presentation of group 10

8/14/2019 Presentation of Group 10

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The levels and behaviors of heavy metal

pollution caused by automobiles

accompanied by "overuse" wereinvestigated in Kamikochi, Chubu

Sangaku National Park, Japan

Where a high frequency of stops, start-

ups and continuous idling of automobileswas observed. Seasonal changes in the

total metal concentrations (especially in

Cu, Zn and Sb) corresponding to the

amount of traffic were observed; higher

in the summer and lower in the winter

Pollutioncausedbyoveruse


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At the higher pollution levelsites, the values of pH(KCl)also increased.

However, the concentrationsof simulated-rain-extractedand the exchangeable formand their percentages to eachof the total concentration

increased there as well,suggesting that heavy metalsare in more labile condition.


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Pollution Health Effects

Polluted air contains one, or more,hazardous substance, pollutant, orcontaminant that creates a hazard to

general health. It is usually measured interms of "particulate matter", or, thenumber of particles of these potentiallyhazardous substances as a percentage ofair

According to the National ResourcesDefense Council, some 64,000 peoplein the USA may be dying prematurelyeach year from cardiopulmonary causes

linked to air pollution


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Air pollution from coal-fired

power plants accounts for about30,000 premature deaths in theUSA each year.

Particulate matter includes awide range of pollutants roaddust, diesel soot, fly ash, woodsmoke, nitrates in fertilizers,sulfate aerosols, lead, arsenic,

etc.


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Human infectious diseases are among

the most serious effects of waterpollution, especially in developingcountries

Waterborne diseases occur when

parasites or other disease-causingmicroorganisms are transmitted viacontaminated water, particularly watercontaminated by pathogens originatingfrom excreta. These include typhoid,intestinal parasites, and most of the

enteric and diarrheal diseases caused bybacteria, parasites, and viruses


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The Woods Hole Oceanographic

Institution calls nutrient pollution themost widespread, chronic

environmental problem in the coastal

ocean. The discharges of nitrogen,phosphorus, and other nutrients come

from agriculture, waste disposal,

coastal development, and fossil fuel

use.


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It's easy enough to see how discharging the heated-up

water from a power plant into a river could cause

problems for aquatic organisms used to having theirwater home stay at a fairly specific temperature.

Indeed, industrial thermal pollution is a problem for

our waterwaysfish and other organisms adapted to aparticular temperature range can be killed from

thermal shock, and the extra heat may disrupt

spawning or kill young fish.


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The Pollution Control Measures

undertaken by the government of India are:

Adoption of cost effective cleaner technologies should be encouraged

Implementation of waste minimization techniques and adoption of

appropriate pollution control measures

Discard and discourage technologies which do not conform to the quality of

products

Spreading awareness messages through programs for the prospective and

existing entrepreneurs on usage of cleaner technologies and pollution control

Waste minimization for improvement of productivity and creation of Waste

minimization circle Assistance for sustainable development to be facilitated by the Government

of India through fiscal incentives, technology, trainings etc


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An additional system of taxation to be introduced based on concentration of waste

Encourage industry to regard 'pollution' as an economic problem

To decide the cost of water, power, fuel, etc through market instruments

Tax exemption on waste selling, resource recovery and reuse to be introduced

Incentives may be introduced on waste selling, resource recovery, reuse, etc

Scattered business units to follow stringent pollution control regulations

Allowance for capital investment and cleaner technology from foreign and private players

Simplification of Environmental clearance procedures for the industries located in

industrial estates


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Encourage Common Effluent Treatment Plant

Encourage common captive power plant and steam generation unit

During relocation of units detailed action plan to be prepared based on

Environmental risk assessment

Change of technology

Waste minimization

Small industries to get assistance from government

Further Research and development of cleaner technologies is proposed


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Pollution control

Particulate control. Methods for particulate control tend to operate on a

common principle. The solid particles are separated from the gases in

which they are contained by physical procedures such as passage through

a settling chamber. A settling chamber is a long, wide pipe through which

gases from a manufacturing process are allowed to flow. As these gases

slow down in the pipe, the solid particles settle out. They can then beremoved from the bottom of the pipe.

A cyclone collector is another device for removing particulates from stack

gases. The gases are fed into a rotating cylindrical container.


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Developed countries have started monitoring for toxic algal

blooms, closing fisheries as necessary.

This has reduced the incidence of related human illness buthas had the obvious economic cost of lost income for

fishers and related businessesand it does nothing to solve

the problem for the marine life stuck in the middle of the

brown tide.

Chemical reactions can be used to remove pollutants

from water


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One method of dealing with solid pollutants is

simply to bury them in dumps or landfills.

Another approach is to compost them, a process

in which microorganisms turn certain types ofpollutants into useful fertilizers. Finally, solid

pollutants can also be incinerated (burned).


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CASE STUDY

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

The poisonous gases caused by pollution are

responsible for green house effect & these gases

are called green house gases

When the level of green house gases in theatmosphere increase they trap the excess heat.

Over time this results in global warming


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Green house gases in the atmosphere absorb heat &

prevent it from escaping into space, thus warmingearth. These gases keep earth warm for all living things

to survive, without this warmth earth would be about

33cc colder than it is today

When there too much of these heat trapping gases in the

atmosphere , they will absorb more heat & warm the

planet beyond what is required


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Around the world , glaciers are melting rapidly

The rate of warming in the last 50 years is double

the rate observed over the last 100 years

Humans are pouring carbon dioxide into the

atmosphere faster than plants & oceans can absorb

it


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THANK YOU

presentation of group 10

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