Critical momentum of gaming zone, Embedmetrics, and Netmetrics of

scientific publications through Socimetrics (Measurement of Social

Networks) in selected Asean Universities

Vignes Gopal Krishna Fast track PhD student & SLAI fellow

Faculty of Economics and Administration University of Malaya

Email Address: vignesgopal@yahoo.com

IntroductionSleeping with breaks or without breaks

Mercantilism style or win-win paradigm?

IntroductionScientific publications have taken up the role of knowledge mediator that can disseminate the various

thoughts of interest ranging from ordinary to complexity issues to heterogeneous agents.

The increasing pace of scientific publications in the context of inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary issues of interest has shown the positive pace of patching up and catching up through the integration of heterogeneous particles (actors of research network) and the incorporation of the new forms of novelty that will be useful for the evaluation on the research performance and absorptive capacity of institutions. The latter is consistent with Hart (2000) and Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (2000).

As highlighted by Van Damme(2001), the productivity of academic research can be considered as one of the indexes to measure the level of competencies among the worldwide institutions. Increasing movement of flexibility in the context of the dissemination of scientific publications in terms of the subjects, areas of interest, classification of authors and etc can be captured clearly through the concept of Bibliometrics.

The creation of new / partial forms of new knowledge and the dissemination of the former to the scientific players through peer-reviewed journals are crucial function of research communities .

Academic articles and journals indexed by ISI and Scopus are widely recognized by the intellectual minds (Nguyen and Lam(2011,pp.108)

The ISI database covered around 10-12% of all peer reviewed journals and inline with Monastersky (2005)

ISI publications are considered to be one of the indicators for the determination of QS ranking, ARWU /Shanghai ranking and etc.

Embedded versions- Universities/Organizations/Industries

Faculties Departments

Academic articles and journals indexed by ISI and Scopus are widely recognized by the intellectual minds (Nguyen and Lam(2011,pp.108)

The ISI database covered around 10-12% of all peer reviewed journals and inline with Monastersky (2005)

ISI publications are considered to be one of the indicators for the determination of QS ranking, ARWU /Shanghai ranking and etc.

There is a strong network transition between the countries to speed up the process of rapid growth of knowledge and product economy through AEC movement although ASEAN is consists of 10 countries with heterogeneous mode of economics and social behaviors. - Win-Win paradigm

Note: Characteristics of AEC movement :- a) Single market and production baseb) A highly competitive economic region c) A region of equitable economic development d) A region that is fully integrated with global economy

Sources : AEC report and AuthorScientific publications (Articles) (ASEAN researchers) = 165, 020 (ISI journals)- 0.5 of world output (1991-2000)Source : Nguyen and Pham (2011, pp. 109)

More concentration on the scientific quantity rather than research quality. (Quantity > Quality) and the statement can be referred to Nguyen and Lam(2011, pp. 108)

Although many scholars have attended to different types of scientific measurements, they have really failed to look into the misconceptions of scientific terms such as the single factor of impact factor, real visibility of publications and the significant interactions between social networks, research visibility and pace of scientific dissemination.

To the best of my knowledge, there is no research that focuses on the interactions between visible and invisible networks.

Objectives of research:- e) To identify the characteristics and strength of network collaborations through the interactions of research categories, ghost

networks (Invisible networks), research collaboration (Inter and intra modes of collaborations) and international collaborations

c) To capture the role of social networks in enhancing the pace of research visibility and publications

GCI 2013-2014Country Global Competitiveness Index (2013-

2014)Switzerland 1Singapore 2

Japan 9Australia 21Malaysia 24

China 29India 60

Cambodia 88Zambia 93Vietnam 70

* Criteria of evaluation (Labour market efficiency, Scientific productivity, government structure, visibility of interactions and etc)

Source: Global Competitiveness Index Report, 2013-2014

ISI publicationsCountry Scientific publications (ISI)

Switzerland 573,910

Singapore 153,563

Japan 2,426,148

Australia 989,456

Malaysia 80,250

China 2,090,264

India 844,966

Cambodia 1,540

Zambia 4,055

Vietnam 16,949

Source: Web of Science, 1986-2013

ISI Publications in ASEAN countries

Source : Web of Science , 1980-2013

Duration of publication ASEAN country Number of publication

1980-2013 Malaysia 81,390

1980-2013 Singapore 154,718

1980-2013 Thailand 80,943

1989-2013 Cambodia 1,562

1980-2013 Vietnam 17,170

1990-2013 Myanmar 932

1980-2013 Philippines 17,637

1980-2013 Brunei 1,091

1982-2013 Laos 1,030

1980-2013 Indonesia 19,977

Visualization of selected literaturesIllustrations of literatures in ASEAN countries (Scientometrics)

Hassan, et.al (2012, pp. 1038-1048) have identified dual modes of collaboration strength in the case of selected ASEAN universities in the flow of thematic areas such as Nanotechnology, Energy, Health, Food, Agriculture, Biotechnology, Environment, Information and communication technology (ICT), and Industrial Technology through Salton’s measure.

