Older Adults and Visual ImpairmentWhat Do Exposure Times and Accuracy Tell Us About

Performance Gains Associated with Multimodal Feedback?

byJulie A. Jacko, Ingrid U. Scott, François Sainfort, Leon Barnard, Paula J. Edwards, V. Kathlene Emery, Thitima

Kongnakorn, Kevin P. Moloney, Brynley S. Zorich

Presented byChih-Tang LeeEshita Sharmin

Introduction

Examine how multimodal feedback affects the performance of older adults with normal vision and older adults with visual impairments resulting from Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in manipulation tasks; pointing, moving, and selecting objects within an interface.

Background

The American Foundation for the Blind estimates that 10 million individuals in the United States are visually impaired or blind.

The 1999 Census Bureau’s Survey of Income and Program Participation reported that 53% of individuals with general acuity loss had access to the Internet, compared to only 28% of individuals with visual impairment.

What is AMD? AMD is one of the leading causes of severe visual impairment in

the aging population, affecting nearly two million Americans. It is a progressive disease in which the macula, degenerates over time. A loss of central vision degrading individual’s ability to perform focus-intensive activities, such as reading, driving, or using a computer.

The Experiment

59 participants 36 Female, 23 Male 54-91 years old (average = 76.0) Grouped based on presence of AMD.

$50 incentive plus free clinical eye exam, including best-corrected visual acuity using the ETDRS eye exam.

Background questionnaire.

Perform Purdue Pegboard test of manual dexterity.

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The Experiment

Equipment training. PIII, 384MB RAM Sat 24” away from 20” Trinitron flat monitor (1152x864,

32-bit color setting) Logitech WingMan FF Mouse

Perform a series of drag-and-drop tasks. Multimodal AHV 2.0 File icon located at bottom center of task space Target folder icon randomly located 15 repetitions of the task for each of 7 different

combinations of feedback conditions Auditory: sound of a suction cup Visual: purple coloration of file icon Haptic: force feedback of mouse

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The Experiment

Performance Assessment Efficiency measure

FTHT TTHT

Effectiveness measure OND

Data Analysis ANOVA ANCOVA

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Results (1/2)

Results (2/2)

Julie A. Jacko Associate Professor of Industrial & Systems

Engineering (ISyE) at the Georgia Institute of Technology

PhD, MS, BS in Industrial Engineering, Purdue University

Interest: human factors, human-computer interaction, universal access to technology

Publications Sears, A. & Jacko, J. A. Toward ecological evaluations of distributed

computing. To appear in Human-Computer Interaction, 15(1), in-press. Jacko, J. A., Sears, A., & Sorensen S. J. A framework for usability:

healthcare professionals and the Internet. To appear in Ergonomics, in press.

Jacko, J. A., Sears, A. & Borella, M. S. Toward a characterization of the temporal usability of distributed multimedia documents. To appear in Behaviour and Information Technology, in-press.

Sears, A., Jacko, J. A., & Dubach, E. M. (2000) International aspects of WWW usability and the role of high-end graphical enhancements. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 12(2), 243-263.

Jacko, J. A., Rosa, R. H., Scott, I. U., Pappas, C. J., & Dixon, M. A. (2000) Visual Impairment: The Use of Visual Profiles in Evaluations of Icon Use in Computer-Based Tasks. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 12(1), 151-165.

Authors Ingrid U. Scott

Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine

Publications:

http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/s/Scott:Ingrid_U=.html

Francois Sainfort Associate Dean for Interdisciplinary Programs

Professor of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology

Publications:

http://www.isye.gatech.edu/people/faculty/Francois_Sainfort/publications/

Authors Leon Barnard

M.S.I.E. in Human-Integrated Systems at Georgia Tech (in progress)

B.S. in Industrial Engineering University of Wisconsin - Madison

Paula J. Edwards PhD, Industrial and Systems

Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology (in progress)

BS, Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology

Authors

V. Kathlene Emery PhD, Industrial and Systems

Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology (in progress)

BS, 2000, Industrial Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Thitima Kongnakorn PhD, Industrial and Systems

Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology (in progress)

MS, 1998, Industrial Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Authors

Kevin P. Moloney PhD, Industrial and Systems

Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology (in progress)

BS, 2001, Biology, Purdue University

BA, 2001, Psychology, Purdue University

Brynley S. Zorich PhD, Industrial and Systems

Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology