 57, 59, 125, 131,137, 147, 155 M 5 SE/TE: 9, 13, 27, 38, 117, 51, 58, 87, 93, 109, 134, 141, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 13, 27, 51, 58, 87, 93, 109, 134, 141, Review and Assessment, 38, 117 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 9, 13, 27, 51, 58, 87, 93, 109, 134, 141, Response to Intervention, 9, 13, 27, 51, 58, 87, 93, 109, 134, 141 M6 SE/TE: 19, 30, 45, 75, 95, 110, 129, 133, 145, 149, 159, 165, 187, 193, 199, 200, Figure, 19, 95, 110, 129, 187, 199, Assess Your Understanding, 30, 45, 75, 133, 149, 159, 165, 193, Apply it, 145, 200 TE: Address Misconceptions, 19, Teach Key Concepts, 30, Response to Intervention, 45, 75, 110, 129, 133, 165, 187, 193, 200, Differentiated Instruction, 45, 75, 95, 133, 165, 187, 193, 200, Teach with Visuals, 95


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(Continued) • Develop descriptions, explanations,

predictions, and models using evidence. Students should base their explanation on what they observed, and as they develop cognitive skills, they should be able to differentiate explanation from description—providing causes for effects and establishing relationships based on evidence and logical argument. This standard requires a subject matter knowledge base so the students can effectively conduct investigations, because developing explanations establishes connections between the content of science and the contexts within which students develop new knowledge

(Continued) M7 SE/TE: 2, 11, 27, 65, 88, 91, 95, 113, 171, 177, Figure, 171, 177, Assess Your Understanding, 2, 11, 27, 88, 91, 95, 113, 171, Review and Assessment, 65 TE: Check Your Understanding, 2, Differentiated Instruction, 11, 27, 91, 95, 113, 171, Response to Intervention, 11, 65, 88, 91, 95, 113, 171 M8 SE/TE: 13, 63, 65, 73, 86, 92, 114, 117, 123, 127, 143, 153, 182, 194, 227, 275, Figure, 63, 114, 143, 194, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 65, 73, 86, 92, 117, 123, 127, 153, 227, 275, Apply it, 182 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, 63, 65, 73, 117, 123, 127, 153, Response to Intervention, 63, 65, 73, 86, 92, 117, 123, 127, 143, 153, 182, Lead a Discussion, 114 M9 SE/TE: 16, 19, 40, 43, 51, 112, 127, 139, 183, 185, 195, 215, 235, 247, 265, 274, Figure, 16, 19, 51, 139, 183, 195, 215, 265, 274, Assess Your Understanding, 40, 43, 112, 127, 185, 235, 247 TE: Make Analogies, 16, Teach Key Concepts, 19, 51, 139, Response to Intervention, 40, 43, 112, 127, Differentiated Instruction, 43, 127, Address Misconceptions, 139 M10 SE/TE: 7, 9, 11, 12, 15, 17, 42, 44, 47, 50, 52, 76, 79, 87, 113, 129, 173, 187, 206, 214, Figure, 11, 12, 15, 76, Assess Your Understanding, 17, 42, 44, 47, 52, 79, 87, 113, 129, 173, 187, 206, 214, Apply it, 7, 9, 50 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 17, 42, 44, 47, 52, 79, 87, 113, 129, 173, 187, 206, 214, Response to Intervention, 17, 42, 44, 47, 52, 79, 87, 113, 129, 173, 187, 206, 214 M11 SE/TE: 6, 7, 12, 19, 46, 55, 61, 71, 73, 91, 110, 163, 165, 220, 222, Figure, 12, 46, 110, 163, 71, 220, 222, Assess Your Understanding, 7, 19, 55, 73, 91, 165, Apply it, 6, Review and Assessment, 61 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 7, 19, 55, 73, 91, 165, Response to Intervention, 7, 19, 55, 73, 91, 165


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(Continued) • Develop descriptions, explanations,

predictions, and models using evidence. Students should base their explanation on what they observed, and as they develop cognitive skills, they should be able to differentiate explanation from description—providing causes for effects and establishing relationships based on evidence and logical argument. This standard requires a subject matter knowledge base so the students can effectively conduct investigations, because developing explanations establishes connections between the content of science and the contexts within which students develop new knowledge

(Continued) M12 SE/TE: 43, 71, 107, Figure, 107, Assess Your Understanding, 43, 71 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 43, 71, Response to Intervention, 43, 71

• Think critically and logically to make the relationships between evidence and explanations. Thinking critically about evidence includes deciding what evidence should be used and accounting for anomalous data. Specifically, students should be able to review data from a simple experiment, summarize the data, and form a logical argument about the cause-and-effect relationships in the experiment. Students should begin to state some explanations in terms of the relationship between two or more variables.

M 1 SE/TE: 13, 52, 54, 74, 81, 93, Figure, 54, 74, 93, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 51, Do the Math, 81 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, 51, Response to Intervention, 13, 51 M 2 SE/TE: 6, 8, 21, 24, 34, 36, 47, 137, 142, 149, Figure, 6, 8, 36, 142, Assess Your Understanding, 21, 34, 47, 137, 149, Review and Assessment, 24 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 21, 34, 47, 137, 149, Response to Intervention, 21, 34, 47, 137, 149 M 3 SE/TE: 17, 21, 78, 139, Figure, 78, Assess Your Understanding, 17, 21, 139 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 17, 21, 139 Response to Intervention, 17, 21, 139 M 4 SE/TE: 17, 27, 45, 59, 101, 131, 147, 148, 155, 197, Figure, 101, 148, Assess Your Understanding, 17, 27, 45, 59, 131, 147, 155, Review and Assessment, 197 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 17, 27, 45, 59, 131, 147, 155, Response to Intervention, 17, 27, 45, 59, 131, 147, 155 M 5 SE/TE: 9, 13, 27, 38, 87, 93, 117, 134, 141, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 13, 27, 87, 93, 134, 141, Review and Assessment, 38, 117 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 9, 13, 27, 87, 93, 134, 141, Response to Intervention, 9, 13, 27, 87, 93, 134, 141


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(Continued) • Think critically and logically to make the

relationships between evidence and explanations. Thinking critically about evidence includes deciding what evidence should be used and accounting for anomalous data. Specifically, students should be able to review data from a simple experiment, summarize the data, and form a logical argument about the cause-and-effect relationships in the experiment. Students should begin to state some explanations in terms of the relationship between two or more variables.

(Continued) M 6 SE/TE: 75, 133, 145, 149, 159, 193, 199, Figure, 199, Assess Your Understanding, 75, 133, 149, 159, 193, Apply it, 145 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 75, 133, 149, 159, 193, Response to Intervention, 75, 133, 149, 159, 193 M 7 SE/TE: 11, 65, Assess Your Understanding, 11, Review and Assessment, 65 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 11, Response to Intervention, 11 M 8 SE/TE: 63, 73, 86, 92, 117, 123, 145, 153, 275, Figure, 63, Assess Your Understanding, 73, 86, 92, 117, 123, 153, 275, Apply it, 145 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 73, 86, 92, 117, 123, 153, 275, Response to Intervention, 73, 86, 92, 117, 123, 153, 275 M 9 SE/TE: 16, 17, 40, 43, 71, 127, 185, Figure, 16, Assess Your Understanding, 40, 43, 127, 185, Apply it, 17, 71 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 40, 43, 127, 185, Response to Intervention, 40, 43, 127, 185 M 10 SE/TE: 9, 17, 42, 50, 52, 79, 113, 129, 173, 214, Assess Your Understanding, 17, 42, 52, 79, 113, 129, 173, 214, Apply it, 9, 50 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 17, 42, 52, 79, 113, 129, 173, 214, Response to Intervention, 17, 42, 52, 79, 113, 129, 173, 214 M 11 SE/TE: 7, 12, 16, 19, 46, 55, 61, 87, 110, 163, Figure, 12, 46, 110, 163, Assess Your Understanding, 7, 19, 55, 87, Review and Assessment, 61, Apply it, 16 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 7, 19, 55, 87, Response to Intervention, 7, 19, 55, 87 M 12 SE/TE: 16, 17, 47, 53, 55, 78, 79, 109, 119, 121, Figure, 16, 17, 53, 55, 78, Assess Your Understanding, 79, 109, 121, Apply it, 47, 119 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 79, 109, 121, Response to Intervention, 79, 109, 121


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• Recognize and analyze alternative explanations and predictions. Students should develop the ability to listen to and respect the explanations proposed by other students. They should remain open to and acknowledge different ideas and explanations, be able to accept the skepticism of others, and consider alternative explanations.

M 2 SE/TE: 4, 32, 146, Blog, 4, 32, 146 TE: Engage, 4, 32, 146, Explore, 4, 32, 146 M 3 SE/TE: 86, 110, Blog, 86, 110 TE: Engage, 86, 110, Explore, 86, 110 M 4 SE/TE: 60, 90, 122, Blog, 60, 90, 122 TE: Engage, 60, 90, 122, Explore, 60, 90, 122 M 5 SE/TE: 110, 148, 154, Blog, 110, 148, 154 TE: Engage, 110, 148, 154, Explore, 110, 148 154, M 6 SE/TE: 108, My Planet Diary, 108, Blog 108 TE: Engage, 108, Explore, 108 M 7 SE/TE: 134, Blog, 134 TE: Engage, 134, Explore, 134 M 8 SE/TE: 124, 186, 262, Blog, 124, 186, 262 TE: Engage, 124, 186, 262, Explore, 124, 186, 262 M 9 SE/TE: 44, 148, 228, 278, Blog, 44, 148, 228, 278 TE: Engage, 44, 148, 228, 278, Explore, 44, 148, 228, 278 M 10 SE/TE: 20, Blog, 20 TE: Engage, 20, Explore, 20 M 11 SE/TE: 8, 114, Blog, 8, 114 TE: Engage, 8, 114, Explore, 8, 114 M 12 SE/TE: 46, 68, Blog, 46, 68 TE: Engage, 46, 68, Explore, 46, 68


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• Communicate scientific procedures and explanations. With practice, students should become competent at communicating experimental methods, following instructions, describing observations, summarizing the results of other groups, and telling other students about investigations and explanations.

M 1 SE/TE: 25, 30, 59, 119, 128, 135, Figure, 25, 135, Assess Your Understanding, 119, Review and Assessment, 30, Apply it, 59, 128 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 25, 59, 119, 135, Apply it, 59, 128, My Science Online, 128, Explain, 119, 128, Elaborate, 128, 135, 21st Century Learning, 119, Response to Intervention, 30, 59, Assess Your Understanding, 59, 119, Teach with Visuals, 128, Build Inquiry, 128 M 2 SE/TE: 19, 143, Figure, 19, 143 TE: ELL Support, 19, My Science Online, 19, Introduce Vocabulary, 19, Elaborate, 19, Evaluate, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 143, Response to Intervention, 19, Differentiated Instruction, 143, Build Inquiry, 143, 21st Century Learning, 143 M 3 SE/TE: 71, 89, 126, Figure, 71, Apply it, 89, 126 TE: ELL Support, 71, Introduce Vocabulary, 71, Teach Key Concept, 71, My Science Online, 71, Differentiated Instruction, 89, Assess Your Understanding, 89, Apply it, 89, 21st Century Learning, 126, Teach With Visuals, 126, Support the Big Q, 126 M 4 SE/TE: 18, 51, 91, 107, 183, Figure, 18, 51, 91, 107, Apply it, 183 TE: Engage, 18, Explore, 18, My Science Online, 18, Differentiated Instruction, 51, 107, 183, Response to Intervention, 51, 91, 107, 183, 21st Century Learning, 51, ELL Support, 91, Assess Your Understanding, 91, 107, 183, Introduce Vocabulary, 91 M 5 SE/TE: 101, Apply it, 101 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 101, Assess Your Understanding, 101, Response to Intervention, 101 M 6 SE/TE: 17, 23, 74, 105, 145, 150, 183, Figure, 23, 150, Assess Your Understanding, 17, Apply it, 74, 105, 145, 183 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 17, 23, 105, 145, 183, Build Inquiry, 23, 145, Teach With Visuals, 23, 74, Make Analogies, 74, 150, Apply it, 74, 145, 183, Assess Your Understanding, 105, Teach Key Concepts, 150, 21st Century Learning, 183


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(Continued) • Communicate scientific procedures and

explanations. With practice, students should become competent at communicating experimental methods, following instructions, describing observations, summarizing the results of other groups, and telling other students about investigations and explanations.

(Continued) M 7 SE/TE: 138, 153, Figure, 138, Assess Your Understanding, 153 TE: Support the Big Q, 138, 21st Century Learning, 138, ELL Support, 153, Introduce Vocabulary, 153, Apply it, 153 M 8 SE/TE: 70, 94, 197, 211, 261, Apply it, 94, Figure, 70, 211, 261, Review and Assessment, 197 TE: Teach Key Concepts, 70, Teacher Demo, 70, 21st Century Learning, 94, Apply it, 94, Response to Intervention, 197, 211, 261, Differentiated Instruction, 211, 261, Teach with Visuals, 211, Assess Your Understanding, 261, Do the Math, 261 M 9 SE/TE: 23, 69, 126, 130, 153, 205, 242, 246, Figure, 9, 69, 153, 242, 246, Review and Assessment, 130, 205, Apply it, 233, 126 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 23, 69, 153, 21st Century Learning, 23, Apply it, 23, 126, Build Inquiry, 69, 126, Make Analogies, 69, Assess Your Understanding, 126, 153, Response to Intervention, 130, Teacher Demo, 153 M 10 SE/TE: 89, 107, Figure, 89, 107 TE: ELL Support, 89, Address Misconceptions, 89, Support the Big Q, 89, Introduce Vocabulary, 89, 107, ELL Support, 107, Teach Key Concepts, 107 M 11 SE/TE: 139, Figure, 139 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 139, Response to Intervention, 149, Support the Big Q, 139 M 12 SE/TE: 77, 111, Figure, 77, 111 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 77, 21st Century Learning, 77, ELL Support, 111, Introduce to Vocabulary, 111, Teacher Demo, 111


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• Use mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry. Mathematics is essential to asking and answering questions about the natural world. Mathematics can be used to ask questions; to gather, organize, and present data; and to structure convincing explanations.

M 1 SE/TE: 45, 55, 83, 85, 91, 107, 134, 148, Apply it, 45, 91, Figure, 83, 85, Review and Assessment, 107, 148, Assess Your Understanding, 83, Do the Math, 55, 134 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 45, 55, 83, 91, Response to Intervention, 45, 55, 83, 91, 148, Apply it, 45, 91, Do the Math, 55, Teach Key Concepts, 134 M 2 SE/TE: 8, 15, 37, 89, 125, 126, Figure, 8, Do the Math, 15, 37, Review and Assessment, 125, 126 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 15, 37, 89, Response to Intervention, 125, 126, Teach Key Concept, 8, Do the Math, 15, 37, 89, Alternative Assessment, 125 M 3 SE/TE: 5, 13, 42, 118, 141, Figure, 4, 42, Do the Math, 13, 118, Review and Assessment, 141 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, Response to Intervention, 5, 13, 141, Teach Key Concept, 42, 118, Teach with Visuals, 42, Alternative Assessment, 141 M 4 SE/TE: 21, 32, 59, 87, 97, 109, 121, 123, 127, 129, 169, 188, 197, Do the Math, 21, 59, 87, 188, Figure, 97, 127, 169, Apply it, 43, 129, Review and Assessment, 109, 197, Assess Your Understanding, 121 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 21, 59, 87, 97, Response to Intervention, 21, 59, 87, 97 M 5 SE/TE: 17, 31, 48, 83, 84, 104, 135, Do the Math, 17, 48, 134, Figure, 84, 95, 104, Assess Your Understanding, 135, Apply it, 31, 138 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 17, 31, 135, Response to Intervention, 17, 31, 135, Do the Math, 17, Apply it, 31, Teach Key Concepts, 48, 83, 104, Professional Development, 84, Make Analogies, 135 M 6 SE/TE: 14, 24, 49, 66, 96, 109, 111, Apply it, 14, 96, Figure, 109, 111, Do the Math, 24, 49, 66 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 49, 111, Response to Intervention, 14, 24, 49, Teach with Visuals, 96, 109, 111


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(Continued) • Use mathematics in all aspects of

scientific inquiry. Mathematics is essential to asking and answering questions about the natural world. Mathematics can be used to ask questions; to gather, organize, and present data; and to structure convincing explanations.

(Continued) M 7 SE/TE: 59, 81, 142, Apply it, 59, Do the Math, 81, Interactive Art, 142 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 59, Response to Intervention, 59, 142, Lead a Discussion, 81 M 8 SE/TE: 17, 99, 103, 160, 193, 261, Do the Math, 17, 99, 160, 193, 261, Apply it, 103 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 17, 99,103, 193, 261, Response to Intervention, 17, 99, 261, Build Inquiry, 160 M 9 SE/TE: 55, 58, 70, 89, 93, 107, 120, 129, 145, 187, Do the Math, 55, 89, 107, 145, 187, Review and Assessment, 58, 93, 129, Apply it, 120, Figure, 70, 266 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 55, 89, 107, 145, Response to Intervention, 58, 89, 93, 107, 129, Teacher Demo, 70, Lead a Discussion, 120, Make Analogies, 145, Teach Key Concepts, 187 M 10 SE/TE: 16, 17, 18, 19, 27, 46, 93, 111, 135, 173, 174, 189, 203, 206, 207, 221, Figure, 16, 17, 174, Review and Assessment, 189, Apply it, 18, 135, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 173, 206, 207, 221, Do the Math, 27, 46, 93, 111, 203, 206 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 17, 19, Response to Intervention, 19, 27, 93 M 11 SE/TE: 10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 35, 47, 53, 54, 66, 81, 95, 99, 111, 127, 149, 205, Figure, 10, 13, 20, 54, Apply it, 53, Do the Math, 19, 47, 81, 111, 205, Assess Your Understanding, 15, 35, 47, 66, 95, Review and Assessment, 99, 127, 149 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, 15, 19, 35, 47, 81, 95, 111, Response to Intervention, 13, 15, 19, 35, 47, 53, 81, 95, 99, Teach with Visuals, 10, 54, Make Analogies, 13, Address Misconceptions, 15, 20, 95, Do the Math, 19, 47, 81, 111, Apply it, 35, Teach Key Concepts, 53, 54, Introduce the Big Q, 66, Alternative Assessment, 99, 127 M 12 SE/TE: 14, 25, 43, 47, 69, Do the Math, 14, 43, Review and Assessment, 25, Assess Your Understanding, 43, Apply it, 47, 56, Figure, 69


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(Continued) • Use mathematics in all aspects of

scientific inquiry. Mathematics is essential to asking and answering questions about the natural world. Mathematics can be used to ask questions; to gather, organize, and present data; and to structure convincing explanations.

(Continued) TE: Differentiated Instruction, 43, Response to Intervention, 25, 43, 69, Lead a Discussion, 14, Do the Math, 14, Apply it, 43, 47, Teach Key Concepts, 47, 69

A.2. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding about scientific inquiry.

• Different kinds of questions suggest

different kinds of scientific investigations. Some investigations involve observing and describing objects, organisms, or events; some involve collecting specimens; some involve experiments; some involve seeking more information; some involve discovery of new objects and phenomena; and some involve making models.

M 1 SE/TE: 5, 6, 29, 104, Figure, 5,6, Review and Assessment, 29, Apply it 104 TE: Teach Key Concepts, 5, Introduce Vocabulary, 5, Address Misconceptions, 6, Alternate Assessment, 29, Response to Intervention, 29, 104, Apply it, 104 M 2 SE/TE: 45, 46, 61, 104, Figure, 45, 104, Apply it, 46, 61 TE: Introduce Vocabulary, 45, Build Inquiry, 45, Apply it, 46, 61, Teach Key Concepts, 46, 104, Differentiated Instruction, 61, Response to Intervention, 61, Address Misconceptions, 104, Teach with Visuals, 104 M 3 SE/TE: 54, 82, Apply it, 54, 82 TE: Teach Key Concepts, 54, 82, Apply it, 54, 82, Response to Intervention, 54, 82 M 4 SE/TE: 9, 25, 86, 125, 168, 170, 181, Figure, 9, 25, 86, 168, 181, Apply it, 125, 170 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 9,125, 181, Elaborate, 9, 168, 181, Evaluate, 9, 168, Response to Intervention, 9, 125, 168, Explain, 25, 16, Teach with Visuals, 25, 86, Teach Key Concepts, 168 M 5 SE/TE: 5, Figure, 5 TE: Support the Big Q, 5, Teach Key Concepts, 5 M 6 SE/TE: 7, 31, 55, 73, 198, Figure, 55, 73, 198, Assess Your Understanding, 31, Apply it, 7, 148 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 7, 31, 55, Apply it, 7, 31, Explain, 73, Elaborate, 7, 31, Evaluate, 7, 31, Response to Intervention, 7, 31, Teach with Visuals, 55, 73, 198, ELL Support, 73, Teach Key Concepts, 198


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(Continued) • Different kinds of questions suggest

different kinds of scientific investigations. Some investigations involve observing and describing objects, organisms, or events; some involve collecting specimens; some involve experiments; some involve seeking more information; some involve discovery of new objects and phenomena; and some involve making models.

(Continued) M 7 SE/TE: 11, 33, 70, 75, 148, 167, 177, The Big Question, 70, Figure, 11, 33, 75, 167, 177, Apply it, 148 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 11, 33, Teacher Demo, 11, Evaluate, 11, Assess Your Understanding, 11, 33, Response to Intervention, 11, Teach with Visuals, 33, 75, 167, 177, Explain, 75, 148, 167, Elaborate, 148, Build Inquiry, 148, Address Misconceptions, 167, Teach Key Concepts, 177 M 8 SE/TE: 15, 18, 71, 103, 152, 223, Figure, Assess 15, 152, 223, Assess Your Understanding, 18, Apply it, 71, 103 TE: ELL Support, 15, Explain, 15, 18, 223, Teach Key Concepts, 15, Address Misconceptions, 15, Make Analogies, 18, 152, 21st Century Learning, 18, Differential Instruction, 71, 103, 223, Elaborate, 71, 103, Teacher Demo, 103 M 9 SE/TE: 7, 17, 40, 52, 83, 110, 198, 230, 241, Figure, 52, 110, 198, 241, Apply it, 7, 17,40, 230 TE: Differential Instruction, 7, 17, 83, Elaborate, 7, 17, Apply it, 7, 40, 83, 198, 230, Evaluate, 17, 40, Response to Intervention, 17, 40, Teacher with Visuals, 52, 110, Teacher Demo, 83, Support the Big Q, 110, 230, Teach Key Concepts, 241, Lead a Discussion, 241 M 10 SE/TE: 24, 81, 98, 141, Figure, 24, 81, 141, Apply it, 98 TE: Teach with Visuals, 24, 81, Address Misconceptions, 24, Teach Key Concepts, 81, 141, Response to Intervention, 98, Apply it, 98, Differentiated Instruction, 141 M 11 SE/TE: 203, 216, Figure, 216, Apply it, 203 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 203, Response to Intervention, 203, Teach Key Concepts, 216, Teach with Visuals, 216 M 12 SE/TE: 21, 51, 89, Figure, 21, Review and Assessment, 89, Apply it, 51 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 21, Response to Intervention, 21, 89, Teacher Demo, 21, Apply it, 51, Teach Key Concepts, 51, Alternate Assessment, 89


14




• Current scientific knowledge and understanding guide scientific investigations. Different scientific domains employ different methods, core theories, and standards to advance scientific knowledge and understanding.

M 1 SE/TE: 52-59, Unlock The Big Question, 52, Explore the Big Question, 47, Answer the Big Question, 47, My Planet Diary, 52, Lab Zone, 52, 55, 57, 59, Vocabulary, 53, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 57, 59, Figure, 53, 54, Apply it, 59, Do the Math, 55, Interactive Art, 58, Technology and Society, 64, Science and Society, 65 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 55, 57, 59, My Science Online, 52, 54, 58, Engage, 52, Explore, 52, Explain, 53, 54, 55, Elaborate, 54, 57, Evaluate, 55, Support All Readers, 52, ELL Support, 53, 21st Century Learning, 58, Response to Intervention, 55, 57, 59, Teacher Demo, 54, Lab Zone, 59A, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 59B, Key Concept Summaries, 59C, Review and Reinforce, 59D, Enrich, 59E, Lesson Quiz, 59F, Teach with Visuals, 53, Do the Math, 55, Teach Key Concept, 56, 58, Address Misconceptions, 57, 57, 59, Make Analogies, 56, Apply it, 59

• Mathematics is important in all aspects of scientific inquiry.

M 1 SE/TE: 45, 55, 83, 85, 91, 107, 134, 148, Apply it, 45, 91, Figure, 83, 85, Review and Assessment, 107, 148, Assess Your Understanding, 83, Do the Math, 55, 134 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 45, 55, 83, 91, Response to Intervention, 45, 55, 83, 91, 107, 148, Lead a Discussion, 55, 83, 85, Apply it, 91, Teach Key Concepts, 134 M 2 SE/TE: 8, 15, 37, 89, 125, 126, Figure, 8, Do the Math, 15, 37, Review and Assessment, 125, 126 TE: Teach Key Concepts, 8, Teach with Visuals, 8, Differentiated Instruction, 15, 37, 89, Teacher Demo, 15, 89, Do the Math, 37, Response to Intervention, 125, 126 M 3 SE/TE: 5, 13, 42, 118, 141, Figure, 4, 42, Do the Math, 13, 118, Review and Assessment, 141 TE: Teach Key Concepts, 5, 42, 118, Response to Intervention, 5, 13, 141, Differentiated Instruction, 13, Do the Math, 118


15




(Continued) • Mathematics is important in all aspects of

scientific inquiry.

(Continued) M 4 SE/TE: 21, 32, 59, 87, 97, 109, 121, 123, 127, 129, 169, 188, 197, Do the Math, 21, 59, 87, 188, Figure, 97, 127, 169, Apply it, 43, 129, Review and Assessment, 109, 197, Assess Your Understanding, 121 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 21, Response to Intervention, 32, 59 M 5 SE/TE: 17, 31, 48, 83, 84, 104, 135, Do the Math, 17, 48, 134, Figure, 84, 95, 104, Assess Your Understanding, 135, Apply it, 31, 138 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 17, 31, 135, Do the Math, 17, 83, Response to Intervention, 31, Teach Key Concepts, 48, 83, 104, Professional Development, 84, Response to Intervention, 135 M 6 SE/TE: 14, 24, 49, 66, 96, 109, 111, Apply it, 14, 96, Figure, 109, 111, Do the Math, 24, 49, 66 TE: Response to Intervention, 14, 24, 49, Do the Math, 66, Teach with Visuals, 96, 109 M 7 SE/TE: 59, 81, 142, Apply it, 59, Do the Math, 81, Interactive Art, 142 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 59, Do the Math, 81, Response to Intervention, 142 M 8 SE/TE: 17, 99, 103, 160, 193, 261, Do the Math, 17, 99, 160, 193, 261, Apply it, 103 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 17, 99, 103, Response to Intervention, 99, Apply it 103, Build Inquiry, 160, Do the Math, 193, Teach with Visuals, 193 M 9 SE/TE: 55, 58, 70, 89, 93, 107, 120, 129, 145, 187, Do the Math, 55, 89, 107, 145, 187, Review and Assessment, 58, 93, 129, Apply it, 120, Figure, 70, 266 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 55, 89, 107, 145, Do the Math, 55, 89, Review and Assessment, 58, Teach with Visuals, 70, Teacher Demo, 70, Response to Intervention, 89, 93, 107, Alternate Assessment, 93, 129, Make Analogies, 145


16




(Continued) • Mathematics is important in all aspects of

scientific inquiry.

(Continued) M 10 SE/TE: 16-19, 27, 46, 93, 111, 135, 173, 174, 189, 203, 206, 207, 221, Figure, 16, 17, 174, Review and Assessment, 189, Apply it, 18, 135, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 173, 206, 207, 221, Do the Math, 27, 46, 93, 111, 203, 206 TE: Address Misconceptions, 16, Differentiated Instruction, 17, 19, 27, 93, 111, 135, Lead a Discussion, 17, Teach Key Concepts, 18, Do the Math, 27, 48, 93, 111, Teacher Demo, 46, Response to Intervention, 135 M 11 SE/TE: 10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 35, 47, 53, 54, 66, 81, 95, 99, 111, 127, 149, 205, Figure, 10, 13, 20, 54, Apply it, 53, Do the Math, 19, 47, 81, 111, 205, Assess Your Understanding, 15, 35, 47, 66, 95, Review and Assessment, 99, 127, 149 TE: Teach with Visuals, 10, Differentiated Instruction, 13, 15, 19, Response to Intervention, 19, 47, Teach Key Concepts, 20, Apply it, 53 M 12 SE/TE: 14, 25, 43, 47, 69, Do the Math, 14, 43, Review and Assessment, 25, Assess Your Understanding, 43, Apply it, 47, 56, Figure, 69 TE: Do the Math, 14, 25, Apply it, 43, 47

• Technology used to gather data enhances accuracy and allows scientists to analyze and quantify results of investigations.

M 1 SE/TE: 137-139, Apply it, 137, My Science Online, 137, Figure, 138, Lab Zone, 139, Assess Your Understanding, 139 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 137, 139, Apply it, 137, Response to Intervention, 139, Teach with Visuals, 138 M 2 SE/TE: 118-123, My Science Online, 117, 119, 121, Unlock The Big Question, 118, Explore the Big Question, 122, Answer the Big Question, 123, My Planet Diary, 118, Lab Zone, 118, 120, 123, Vocabulary, 119, Assess Your Understanding, 120, 123, Figure, 119, Apply it, 121 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 121, My Science Online, 119, Engage, 118, Explore, 118, Support All Readers, 118, Explain, 119, Elaborate, 121, Evaluate, 123, ELL Support, 119, 21st Century Learning, 122, Note, Response to Intervention, 123, Lab Zone,


17




(Continued) • Technology used to gather data enhances

accuracy and allows scientists to analyze and quantify results of investigations.

(Continued) 123A, Assess Your Understanding, 120, 123B, Key Concept Summaries, 123C, Review and Reinforce, 123D, Enrich, 123E, Lesson Quiz, 123F, Teach with Visuals, 120, Teach Key Concept, 121 M 3 SE/TE: 18-23, 32, 33, My Science Online, 25, Unlock The Big Question, 18, My Planet Diary, 10, 18, Lab Zone, 18, 21, 23, Vocabulary, 11, 17, 25, Assess Your Understanding, 21, 23, Figure, 19, 20, Apply it, 21, Art in Motion, 22, Real World Inquiry, 23, Science and Society, 32, Careers, 33 TE: Engage, 18, Explore, 18, Explain, 19, 20, 22, Elaborate, 21, 22, 23, Evaluate, 21, 23, Teach Key Concepts, 19, ELL Support, 19Support All Reading, 18, Differentiated Instruction, 21, Response to Intervention, 21 M 4 SE/TE: 102, 120, 150-155, 160, 161, Kids Doing Science, 160, Think Like a Scientist, 161 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 153, 155, My Science Online, 151, 153, Support All Readers, 150, Engage, 150, Explore, 150, Explain, 151, 152, 153, 154, Elaborate, 152, 153, 155, Evaluate, 152, 155, ELL Support, 150A, 151, 21st Century Learning, 151, 153, 154, Professional Development Note, 150A, Response to Intervention, 152, 155, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 150B, 155A, Address Misconceptions, 120, Assess Your Understanding, 102, 155B, Key Concept Summaries, 155C, Review and Reinforce, 155D, Enrich, 155E, Lesson Quiz, 155F M 5 SE/TE: 52-61, 120, 121, 126-131, 132, 151, 155, Frontiers of Technology 120, Science and History, 121, My Planet Diary, 132, TE: Engage, 52, Explore, 52, Explain, 53, 54, 56, 57, Elaborate, 55, Evaluate, 58 M 6 SE/TE: 172, Technology and Society, 172 M 7 SE/TE: 80, 92, 146-151, 152-155, Unlock The Big Question, 146, 152, My Planet Diary, 80, 92, 146, 152, 161, Lab Zone, 146, 151, 152, 155, My Science Online, 147, Vocabulary, 153, Assess Your Understanding, 151,155, Art in Motion, 151, Apply it, 153, Figure, 148, Technology and Society, 161


18




(Continued) • Technology used to gather data enhances

accuracy and allows scientists to analyze and quantify results of investigations.

(Continued) TE: Engage, 152, Explore, 152, Explain, 146, 153, Elaborate, 146, 153, Evaluate, 146, Differentiated Instruction, 147, Response to Intervention, 149, Make Analogies, 150, My Science Online, 153, Teach with Visuals, 154, Assess Your Understanding,155 M 9 SE/TE: 31, 61, 97, 114, Hot Science, 31, Technology and Society, 61, Frontiers of Technology, 97, My Planet Diary, 115, TE: Engage, 115, Explore, 115

• Scientific explanations emphasize evidence, have logically consistent arguments, and use scientific principles, models and theories. The scientific community accepts and uses such explanations until displaced by better scientific ones. When such displacement occurs, science advances.

M 1 SE/TE: 10-17,Big Ideas of Science, xxiii, The Big Question, xx, Untamed Science, xx, My Science Online, 11, 15, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 10, 18, My Planet Diary, 10, 18, Lab Zone, 10, 13, 17, Vocabulary, 11, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17, Figure, 11, 12, 15, Apply it, 13, 14, 17, Interactive Art, 16 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, 15, 17, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, Engage, 10, Explore, 10, Explain, 11, 12, 16, Elaborate, 15, Evaluate, Support All Readers, 10, ELL Support, 11, 21st Century Learning, 15, 16, Response to Intervention, 13, 17, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 17A, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17B, Key Concept Summaries, 17C, Review and Reinforce, 17D, Enrich, 17E, Lesson Quiz, 17F, Teach with Visuals, Teach Key Concept, 11, 14, Address Misconceptions, 12, Make Analogies, 13, Support the Big Q, 12, Apply it, 13, 14, 17


19




• Science advances through legitimate skepticism. Asking questions and querying other scientists’ explanations is part of scientific inquiry. Scientists evaluate the explanations proposed by other scientists by examining evidence, comparing evidence, identifying faulty reasoning, pointing out statements that go beyond the evidence, and suggesting alternative explanations for the same observations.

M 1 SE/TE: 10-17,Big Ideas of Science, xxiii, The Big Question, xx, Untamed Science, xx, My Science Online, 11, 15, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 10, 18, My Planet Diary, 10, 18, Lab Zone, 10, 13, 17, Vocabulary, 11, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17, Figure, 11, 12, 15, Apply it, 13, 14, 17, Interactive Art, 16 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, 15, 17, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, Engage, 10, Explore, 10, Explain, 11, 12, 16, Elaborate, 15, Evaluate, Support All Readers, 10, ELL Support, 11, 21st Century Learning, 15, 16, Response to Intervention, 13, 17, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 17A, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17B, Key Concept Summaries, 17C, Review and Reinforce, 17D, Enrich, 17E, Lesson Quiz, 17F, Teach with Visuals, Teach Key Concept, 11, 14, Address Misconceptions, 12, Make Analogies, 13, Support the Big Q, 12, Apply it, 13, 14, 17

• Scientific investigations sometimes result in new ideas and phenomena for study, generate new methods or procedures for an investigation, or develop new technologies to improve the collection of data. All of these results can lead to new investigations.

M 1 SE/TE: 10-17, 18-27, Big Ideas of Science, xxiii, The Big Question, xx, Untamed Science, xx, My Science Online, 11, 15, 19, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web,2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 10, 18, My Planet Diary, 10, 18, Lab Zone, 10, 13, 17, 18, 20, 26, 27, Vocabulary, 11, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17, 20, 26, 27, Figure, 11, 12, 15, 19, 22, 25, 27, Apply it, 13, 14, 17, 21, Interactive Art, 16, Do the Math, 23, Virtual Lab, 24 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, 25, 27, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 19, 18, Engage, 10, 18, Explore, 10, 18, Explain, 11, 12, 16, 20, 21, Elaborate, 15, 20, Evaluate, 20, Support All Readers, 10, ELL Support, 11, 18A, 19, 21st Century Learning, 15, 16, 19, 25, Professional Development Notes, 18A, 20, Response to Intervention, 13, 17, 20, 26, Teacher Demo, 22, Lab Zone, 17A, 18B, 27A, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17B, 27B, Key Concept Summaries, 17C, 27C, Review and Reinforce, 17D, 27D, Enrich, 17E, 27E, Lesson


20




(Continued) • Scientific investigations sometimes result

in new ideas and phenomena for study, generate new methods or procedures for an investigation, or develop new technologies to improve the collection of data. All of these results can lead to new investigations.

(Continued) Quiz, 17F, 27F, Teach with Visuals, 24, Teach Key Concept, 11, 14, 19, Address Misconceptions, 12, 23, Make Analogies, 13, Support the Big Q, 12, Apply it, 13, 14, 17, 21, Do the Math, 23

CONTENT STANDARD B: PHYSICAL SCIENCE B.1. As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an

understanding of Properties and changes of properties in matter. • A substance has characteristic properties,

such as density, a boiling point, and solubility, all of, which are independent of the amount of the sample. A mixture of substances often can be separated into the original substances using one or more of the characteristic properties.

M 10 SE/TE: xx-3, 4-7, 12-13, 204-211, 213-216, Big Ideas of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, Unlock The Big Question, 204, My Science Online, 1, 5, 13, 205, 207, 213, 215, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, 8, Explore the Big Question, 210, Answer the Big Question, 211,My Planet Diary, 4, 204, Lab Zone, 4, 7, 13, 204, 206, 211, 214, 217, Vocabulary, 5, 9, 205, 213, Assess Your Understanding, 7, 13, 214, 217, Apply it, 7, Figure, 205, 207, 208, 215, 216, Apply it, 209, 217, Do the Math, 206 TE: Introduction to Matter, xxii, From the Author, xxii, Differentiated Instruction, 1, 7, 11, 13, 207, 209, 211, 215, Chapter at a Glance, 1, My Science Online, xxii, 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, Check for Understanding, 2, Preteach Vocabulary, 2, Preview Vocabulary, 3, Support All Readers, 4, 8, 204, 212, Engage, 4, 8, 204, 212, Explore, 4, 8, 204, 212, Explain, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 205, 213, 215, Elaborate, 7, 9, 11, 13, 206, 209, 214, 215, Evaluate, 7, 11, 13, 206, 214, ELL Support, 3, 4A, 5, 8A, 9, 205, 213, 21st Century Learning, 5, 10, 13, 209, 215, Professional Development Note, 4A, 8A, Response to Intervention, 7, 11, 13, 211, 214, Lab Zone, 4B, 7A, 8A, 13A, 211A, Assess Your Understanding, 7B, 13B, 211, 211B, Key Concept Summaries, 7C, 13C, 211C, Review and Reinforce, 7D, 13D, 211D, Enrich, 7E, 13E, 211E, Lesson Quiz, 7F, 13F, 211F, Teach Key Concept, 6, 213, Make Analogies, 11, Teach with Visuals, 205, 216, Address Misconceptions, 207, 208, 210, 213, Apply it, 209, Teacher Demo, 210


21




• Substances react chemically in characteristic ways with other substances to form new substances (compounds) with different characteristic properties. In chemical reactions, the total mass is conserved. Substances often are placed in categories or groups if they react in similar ways; metals are an example of such a group.