Vinluan (2012, pp. 281-291 ) has looked into the positive and negative trends of multidimensional analysis of selected scientific documents (Article, Note, Review, Letter) in the subjects areas of Education and Psychology through the comparison between Philippines and Asean countries.

Nguyen and Pham (2011, pp. 112-113 ) have shown and generated the results of Knowledge Economy Index (KEI), Knowledge Index, Innovation and Information and Communication Technology(ICT) – Two phases (High and low rankings of KEI, KI, INNO, ICT) – High (Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand), and Low (Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines and etc)- No reported data for Brunei. (Additional source: World Bank Report on Knowledge Economy Index (KEI)

Other related literatures

Cabanac (2013, pp. 2-7) has suggested that the higher level of robustness through the usage of Schubert-Glanzel’s model of Phi-Index will illustrate the overall bibliographic dataset in the field of Computer Science.

Mas-Bleda and Aguillo (2013, pp.53-55) have put up the statement that personal websites can be used as an instrument/tool for the communication of ideas and thoughts and it can also be known as the information provider on the academic activities of researchers, formally and informally published results, and individual researchers.

Benson and Magee (2013, pp. 72-74) have visualized the fact that hybrid keywords and patents classes can be considered as the robust methods in selecting the set of patents for the technological field.

Francheschini, et.al (2013, pp. 90-92) have represented success index as an useful indicator to detect the higher levels of citations of papers through the testing on the:-

a) Comparison of groups of researchers within the same scientific field, but affiliated with different universities

b) Comparison of different departments of the same universityc) Comparison of entire research institutions

Yang, et. al (2013, pp. 135-137) have indicated that municipal solid waste and sludge were the major research types of solid wastes, and have reflected anaerobic digestion, wastewater and heavy metals as the major topics of research on solid waste based on the analysis of titles, keywords of authors, and keywords plus.

Flying Geese Paradigm

a view of Japanese scholars upon the technological development in Southeast Asia viewing Japan as a leading power

It was developed in the 1930s, and has gained wider popularity in the 1960s after the author Kaname Akamatsu published his ideas in the journal of Developing Economies

Analytical FrameworkCONTINUOUS FLOW OF NETWORK TRAJECTORY PHASES OF

INNOVATION (CFNTPI)

Origination and Development

Diffusion

Retention

Value addition of knowledge and issues

Adoption

Adaptation

a) Power of asymmetric information

b) Participating institutions

c) Concentration & Articulation of

issuesd) Strength of network

collaboratione) Duration of

interactionsf) Number of players

of scientific gaming

Source: Author

Years

Issues/Topics

Segregated analysis of scientific publications in Asean countries (Top 10)

Asean countries Article Proceeding Meeting abstract Review Letter Editorial material Note Book review Correction

Malaysia 54,238 20,565 3,244 1,965 1,056 680 593 364 151

Singapore 115,737 24,902 8,205 4,156 2,967 3,091 1,120 1,914 302

Thailand 58,676 12,592 6,945 1,717 1,860 990 713 244 196

Indonesia 14,308 3,100 2,054 417 249 262 204 205 44

Brunei 834 75 39 29 87 12 4 49 5

Cambodia 1,215 64 147 55 61 31 2 10 0

Laos 843 47 54 35 36 16 0 6 2

Myanmar 652 150 62 15 27 10 18 2 5

Philippines 13,319 1,564 1,807 480 171 395 258 328 40

Vietnam 14,306 2,101 768 263 185 137 140 27 53

Higher level of active participators- Higher concentration on articles and proceedings… Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam are actively catching up with

high achievers of scientific productivity

Least concentrated items among Asean countries

Asean countries News item Discussions Book chapterMalaysia 45 0 0Singapore 61 101 104Thailand 37 40 33

