1. PRESENT SIMPLE VS PAST CONSTINUOS

PRESENT SIMPLE: Habla acerca de rutinas (cosas que suceden todos los días) y hábitos (cosas que haces a menudo).(+) I usually go to bed about 10:30(-) They don’t take naps during the week He doesn’t sleep in during the week(?) Do you wake up early? Does she usually have a snack before bed?STATIVE VERBLike, hate, prefer, understand, love, know, believe, remember, need and want.

SIMPLE PAST: Completar acciones en el pasado. Hablar acerca de acciones o experiencias en un tiempo específico en el pasado. Añadir –ed a los verbos regulares y didn’t en forma negativa. Usar was/were para el verbo be.(+) She changed her name. I played jazz music all day yesterday.(-) She didn’t fit in at school. He didn’t finish his exam.(?) Where did she move? Did you like the last Coldplay CD? Yes, I did./No, Ididn’t.

PAST CONTINUOUS: Hablar acerca de acciones en progreso en un tiempo particular en el pasado.(+) I/He/She/It was/wasn’t waiting…(-) You/We/They were/weren’t waiting…(?) Was I/He/She/It eating… Were You/We/They eating…*Es usado para establecer la escena en el comienzo de una historia.It was raining heavily. Julia was walking quickly toward the theater.*Una acción largar interrumpida por otra acción.I was watching TV when he arrieved.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS: a) Acciones que suceden en este momento. b) Acciones temporales que suceden “around now” pero no en este momento.(+) b) I’m studying engineering. a) My girlfriend is shopping for clothes.(-) a) I’m not talking on the phone. b) We’re not excercising enough.(?) b) Are you working in the city this week?

a) What are you eating?

PRESENT PERFECT: Hablar acerca de acciones o experiencias en el pasado pero el tiempo no es importante o no lo sabemos. (+) I/You/We They have/ haven’t won a prize.(-)She/He/It has/hasn’t won a prize(?) Have I/You/We/They ever heard this song? Has He/she/It ever heard this song?

PAST PERFECT: Para hablar acerca de una acción que sucedió antes de otra acción en el pasado.

Had + Past ParticipleBy the time I was 16, I had visited 19 countries.(en el momento en que tenía 16 años, había visitado 19 países). I ate like a horse because I hadn’t eaten

all day.Es comun usar verbos como: saying oir thinking. I told her we had bought the tickets. She realized she’d met him before

somewhere.

REAL CONDITIONAL: Habla acerca de una posible situación en el futuro.Indica que si realizas una acción determinada "es muy posible" que se dé un resultado determinado. (may, might, could).

If + simple presente, will + verb

If don’t go to bed now, I’ll be too tired tomorrow.If we leave at 9:30, we’ll be late.He will fail his exam if he doesn’t work harder.

If you work, you will earn some money.(Si trabajas, ganarás algo de dinero.)

AGREEMENT: SO and NEITHER

Está de acuerdo con o tienes la misma experiencia de alguien.

Agree/Disagree(+) I like chocolate So do I./Idon’t I hated swimming So did I/ I didn’t I’m a student So am I/I’m not I was into pop So was I/Iwasn’t

Agree/Disagree(-) I don’t watch TV Neither do I/I do I didn’t go out Neither did I/ I did I’m not enjoying it. Neither am I/I am I wasn’t late. Neither was I/I was

PRESENTE PERFECT WITH FOR AND SINCE

1. Usa SINCE para referir el inicio de una acción.

2. Usa FOR para referirte a una acción en un periodo de tiempo.

Utiliza FOR para dar longitud del tiempo For three years, for a week, for half an hourUtiliza SINCE para dar comienzo del tiempoSince 1996, since this morning, since 10:30.

USED TO

Para referirse a actividades regulares y estados de ánimos en el pasado que no suceden ahora.(+) I/You/He/She/We/They used to play the piano.(-) I/You/He/She/We/They didn’t use to do any exercise.(?) Did I/You/He/She/We/ They use to live there?UNREAL CONDITIONAL: Habla acerca de algo improbable o una situación imaginaria en el presente o futuro.

If + simple past, would + verb

If I won some money, I would go to Australia.I would train to be a pilot if I weren’t afraid of flying.

Condición improbable:* If you studied, I would help you.(Si estudiases, yo te ayudaría.)Condición imaginaria (irreal): * If I were rich, I wouldn't work.(Si fuese rico, no trabajaría.)

GERUND AND INFINITIVES

Gerund: enjoy, avoid, miss, finish, consider + verb (ing).Infinitive: want, seem, offer, decide, hope, afford, promise) + to + V.F.

BE GOING TO: FUTURE

Hablar acerca de planes futuros e intenciones. (va una fecha al final: this afternoon, tonight, tomorrow, next week,ect.)(+)I am

He/she/it is going to see Maria on Friday.We/you/they are(-)I am He/she/it is not going to see Maria on Friday.We/you/they are(?)Am IIs He/she/it going to see her?Are We/you/they

WILL: PREDICTIONS

Usa will + verb para hacer predicciones acerca del futuro.(+) will + verb(-) won’t + verb(?) Will tourism change the natural…