M 10 SE/TE: 20-29, 158-161, 162-169, The Big Question, 158, Untamed Science, 158, My Science Online, 21, 27, 159, 163, 167, Check Your Understanding, 160, My Reading Web, 160, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 161, Unlock The Big Question, 20, 162, 170, 182, Explore the Big Question, 28-29, 178, Answer the Big Question, 179, My Planet Diary, 20, 162, Lab Zone, 20, 22, 25, 162, 165, 169, Vocabulary, 21, 163, Assess Your Understanding, 22, 25, 165, 169, Figure, 21, 22, 24, Apply it, 23, 164, Do the Math, 27, 169, Virtual Lab, 168, Interactive Art, 25, 164 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 158, Untamed Science Video, 158, From the Author, 158, Check Your Understanding, 160, Preview Vocabulary Skills, 160, Preview Vocabulary Terms, 161, Differentiated Instruction, 23, 25, 27, 29, 159, 165, 167, 169, Chapter at a Glance, 159, Engage, 20, 162, Explore, 20, 162, Support All Readers, 20, 162, Explain, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 163, 164, 165, 166, Elaborate, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 164, 167, 169, Evaluate, 22, 25, 29, 165, 169, ELL Support, 21, 161, 162A, 163, 21st Century Learning, 21, 27, 167, 168, My Science Online, 21, 23, 24, 26, 28, 158, 159, 160, 163, 165, 168, Professional Development Note, 22, 162A, 164, Response to Intervention, 22, 25, 29, 165, 169, Teacher Demo, 167, 168, Lab Zone, 29A, 162B, 169A, Assess Your Understanding, 29B, 164, 169B, Key Concept Summaries, 29C, 169C, Review and Reinforce, 29D, 169D, Enrich, 29E, 169E, Lesson Quiz, 29F, 169F, Teach with Visuals, 163, 164, 166, Address Misconceptions, 24, 26, Answer the Big Q, 29

• Chemical elements do not break down during normal laboratory reactions involving such treatments as heating, exposure to electric current, or reaction with acids. There are more than 100 known elements that combine in a multitude of ways to produce compounds, which account for the living and nonliving substances that we encounter.

M 10 SE/TE: 80-87, 120-123, 124-129, 232-233, The Big Question, 120, Untamed Science, 120, My Science Online, 81, 83, 87, 107, 109, 111, 121, 125, Unlock The Big Question, 80, 124, Check Your Understanding, 122, My Reading Web, 122, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 123, My Planet Diary, 80, 124, Lab Zone, 80, 82, 85, 87, 124, 129, Vocabulary, 81, Assess Your Understanding, 82, 85, 87, 129, Figure, 86, Apply it, 83, 127, Interactive Art, 85, 126, Virtual Lab, 128, Appendix C, 232-233


22




(Continued) • Chemical elements do not break down

during normal laboratory reactions involving such treatments as heating, exposure to electric current, or reaction with acids. There are more than 100 known elements that combine in a multitude of ways to produce compounds, which account for the living and nonliving substances that we encounter.

(Continued) TE: Differentiated Instruction, 83, 85, 87, My Science Online, 81, 83, Support All Readers, 80, 124, Engage, 80, 124, Explore, 80, 124, Explain, 81, 83, 84, 86, 125, Elaborate, 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, Evaluate, 82, 85, 87, ELL Support, 80A, 81, 21st Century Learning, 81, Teach with Visuals, 125, Teacher Demo, 128, Professional Development Note, 80A, 86, Response to Intervention, 85, 87, Lab Zone, 80B, 87A, 129A, Assess Your Understanding, 87B, 129, 129B, Key Concept Summaries, 87C, 129C, Review and Reinforce, 87D, 129D, Enrich, 87E, 129E, Lesson Quiz, 87F, 129F, Make Analogies, 84, 129

B.2. As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an understanding of motions and forces.

• The motion of an object can be described

by its position, direction of motion, and speed. That motion can be measured and represented on a graph.

M 11 SE/TE: 8-15, 16-21, My Science Online, 9, 13, 15, 17, 21, Unlock The Big Question, 8, 16, My Planet Diary, 8, 16, Lab Zone, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 19, 21, Vocabulary, 9, 17, Assess Your Understanding, 11, 13, 15, 19, 21, Figure, 10, 12, 17, 18, Apply it, 9, 11, Do the Math, 19, Virtual Lab, 20, Interactive Art, 14, 21 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 11, 13, 15, 19, 20, My Science Online, 9, 10, 14, 17, 19, 20, Engage, 8, 16, Explore, 8, 16, Explain, 9, 10, 12, 14, 17, 18, 20, Elaborate, 9, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, Evaluate, 11, 13, 15, 19, 20, Support All Readers, 8, 16, ELL Support, 8A, 9, 16A, 17, 21st Century Learning, 10, 14, 18, Explore the Big Q, 13, Answer the Big Q, 13, Do the Math, 19, Professional Development Note, 8A, 16A, 18, Response to Intervention, 11, 13, 15, 19, 20, Teacher Demo, 17, Lab Zone, 8B, 15A, 16A, 21A, Assess Your Understanding, 15B, 21B, Key Concept Summaries, 15C, 21C, Review and Reinforce, 15D, 21D, Enrich, 15E, 21E, Lesson Quiz, 15F, 21F, Teach with Visuals, 14, 15, 20, Teach Key Concept, 17, Address Misconceptions, 9, 17, 20, Make Analogies, 13


23




• An object that is not being subjected to a force will continue to move at a constant speed and in a straight line.

M 11 SE/TE: 44-45, My Science Online, 45, Unlock The Big Question, 44, My Planet Diary, 44, Lab Zone, 44, 45, Vocabulary, 45, Assess Your Understanding, 45, Figure, 45 TE: My Science Online, 44, Introduce Vocabulary, 45, Engage, 44, Explore, 44, Elaborate, 45, Evaluate, 45, ELL Support, 45, Response to Intervention, 45, Teach with Visuals, 45

• If more than one force acts on an object along a straight line, then the forces will reinforce or cancel one another, depending on their direction and magnitude. Unbalanced forces will cause changes in the speed or direction of an object’s motion.

M 11 SE/TE: 46-47, My Science Online, 47, My Planet Diary, 44, Lab Zone, 47, Assess Your Understanding, 47, Figure, 46 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 47, My Science Online, 46, Explain, 46, Elaborate, 47, Evaluate, 47, Response to Intervention, 47, Teacher Demo, 46, Teach with Visuals, 46

B.3. As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an understanding of transfer of energy.

• Energy is a property of many substances

and is associated with heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound, nuclei, and the nature of a chemical. Energy is transferred in many ways.

M 11 SE/TE: 104-107, 108-113, 114-119, The Big Question, 104, 114, Untamed Science, 104, My Science Online, 105, 109, 111, Check Your Understanding, 106, My Reading Web, 106, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 107, Unlock The Big Question, 108, My Planet Diary, 108, 114, Lab Zone, 114, 116, 119, 108, 109, 113, Vocabulary, 109, 115, Assess Your Understanding, 109, 113, 116, 119, Figure, 115, 117, 112, 113, Do the Math, 111, Interactive Art, 118, Art in Motion, 110, Apply it, 116 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 104, From the Author, 104, Differentiated Instruction, 104, 111, 113, 117, 119, Chapter at a Glance, 105, My Science Online, 110, 105, Check for Understanding, 106, Preteach Vocabulary, 106, Preview Vocabulary, 107, Engage, 108, Explore, 108, 110, Explain, 109, 112, 118, Elaborate,109, Evaluate, 109, ELL Support, 107, 108A, 109, 115, 21st Century Learning, 111, 112, 117, 118, Professional Development Note, 108A, Response to Intervention, 113, 116, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 113A, CA, Assess Your Understanding, 113B, 119B, Concept Summaries, 113C, 119C, Review and Reinforce, 113D, 119D, Enrich, 113E, 119E, Lesson Quiz, 113F, 119F,Teach with Visuals, 113, 115


24




• Heat moves in predictable ways, flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones, until both reach the same temperature.

M 11 SE/TE: 120-125, Unlock The Big Question, 120, Explore the Big Question, 124, Answer the Big Question, 125, My Planet Diary, 120, Lab Zone, 120, 123, 125, Vocabulary, 121, Assess Your Understanding, 123, 125, Figure, 122, 123, Apply it, 121, Interactive Art, 121 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 123, 125, My Science Online, Engage, 120, Explore, 120, Support All Readers, 120, Explain, 121, 124, Elaborate, 121, 123, 124, Evaluate, 123, 125, ELL Support, 121, 21st Century Learning, Professional Development Note, 122, Response to Intervention, 125, Lab Zone, 125A, Assess Your Understanding, 125B, Key Concept Summaries, 125C, Review and Reinforce, 125D, Enrich, 125E, Lesson Quiz, 125F, Teach with Visuals, 122

• Light interacts with matter by transmission (including refraction), absorption, or scattering (including reflection). To see an object, light from that object-emitted by or scattered from it-must enter the eye.

M 12 SE/TE: 104-109, 110-117, 124, Explore the Big Question, 113, Unlock the Big Question, Lab Zone, 105, 109, 114, 117, My Science On-Line, 105, 107, 111, 115, Vocabulary, 105, 111, Assess Your Understanding, 105, 109, 114, 117, Figure, 105, 106, 107, 111, 115, 116, Apply it, 109, 117, Do the Math, 112, Interactive Art, 108, 116, 124, Art in Motion, 113 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 107, 109, 113, 115, 117, My Science Online, 105, 108, 111, 112, 116, Support All Readers, 104, 110, Engage, 104, 110, Explore, 104, 110, Explain, 105, 106, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, Elaborate, 105, 109, 111, 112, 113, 116, Evaluate, 105, 109, 114, 117, ELL Support, 105, 110A, 111, Support the Big Q, 107, Build Inquiry, 107, 21st Century Learning, 105, 106, 117, Professional Development Note, 110A, Build Inquiry, 113,Explore the Big Q, 113, Response to Intervention, 105, 109, 114, 117, Lab Zone, 109A, 110A, 117A, Assess Your Understanding, 109B, 117B, Key Concept Summaries, 109C, 117C, Review and Reinforce, 109D, 117D, Enrich, 109E, 117E, Lesson Quiz, 109F, 117F, Teach with Visuals, 106, 108, 115, 116


25




• Electrical circuits provide a means of transferring electrical energy when heat, light, sound, and chemical changes are produced.

M 11 SE/TE: 177-179, My Science Online, 176, Figure, 177, 178, 179 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 177, 179, Explain, 177, 178, Elaborate, 177, Teacher Demo, 177, Teach with Visuals, 178, 179, Make Analogies, 178

• In most chemical and nuclear reactions, energy is transferred into or out of a system. Heat, light, mechanical motion, or electricity might all be involved in such transfers.

The sun is a major source of energy for changes on the earth’s surface. The sun loses energy by emitting light. A tiny fraction of that light reaches the earth, transferring energy from the sun to the earth. The sun’s energy arrives as light with a range of wavelengths, consisting of visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet radiation.

M 5 SE/TE: 88-93, Unlock the Big Question, 88, Explore the Big Question, 88, My Planet Diary, 88, Lab Zone, 88, 91, 93, My Science On-Line, 89, 93, Vocabulary, 89, Assess Your Understanding, 91, 93, Figure, 89, Do the Math, 91, Interactive Art, 95 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 91, 93, My Science Online, 90, Support All Readers, 88, Engage, 88, Explore, 88, Explain, 89, 90, 92, Elaborate, 89, 90, 93, Evaluate, 91, ELL Support, 89, 21st Century Learning, 89, 92, Response to Intervention, 91, 93, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 93A, Assess Your Understanding, 93, 93B, Key Concept Summaries, 93C, Review and Reinforce, 93D, Enrich, 93E, Lesson Quiz, 93F, Teach with Visuals, Teach Key Concept, 89 M 10 SE/TE: 182-187, My Science Online, 183, 185, Unlock The Big Question, 182, My Planet Diary, 182, Lab Zone, 182, 184, 187, Vocabulary, 183, Assess Your Understanding, 184, 187, Figure, 183, Apply it, 186, Do the Math, 185, Art in Motion, 184 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 185, 187, My Science Online, 185, Support All Readers, 182, Engage, 182, Explore, 182, Explain, 183, 184, 185, 186, Elaborate, 184, 185, 186, 187, Evaluate, 184, 187, ELL Support, 183, Response to Intervention, 187, Lab Zone, 187A, Assess Your Understanding, 187B, Key Concept Summaries, 187C, Review and Reinforce, 187D, Enrich, 187E, Lesson Quiz, 187F, Teach with Visuals, 184, 186, 187, Make Analogies, 183


26




• The sun is a major source of energy for changes on the earth’s surface. The sun loses energy by emitting light. A tiny fraction of that light reaches the earth, transferring energy from the sun to the earth. The sun’s energy arrives as light with a range of wavelengths, consisting of visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet radiation.

M 5 SE/TE: 88-93, Unlock the Big Question, 88, Explore the Big Question, 88, My Planet Diary, 88, Lab Zone, 88, 91, 93, My Science On-Line, 89, 93, Vocabulary, 89, Assess Your Understanding, 91, 93, Figure, 89, Do the Math, 91, Interactive Art, 95 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 91, 93, My Science Online, 90, Support All Readers, 88, Engage, 88, Explore, 88, Explain, 89, 90, 92, Elaborate, 89, 90, 93, Evaluate, 91, ELL Support, 89, 21st Century Learning, 89, 92, Response to Intervention, 91, 93, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 93A, Assess Your Understanding, 93, 93B, Key Concept Summaries, 93C, Review and Reinforce, 93D, Enrich, 93E, Lesson Quiz, 93F, Teach with Visuals, Teach Key Concept, 89

CONTENT STANDARD C: LIFE SCIENCE C.1. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding

of Structure and function in living systems. • Living systems at all levels of organization

demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function. Important levels of organization for structure and function include cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, whole organisms, and ecosystems.

M 7 SE/TE: xx-3, 12-21, Big Idea of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 8, 13, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2 Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, 12, 22, 28, Explore the Big Question, 16-17, Answer the Big Question, 19, My Planet Diary, 12, 22, Lab Zone, 12, 19, 21, Vocabulary, 13, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 21, Figure, 12, 13, Apply it, 18, 31, Interactive Art, 16, 20 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 15, 17, 19, 21, My Science Online, 18, 20, Support All Readers, 12, Engage, 12, Explore, 12, Explain, 13, 16, 18, Elaborate, 17, 18, 21, Evaluate, 19, 21, ELL Support, 12A, 12, 21st Century Learning, 15, 16, 18, Professional Development Note, 12A, Response to Intervention, 19, 21, Teacher Demo, 17, 19, Lab Zone, 12B, 21A, Key Concept Summaries, 21B, Review and Reinforce, 21C, Enrich, 21D, Lesson Quiz, 21E, Teach with Visuals, 13, 14, 20, 21F, Address Misconceptions, 15, 21, Make Analogies, 13


27




(Continued) • Living systems at all levels of organization

demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function. Important levels of organization for structure and function include cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, whole organisms, and ecosystems.

(Continued) M 9 SE/TE: xxii-3, 4-9, Big Ideas of Science, xxii, The Big Question, xxiv, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 5, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 9, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 9, Figure, 5, 6, Apply it, 7, Interactive Art, 8 TE: Introduce the Big Q, xxiv, From the Author, xxiv, Differentiated Instruction, 1, 7, 9, Chapter at a Glance, 1, My Science Online, 1, 2, 6, 8, Check for Understanding, 2, Preteach Vocabulary, 2, Preview Vocabulary, 3, Support All Readers, 4, Engage, 4, Explore, 4, Explain, 5, 6, Elaborate, 7, 9, Evaluate, 9, ELL Support, 3, 4A, 5, 21st Century Learning, 6, 8, Professional Development Note, 4A, Differentiated Instruction, Response to Intervention, 9, Lab Zone, 4A, 9A, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 9B, Key Concept Summaries, 9C, Review and Reinforce, 9D, Enrich, 9E, Lesson Quiz, 9F, Teach Key Concept, 5, Make Analogies, 5, Apply it, 7

• All organisms are composed of cells-the fundamental unit of life. Most organisms are single cells; other organisms, including humans, are multicellular.

M 7 SE/TE: xx-3, 4-11, Big Idea of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 5, 7, 8, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2 Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 5, 7, 11, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 5, 7, 11, Figure, 6, 8, 10, 11, Apply it, 10, Virtual Lab, 8 TE: Introduce the Big Q, xx, From the Author, xx, Differentiated Instruction, 1, 7, 9, 11, Chapter at a Glance, 2, My Science Online, 1, 5, 8, 10, Check for Understanding, 2, Preteach Vocabulary, 2, Preview Vocabulary, 3, Support All Readers, 4, Engage, 4, Explore, 4, Explain, 5, 6, 8, 10, Elaborate, 5, 9, 10, Evaluate, 5, 11, ELL Support, 3, 4A, 21st Century Learning, 6, 7, Professional Development Note, 4A, Response to Intervention, 7, 11, Teacher Demo, 11, Lab Zone, 4B, 11A, Assess Your Understanding, 11B, Key Concept Summaries, 11C, Review and Reinforce, 11D, Enrich, 11E, Lesson Quiz, 11F, Teach with Visuals, 9, Build Inquiry, 9


28




• Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide, thereby producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs.

M 7 SE/TE: 22-27, Unlock The Big Question, 22, Answer the Big Question, 19, My Planet Diary, 22, Lab Zone, 22, 23, 27, Vocabulary, 23, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 23, 27, Figure, 23, Do the Math, 26 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 25, 27, My Science Online, 26, Support All Readers, 22, Engage, 22, Explore, 22, Explain, 23, 24, 26, Elaborate, 23, 26, Evaluate, 23, ELL Support, 22A, 22, 21st Century Learning, 25, Professional Development Note, 22A, Response to Intervention, 23, 27, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 22B, 27, Assess Your Understanding, 27, Key Concept Summaries, 27, Review and Reinforce, 27, Enrich, 27, Lesson Quiz, 27, Address Misconceptions, 25, Make Analogies, Support the Big Q, 25

• Specialized cells perform specialized functions in multicellular organisms. Groups of specialized cells cooperate to form a tissue, such as a muscle. Different tissues are in turn grouped together to form larger functional units, called organs. Each type of cell, tissue, and organ has a distinct structure and set of functions that serve the organism as a whole.

M 7 SE/TE: xx-3, 12-21, Big Idea of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 8, 13, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2 Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, 12, 22, 28, Explore the Big Question, 16-17, Answer the Big Question, 19, My Planet Diary, 12, 22, Lab Zone, 12, 19, 21, Vocabulary, 13, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 21, Figure, 12, 13, Apply it, 18, 31, Interactive Art, 16, 20 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 15, 17, 19, 21, My Science Online, 18, 20, Support All Readers, 12, Engage, 12, Explore, 12, Explain, 13, 16, 18, Elaborate, 17, 18, 21, Evaluate,19, 21, ELL Support, 12A, 12, 21st Century Learning, 15, 16, 18, Professional Development Note, 12A, Response to Intervention, 19, 21, Teacher Demo, 17, 19, Lab Zone, 12B, 21A, Key Concept Summaries, 21B, Review and Reinforce, 21C, Enrich, 21D, Lesson Quiz, 21E, Teach with Visuals, 13, 14, 20, 21F, Address Misconceptions, 15, 21, Make Analogies, 13 M 9 SE/TE: xxii-3, 4-9, Big Ideas of Science, xxii, The Big Question, xxiv, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 5, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 9, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 9, Figure, 5, 6, Apply it, 7, Interactive Art, 8


29




(Continued) • Specialized cells perform specialized

functions in multicellular organisms. Groups of specialized cells cooperate to form a tissue, such as a muscle. Different tissues are in turn grouped together to form larger functional units, called organs. Each type of cell, tissue, and organ has a distinct structure and set of functions that serve the organism as a whole.

(Continued) TE: Introduce the Big Q, xxiv, From the Author, xxiv, Differentiated Instruction, 1, 7, 9, Chapter at a Glance, 1, My Science Online, 1, 2, 6, 8, Check for Understanding, 2, Preteach Vocabulary, 2, Preview Vocabulary, 3, Support All Readers, 4, Engage, 4, Explore, 4, Explain, 5, 6, Elaborate, 7, 9, Evaluate, 9, ELL Support, 3, 4A, 5, 21st Century Learning, 6, 8, Professional Development Note, 4A, Differentiated Instruction, Response to Intervention, 9, Lab Zone, 4A, 9A, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 9B, Key Concept Summaries, 9C, Review and Reinforce, 9D, Enrich, 9E, Lesson Quiz, 9F, Teach Key Concept, 5, Make Analogies, 5, Apply it, 7

• The human organism has systems for digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, movement, control, and coordination, and for protection from disease. These systems interact with one another.