Indonesia 18 20 15Brunei 0 0 0

Cambodia 5 0 0Laos 0 0 3

Myanmar 7 0 0Philippines 10 23 27

Vietnam 12 0 0

Internal concentration of issues among Asean countries

Malaysia ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC 9360MATERIALS SCIENCE MULTIDISCIPLINARY 5324 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 4578 PHYSICS APPLIED 4047 COMPUTER SCIENCE THEORY METHODS 3658 COMPUTER SCIENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 3454 COMPUTER SCIENCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2874 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2802 ENGINEERING CHEMICAL 2619 FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY 2469 COMPUTER SCIENCE INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS 2280 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2271 ENERGY FUELS 2252 BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2238PHARMACOLOGY PHARMACY 2126

Concentration on Pure and

Social Sciences

Singapore

ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC 22532

MATERIALS SCIENCE MULTIDISCIPLINARY 13067

PHYSICS APPLIED 12591

COMPUTER SCIENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 6342

TELECOMMUNICATIONS 6208

CHEMISTRY PHYSICAL 6127

OPTICS 5980

NANOSCIENCE NANOTECHNOLOGY 5828

CHEMISTRY MULTIDISCIPLINARY 5503

BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 5379

COMPUTER SCIENCE THEORY METHODS 5025

PHYSICS CONDENSED MATTER 5008

COMPUTER SCIENCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 4697

AUTOMATION CONTROL SYSTEMS 3759

ENGINEERING MECHANICAL 3672

More on Pure Sciences

Thailand ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC 5081 PHARMACOLOGY PHARMACY 3900 INFECTIOUS DISEASES 3615 IMMUNOLOGY 3599 MATERIALS SCIENCE MULTIDISCIPLINARY 3544 PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 3519 BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 3103 MICROBIOLOGY 2702 PLANT SCIENCES 2698 TROPICAL MEDICINE 2628 FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY 2532 BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2523 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2359 ENGINEERING CHEMICAL 2058 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2000

Concentration on the multi-disciplinary –

mixture of pure and social sciences

Indonesia PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 924 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 889 PLANT SCIENCES 816 ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC 741 PHYSICS APPLIED 684 ECOLOGY 639 GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY 639 MATERIALS SCIENCE MULTIDISCIPLINARY 635 PHARMACOLOGY PHARMACY 625 TROPICAL MEDICINE 588 ZOOLOGY 564 INFECTIOUS DISEASES 554 ENERGY FUELS 490 ECONOMICS 489 MICROBIOLOGY 484

Concentration on Pure and

Social Sciences

Brunei ECOLOGY 73 GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY 68 MEDICINE GENERAL INTERNAL 60 CHEMISTRY INORGANIC NUCLEAR 59 GASTROENTEROLOGY HEPATOLOGY 55 MATHEMATICS 45 ENERGY FUELS 42 LINGUISTICS 42 SURGERY 42ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC 39 MATHEMATICS APPLIED 39EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH 36 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 31 LANGUAGE LINGUISTICS 31 PLANT SCIENCES 30

Equal concentration on pure sciences,

social sciences and humanities

Cambodia INFECTIOUS DISEASES 288 PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 264 TROPICAL MEDICINE 248 IMMUNOLOGY 150 PARASITOLOGY 111 MICROBIOLOGY 86 VIROLOGY 75 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 74 MEDICINE GENERAL INTERNAL 70 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES 64 PHARMACOLOGY PHARMACY 49 ECOLOGY 48 VETERINARY SCIENCES 35 HEALTH POLICY SERVICES 34 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 34

Concentration on Pure and

Social Sciences

Laos PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 166 TROPICAL MEDICINE 159 INFECTIOUS DISEASES 113 PARASITOLOGY 78 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 67 AGRONOMY 53 PLANT SCIENCES 48 WATER RESOURCES 48 ECOLOGY 47 ZOOLOGY 47 IMMUNOLOGY 38 SOIL SCIENCE 38 GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY 36 VETERINARY SCIENCES 35 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES 32

Concentration on Pure and Social Sciences (Multi-

disciplinary)

Philippines AGRONOMY 1699 PLANT SCIENCES 1668 MARINE FRESHWATER BIOLOGY 921 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 790 AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY 752 FISHERIES 710 PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 655 SOIL SCIENCE 569 ECONOMICS 506 INFECTIOUS DISEASES 502 BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 478 BIOLOGY 470 FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY 422 GENETICS HEREDITY 421 MICROBIOLOGY 412