M 9 SE/TE: xxii-3, 10-17, Big Ideas of Science, xxii, The Big Question, xxiv, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 11, 12, 17, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, 10, 18, My Planet Diary, 10, Lab Zone, 10, 12, 15, 17, Vocabulary, 11, Assess Your Understanding, 12, 15, 17, Figure, 11, Apply it, 7, 12, Art in Motion, 1 TE: Introduce the Big Q, xxiv, Untamed Science Video, xxiv, From the Author, xxiv, Differentiated Instruction, 1, 7, 9, 13, 17, Chapter at a Glance, 1, My Science Online, 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, Check for Understanding, 2, Preteach Vocabulary, 2, Preview Vocabulary, 3, Engage, 4, 10, Explore, 4, 10, Support All Readers, 4, 10, Explain, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, Elaborate, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 15, 17, Evaluate, 9, 12, 15, 17, ELL Support, 3, 4A, 5, 10A, 11, 21st Century Learning, 6, 8, 13, 17, Professional Development Note, 4A, 10A, Response to Intervention, 9, 12, 15, 17, Lab Zone, 4B, 9A, 10A, 17A, Assess Your Understanding, 9B, 17B, Key Concept Summaries, 9C, 17C, Review and Reinforce, 9D, 17D, Enrich, 9E, 17E, Lesson Quiz, 9F, 17F, Teach with Visuals, 8, 11, 14, 16, Address Misconceptions, 13, Make Analogies, 5, 13, 16


30




• Disease is a breakdown in structures or functions of an organism. Some diseases are the result of intrinsic failures of the system. Others are the result of damage by infection by other organisms.

M 9 SE/TE: 166-169, 170-177, The Big Question, 166, Untamed Science, 166, My Science Online, 167, 175, Check Your Understanding, 168. My Reading Web, 168, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 169, Unlock The Big Question, 170, My Planet Diary, 170, Lab Zone, 170, 173, 177, Vocabulary, 171, Assess Your Understanding, 173, 177, Figure, 172, 173, Apply it, 176, Virtual Lab, 174 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 166, Support the Big Q, 172, From the Author, 166, Differentiated Instruction, 167, 173, 175, 177, Chapter at a Glance, 167, My Science Online, 168, 171, Check for Understanding, 168, Preteach Vocabulary, 168, Preview Vocabulary, 169, Engage, 170, Explore, 170, Support All Readers, 170, Explain, 171, 172, 174, 176, Elaborate, 173, 171,175, 176, Evaluate, 171, 173, ELL Support, 169, 170A, 21st Century Learning, 171, 175, Professional Development Note, 170A, Response to Intervention, 173, 177, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 170B, 177, Assess Your Understanding, 177, Key Concept Summaries, 177, Review and Reinforce, 177, Enrich, 177, Lesson Quiz, 177, Teach with Visuals, 172, 174, Address Misconceptions, 176

C.2. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of reproduction and heredity.

• Reproduction is a characteristic of all

living systems; because no individual organism lives forever, reproduction is essential to the continuation of every species. Some organisms reproduce asexually. Others organisms reproduce sexually.

M 7 SE/TE: 77, 130-133,134-139, 142, The Big Question, 130, Untamed Science, 130, Check Your Understands, 132, My Reading Web, 132, Vocabulary Skill, 132, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 133, Unlock the Big Question, 134, My Planet Diary, 134, Lab Zone, 134, 136, 139, 142, My Science Online, 130, 135, 137, Vocabulary, 135, Interactive Art, 142, Assess Your Understanding, 136, 139, 142 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 130, From the Author, 130, Differentiated Instruction, 13139,1, 137, Chapter at a Glance, 131, My Science Online, 131, Check for Understanding, 132, Preteach Vocabulary, 132, Preview Vocabulary, 133, Support All Readers, 134, Engage, 134, Explore, 134, Explain, 135, 136, 135, 137, Elaborate, 136, 139, Evaluate, 136, 139, ELL Support, 133, 134A, 135, 21st Century Learning, 77, 138, Professional Development Note, 134A, Response to


31




• Reproduction is a characteristic of all living systems; because no individual organism lives forever, reproduction is essential to the continuation of every species. Some organisms reproduce asexually. Others organisms reproduce sexually.

Intervention, 139, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 13B, 139A, Assess Your Understanding, 139B, Key Concept Summaries, 139C, Review and Reinforce, 139E, Enrich, 139F, Lesson Quiz Teach with Visuals, 77, 137, 139, Teach Key Concept, 77, Address Misconceptions, 139

• In many species, including humans, females produce eggs and males produce sperm. Plants also reproduce sexually --the egg and sperm are produced in the flowers of flowering plants. An egg and sperm unite to begin development of a new individual. That new individual receives genetic information from its mother (via the egg) and its father (via the sperm). Sexually produced offspring never are identical to either of their parents.

M 7 SE/TE: 77, 130-133,134-139, 142, The Big Question, 130, Untamed Science, 130, Check Your Understands, 132, My Reading Web, 132, Vocabulary Skill, 132, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 133, Unlock the Big Question, 134, My Planet Diary, 134, Lab Zone, 134, 136, 139, 142, My Science Online, 130, 135, 137, Vocabulary, 135, Interactive Art, 142, Assess Your Understanding, 136, 139, 142 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 130, From the Author, 130, Differentiated Instruction, 13139,1, 137, Chapter at a Glance, 131, My Science Online, 131, Check for Understanding, 132, Preteach Vocabulary, 132, Preview Vocabulary, 133, Support All Readers, 134, Engage, 134, Explore, 134, Explain, 135, 136, 135, 137, Elaborate, 136, 139, Evaluate, 136, 139, ELL Support, 133, 134A, 135, 21st Century Learning, 77, 138, Professional Development Note, 134A, Response to Intervention, 139, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 13B, 139A, Assess Your Understanding, 139B, Key Concept Summaries, 139C, Review and Reinforce, 139E, Enrich, 139F, Lesson Quiz Teach with Visuals, 77, 137, 139, Teach Key Concept, 77, Address Misconceptions, 139

• Every organism requires a set of instructions for specifying its traits. Heredity is the passage of these instructions from one generation to another.

M 7 SE/TE: 92-97, 134-139, My Science Online, 93, 97, Unlock The Big Question, 92, 134, Answer the Big Question, 92, My Planet Diary, 92, 134, Lab Zone, 92, 95, 97, 134, 136, 139, 142, My Science Online, 135, 137, Vocabulary, 93, 135, Assess Your Understanding, 95, 97, 136, Figure, 96-97, Interactive Art, 96 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 130, From the Author, 130, Differentiated Instruction, 97, 131, 139, 137, Chapter at a Glance, 131, My Science Online, 131, Check for Understanding, 132, Preteach Vocabulary, 132, Preview Vocabulary, 133, Support All Readers, 92, 134, Engage, 92, 134, Explore, 134, Explain, 93, 135, 136, 135, 137, Elaborate, 93, 136,


32




(Continued) • Every organism requires a set of

instructions for specifying its traits. Heredity is the passage of these instructions from one generation to another.

(Continued) 139, Evaluate, 97, 136, 139, ELL Support, 133, 134A, 135, 92A, 93, 21st Century Learning, 77, 138, Professional Development Note, 134A, 92A, Response to Intervention, 97, 139, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 13B, 92B 139A, Assess Your Understanding, 139B, Key Concept Summaries, 139C, Review and Reinforce, 139E, Enrich, 139F, Lesson Quiz Teach with Visuals, 77, 96, 137, 139, Teach Key Concept, 77, Address Misconceptions, 139

• Hereditary information is contained in genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell. Each gene carries a single unit of information. An inherited trait of an individual can be determined by one or by many genes, and a single gene can influence more than one trait. A human cell contains many thousands of different genes.

M 7 SE/TE: 92-97, 134-139, My Science Online, 93, 97, Unlock The Big Question, 92, 134, Answer the Big Question, 92, My Planet Diary, 92, 134, Lab Zone, 92, 95, 97, 134, 136, 139, 142, My Science Online, 135, 137, Vocabulary, 93, 135, Assess Your Understanding, 95, 97, 136, Figure, 96-97, Interactive Art, 96 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 130, From the Author, 130, Differentiated Instruction, 97, 131, 139, 137, Chapter at a Glance, 131, My Science Online, 131, Check for Understanding, 132, Preteach Vocabulary, 132, Preview Vocabulary, 133, Support All Readers, 92, 134, Engage, 92, 134, Explore, 134, Explain, 93, 135, 136, 135, 137, Elaborate, 93, 136, 139, Evaluate, 97, 136, 139, ELL Support, 133, 134A, 135, 92A, 93, 21st Century Learning, 77, 138, Professional Development Note, 134A, 92A, Response to Intervention, 97, 139, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 13B, 92B 139A, Assess Your Understanding, 139B, Key Concept Summaries, 139C, Review and Reinforce, 139E, Enrich, 139F, Lesson Quiz Teach with Visuals, 77, 96, 137, 139, Teach Key Concept, 77, Address Misconceptions, 139


33




• The characteristics of an organism can be described in terms of a combination of traits. Some traits are inherited and others result from interactions with the environment.

M 7 SE/TE: 86-91, My Science Online, 87, 89, Check Your Unlock The Big Question, 86, 88, Explore the Big Question, 91, Answer the Big Question, 92, My Planet Diary, 74, 80, 86, 92, Lab Zone, 86, 88, Vocabulary, 87, Assess Your Understanding, , 88, 88, Figure, 87, Apply it, 88, Study Guide, 98 TE: The Differentiated Instruction, 89, 91, My Science Online, 87, 88, 90, Engage, 86, Explore, 86, Support All Readers, 86, Explain, 87, 88, 89, 90, Elaborate, 88, 91, Evaluate, 91, ELL Support, 87, 21st Century Learning,89, Professional Development Note, Differentiated Instruction, Response to Intervention, 88, 91, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 91A, Assess Your Understanding, 91B, Key Concept Summaries, 91C, Review and Reinforce, 91D, Enrich, 91E, Lesson Quiz, 91F, Teach with Visuals, 87, Teach Key Concept, 87

C.3. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of regulation and behavior.

• All organisms must be able to obtain and

use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment.

M 8 SE/TE: 11-13, 134-137, 138-141, The Big Question, 134, Untamed science, 134, Check Your Understanding, 136, My Reading Web, 136, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 136, Unlock the Big Question, 138, My Planet Diary, 138, Lab Zone, 13, 138, 141, My Science On-Line, 11, 135, 139, 141, Vocabulary, 139, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 139, 141, Figure, 11, 12, 13, 139, Apply it, 141, Virtual Lab, 140 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 134, Support the Big Q, 140, From the Author, 134, Differentiated Instruction, 11, 13, 135, 141, Chapter at a Glance, 135, My Science Online, 135, 139, Check for Understanding, 136, Preteach Vocabulary, 136, Preview Vocabulary, 137, Engage, 138, Explore, 138, Support All Readers, 138, Explain, 11, 139, Elaborate, 13, Evaluate, 13, ELL Support, 137, 138A, 21st Century Learning, 11, Professional Development Note, 138A, Response to Intervention, 13, 139, Lab Zone, 138B, 141A, Assess Your Understanding, 141B, Key Concept Summaries, 141C, Review and Reinforce, 141D, Enrich, 141E, Lesson Quiz, 141F, Teach with Visuals, 139, 140, Address Misconceptions, 11, Make Analogies, Teach the Big Q, 12


34




• Regulation of an organism’s internal environment involves sensing the internal environment and changing physiological activities to keep conditions with in the range required to survive.

M 8 SE/TE: 11-13, Lab Zone, 13, My Science On-Line, 11, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 139, 141, Figure, 11, 12, 13, Apply it, 141 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 11, 13, Explain, 11, Elaborate, 13, Evaluate, 13, 21st Century Learning, 11, Response to Intervention, 13, Address Misconceptions, 11, Make Analogies, Teach the Big Q, 12

• Behavior is one kind of response an organism can make to an internal or environmental stimulus. A behavioral response requires coordination and communication at many levels, including cells, organ systems, and whole organisms. Behavioral response is a set of actions determined in part by heredity and in part from experience.

M 8 SE/TE: 262-269, 270-279, Unlock the Big Question, 262, My Planet Diary, 262, Lab Zone, 262, 263, 269, My Science On-Line, 263, 265, Vocabulary, 263, Assess Your Understanding, 263, 269, Figure, 266, 267, Apply it, 264, 265, Do the Math, 268, Art in Motion, 269 TE: The Tools of Science, From the Author, Differentiated Instruction, 265, 267, 269, 273, 279, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, Check for Understanding, Preteach Vocabulary, Preview Vocabulary, Support All Readers, 262, 270, Engage, 262, 270, Explore, 262, 270, Explain, 264, 265, 266, 269, 271, 273, 274, 275, Elaborate, 263, 264, 266, 269, 271, 274, 275, 279, Evaluate, 263, 269, 271, 273, 275, 279, ELL Support, 263, 270A, 271, 21st Century Learning, 67, 272, 276, Professional Development Note, 270A, Response to Intervention, 263, 269, 271, 279, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 269A, 270B, 279A, Assess Your Understanding, 269B, 279B, Key Concept Summaries, 269C, 279C, Review and Reinforce, 269D, 279D, Enrich, 269E, 279E, Lesson Quiz, 269F, 279F, Teach with Visuals, 277, 278, Teach Key Concept, 263, 276, Address Misconceptions, 264, Make Analogies, 268


35




• An organism’s behavior evolves through adaptation to its environment. How a species moves, obtains food, reproduces, and responds to danger are based in the species’ evolutionary history.

M 8 SE/TE: 262-269, 270-279, Unlock the Big Question, 262, My Planet Diary, 262, Lab Zone, 262, 263, 269, My Science On-Line, 263, 265, Vocabulary, 263, Assess Your Understanding, 263, 269, Figure, 266, 267, Apply it, 264, 265, Do the Math, 268, Art in Motion, 269 TE: The Tools of Science, From the Author, Differentiated Instruction, 265, 267, 269, 273, 279, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, Check for Understanding, Preteach Vocabulary, Preview Vocabulary, Support All Readers, 262, 270, Engage, 262, 270, Explore, 262, 270, Explain, 264, 265, 266, 269, 271, 273, 274, 275, Elaborate, 263, 264, 266, 269, 271, 274, 275, 279, Evaluate, 263, 269, 271, 273, 275, 279, ELL Support, 263, 270A, 271, 21st Century Learning, 67, 272, 276, Professional Development Note, 270A, Response to Intervention, 263, 269, 271, 279, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 269A, 270B, 279A, Assess Your Understanding, 269B, 279B, Key Concept Summaries, 269C, 279C, Review and Reinforce, 269D, 279D, Enrich, 269E, 279E, Lesson Quiz, 269F, 279F, Teach with Visuals, 277, 278, Teach Key Concept, 263, 276, Address Misconceptions, 264, Make Analogies, 268

C.4. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of populations and ecosystems.

• A population consists of all individuals of a

species that occur together at a given place and time. All populations living together and the physical factors with which they interact compose an ecosystem.

M 6 SE/TE: xx-3, 4-9, Big Ideas of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 7, 9, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, Explore the Big Question, 8, Answer the Big Question, 9, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 5, 7, 9, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 5, 7, 9, Figure, 5, 6, Apply it, 7 TE: Introduce the Big Q, xxii, From the Author, xxii, Differentiated Instruction, 1, 7, 8, Chapter at a Glance, 1, My Science Online, 1, Check for Understanding, 2, Preteach Vocabulary, 2, Preview Vocabulary, 3, Support All Readers, 4, Engage, Explore, 4, Explain, 5, Elaborate, 5, Evaluate, 5, ELL Support, 4B, 21st Century Learning, 6, Professional Development Note, 4B, Response to


36




(Continued) • A population consists of all individuals of a

species that occur together at a given place and time. All populations living together and the physical factors with which they interact compose an ecosystem.

(Continued) Intervention, 5, Teacher Demo, 7, Lab Zone, 9A, Assess Your Understanding, 9B, Key Concept Summaries, 9C, Review and Reinforce, 9D, Enrich, 9E, Lesson Quiz, 9F, Teach with Visuals, 6, Teach Key Concept, 8

• Populations of organisms can be categorized by the function they serve in an ecosystem. Plants and some microorganisms are producers--they make their own food. All animals, including humans, are consumers, which obtain food by eating other organism. Decomposers, primarily bacteria and fungi, are consumers that use waste materials and dead organisms for food. Food webs identify the relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem.

M 6 SE/TE: 38-41, 42-49, The Big Question, 38, Untamed Science, 38, My Science Online, 39, 43, 47, Check Your Understanding, 40, My Reading Web, 40, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 41, Unlock The Big Question, 42, My Planet Diary, 42, Lab Zone, 42, 45, 49, Vocabulary, 43, Assess Your Understanding, 45, 49, Figure, 43, 44, Apply it, 46, Do the Math, 49, Virtual Lab, 48, Interactive Art, 47 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 38, From the Author, 38, Differentiated Instruction, 39, 45, 47, 49, Chapter at a Glance, 39, My Science Online, 39, 43, Check for Understanding, 40, Preteach Vocabulary, 40, Preview Vocabulary, 41, Support All Readers, 42, Engage, 42, Explore, 42, Explain,43, Elaborate, 47, Evaluate, ELL Support, 42A, 21st Century Learning,44, Professional Development Note, 42A, Response to Intervention, 45, Lab Zone, 49A, Assess Your Understanding, 49, 49B, Key Concept Summaries, 49C, Review and Reinforce, 49D, Enrich, 49E, Lesson Quiz, 49F, Teach with Visuals, 47, Teach Key Concept,46, 48, Address Misconceptions, 46, Make Analogies, 45


37




• For ecosystems, the major source of energy is sunlight. Energy entering ecosystems as sunlight is transferred by producers into chemical energy through photosynthesis. That energy then passes form organism to organism in food webs.

M 6 SE/TE: 38-41, 42-49, The Big Question, 38, Untamed Science, 38, My Science Online, 39, 43, 47, Check Your Understanding, 40, My Reading Web, 40, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 41, Unlock The Big Question, 42, My Planet Diary, 42, Lab Zone, 42, 45, 49, Vocabulary, 43, Assess Your Understanding, 45, 49, Figure, 43, 44, Apply it, 46, Do the Math, 49, Virtual Lab, 48, Interactive Art, 47 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 38, From the Author, 38, Differentiated Instruction, 39, 45, 47, 49, Chapter at a Glance, 39, My Science Online, 39, 43, Check for Understanding, 40, Preteach Vocabulary, 40, Preview Vocabulary, 41, Support All Readers, 42, Engage, 42, Explore, 42, Explain,43, Elaborate, 47, Evaluate, ELL Support, 42A, 21st Century Learning,44, Professional Development Note, 42A, Response to Intervention, 45, Lab Zone, 49A, Assess Your Understanding, 49, 49B, Key Concept Summaries, 49C, Review and Reinforce, 49D, Enrich, 49E, Lesson Quiz, 49F, Teach with Visuals, 47, Teach Key Concept,46, 48, Address Misconceptions, 46, Make Analogies, 45

• The number of organisms an ecosystem can support depends on the resources available and abiotic factors, such as quantity of light and water, range of temperatures, and soil composition. Given adequate biotic and abiotic resources and no disease or predators, populations (including humans) increase at rapid rates. Lack of resources and other factors, such as predation and climate, limit the growth of populations in specific niches in the ecosystem.

M 6 SE/TE: xx-3, 10-17, Big Ideas of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 11, 15, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 10, My Planet Diary, 10, Lab Zone, 10, 14, 17, Assess Your Understanding, 14, 17, Figure, 12, 15, Apply it, 14, 17, Do the Math, 11, Interactive Art, 13 TE: Introduce the Big Q, xx, From the Author, xx, Differentiated Instruction, 1, 11, 15, Chapter at a Glance, 1, My Science Online, 2, 5, Check for Understanding, 2, Preteach Vocabulary, 2, Preview Vocabulary, 3, Support All Readers, 10, Engage, 10, Explore, 10, Explain, 10, Elaborate, 10, 11, Evaluate, 5, 7, ELL Support, 3, 10A, 21st Century Learning, 6, Professional Development Note, 10A, Response to Intervention, 5, 7, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 17A, Assess Your Understanding, 17B, Key Concept Summaries, 17C, Review and Reinforce, 17D, Enrich, 17E, Lesson Quiz, 17F, Teach with Visuals, 6, Teach Key Concept, 11, 15


38




C.5. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of diversity and adaptations of organisms.

• Millions of species of animals, plants, and

microorganisms are alive today. Although different species might look dissimilar, the unity among organisms becomes apparent from an analysis of internal structures, the similarity of their chemical processes, and the evidence of common ancestry.

M 8 SE/TE: xxiii-3, 4-13, The Big Ideas of Science, xxiii, The Big Question, xxiv, Untamed science, xxiv, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock the Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 6, 10, 13, My Science On-Line, 1, 5, 9, 10, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 6, 10, 13, 2Figure, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, Apply it, 9, Interactive Art, 10 TE: Introduce the Big Q, xxiv, From the Author, xxiv, Differentiated Instruction, 1, 7, 9, 11, 13, Chapter at a Glance, 2, My Science Online, 1, Check for Understanding, 2, Preteach Vocabulary, 2, Preview Vocabulary, 3, Support All Readers, 4, Engage, 4, 5, Explore, 4, Explain, 6, Elaborate, 7, 9, 13, Evaluate, 7, 13, ELL Support, 3, 4A, 5, 21st Century Learning, 6, 8, 9, 11, Professional Development Note, 4A, Differentiated Instruction, Response to Intervention, 7, 10, 13, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 13A, Assess Your Understanding, 13B, Key Concept Summaries, 13C, Review and Reinforce, 13D, Enrich, 13E, Lesson Quiz, 13F, Teach with Visuals, 5, 6, Teach Key Concept, 5, Address Misconceptions, 5, 11

• Biological evolution accounts for the diversity of species developed through gradual processes over many generations. Species acquire many of their unique characteristics through biological adaptation, which involves the selection of naturally occurring variations in populations. Biological adaptations include changes in structures, behaviors, or physiology that enhance survival and reproductive success in a particular environment.

M 6 SE/TE: xx-3, 18-27, Big Ideas of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 19, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 18, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, Vocabulary, 19, 20, 27, Assess Your Understanding, 20, 24, 27, Figure, 19, 21, 25, Apply it, 20, 27, Interactive Art, 23 TE: Introduce the Big Q, xxii, From the Author, xxii, Differentiated Instruction, 21, Chapter at a Glance, 1, My Science Online, 26, Check for Understanding, 2, Preteach Vocabulary, 2, Preview Vocabulary, 3, Support All Readers, 18, Engage, 18, Explore, 18, Explain, 19, Elaborate, 24, Evaluate, 9, ELL Support, 18A, 21st Century Learning, 26, Professional Development Note, 18A, Response to Intervention, 24, Teacher Demo, 19, Lab Zone, Assess Your Understanding, 7,


39




(Continued) • Biological evolution accounts for the

diversity of species developed through gradual processes over many generations. Species acquire many of their unique characteristics through biological adaptation, which involves the selection of naturally occurring variations in populations. Biological adaptations include changes in structures, behaviors, or physiology that enhance survival and reproductive success in a particular environment.

(Continued) Key Concept Summaries, Review and Reinforce, Enrich, Lesson Quiz, Teach with Visuals, 21, Teach Key Concept, 20, Address Misconceptions, 19, Make Analogies, 21 M 8 SE/TE: 139, My Science Online, 139, Lab Zone, 139, Assess Your Understanding, 139 TE: ELL Support, 139, Explain, 139, Evaluate, 139, Response to Intervention, 139

• Extinction of a species occurs when the environment changes and the adaptive characteristics of a species are insufficient to allow its survival. Fossils indicate that many organisms that lived long ago are extinct. Extinction of species is common; most of the species that have lived on the earth no longer exist.

M 3 SE/TE: 108-109, 113, 128-139, My Science Online, 109, 129, Unlock The Big Question, 128, Explore the Big Question, 136, 138, My Planet Diary, 128, Lab Zone, 109, 128, 132, 134, 139, Interactive Art, 108, 113, Vocabulary, 129, Assess Your Understanding, 109, 132, 134, 139, Figure, 129, 130, Apply it, 133 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 109, 113, 130, 133, 135, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, 109, 129, Support All Readers, 128, Engage, 128, Explore, 128, Explain, 108, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, Elaborate, 109, 113, 131, 133, 134, Evaluate, 109, 113, 132, 134, ELL Support, 128A, 129, 21st Century Learning, 108, 113, 129, 131, 132, Professional Development Note, 108, 128A, Response to Intervention, 109, 113, 132, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 128B, 139A, Assess Your Understanding, 139B, Key Concept Summaries, 139C, Review and Reinforce, 139D, Enrich, 139E, Lesson Quiz, 139F, Teach with Visuals, 108, Apply it, 133 M 6 SE/TE: 19, 74, 113, 116 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 113, My Science Online, 19, 74, 116, ELL Support, 19, 21st Century Learning, 116, Response to Intervention, 113, Assess Your Understanding, 113, Teach with Visuals, 74, Teach Key Concept, Address Misconceptions, 19, Make Analogies, 74


40




CONTENT STANDARD D: EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE D.1. As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an

understanding of structure of the earth system. • The solid earth is layered with a

lithosphere; hot, convecting mantle; and dense, metallic core.

M 2 SE/TE: xx-3, 10-17, Bit Ideas of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 5, 9, 11, 13, 19, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 10, My Planet Diary, 10, Lab Zone, 10, 11, 17, Vocabulary, 5, 11, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 711, 17, Figure, 12, 14, 15, Do the Math, 15 TE: Introduce the Big Q, xxii, From the Author, xxii, Differentiated Instruction, 1, 13, 15, Chapter at a Glance, 1, My Science Online, 1, 11, Check for Understanding, 2, Preteach Vocabulary, 2, Preview Vocabulary, 3, Support All Readers, 10,Engage, 10, Explore, 10, Explain, 11, Elaborate, 11, Evaluate, 11, ELL Support, 10A, 21st Century Learning, 13, Professional Development Note, 10A, Response to Intervention, 11, Teacher Demo, 15, Lab Zone, 17A, Assess Your Understanding, 17B, Key Concept Summaries, 17C, Review and Reinforce, 17D, Enrich, 17E, Lesson Quiz, 17F, Teach with Visuals, 14, Teach Key Concept, 12, Address Misconceptions, 12, Make Analogies, 14

• Lithospheric plates on the scales of continents and oceans constantly move at rates of centimeters per year in response to movements in the mantle. Major geological events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building, result from these plate motions.

M 2 SE/TE: 18-21, Unlock The Big Question, 18, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, 19, 21, Vocabulary, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 21, Apply it, 20, Art in Motion, 21 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 21, My Science Online, 21, Support All Readers, 18, Engage, 18, Explore, 18, Explain, 19, 20, Elaborate, 19, 20, Evaluate, 19, 21, ELL Support, 19, Professional Development Note, 20, Response to Intervention, 19, 21, Teacher Demo, 21, Lab Zone, 21A, Assess Your Understanding, 21B, Key Concept Summaries, 21C, Review and Reinforce, 21D, Enrich, 21E, Lesson Quiz, 21F, Teach Key Concept, 19, 20


41




• Land forms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive forces. Constructive forces include crustal deformation, volcanic eruption, and deposition of sediment, while destructive forces include weathering and erosion.

M 2 SE/TE: 98-101, 102-109, The Big Question, 98, Untamed Science, 98, My Science Online, 99, 103, 105, 107, Check Your Understanding, 100, My Reading Web. 100, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 101, Unlock The Big Question, 102, My Planet Diary, 102, Lab Zone, 102, 103, 105, 109, Vocabulary, 103, Assess Your Understanding, 103, 105, 109, Figure, 106, 108, 109, Apply it, 105, Art in Motion, 104 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 98, Untamed Science Video, 98, From the Author, 98, Differentiated Instruction, 99, 105, 107, 109, Chapter at a Glance, 99 My Science Online, 99, 100, 104, Check for Understanding, 100, Preteach Vocabulary, 100, Preview Vocabulary, 101, Support All Readers, 102, Engage, 102, Explore, 102, Explain, 103, 104, 106, 108, Elaborate, 103, 107, Evaluate, 103, 105, 109, ELL Support, 101, 102A, 103, 21st Century Learning, 108, 109, Professional Development Note, 102A, Response to Intervention, 103, 105, 109, Lab Zone, 102B, 109A, Assess Your Understanding, 109B, Key Concept Summaries, 109C, Review and Reinforce, 109D, Enrich, 109E, Lesson Quiz, 109F, Teach with Visuals, 104, Teach Key Concept, 103, Address Misconceptions, 104, Make Analogies, 108

• Some changes in the solid earth can be described as the “rock cycle.” Old rocks at the earth’s surface weather, forming sediments that are buried, then compacted, heated, and often re-crystallized into new rock. Eventually, those new rocks may be brought to the surface by the forces that drive plate motions, and the rock cycle continues.

M 2 SE/TE: 62-65, Unlock The Big Question, 62, Explore the Big Question, 64, My Planet Diary, 62, Lab Zone, 62, 65, Vocabulary, 33, 45, 49, 53, 57, 59, 63, Assess Your Understanding, 65, Figure, 63, Apply it, 61 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 65, My Science Online, 63, Support All Readers, 62,Engage, 62, Explore, 62, Explain, 63, Elaborate, Evaluate, ELL Support, 62A, 21st Century Learning, 63, Professional Development Note, 62A, 64, Response to Intervention, 65, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 65A, Assess Your Understanding, 65, 65B, Key Concept Summaries, 65C, Review and Reinforce, 65D, Enrich, 65E, Lesson Quiz, 65F, Teach with Visuals, Teach Key Concept, 63, Make Analogies, 64


42




• Soil consists of weathered rocks and decomposed organic material from dead plants, animals, and bacteria. Soils are often found in layers, with each having a different chemical composition and texture.

M 3 SE/TE: 34-37, 46-51, The Big Question, 34, Untamed Science, 34, My Science Online, 35, 39, 41, 45, 47, 53, 55, Check Your Understanding, 36, My Reading Web. 36, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 37, Unlock The Big Question, 46, Explore the Big Question, 51, Answer the Big Question, 52, My Planet Diary, 46, Lab Zone, 46, 49, 51, Vocabulary, 47, Assess Your Understanding, 51, Figure, 47, 49, Apply it, 48, Interactive Art, 51 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 34, From the Author, 34, Differentiated Instruction, 35, 47, 49, 51, Chapter at a Glance, 35, My Science Online, 35, 47, 50, Check for Understanding, 36, Preteach Vocabulary, 36, Preview Vocabulary, 37, Engage, 46, Explore, 46, Support All Readers, 46, Explain, 47, 48, Elaborate, 47, Evaluate, ELL Support, 27, 38A, 21st Century Learning, Professional Development Note, 38A, Response to Intervention, 49, 51, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 51A, Assess Your Understanding, 49, 51B, Key Concept Summaries, 51C, Review and Reinforce, 51D, Enrich, 51E, Lesson Quiz, 51F, Teach with Visuals, 48, 50, Teach Key Concept, 50

• Water, which covers the majority of the earth’s surface, circulates through the crust, oceans, and atmosphere in what is known as the “water cycle.” Water evaporates from the earth’s surface, rises and cools as it moves to higher elevations, condenses as rain or snow, and falls to the surface where it collects in lakes, oceans, soil, and in rocks underground.

M 4 SE/TE: xx-3, 4-9, 118-119, Big Ideas of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 5, 7, 9, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, 54, Lab Zone, 4, 5, 7, 9, 119, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 5, 7, 9, 119, Figure, 5, 7, 9, Apply it, 9, Do the Math, 6, Interactive Art, 8, 119 TE: Introduce the Big Q, xxii, From the Author, xxii, Differentiated Instruction, 1, 7, 9, Chapter at a Glance, 1, My Science Online, 1, 5, 7, 8, Check for Understanding, 2, Preteach Vocabulary, 2, Preview Vocabulary, 3, Support All Readers, 4, 118, Engage, 4, 118, Explore, 4, 118, Explain, 5, 6, 119, Elaborate, 5, 6, 9, 119, Evaluate, 5, 7, 9, 119, ELL Support, 4A, 119, 21st Century Learning, Professional Development Note, 4A, 6, Response to Intervention, 5, 9, 119, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 9A, Assess Your Understanding, 9B, Key Concept Summaries, 9C, Review and Reinforce, 9D, Enrich, 9E, Lesson Quiz, 9F, Teach with Visuals, 8


43




• Water is a solvent. As it passes through the water cycle it dissolves minerals and gases and carries them to the oceans

M 4 SE/TE: 18-23, Unlock the Big Question, 18, My Science Online, 19, 21, Check Your Unlock The Big Question, 18, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, 20, 23, Vocabulary, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 20, 23, Figure, 19, 22, Do the Math, 21, Art in Motion, 20 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 21, 23, My Science Online, 19, 20, Engage, 18, Explore, 18, Support All Readers, 18, Explain, 19, 20, 21, Elaborate, 20, 22, 23, Evaluate, 20, 21, 23, ELL Support, 19, 21st Century Learning, 22, Response to Intervention, 20, 23, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 23A, Assess Your Understanding, 23B, Key Concept Summaries, 23C, Review and Reinforce, 23D, Enrich, 23E, Lesson Quiz, 23F, Teach with Visuals, 19, Teach Key Concept, 19, Do the Math, 21

• The atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and trace gases that include water vapor. The atmosphere has different properties at different elevations.

M 4 SE/TE: 70-73, 74-77, The Big Question, 70, Untamed Science, 70, My Science Online, 71, 75, 77, Check Your Understanding, 72, My Reading Web, 72, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 73, Unlock The Big Question, 74, My Planet Diary, 74, Lab Zone, 74, 76, 77, Vocabulary, 75, Assess Your Understanding, 76, 77, 85, 89, Figure, 75, 77, Apply it, 76 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 70, From the Author, 70, Differentiated Instruction, 71, 77, Chapter at a Glance, 71, My Science Online, 72, 75, Check for Understanding, 72, Preteach Vocabulary, 72, Preview Vocabulary, 73, Support All Readers, 74, Engage, 74, Explore, 74, Explain, 75, 76, 77, Elaborate, 76, 77, Evaluate, 76, 77, ELL Support, 73, 74A, 21st Century Learning, Professional Development Note, 70, 74A, Response to Intervention, 76, 77, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 74B, 77A, Assess Your Understanding, 77B, Key Concept Summaries, 77C, Review and Reinforce, 77D, Enrich, 77E, Lesson Quiz, 77F, Teach with Visuals, 77


44




• Clouds, formed by the condensation of water vapor, affect weather and climate.

M 4 SE/TE: 122-125, Unlock The Big Question, 122, My Planet Diary, 122, Lab Zone, 120, 122, 123, 125, Vocabulary, 123, Assess Your Understanding, 123, 125, Figure, 123, Apply it, 125 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 125, My Science Online, 123, 124, Engage, 122, Explore, 122, Support All Readers, 122, Explain, 123, 124,Elaborate, 123, 125, Evaluate, 123, 125, ELL Support, 123, 21st Century Learning, Professional Development Note, 122A, Response to Intervention, 123, 125, Lab Zone, 125A, Assess Your Understanding, 125B, Key Concept Summaries, 125C, Review and Reinforce, 125D, Enrich, 125E, Lesson Quiz, 125F, Teach with Visuals, 124

• Global patterns of atmospheric movement influence local weather. Oceans have a major effect on climate, because water in the oceans holds a large amount of heat.

M 4 SE/TE: 54-59, My Science Online, 55, 59, Unlock The Big Question, 54, My Planet Diary, 54, Lab Zone, 54, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 58, Figure, 55, 58, Apply it, 56 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 57, 59, My Science Online, 55, 56, 58, Engage, 54, Explore, 54, Explain, 55, 56, 58, Elaborate, 56, 57, 59, Evaluate, 57, 59, Support All Readers, 54, ELL Support, 54A, 55, 21st Century Learning, 58, Professional Development Note, 54A, Response to Intervention, 57, 59, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 54A, 59A, Assess Your Understanding, 59B, Key Concept Summaries, 59C, Review and Reinforce, 59D, Enrich, 59E, Lesson Quiz, 59F, Teach with Visuals, 56

• Living organisms have played many roles in the earth system, including affecting the composition of the atmosphere, producing some types of rocks, and contributing to the weathering of rocks.

M 3 SE/TE: 34-37, 38-45, 46-51, 52-55, 56-59, 60 The Big Question, 34, Untamed Science, 34, My Science Online, 35, 39, 41, 45, 47, Check Your Understanding, 36, My Reading Web. 36, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 37, Unlock The Big Question, 38, 46, Explore the Big Question, 51, My Planet Diary, 38, 46, Lab Zone, 38, 39, 43, 45, 46, 49, 51, Vocabulary, 39, 47, Assess Your Understanding, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, Figure, 42, 47, 49, Apply it, 45, 48, Do the Math, 44, Interactive Art, 40, 51, Art in Motion, 43


45




(Continued) • Living organisms have played many roles

in the earth system, including affecting the composition of the atmosphere, producing some types of rocks, and contributing to the weathering of rocks.

(Continued) TE: Introduce the Big Q, 34, Untamed Science Video, 34, From the Author, 34, Differentiated Instruction, 35, 41, 43, 45, 48, 51, 54, My Science Online, 35, 37, 47, 48, 50, Check for Understanding, 36, Preteach Vocabulary, 36, Preview Vocabulary, 37, Support All Readers, 38, 46, 52, Engage, 38, 46, 52, Explore, 38, 46, 52, Explain, 39, 40, 47, 48, 50, 53, Elaborate, 39, 47, 48, 50, Evaluate, 39, 40, 48, 51, ELL Support, 37, 38A, 39, 52, 21st Century Learning, 43, 53, Professional Development Note, 34, 38A, 52A, Response to Intervention, 39, 43, 48, 51, 55, Teacher Demo, 41, 51, Lab Zone, 38B, 45A, 51A, 55A, Assess Your Understanding, 45B, 51B, 55B, Key Concept Summaries, 45C, 51C, 55C, Review and Reinforce, 45D, 51D, 55D, Enrich, 45E, 51E, 55E, Lesson Quiz, 45F, 51F, 55F, Teach with Visuals, 42, 48, 50, Make Analogies, 48, Study Guide, 56, Review and Assessment, 57-58, Standardized Test Prep, 59, Museum of Science, 60

D.2. As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an understanding of Earth’s history.

• The earth processes we see today,

including erosion, movement of lithospheric plates, and changes in atmospheric composition, are similar to those that occurred in the past. Earth history is also influenced by occasional catastrophes, such as the impact of an asteroid or comet

M 3 SE/TE: 124-127, 128-139, My Science Online, 125, 129, Unlock The Big Question, 124, 128, My Planet Diary, 104, 110, 116, 120, 124, 128, 140, Lab Zone, 124, 127, 128, 132, 134, 139, Vocabulary, 125, 129, Assess Your Understanding, 127, 132, 134, 139, Figure, 125, 129, 130, Apply it, 126, 133 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 127, 133, My Science Online, 125, Support All Readers, 124, 128, Engage, 124, 128, Explore, 124, 128, Explain, 125, Elaborate, 127, 131, Evaluate, 127, 134, ELL Support, 124A, 125, 129, 21st Century Learning, 126, 131, Professional Development Note, 124A, Response to Intervention, 127, 132, 134, 139, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 127A, 139A, Assess Your Understanding, 127B, 139B, Key Concept Summaries, 127C, 139C, Review and Reinforce, 127D, 139D, Enrich, 127E, 139E, Lesson Quiz, 127F, 139F, Teach with Visuals, Teach Key Concept, 133, 135


46




• Fossils provide important evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed.