Concentration on Pure and Social Sciences

Myanmar TROPICAL MEDICINE 94 PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 86 INFECTIOUS DISEASES 58 COMPUTER SCIENCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 56 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 41 ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC 36 IMMUNOLOGY 34 GASTROENTEROLOGY HEPATOLOGY 33 COMPUTER SCIENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 32 MICROBIOLOGY 31 GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY 30 PARASITOLOGY 30 PLANT SCIENCES 30 CHEMISTRY ANALYTICAL 27 COMPUTER SCIENCE THEORY METHODS 27

Concentration on Pure and Social Sciences – intra

basis

Vietnam MATHEMATICS 1397 MATHEMATICS APPLIED 1309 PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 939 PHYSICS CONDENSED MATTER 934 MATERIALS SCIENCE MULTIDISCIPLINARY 928 ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC 786 INFECTIOUS DISEASES 654 PHYSICS APPLIED 581 PLANT SCIENCES 573 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 570 TROPICAL MEDICINE 518 MICROBIOLOGY 508 PHARMACOLOGY PHARMACY 474 PHYSICS MULTIDISCIPLINARY 470 IMMUNOLOGY 444

Concentration on Pure and

interactivity effect with Social Science.

A

1 2

7

6543

9 10

11

12

8

389012061 5636 859 7279

768

17593235

657 74516146

267

Where, A = Facebook1-12 = embedded groups of facebook1= PhD discussion room2= ASEAN University Network 3= Indian Research Scholars Organization 4= ATLAS-ti Researchers Group 5= Research Proposal and Theses 6= Claudia Hunt’s Research and PhD links 7= Analytical Researchers of Ancient Kingdoms, Records and

Relics

8=Writers 9=IPTA-Ipad(&Tablets) for Academician10=Bioinformatics 11=Writers helping writers 12= Virtual Learning Environment

Internal forms of socimetrics = [(L)(I) + (C)(I) + (∑J≈∞ AHA + ∑J≈∞ MRA )I ]/TP X 100where, L = Likes I = Issues (Ordinary, Mediating issues, Critical)AHA = Active Heterogeneous Agents (Students(Degree,

Masters, and PhD)), number of independent and dependent researchers, number of authors/writers, number of contributors, and etc)

MRA = Multiple roles of agents TP = Total Participants

K K

Malaysia = (70-80)%Singapore = (80-82)% Thailand = (76-78)%Vietnam = (10-12)%Indonesia = (50-60%) Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, Philippines and Brunei= (10-15)%

Active participating universities a) UM (Malaysia)b) UKM (Malaysia)c) USM (Malaysia) d) UPM (Malaysia)e) UTM (Malaysia) f) Mahidol University (Thailand)g) Ateneo de Manila University (Philippines)h) Universitas Indonesia (Indonesia)i) Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management(Indonesia)j) Vietnamese Teaching Group (Vietnam)k) National University of Singapore (Singapore)

B

1 2

7

6543

9 10

11

12

8

42689 4985 12735 926

10558

6023584

4628 8251145

8955

where, 1 -12 = embedded groups of LinkedIn 1= Akadeus.com2=ARTNeT 3= AnalyticBridge 4= Behavioural Economics 5= CEIC Data6= Economists Professional Network

7= EDINEB 8=Econometrics9=Economics & Finance: Jobs, Courses and

Conferences 10=Economist of the world11= Education Technologists in Asia 12=Financial Economists

Conversational Analysis

• Inspired by Harold Garfinkel’s ethnomethodology and Erving Goffman’s conception on interaction order.

• Was developed by Harvey Sacks and Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson in the late 1960s and early 1970s

VG : Do you think the utilization of social networks and mobile applications will increase the pace of scientific publications?

AB: No. HOWEVER, I think over time is will create a larger scope for new journals to be created, and therefore more publications to warranted, therefore accepted, and a happy world for all us researchers.

MID: that's my research

AB: All the best with the research then, if you find things change...great!

MA: I think it is right to mention that social networks can enhance the scientific productivity.

AN: Well, it depends on the degree of utilization of social networks in a professional way among the researchers.

AU: I also think it will work out in two ways through the expansion of scientific publications and visibility of it.

VG: I feel that current measure of impact factor is in the state of dubiousness as it depends on a single factor. What is your take on the matter, AB?

AB: Well, you are rite…Impact factor refers to the citations per publication….and I cant consider that as a measure of academic/research visibility.

AN: I think both of you are at a right track. Current impact factor is just a classical example….