M 3 SE/TE: 100-103, 104-109, The Big Question, 100, Untamed Science, 100, My Science Online, 101, 105, 109, Check Your Understanding, 102, My Reading Web. 102, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 103, Unlock The Big Question, 104, My Planet Diary, 104, Lab Zone, 104, 105, 107, 109, Vocabulary, 105, Assess Your Understanding, 105, 107, 109, Figure, 106, Apply it, 107, Do the Math, 108, Interactive Art, 105, 108 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 100, From the Author, 100, Differentiated Instruction, 101, 107, 109, Chapter at a Glance, 101, My Science Online, 101, 106, 109, Check for Understanding, 102, Preteach Vocabulary, 102, Preview Vocabulary, 103, Support All Readers, 104, Engage, 104, Explore, 104, Explain, 105, 106, 108, Elaborate, 105, 106, 109, Evaluate, 107, 109, ELL Support, 103, 104A, 105, 21st Century Learning, Professional Development Note, 100, 104A, 108, Response to Intervention, 105, 107, 109, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 109A, Assess Your Understanding, 109B, Key Concept Summaries, 109C, Review and Reinforce, 109D, Enrich, 109E, Lesson Quiz, 109F, Teach with Visuals, Teach Key Concept, Address Misconceptions, Apply it, 107, Build Inquiry. 107, Make Analogies, 109

D.3. As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an understanding of Earth in the solar system.

• The earth is the third planet form the sun

in a system that includes the moon, the sun, eight other planets and their moons, and smaller objects, such as asteroids and comets. The sun, an average star, is the central and largest body in the solar system.

M 5 SE/TE: 74-77, 82-87, The Big Question, 74, Untamed science, 74, Check Your Understanding, 76, My Reading Web, 76, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 77, Unlock the Big Question, 82,Explore the Big Question, 82, My Planet Diary, 82, Lab Zone, 82, 85, 87, My Science On-Line, 75, 83, 86, Vocabulary, 79, 83, Assess Your Understanding, 85, 87, Do the Math, 83, Interactive Art, 84, Art in Motion, 86 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 74, From the Author, 74, Differentiated Instruction, 75, Chapter at a Glance, 75, My Science Online, 75, Check for Understanding, 76, Preteach Vocabulary, 76, Preview Vocabulary, 77, Support All Readers, 78, Engage, 78, Explore, 78, Explain, 79, Elaborate, 79, Evaluate, 79, ELL Support, 77, 78A, 21st Century Learning, 80,


47




(Continued) • The earth is the third planet form the sun

in a system that includes the moon, the sun, eight other planets and their moons, and smaller objects, such as asteroids and comets. The sun, an average star, is the central and largest body in the solar system.

(Continued) Professional Development Note, 78A, Response to Intervention, 79, Teacher Demo, 81, Lab Zone, 81A, Assess Your Understanding, 81B, Key Concept Summaries, 81C, Review and Reinforce, 81D, Enrich, 81E, Lesson Quiz, 81F, Teach with Visuals, Teach Key Concept, 80

• Most objects in the solar system are in regular and predictable motion. Those motions explain such phenomena as the day, the year, phases of the moon and eclipses.

M 5 SE/TE: 10-17, 22-27, Unlock the Big Question, 10, 22, Explore the Big Question, 27, My Planet Diary, 10, 22, Lab Zone, 10, 13, 17, 22, My Science On-Line, 23, 25, Vocabulary, 11, 23, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17, 23, 24, Figure, 10, 14, 17, 23, 25, 26, Apply it, 24, Do the Math, 17, Interactive Art, 15 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, My Science Online, 11, Check for Understanding, Support All Readers, 10, Engage, 10, Explore, 10, Explain, 11, Elaborate, 11, Evaluate, 11, ELL Support, 10A, 21st Century Learning, 12, Professional Development Note, 10A, Response to Intervention, 13, Lab Zone, 17A, Assess Your Understanding, 17B, Key Concept Summaries, 17C, Review and Reinforce, 17D, Enrich, 17E, Lesson Quiz, 17F, Teach with Visuals, 14, Teach Key Concept, 11, Address Misconceptions, Make Analogies, 12

• Gravity is the force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun and governs the rest of the motion in the solar system. Gravity alone holds us to the earth’s surface and explains the phenomena of the tides.

M 5 SE/TE: 18-21, Unlock the Big Question, 18, Unlock the Big Question, 18, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, 19, My Science On-Line, 19, 20, 21, Vocabulary, 19, 20, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 21, Do the Math, 20, Virtual Lab, 19 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 21, My Science Online, 20, Support All Readers, 18, Engage, 18, Explore, 18, Explain, 19, 20, Elaborate, 19, 20, 21, Evaluate, 19, 21, ELL Support, 18A, 19, 21st Century Learning, 20, Professional Development Note, 18A, Response to Intervention, 19, 21, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 21A, Assess Your Understanding, 21, 21B, Key Concept Summaries, 21C, Review and Reinforce, 21D, Enrich, 21E, Lesson Quiz, 21F


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• The sun is the major source of energy for phenomena on the earth’s surface, such as growth of plants, winds, ocean currents, and the water cycle. Season’s result form variations in the amount of the sun’s energy hitting the surface, due to the tilt of the earth’s rotation on its axis and the length of the day.

M 5 SE/TE: 14-17, Figure, 14, 16, My Science Online, 14, Interactive Art, 15, Do the Math, 17, Lab Zone, 17, Assess Your Understanding, 17 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 15, 17, My Science Online, 14, 16, Explain, 16, Elaborate, 15, 17, Evaluate, 17, ELL Support, 21st Century Learning, 16, Response to Intervention, 17, Teacher Demo, Teach with Visuals, 14, 15, Teach Key Concept, 14

CONTENT STANDARD E: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY E.1. As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an

understanding of abilities of technological design. • Identify appropriate problems for

technological design. Students should develop their abilities by identifying a specified need, considering its various aspects, and talking to different potential users or beneficiaries. They should appreciate that for some needs, the cultural backgrounds and beliefs of different groups can affect the criteria for a suitable product.

M 1 SE/TE: 124-131, My Science Online, 125, Unlock The Big Question, 124, My Planet Diary, 124, Lab Zone, 124, 131, Vocabulary, 125, Assess Your Understanding, 131, Figure, 125, 127, 131, Apply it, 128, Interactive Art, 130 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 126, 129, 130, My Science Online, 128, Support All Readers, 124, Engage, 124, Explore, 124, Explain, 125, 127, 128, 129, Elaborate, 127, 128, 129, 131, Evaluate, 131,ELL Support, 125, 21st Century Learning, 125, 127, Support the Big Q, 130, Response to Intervention, 131, Teacher Demo, 126, Lab Zone, 131A, Assess Your Understanding, 131B, Key Concept Summaries, 131C, Review and Reinforce, 131D, Enrich, 131E, Lesson Quiz, 131F, Teach Key Concept, 125


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• Design a solution or product. Students should make and compare different proposals in the light of the criteria they have selected. They must consider constraints—such as cost, time, trade-offs, and materials needed—and communicate ideas with drawings and simple models.


• Implement a proposed design. Students should organize materials and other resources, plan their work, make good use of group collaboration where appropriate, choose suitable tools and techniques, and work with appropriate measurement methods to ensure adequate accuracy.



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• Evaluate completed technological designs or products. Students should use criteria relevant to the original purpose or need, consider a variety of factors that might affect acceptability and suitability for intended users or beneficiaries, and develop measures of quality with respect to such criteria and factors. They should also suggest improvements and, for their own products, try proposed modifications.

M 1 SE/TE: 132-139, My Science Online, 133, 135, 137, Unlock The Big Question, 132, Explore the Big Question, 136, Answer the Big Question, 136, My Planet Diary, 132, Lab Zone, 132, 133, 139, Vocabulary, 133, Assess Your Understanding, 133, 139, Figure, 135, 138, Apply it, 137, Do the Math, 134 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 135, 139, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, 135, 137, Check for Understanding, Preteach Vocabulary, Preview Vocabulary, Support All Readers, 132, Engage, 132, Explore, 132, Explain, 133, 134, 135, 137, Elaborate, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, Evaluate, 133, 136, 139, ELL Support, 132A, 132, 21st Century Learning, 138, Professional Development Note, 132A, Response to Intervention, 133, 136, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 132B, 139A, Assess Your Understanding, 139B, Key Concept Summaries, 139C, Review and Reinforce, 139D, Enrich, 139E, Lesson Quiz, 139F

• Communicate the process of technological design. Students should review and describe any completed piece of work and identify the stages of problem identification, solution design, implementation, and evaluation.

M 1 SE/TE: 34-37, 42-47, The Big Question, 34, Untamed Science, 34, My Science Online, 35, 39, 43, 45, Check Your Understanding, 36, My Reading Web, 36, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 37, Unlock The Big Question, 38, 42, Explore the Big Question, 47, Answer the Big Question, 47, My Planet Diary, 38, 42, Lab Zone, 38, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, Vocabulary, 39, 43, Assess Your Understanding, 41, 43, 45, 47, Figure, 40, 46, Apply it, 41, 45, Real World Inquiry, 47 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 34, From the Author, 34, Differentiated Instruction, 35, 45, 47, Chapter at a Glance, 35, My Science Online, 35, 36, 46, Check for Understanding, 36, Preteach Vocabulary, 36, Preview Vocabulary, 37, Support All Readers, 42, Engage, 42, Explore, 42, Explain, 44, 46, Elaborate, 45, 47, Evaluate, 45, 47, ELL Support, 42A, 43, 21st Century Learning, Professional Development Note, 42A, 44, Response to Intervention, 45, 47, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 47A, Assess Your Understanding, 47B, Key Concept Summaries, 47C, Review and Reinforce, 47D, Enrich, 47E, Lesson Quiz, 47F, Teach Key Concept, 39


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E.2. As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an understanding of understanding about science and technology.

• Scientific inquiry and technological design

have similarities and differences. Scientists propose explanations for questions about the natural world, and engineers propose solutions relating to human problems, needs, and aspirations. Technological solutions are temporary; technologies exist within nature and so they cannot contravene physicals or biological principles; technological solutions have side effects; and technologies cost, carry risks, and provide benefits.

M 1 SE/TE: 112-115, 116-123, The Big Question, 112, Untamed Science, 112, My Science Online, 113, 117, 121, 123, Check Your Understanding, 114, My Reading Web, 114, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 115, Unlock The Big Question, 116, Explore the Big Question, 136, Answer the Big Question, 136, My Planet Diary, 116, Lab Zone, 116, 119, 121, 123, Vocabulary, 117, Assess Your Understanding, 119, 121, 123, Figure, 117, 121, Apply it, 122, Interactive Art, 118 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 112, From the Author, 112, Differentiated Instruction, 113, 119, 123, Chapter at a Glance, 113, My Science Online, 113, 118, Check for Understanding, 114, Preteach Vocabulary, 114, Preview Vocabulary, 115, Support All Readers, 116, Engage, 116, Explore, 116, Explain, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, Elaborate, 119, 120, 121, Evaluate, 119, 121, ELL Support, 115, 116A, 21st Century Learning, Professional Development Note, 116A, Response to Intervention, 119, 121, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 116B, 123A, Assess Your Understanding, 123B, Key Concept Summaries, 123C, Review and Reinforce, 123D, Enrich, 123E, Lesson Quiz, 123F, Teach with Visuals, 118, Teach Key Concept, 117


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• Many different people in different cultures have made and continue to make contributions to science and technology.

M 1 SE/TE: 33, 52-59, 151, Careers: Animal Researcher, 33, Unlock The Big Question, 52, My Planet Diary, 52, Lab Zone, 52, 55, 57, 59, My Science Online, 53, 57, 59, Interactive Art, 58, Vocabulary, 53, Do the Math, 55, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 57, 59, Apply it, 59 M 2 SE/TE: 10, 157, Careers: Volcanologist, 10, My Planet Diary, 10 M 3 SE/TE: 4, 18, 33, 61, Careers: Surveyors 33, My Planet Diary, 4, 18, 61 M 4 SE/TE: 18, 68, 69, 150, Careers: Aquanauts, 69, My Planet Diary, 18, 68, 150 TE: Support the Reader, 18, 150, Quick Facts, 68, Careers, 69 M 5 SE/TE: 121, Science and History, Astronomer, 121 M 6 SE/TE: 36, 92, 123, 207, Career: Ecologist, 36, My Planet Diary, 92, Lawyer, 123, Offshore engineer, 207 TE: Quick Facts, 36, Support All Readers, 92, Careers, 123, 207 M 7 SE/TE: 4, 6, 7, 68, 74, 108, 109, 166, Career: Athletic Trainer, 68, My Planet Diary, 74, 108, 166 TE: Support All Readers, 4, 166, 21st Century Learning, 6, 7, Differentiated Instruction, 7, Quick Facts, 68, 74, 108, Lead a Discussion, 109 M 8 SE/TE: 78, Career: Epidemiologist, 78 TE: Quick Facts, 78 M 9 SE/TE: 60, Kids Doing Science, 60 TE: Quick Facts, 60 M 10 SE/TE: 25, 46, 56, 80, 108, 156, My Planet Diary, 56, 80, Figure, 108, Career: Pharmacist, 156 TE: Quick Facts, 156, Support All Readers, 56, 80, M 11 64, 75, 137, 144, 218, 220, My Planet Diary, 44, 144, 218 TE: Support All Readers, 44 M 12, 54, My Planet Diary, 54 TE: Support All Readers, 54


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• Science and technology are reciprocal. Science helps drive technology as it addresses questions that demand more sophisticated instruments and provides principles for better instrumentation and technique. Technology is essential to science, because it provides instruments and techniques that enable observations of objects and phenomena that are otherwise unobservable die to factors such as quantity, distance, location, size, and speed. Technology also provides tools for investigations, inquiry, and analysis.

M 1 SE/TE: 112-115, 116-123, The Big Question, 112, Untamed Science, 112, My Science Online, 113, 117, 121, 123, Check Your Understanding, 114, My Reading Web, 114, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 115, Unlock The Big Question, 116, Explore the Big Question, 136, Answer the Big Question, 136, My Planet Diary, 116, Lab Zone, 116, 119, 121, 123, Vocabulary, 117, Assess Your Understanding, 119, 121, 123, Figure, 117, 121, Apply it, 122, Interactive Art, 118 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 112, From the Author, 112, Differentiated Instruction, 113, 119, 123, Chapter at a Glance, 113, My Science Online, 113, 118, Check for Understanding, 114, Preteach Vocabulary, 114, Preview Vocabulary, 115, Support All Readers, 116, Engage, 116, Explore, 116, Explain, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, Elaborate, 119, 120, 121, Evaluate, 119, 121, ELL Support, 115, 116A, 21st Century Learning, Professional Development Note, 116A, Response to Intervention, 119, 121, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 116B, 123A, Assess Your Understanding, 123B, Key Concept Summaries, 123C, Review and Reinforce, 123D, Enrich, 123E, Lesson Quiz, 123F, Teach with Visuals, 118, Teach Key Concept, 117

• Perfectly designed solutions do not exist. All technological solutions have tradeoffs, such as safety cost, efficiency, and appearance. Engineers often build in back-up systems to provide safety. Risk is part of living in a highly technological world. Reducing risk often results in new technology.

M 1 SE/TE: 132-139, My Science Online, 133, 135, 137, Unlock The Big Question, 132, Explore the Big Question, 136, Answer the Big Question, 136, My Planet Diary, 132, Lab Zone, 132, 133, 139, Vocabulary, 133, Assess Your Understanding, 133, 139, Figure, 135, 138, Apply it, 137, Do the Math, 134 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 135, 139, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, 135, 137, Check for Understanding, Preteach Vocabulary, Preview Vocabulary, Support All Readers, 132, Engage, 132, Explore, 132, Explain, 133, 134, 135, 137, Elaborate, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, Evaluate, 133, 136, 139, ELL Support, 132A, 132, 21st Century Learning, 138, Professional Development Note, 132A, Response to Intervention, 133, 136, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 132B, 139A, Assess Your Understanding, 139B, Key Concept Summaries, 139C, Review and Reinforce, 139D, Enrich, 139E, Lesson Quiz, 139F


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• Technological designs have constraints. Some constraints are unavoidable, for example, properties of materials, or effects of weather and friction; other constraints limit choices in the design, for example, environmental protections, human safety, and aesthetics.


• Technological solutions have intended benefits and unintended consequences. Some consequences can be predicted, others cannot.



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CONTENT STANDARD F: SCIENCE IN PERSONAL AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES F.1. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop

understanding of personal health. • Regular exercise is important to the

maintenance and improvement of health. The benefits of physical fitness include maintaining healthy weight, having energy and strength for routine activities, good muscle tone, bone strength, strong heart/lung systems, and improved mental health. Personal exercise, especially developing cardiovascular endurance, is the foundation of physical fitness.

M 9 SE/TE: 43, 49, 127, 133, Figure, 43, 49, My Science Online, 127, Lab Zone, 43, 49, 127, Assess Your Understanding, 43, 49, 127, Think Like a Scientist, 133 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 43, 49, 127, Explain, 127, Elaborate, 43, 49, 127, Evaluate, 43, 49, ELL Support, 21st Century Learning, 49, Response to Intervention, 43, 49, 127, Think Like a Scientist, 133

• The potential for accidents and the existence of hazards imposes the need for injury prevention. Safe living involves the development and use of safety precautions and the recognition of risk in personal decisions. Injury prevention has personal and social dimensions.

M 9 SE/TE: 60, 133, Kids and Science, 60Think Like a Scientist, 133

• The use of tobacco increases the risk of illness. Students should understand the influence of short-term social and psychological factors that lead to tobacco use, and the possible long-term detrimental effects of smoking and chewing tobacco.

M 9 SE/TE: 148-153, My Science Online, 149, 151, Unlock The Big Question, 148, My Planet Diary, 148, Lab Zone, 148, 150, 153, Vocabulary, 149, Assess Your Understanding, 150, 153, Apply it, 150, Do the Math, 145, Real World Inquiry, 149 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 151, 153, My Science Online, 150, Support All Readers, 148, Engage, 148, Explore, 148, Explain, 149, 150, 151, 152, Elaborate, 149, 150, 151, 153, Evaluate, 150, 153, ELL Support, 148A, Support All Readers, 149, 21st Century Learning, 149, Professional Development Note, 148A, 152, Response to Intervention, 150, 153, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 148B, 153A, Assess Your Understanding, 153B, Key Concept Summaries, 153C, Review and Reinforce, 153D, Enrich, 153E, Lesson Quiz, 153F, Teach with Visuals,152, Teach Key Concept, 149, 151, Address Misconceptions, 149


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• Alcohol and other drugs change how the body functions and can lead to addiction.

M 9 SE/TE: 240-247, My Science Online, 241, 245, 247, Unlock The Big Question, 240, My Planet Diary, 240, Lab Zone, 240, 243, 245, 247, Vocabulary, , 241, Assess Your Understanding, 243, 245, 247, Figure, 242, Apply it, 245, Do the Math, 233, Interactive Art, 244 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 243, 245, 247, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, 241, 244, Check for Understanding, Preteach Vocabulary, Preview Vocabulary, Support All Readers, 240, Engage, 240, Explore, 240, Explain, 242, 244, 246, Elaborate, 245, 247, Evaluate, 243, 245, 247, ELL Support, 240A, 241, 21st Century Learning, 243, Professional Development Note, 240A, Response to Intervention, 243, 245, 247, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 240B, 247A, Assess Your Understanding, 247B, Key Concept Summaries, 247C, Review and Reinforce, 247D, Enrich, 247E, Lesson Quiz, 247F, Teach with Visuals, 242, 244, 246, Teach Key Concept, 241, Address Misconceptions, 242

• Food provides energy and nutrients for growth and development. Nutrition requirements vary with body weight, age, sex, activity, and body functioning.

M 9 SE/TE: 62-65, 66-73, 74-79, The Big Question, 62, Untamed Science, 62, My Science Online, 63, 67, 69, 75, 79, Check Your Understanding, 64, My Reading Web, 64, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 65, Unlock The Big Question, 66, 74, My Planet Diary, 66, 74, Lab Zone, 66, 67, 73, 74, 77, 79, Vocabulary, 67, 75, Assess Your Understanding, 67, 73, 77, 79, Figure, 70, 72, 78, Apply it, 71, 77, 83, Interactive Art, 73, 74, Do the Math, 76 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 62, From the Author, 62, Differentiated Instruction, 63, 69, 71, 73, 77, 78, Chapter at a Glance, 63, My Science Online, 63, 67, 75, 76, Check for Understanding, 64, Preteach Vocabulary, 64, Preview Vocabulary, 65, Support All Readers, 66, 74, Engage, 66, 74, Explore, 66, 74, Explain, 67, 68, 70, 71, 73, 75, 78, Elaborate, 67, 69, 70, 71, 73, 76, 78, Evaluate, 67, 73, 77, 79, ELL Support, 65, 66A, 74A, 74, 21st Century Learning, 73, 79, Professional Development Note, 66A, 74A, Response to Intervention, 67, 73, 77, 79, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 66B, 73A, 74A, 79A, Assess Your Understanding, 73B, 79B, Key Concept


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(Continued) • Food provides energy and nutrients for

growth and development. Nutrition requirements vary with body weight, age, sex, activity, and body functioning.

(Continued) Summaries, 73C, 79C, Review and Reinforce, 73D, 79D, Enrich, 73E, 79E, Lesson Quiz, 73F, 79F, Teach with Visuals, 75, Teach Key Concept, 68, Build Inquiry, 69, Apply it, 71

• Sex drive is a natural human function that requires understanding. Sex is also a prominent means of transmitting diseases. The diseases can be prevented through a variety of precautions.

M 9 SE/TE: 186-189, My Science Online, 187, 189, Unlock The Big Question, 186, My Planet Diary, 186, Lab Zone, 186, 188, 189, Vocabulary, 187, Assess Your Understanding, 185, 188, 189, Figure, 188, 242, Apply it, 185, Do the Math, 187 TE: Chapter at a Glance, 189, My Science Online, 187, Support All Readers, 186, Engage, 186, Explore, 186, Explain, 187, 189, 188, Elaborate, 187, 188, 189, Evaluate, 188, 189, ELL Support, 186A, 187, 21st Century Learning, Professional Development Note, 186A, Response to Intervention, 188, 189A, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 186B, 189A, Assess Your Understanding, 189B, Key Concept Summaries, 189C, Review and Reinforce, 189D, Enrich, 189E, Lesson Quiz, 189F

• Natural environments may contain substances (for example, radon and lead) that are harmful to human beings. Maintaining environmental health involves establishing or monitoring quality standards related to use of soil, water, and air.

M 6 SE/TE: 142-151, Unlock The Big Question, 142, My Planet Diary, 142, Lab Zone, 142, Vocabulary, 143, Assess Your Understanding, 146, 149, 151, Figure, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, Apply it, 145, Interactive Art, 150, 151 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 145, 147, 149, 151, My Science Online, 142, 143, 144, 150, Engage, 142, Explore, 142, Support All Readers, Explain, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 150, Elaborate, 145, 146, 148,151, Evaluate, 146, 149, 151, ELL Support, 142A, 143, 21st Century Learning, 149, Professional Development Note, 142A, Response to Intervention, 146, 149, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 151A, Assess Your Understanding, 151B, Key Concept Summaries, 151C, Review and Reinforce, 151D, Enrich, 151E, Lesson Quiz, 151F, Teach with Visuals, 147, Address Misconceptions, 144, Make Analogies, 150, Apply it, 145


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F.2. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of populations, Resources, and environments.

• When an area becomes overpopulated,

the environment will become degraded due to the increased use of resources.

M 6 SE/TE: xx-3, 10-17, Big Ideas of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 11, 15, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 10, My Planet Diary, 10, Lab Zone, 10, 14, 17, Assess Your Understanding, 14, 17, Figure, 12, 15, Apply it, 14, 17, Do the Math, 11, Interactive Art, 13 TE: Introduce the Big Q, xx, From the Author, xx, Differentiated Instruction, 1, 11, 15, Chapter at a Glance, 1, My Science Online, 2, 5, Check for Understanding, 2, Preteach Vocabulary, 2, Preview Vocabulary, 3, Engage, 10, Explore, 10, Support All Readers, 10, Explain, 10, Elaborate, 10, 11, Evaluate, 5, 7, ELL Support, 3, 10A, 21st Century Learning, 6, Professional Development Note, 10A, Response to Intervention, 5, 7, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 17A, Assess Your Understanding, 17B, Key Concept Summaries, 17C, Review and Reinforce, 17D, Enrich, 17E, Lesson Quiz, 17F, Teach with Visuals, 6, Teach Key Concept, 11, 15

• Causes of environmental degradation and resource depletion vary from region to region and from country to country.

M 6 SE/TE: 82-85, 86-91, The Big Question, 82, Untamed Science, 82, My Science Online, 83, 87, Check Your Understanding, 84, My Reading Web, 84, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 85, Unlock The Big Question, 86, My Planet Diary, 86, Lab Zone, 86, 89, 91, Vocabulary, 87, Assess Your Understanding, 89, 91, Figure, 87, 88, Apply it, 90, Virtual Lab, Interactive Art, 91 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 82, From the Author, 82, Differentiated Instruction, 83, 89, 91, Chapter at a Glance, 83, My Science Online, 83, 87, 90, Check for Understanding, 84, Preteach Vocabulary, 84, Preview Vocabulary, 85, Support All Readers, 86, Engage, 86, Explore, 86, Explain, 87, 88, 90, Elaborate, 87, 89, 90, Evaluate, 87, 89, 91, ELL Support, 84, 85, 86A, 87, 21st Century Learning, 88, 90, Professional Development Note, 86A, 88, Response to Intervention, 89, 91, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 86B, 91A, Assess Your Understanding, 91B, Key Concept Summaries, 91C, Review and Reinforce, 91D, Enrich, 91E, Lesson Quiz, 91F


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F.3. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of natural hazards.

• Internal and external processes of the

earth system cause natural hazards, events that change or destroy human and wildlife habitats, damage property, and harm or kill humans. Natural hazards include earthquakes, landslides, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, floods, storms, and even possible impacts of asteroids.

M 3 SE/TE: 122-133, 135, Explore the Big Question, 122-123, Figure, 122-133, 135, My Science Online, 135 TE: Explore the Big Question, 122-123, My Science Online, 135, ELL Support, 135, 21st Century Learning, 122, Response to Intervention, 123, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 123, Assess Your Understanding, 123, Teach with Visuals, 135, Teach Key Concept, 135

• Human activities also can induce hazards through resource acquisition, urban growth, land-use decisions, and waste disposal. Such activities can accelerate many natural changes.

M 6 SE/TE: 124-127, 128-133, The Big Question, 124, Untamed Science, 124, My Science Online, 125, 129, 131, Check Your Understanding, 126, My Reading Web, 126, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 127, Unlock The Big Question, 128, My Planet Diary, 128, Lab Zone, 128, 129, 133, Vocabulary, 129, Assess Your Understanding, 129, 133, Figure, 130, 131, 133, Apply it, 112, 132 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 124, From the Author, 124, Differentiated Instruction, 125, 131, 133, Chapter at a Glance, 125, My Science Online, 125, 126, 129, 132, Check for Understanding, 126, Preteach Vocabulary, 126, Preview Vocabulary, 127, Support All Readers, 128, Engage, 128, Explore, 128, Explain, 129, 130, 132, Elaborate, 131, 132, Evaluate, 129, ELL Support, 127, 128A, 129, 21st Century Learning, 130, 133, Professional Development Note, 128A, 130, Response to Intervention, 129, 133, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 133A, Assess Your Understanding, 133B, Key Concept Summaries, 133C, Review and Reinforce, 133D, Enrich, 133E, Lesson Quiz, 133F, Teach with Visuals, 131, Teach Make Analogies, 131


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• Natural hazards can present personal and societal challenges because misidentifying the change or incorrectly estimation the rate and scale of change may result in either too little attention, and significant human costs or too much cost for unneeded preventive measures.

M 2 SE/TE: 118-123, My Science Online, 117, 119, 121, Unlock The Big Question, 118, Explore the Big Question, 122, Answer the Big Question, 123, My Planet Diary, 118, Lab Zone, 118, 120, 123, Vocabulary, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 120, 123, Figure, 119, Apply it, 121 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 121, My Science Online, 119, Engage, 118, Explore, 118, Support All Readers, 118, Explain, 119, Elaborate, 121, Evaluate, 123, ELL Support, 119, 21st Century Learning, 122, Note, Response to Intervention, 123, Lab Zone, 123A, Assess Your Understanding, 120, 123B, Key Concept Summaries, 123C, Review and Reinforce, 123D, Enrich, 123E, Lesson Quiz, 123F, Teach with Visuals, 120, Teach Key Concept, 121

F.4. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of risks and benefits.

• Risk analysis considers the type of hazard

and estimates the number of people that might be exposed and the number likely to suffer consequences. The results are used to determine the options for reducing or eliminating risks.

M 2 SE/TE: 118-123, My Science Online, 117, 119, 121, Unlock The Big Question, 118, Explore the Big Question, 122, Answer the Big Question, 123, My Planet Diary, 118, Lab Zone, 118, 120, 123, Vocabulary, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 120, 123, Figure, 119, Apply it, 121 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 121, My Science Online, 119, Engage, 118, Explore, 118, Support All Readers, 118, Explain, 119, Elaborate, 121, Evaluate, 123, ELL Support, 119, 21st Century Learning, 122, Note, Response to Intervention, 123, Lab Zone, 123A, Assess Your Understanding, 120, 123B, Key Concept Summaries, 123C, Review and Reinforce, 123D, Enrich, 123E, Lesson Quiz, 123F, Teach with Visuals, 120, Teach Key Concept, 121


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• Students should understand the risks associated with natural hazards (fires, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruption), with chemical hazards (pollutants in air, water, soil, and food), with biological hazards (pollen, viruses, bacterial, and parasites), social hazards (occupational safety and transportation), and with personal hazards (smoking, dieting, and drinking).

M 2 SE/TE: 98-101, 110-117, 138-145, The Big Question, 98, Untamed Science, 98, My Science Online, 99, 111, 115, 117, 139, 145, Check Your Understanding, 100, My Reading Web. 100, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 101, Unlock The Big Question, 110, 138, Explore the Big Question, 145, My Planet Diary, 110, 138, Lab Zone, 115, 117, 138, 143, 145, Vocabulary, 111, 139, Assess Your Understanding, 115, 117, 143, 145, Figure, 106, 108, 109, 112, 141, 142, 143, Apply it, 111, Do the Math, 116, Interactive Art, 114, 139 TE: Engage, 110, 138, Explore, 110, 138, Explain, 111, 139, Elaborate, 113, 140, Evaluate, 113, Apply it. 111. 21st Century, Learning, 112, 142, Differentiate Instruction, 113, Teach Key Concepts, 114, Response to Intervention, 117, 143, Professional Development Note, 116, Teach with Visuals, 141, Lab Zone, 117A, 145A, Assess Your Understanding, 117B-C, 145B, Key Concept Summaries, 117D-E, 145C, Enrich, 117F, 145E, Lesson Quiz, 117G, 145F M 9 SE/TE: 148-153, 166-169, 170-177, The Big Question, 166, Untamed Science, 166, My Science Online, 149, 151, 167, 175, Check Your Understanding, 168. My Reading Web, 168, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 169, Unlock The Big Question, 148, 170, My Planet Diary, 148, 170, Lab Zone, 148, 150, 153, 170, 173, 177, Vocabulary, 149, 171, Assess Your Understanding, 150, 153, 173, 177, Figure, 172, 173, Apply it, 150, 176, Virtual Lab, 174, Do the Math, 145, Real World Inquiry, 149 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 166, Support the Big Q, 172, From the Author, 166, Differentiated Instruction, 151, 153, 167, 173, 175, 177, Chapter at a Glance, 167, My Science Online, 150, 168, 171, Check for Understanding, 168, Preteach Vocabulary, 168, Preview Vocabulary, 169, Support All Readers, 148, 170, Engage, 170, Explore, 170, Explain, 149, 150, 151, 152, 171, 172, 174, 176, Elaborate, 149, 150, 151, 153, 173, 171,175, 176, Evaluate, 150, 153, 171, 173, ELL Support, 169, 170A, 21st Century Learning, 171, 175, Professional Development Note, 170A, Response to Intervention, 150, 153, 173, 177, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 148B, 153A, 170B, 177A, Assess Your Understanding,


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(Continued) • Students should understand the risks

associated with natural hazards (fires, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruption), with chemical hazards (pollutants in air, water, soil, and food), with biological hazards (pollen, viruses, bacterial, and parasites), social hazards (occupational safety and transportation), and with personal hazards (smoking, dieting, and drinking).

(Continued) 153B, 177B, Key Concept Summaries, 153C, 177C, Review and Reinforce, 153D, 177D, Enrich, 153E, 177E, Lesson Quiz, 153F, 177F, Teach with Visuals, 172, 174, Teach Key Concept, 149, 151, Address Misconceptions, 149, 176

• Individuals can use a systematic approach to thinking critically about risks and benefits. Examples include applying probability estimates to risks and comparing them to estimated personal and social benefits.

M 3 SE/TE: 121-123, Explore the Big Question, 122-123, Lab Zone, 123, Assess Your Understanding, 123 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 123, My Science Online, 122, Engage, Explore the Big Question, 122, Evaluate, 123 ELL Support, 21st Century Learning, 122, Response to Intervention, 123

• Important personal and social decisions are made based on perceptions of benefits and risks.

M 1 SE/TE: 12-13, Apply it, 13, Lab Zone, 13, Assess Your Understanding, 13 TE: Teach with Visuals, 12, Address Misconceptions, 12, Support the Big Q, 12, Make Analogies, 13, Apply it, 13, Assess Your Understanding, 13, Response to Intervention, 13

F.5. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of science and Technology in society.

• Science influences society through its

knowledge and world-view. Scientific knowledge and the procedures used by scientist’s influence the way many individuals in society think about themselves, others, and the environment. The effect of science on society is neither entirely beneficial nor entirely detrimental.

M 1 SE/TE: 34-37, 38-41, 48-51, The Big Question, 34, Untamed Science, 34, My Science Online, 35, 39, 49, Check Your Understanding, 36, My Reading Web, 36, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 37, Unlock The Big Question, 38, 48, My Planet Diary, 38, 48, Lab Zone, 38, 41, 48, 51, Vocabulary, 39, 39, 43, 49, 53,Assess Your Understanding, 41, 47, 51, Figure, 40, Apply it, 41, 51 TE: Introduce the Big Q, 34, From the Author, 34, Differentiated Instruction, 35, 41, 51, Chapter at a Glance, 35, My Science Online, 35, 39, 40, 49, Check for Understanding, 36, Preteach Vocabulary, 36, Preview Vocabulary, 37, Support All Readers, 38, 48, Engage, 38, 48, Explore, 38, 48, Explain, 39, 40, 49, 50, Elaborate, 40, 50, Evaluate, 41, 51, ELL Support, 38, 37, 39, 48A, 21st Century


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(Continued) • Science influences society through its

knowledge and world-view. Scientific knowledge and the procedures used by scientist’s influence the way many individuals in society think about themselves, others, and the environment. The effect of science on society is neither entirely beneficial nor entirely detrimental.

(Continued) Learning, 39, 51, Professional Development Note, 34, 38A, 48A, Response to Intervention, 41, 51, Apply it, 41, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 38B, 41A, 48A, 51A, Assess Your Understanding, 41B, 51B, Key Concept Summaries, 41C, 51C, Review and Reinforce, 41D, 51D, Enrich, 41E, 51E, Lesson Quiz, 41F, 51F, Make Analogies, 49

• Societal challenges often inspire questions for scientific research, and social priorities often influence research priorities through the availability of funding for research.

M 1 SE/TE: 64, Technology and Society, 64 TE: Quick Facts, 64 M 2 SE/TE: 27, 70, 128, Science and Society, 27, 70, Technology and Society, 128 TE: Quick Facts, 27, 70, 128 M 3 SE/TE: 60, Museum of Science, 60 TE: Quick Facts, 60 M 4 SE/TE: 34, 68, Science and Society, 34, 68 TE: Quick Facts, 34, 68 M 5 SE/TE: 121, Science and History, 121 TE: Quick Facts, 121 M 6 SE/TE: 80, 122, 134-141, 172, 173, Museum of Science, 80, Think Like a Scientist, 122, 173, Technology and Society, 172 TE: Quick Facts, 80, 122, 172 M 7 SE/TE: 4, 38, 39, 74, 108, 129, 160, 161, My Planet Diary, 4, 74, 108, Technology and History, 38, Science and Society, 39, Kids Doing Science, 129, Museum of Science, 160, Technology and Society, 161 TE: Support All Reader, 4, 74, 108, Quick Facts, 38, 39, 129, 160, 161 M 8 SE/TE: 78, 132, 133, 201, Careers, 78, Everyday Science, 132, Frontiers of Technology, 133, 201 TE: Quick Facts, 78, 132, 201 M 9 SE/TE: 31, 61, 96, 97, 132, 133, 208, 209, Hot Science, 31, Technology and Society, 61, Think Like a Scientist, 96, Frontiers of Technology, 97, 132, Think Like a Scientist, 133, Museum of Science, 208, Science and History, 209


64




(Continued) • Societal challenges often inspire questions

for scientific research, and social priorities often influence research priorities through the availability of funding for research.

(Continued) M 10 SE/TE: 72, 156, 157, 193, My Planet Diary, 72, Careers, 156, Everyday Scientist, 157, Think Like a Scientist, 193 TE: Quick Facts, 72, Quick Facts, 156, 157, 193 M 11 SE/TE: 4, 44, 64, 65,102, 103, 130, 152, 153,190, 191, My Planet Diary, 4, 44, Science and Society, 64, Hot Science, 65, Frontiers of Technology, 102, 152, Technology and Society, 103, Museum of Science, 130, Everyday Science, 153, Think Like a Scientist, 190, 191 TE: Quick Facts, 64, 65,102, 103, 130, 152, 153,190, 191, Support All Readers, 4, 44 M 12 SE/TE: 62, 63, 92, 93, Science and Society, 62, Careers, 63, Museum of Science, 92, Think Like a Scientist, 93 TE: Quick Facts, 62, 92, 93, Support All Readers, 63

• Technology influences society through its products and processes. Technology influences the quality of life and the ways people act and interact. Technological changes are often accompanied by social, political, and economic changes that can be beneficial or detrimental to individuals and to society. Social needs, attitudes, and values influence the direction of technological development.

M 1 SE/TE: 65, 64, 150, 111, Science and Society, 65, Think Like a Scientist, 64, Museum of Science, 150, Science and History, 111 TE: Quick Facts, 65, 64, 150, 111 M 2 SE/TE: 27, 71, 128, Science and Society, 27, Everyday Science, 71, Technology and Society, 128 TE: Quick Facts, 27, 71, 128 M 3 SE/TE: 32, 33, 60, Science and Society, 32, Science and History, 33, Museum of Science, 60 27, 71, 128 TE: Quick Facts, 32, 33, 60 M 4 SE/TE: 161, 201, Frontiers of Technology, 201, Think Like a Scientist, 161 TE: Quick Facts, 161, 201 M 5 SE/TE: 40, Hot Science, 40 TE: Quick Facts, 40 M 6 SE/TE: 80, 172, 206, 207, Museum of Science, 80, Technology and Society, 172, 206, Frontiers of Technology, 207 TE: Quick Facts, 80, 172, 206, 207


65




(Continued) • Technology influences society through its

products and processes. Technology influences the quality of life and the ways people act and interact. Technological changes are often accompanied by social, political, and economic changes that can be beneficial or detrimental to individuals and to society. Social needs, attitudes, and values influence the direction of technological development.

(Continued) M 7 SE/TE: 38, 39, 69, 160, 161, Technology and History, 38, Science and Society, 39, Hot Science, 69, Technology and Society, 161, Museum of Science, 160 TE: Quick Facts, 80, 172, 206, 207 M 8 SE/TE: 34, 35, 79, 169, 285, Science and Society, 79, Hot Science, 169, Think Like a Scientist, 34, Everyday Science, 35, Kids and Science, 285 TE: Quick Facts, 80, 172, 206, 207 M 9 SE/TE: 30, 61, 97, 132, 164, 165, 209, 252, 253, 286, 287, Technology and Society, 61, Science and Society, 165, Hot Science, 253, Frontiers of Technology, 97, 132, 287, Science and History, 209, Everyday Science, 30, 164, 252, 286 TE: Quick Facts, 30, 61, 97, 132, 164, 165, 209, 252, 253, 286, 287 M 10 SE/TE: 67, 157, 193, Hot Science, 67, Technology and Society, 157, Everyday Science, 157, Think Like a Scientist, 193 TE: Quick Facts, 67, 157, 193 M 11 SE/TE: 64, 103, 230, 231, Science and Society, 64, Technology and History, 231, Technology and Society, 103, 230 TE: Quick Facts, 64, 103, 230, 231 M 12 SE/TE: 62, Science and Society, 62 TE: Quick Facts, 62


66




• Science and technology have advanced through contributions of many different people, in different cultures, at different times in history. Science and technology have contributed enormously to economic growth and productivity among societies and groups within societies.

M 1 SE/TE: 18, 48, 50, 116, My Planet Diary, 18, 48, 50, 116 TE: Support All Readers, 18, 48, 50, 116 M 2 SE/TE: 76, My Planet Diary, 76 TE: Support All Readers, 76, M 3 SE/TE: 4, My Planet Diary, 4 TE: Support All Readers, 4 M 5 SE/TE: 20, 32, 80, 81, 121, 140, 155, Figure, 80, 81, 140, Science and History, 121 TE: Quick Fact, 121, M 6 SETE: 92, My Planet Diary, 92 TE: Support All Readers, 92 M 7 SE/TE: 6, 74, 108, 109, 166, Figure, 6, Lab Zone, 6, Assess Your Understanding, 6, My Planet Diary, 74, 108, 166 TE: Support All Readers, 74, 108, 166 M 8 SE/TE: 9, 10, 40, 71, My Science Online, 71, My Planet Diary, 40, Figure, 9, Interactive Art, 10, Apply it, 71 TE: Support All Readers, 40 M 9 SE/TE: 171, 172, 173, Figure, 171, 172, 173 M 10 SE/TE: 25, 35, 56, 59, 73, 74, 75, 77, 108, 146, Hot Science, 35, My Planet Diary, 56, 146, Figure, 74, 73, 75, My Science Online, 73, 77 TE: Support All Readers, 56, 146 M 11 SE/TE: 33, 47, 73, 137, 175, 231, Do the Math, 33, 73, Figure, 137, 220, Virtual Lab, 175, My Science Online, 175, Technology and History, 231 TE: Quick Facts, 231


67




• Scientists and engineers work in many different settings, including colleges and universities, businesses and industries, specific research institutes, and government agencies.

M 1 SE/TE: 52-59, Unlock The Big Question, 52, Explore the Big Question, 47, Answer the Big Question, 47, My Planet Diary, 52, Lab Zone, 52, 55, 57, 59, Vocabulary, 53, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 57, 59, Figure, 53, 54, Apply it, 59, Do the Math, 55, Interactive Art, 58, Technology and Society, 64, Science and Society, 65 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 55, 57, 59, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, 53, 54, 58, Check for Understanding, Preteach Vocabulary, Preview Vocabulary, Support All Readers, 52, Engage, 52, Explore, 52, Explain, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, Elaborate, 54, 55, 57, 58, Evaluate, 57, 59, ELL Support, 52A, 53, 21st Century Learning, Professional Development Note, 52A, Response to Intervention, 55, 57, 59, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 52B, 59A, Assess Your Understanding, 59B, Key Concept Summaries, 59C, Review and Reinforce, 59D, Enrich, 59E, Lesson Quiz, 59F, Teach with Visuals, 53, Teach Key Concept, Address Misconceptions, 57, Make Analogies, 56

• Scientists and engineers have ethical codes requiring that human subjects involved with research be fully informed about risks and benefits associated with the research before the individuals choose to participate. This ethic extends to potential risks to communities and property. In short, prior knowledge and consent are required for research involving human subjects or potential damage to property.

M 1 SE/TE: 12, Figure, 12 TE: Explain, 12, Teach with Visuals, 12, Address Misconceptions, 12, My Science Online, 12


68




• Science cannot answer all questions and technology cannot solve all human problems or meet all human needs. Students should understand the difference between scientific and other questions. They should appreciate what science and technology can reasonably contribute to society and what they cannot do. For example, new technologies often will decrease some risks and increase with others.

M 1 SE/TE: 1-3, 10-17, 132-139, 140-145, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock the Big Question, 10, 132, 140, My Planet Diary, 10, 132, 140, Vocabulary, 11, 14, 141, My Science Online, 11, 133, 135, 137, 143, 145, Explore the Big Question, 136, Answer the Big Question, 136, Apply It, 13, 14, 141, Lab Zone, 13, 17, 132, 133, 139, 140, 141, 143, 145, Interactive Art, 16, Figure, 135, 138, Do The Math, 134, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17, 133, 139, 141, 143, 145 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, 15, 17, 135, 137, 138, 142, 145, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, 11, 12, 14, 16, 133, 134, 136, 137, 141, Check for Understanding, Preteach Vocabulary, Preview Vocabulary, Support All Readers, 10, 132, 140, Engage, 10, 132, 140, Explore, 10, 132, 140, Explain, 11, 12, 14, 16, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 141, 142, 143, Elaborate, 13, 14, 15, 17, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 145, Evaluate, 17, 136,139, 141, 142, 145, ELL Support, 11, 132A, 132, 141, 21st Century Learning, 15, 16, Professional Development Note, 132A Response to Intervention, 13, 17, 133, 136, 139, 145, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 17A, 132B, 139A,Assess Your Understanding, 17B, 139B,Key Concept Summaries, 17C, 139C, Review and Reinforce, 17D, 139D, Enrich, 17E, 139E, Lesson Quiz, 17F, 139F, Teach with Visuals, 138, 142, 144, Support the Big Q, 144, Teach Key Concept, 11, Address Misconceptions, 12, Support the Big Q, 12, Apply it, 13


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CONTENT STANDARD G: HISTORY AND NATURE OF SCIENCE G.1. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop

understanding of science as a human endeavor. • Women and men of various social and

ethnic backgrounds—and with diverse interests, talents, qualities, and motivations—engage in the activities of science, engineering, and related fields such as the health professions. Some scientists work in teams, and some work alone, but all communicate extensively with others.

M 1 SE/TE: 33, 52-59, 151, Careers: Animal Researcher, 33, Unlock The Big Question, 52, My Planet Diary, 52, Lab Zone, 52, 55, 57, 59, My Science Online, 53, 57, 59, Interactive Art, 58, Vocabulary, 53, Do the Math, 55, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 57, 59, Apply it, 59 TE: Quick Facts, 33 M 2 SE/TE: 10, 157, Careers: Volcanologist, 10, My Planet Diary, 10 TE: Quick Facts, 10, Support All Readers, 157 M 3 SE/TE: 33, Careers: Surveyors 33 TE: Quick Facts, 33 M 4 SE/TE: 18, 68, 69, 150, Careers: Aquanauts, 69, My Planet Diary, 18, 68, 150 TE: Support All Readers, 18, 68, 150, Quick Facts, 69 M 5 SE/TE: 121, Science and History, Astronomer, 121 TE: Quick Facts, 121 M 6 SE/TE: 36, 123, 207, Career: Ecologist, 36, Lawyer, 123, Offshore engineer, 207 TE: Quick Facts, 36, 123, 207 M 7 SE/TE: 68, Career: Athletic Trainer, 68 TE: Quick Facts, 68 M 8 SE/TE: 78, Career: Epidemiologist, 78 TE: Quick Facts, 78 M 10 SE/TE: 156, Career: Pharmacist, 156 TE: Quick Facts, 156

• Science requires different abilities, depending on such factors as the field of study and type of inquiry. Science is very much a human endeavor, and the work of science relies on basic human qualities, such as reasoning, insight, energy, skill, and creativity—as well as on scientific habits of mind, such as intellectual honesty, tolerance of ambiguity, skepticism, and openness to new ideas.

M 1 SE/TE: 52-59, Unlock The Big Question, 52, Explore the Big Question, 47, Answer the Big Question, 47, My Planet Diary, 52, Lab Zone, 52, 55, 57, 59, Vocabulary, 53, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 57, 59, Figure, 53, 54, Apply it, 59, Do the Math, 55, Interactive Art, 58, Technology and Society, 64, Science and Society, 65


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(Continued) • Science requires different abilities,

depending on such factors as the field of study and type of inquiry. Science is very much a human endeavor, and the work of science relies on basic human qualities, such as reasoning, insight, energy, skill, and creativity—as well as on scientific habits of mind, such as intellectual honesty, tolerance of ambiguity, skepticism, and openness to new ideas.

(Continued) TE: The Differentiated Instruction, 55, 57, 59, My Science Online, 52, 54, 58, Engage, 52, Explore, 52, Explain, 53, 54, 55, Elaborate, 54, 57, Evaluate, 55, ELL Support, 53, 21st Century Learning, 58, Response to Intervention, 55, 57, 59, Teacher Demo, 54, Lab Zone, 59A, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 59B, Key Concept Summaries, 59C, Review and Reinforce, 59D, Enrich, 59E, Lesson Quiz, 59F, Teach with Visuals, 53, Do the Math, 55, Teach Key Concept, 56, 58, Address Misconceptions, 57, 57, 59, Make Analogies, 56, Apply it, 59

G.2. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of nature of science.

• Scientists formulate and test their

explanations of nature using observation, experiments, and theoretical and mathematical models. Although all scientific ideas are tentative and subject to change and improvement in principle, for most major ideas in science, there is much experimental and observational confirmation. Those ideas are not likely to change greatly in the future. Scientists do hand have changed their ideas about nature when they encounter new experimental evidence that does not match their existing explanations.

M 1 SE/TE: 10-17, 18-27, Big Ideas of Science, xxiii, The Big Question, xx, Untamed Science, xx, My Science Online, 11, 15, 19, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web,2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 10, 18, My Planet Diary, 10, 18, Lab Zone, 10, 13, 17, 18, 20, 26, 27, Vocabulary, 11, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17, 20, 26, 27, Figure, 11, 12, 15, 19, 22, 25, 27, Apply it, 13, 14, 17, 21, Interactive Art, 16, Do the Math, 23, Virtual Lab, 24 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, 25, 27, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 19, 18, Engage, 10, 18, Explore, 10, 18, Explain, 11, 12, 16, 20, 21, Elaborate, 15, 20, Evaluate, 20, ELL Support, 11, 18A, 19, 21st Century Learning, 15, 16, 19, 25, Professional Development Notes, 18A, 20, Response to Intervention, 13, 17, 20, 26, Teacher Demo, 22, Lab Zone, 17A, 18B, 27A, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17B, 27B, Key Concept Summaries, 17C, 27C, Review and Reinforce, 17D, 27D, Enrich, 17E, 27E, Lesson Quiz, 17F, 27F, Teach with Visuals, 24, Teach Key Concept, 11, 14, 19, Address Misconceptions, 12, 23, Make Analogies, 13, Support the Big Q, 12, Apply it, 13, 14, 17, 21, Do the Math, 23


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• In areas where active research is being pursued and in which there is not a great deal of experimental or observational evidence and understanding it is normal for scientists to differ with one another about the interpretation of the evidence or theory being considered. Different scientists might publish conflicting experimental results or might draw different conclusions from the same data. Ideally, scientists acknowledge such conflict and work towards finding evidence that will resolve their disagreement.

M 1 SE/TE: 10-17,Big Ideas of Science, xxiii, The Big Question, xx, Untamed Science, xx, My Science Online, 11, 15, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 10, 18, My Planet Diary, 10, 18, Lab Zone, 10, 13, 17, Vocabulary, 11, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17, Figure, 11, 12, 15, Apply it, 13, 14, 17, Interactive Art, 16 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, 15, 17, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, Engage, 10, Explore, 10, Explain, 11, 12, 16, Elaborate, 15, Evaluate, ELL Support, 11, 21st Century Learning, 15, 16, Response to Intervention, 13, 17, Teacher Demo, Lab Zone, 17A, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17B, Key Concept Summaries, 17C, Review and Reinforce, 17D, Enrich, 17E, Lesson Quiz, 17F, Teach with Visuals, Teach Key Concept, 11, 14, Address Misconceptions, 12, Make Analogies, 13, Support the Big Q, 12, Apply it, 13, 14, 17

• It is part of scientific inquiry to evaluate the results of scientific investigations, experiments, observations, theoretical models, and the explanations proposed by other scientists. Evaluation includes reviewing the experimental procedures, examining the evidence, identifying faulty reasoning, pointing out statements that go beyond the evidence and suggesting alternative explanations for the same observations. Although scientists may disagree about explanations of phenomena, about interpretations of data, or about the value of rival theories, they do agree that questioning, response to criticism, and open communication are integral to the process of science. As scientific knowledge evolves, major disagreements are eventually resolved through such interactions between scientists.

M 1 SE/TE: 10-17, 18-27, Big Ideas of Science, xxiii, The Big Question, xx, Untamed Science, xx, My Science Online, 11, 15, 19, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web,2, Vocabulary Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 10, 18, My Planet Diary, 10, 18, Lab Zone, 10, 13, 17, 18, 20, 26, 27, Vocabulary, 11, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17, 20, 26, 27, Figure, 11, 12, 15, 19, 22, 25, 27, Apply it, 13, 14, 17, 21, Interactive Art, 16, Do the Math, 23, Virtual Lab, 24 TE: Differentiated Instruction, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, 25, 27, Chapter at a Glance, My Science Online, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 19, 18, Engage, 10, 18, Explore, 10, 18, Explain, 11, 12, 16, 20, 21, Elaborate, 15, 20, Evaluate, 20, ELL Support, 11, 18A, 19, 21st Century Learning, 15, 16, 19, 25, Professional Development Notes, 18A, 20, Response to Intervention, 13, 17, 20, 26, Teacher Demo, 22, Lab Zone, 17A, 18B, 27A, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17B, 27B, Key Concept Summaries, 17C, 27C, Review and Reinforce, 17D, 27D, Enrich, 17E, 27E, Lesson Quiz, 17F, 27F, Teach with Visuals, 24, Teach Key Concept, 11, 14, 19, Address Misconceptions, 12, 23, Make Analogies, 13, Support the Big Q, 12, Apply it, 13, 14, 17, 21, Do the Math, 23


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G.3. As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of history of science.

• Many individuals have contributed to the

traditions of science. Studying some of these individuals provides further under standing of scientific inquiry, science as a human endeavor, the nature of science, and the relationships between science and society.

M 1 SE/TE: 33, 52-59, 151, Careers: Animal Researcher, 33, Unlock The Big Question, 52, My Planet Diary, 52, Lab Zone, 52, 55, 57, 59, My Science Online, 53, 57, 59, Interactive Art, 58, Vocabulary, 53, Do the Math, 55, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 57, 59, Apply it, 59 TE: Support All Readers, 33 M 2 SE/TE: 10, 157, Careers: Volcanologist, 10, My Planet Diary, 10 TE: Support All Readers, 10, Quick Facts, 157 M 3 SE/TE: 4, 18, 33, 61, Careers: Surveyors 33, My Planet Diary, 4, 18, 61 TE: Quick Facts, 33, Support All Readers, 4, 18, 61 M 4 SE/TE: 18, 68, 69, 150, Careers: Aquanauts, 69, My Planet Diary, 18, 68, 150 TE: Engage, 18, 68, 150, Explore, 18, 68, 150 M 5 SE/TE: 121, Science and History, Astronomer, 121 TE: Quick Facts, 121 M 6 SE/TE: 36, 92, 123, 207, Career: Ecologist, 36, My Planet Diary, 92, Lawyer, 123, Offshore engineer, 207 TE: Support All Readers, 36, 123, 207, Quick Facts, 92 M 7 SE/TE: 4, 6, 7, 68, 74, 108, 109, 166, Career: Athletic Trainer, 68, My Planet Diary, 74, 108, TE: Support All Readers, 68, Quick Facts, 74, 108 M 8 SE/TE: 78, Career: Epidemiologist, 78 TE: Support All Readers, 78 M 9 SE/TE: 60, Kids Doing Science, 60 TE: Quick Facts, 60 M 10 SE/TE: 25, 46, 56, 80, 108, 156, My Planet Diary, 56, 80, Figure, 108, Career: Pharmacist, 156 TE: Quick Facts, 156, Support All Readers, 56, 80


73




• M 11 SE/TE: 64, 75, 137, 144, 218, 220, My Planet Diary, 44, 144, 218, M 12, 54, My Planet Diary, 54 TE: Support All Readers, 64, 75, 137, 144, 218, 220 M 12 SE/TE: 54, My Planet Diary, 54 TE: Support All Readers, 54

• In historical perspective, science has been practiced by different individuals in different cultures. In looking at the history of many peoples, one finds that scientists and engineers of high achievement are considered to be among the most valued contributors to their vulture.

M 1 SE/TE: 18, 48, 50, 116, My Planet Diary, 18, 48, 50, 116 TE: Engage, 18, 48, 50, 116, Explore, 18, 48, 50, 116 M 2 SE/TE: 76, My Planet Diary, 76 TE: Engage, 76, Explore, 76 M 3 SE/TE: 4, My Planet Diary, 4 TE: Engage, 4, Explore, 4 M 5 SE/TE: 32, 80-81, 121, 140, 155, My Planet Diary, 32, Figure, 80-81, 140,Lab Zone, 81, Assess Your Understanding, 81, Science and History, 121 TE: Engage, 32, Explore, 32, Support All Reading, 32, Teach Key Concepts, 80, 140, Teach with Visuals, 81, Support the Big Q, 81, Differentiated Instruction, 81, Response to Intervention, 81 M 6 SE/TE: 92, My Planet Diary, 92 TE: Engage, 92, Explore, 92 M 7 SE/TE: 6, 74, 108, 109, 166, Figure, 6, Lab Zone, 6, Assess Your Understanding, 6, My Planet Diary, 74, 108, 166 TE: Engage, 74, 108, 166, Explore, 74, 108, 166 M 8 SE/TE: 9, 10, 40, 71, My Science Online, 71, My Planet Diary, 40, Figure, 9, Interactive Art, 10, Apply it, 71 TE: Engage, 40, Explore, 40 M 9 SE/TE: 171, 172, 173, Figure, 171, 172, 173 TE: Introduce Vocabulary, 171, Teach Key Concepts, 172, Teach with Visuals, 172, 173, Response to Intervention, 173


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(Continued) • In historical perspective, science has been

practiced by different individuals in different cultures. In looking at the history of many peoples, one finds that scientists and engineers of high achievement are considered to be among the most valued contributors to their vulture.

(Continued) M 10 SE/TE: 25, 35, 56, 59, 73, 74, 75, 77, 108, 146, Hot Science, 35, My Planet Diary, 56, 146, Figure, 74, 73, 75, My Science Online, 73, 77 TE: Engage, 56, 146, Explore, 56, 146 M 11 SE/TE: 33, 47, 73, 137, 175, 231, Do the Math, 33, 73, Figure, 137, 220, Virtual Lab, 175, My Science Online, 175, Technology and History, 231

• Tracing the history of science can show how difficult it was for scientific innovations to break through the accepted ideas of their time to reach the conclusions that we currently take for granted.

M 1 SE/TE: 18, 48, 50, 116, My Planet Diary, 18, 48, 50, 116 TE: Support All Readers, 18, 48, 50, 116 M 2 SE/TE: 76, My Planet Diary, 76 TE: Support All Readers, 76 M 3 SE/TE: 4, My Planet Diary, 4 TE: Support All Readers, 4 M 4 SE/TE: 20, 32, 80, 81, 121, 140, 155, Figure, 80, 81, 140, Science and History, 121 TE: Quick Facts, 121 M 6 SETE: 92, My Planet Diary, 92 TE: Support All Readers, 92 M 7 SE/TE: 6, 74, 108, 109, 166, Figure, 6, Lab Zone, 6, Assess Your Understanding, 6, My Planet Diary, 74, 108, 166 TE: Support All Readers, 74, 108, 166 M 8 SE/TE: 9, 10, 40, 71, My Science Online, 71, My Planet Diary, 40, Figure, 9, Interactive Art, 10, Apply it, 71 TE: Support All Readers, 40 M 9 SE/TE: 171, 172, 173, Figure, 171, 172, 173 M 10 SE/TE: 25, 35, 56, 59, 73, 74, 75, 77, 108, 146, Hot Science, 35, My Planet Diary, 56, 146, Figure, 74, 73, 75, My Science Online, 73, 77 M 11 SE/TE: 33, 47, 73, 137, 175, 231, Do the Math, 33, 73, Figure, 137, 220, Virtual Lab, 175, My Science Online, 175, Technology and History, 231 TE: Quick Facts, 231

http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=4962


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