presntation ip siap

8/3/2019 presntation ip siap

1/15

CHILD DEVELOPMENT

Factors Influencing Child Development


2/15

NATURE An individuals innate qualities.

Referstobiologicaland hereditary. Informationthataffects

childdevelopmentandlearning.

Biologicaldispotions that were born with (genes). Thehuman

genomecontain 30,000 genes.

Examples :

Braindevelopment

Geneticpredispositions

Individualcharacteristics , e.g.temperament

Appearance , e.g.gender , height ,eyecolor , hair , etc.


3/15

E X T E RNA L I N F L U E N C E S T HA T MI G H T L EA DT O A BN O RMA L I N FA N T

Widerangeofdifferentchemicalsandenvironmentalfactorsaresuspectedor

are knownto beteratogenicityinhumans:

Ionizing radiation:atomic weapons, radio iodine , radiationtherapy

Metabolicimbalance :alcoholism, endemiccretinism, diabetes, folicacid

deficiency, iodinedeficiency , toomuch iodine, hyperthermia ,

phenylketonuria , rheumaticdiseaseandcongenitalheart block , virilizing

tumors.

Drugsand environmentalchemicals:13 cis-retinoicacid, isotretinoin

(Accutane), temazepam (Restoril; Normisson), nitrazepam (Mogadon),

nimetazepam (Ermin), aminopterin, androgenichormones.


4/15

NURTURE

Nurturereferstotheenvironmental influencesondevelopment. Our

surroundings, upbringing, socialandcultural influences.

Examples: Family, friends, schools, workplace, home, values, etc.

Experiment: Rats inadeprivedenvironmenthadless brain

development.


5/15


6/15

INDIVIDUA L DIFFERENCES


7/15

WHAT IS CHILD DEVELOPMENT?

Childdevelopment isaprocesseverychildgoesthrough. This

process involveslearningandmasteringskillslikesitting, walking,

talking, skipping, andtyingshoes.


8/15

5 MAIN AREAS OF DEVELOPMENT

Physicalgrowth

Speech and Language Development

Cognitive andIntellectualDevelopment

Socialand EmotionalDevelopment

Motor skillDevelopment


9/15

PHYSICAL GROWTH

Individualdifferences inheightand weightduringchildhoodare

considerable.

Someofthesedifferencesareduetofamilygeneticfactors, others

toenvironmentalfactors.

Somestages indevelopmenttheymaybestrongly influenced by

individualdifferences inreproductivematuration.


10/15

SPEECH AND LANGUAGEDEVELOPMENT

Theproductionof wordsandunderstandingothersspeech varies

inevery individual.

Adelayintheuseof wordscoupled withnormalunderstanding, is

characteristicofasmallproportionofchildren wholaterdisplay

normallanguageuse.


11/15

COGNITIVE AND INTELLECTUALDEVELOPMENT

Theabilityto learn, remember, performcognitivetaskssuchas

recognizingsmallnumbersofobjectsandtosolve problems.

Therearenormal individualdifferences intheagesat which

specificcognitiveabilitiesareachieved.

Children inculturesthatdemandadvancedcognitiveskillsfor

workandfor independentlivingdevelopedthesefaster.


12/15

SOCIAL AND EMOTIONALDEVELOPMENT

Individualdifferences inthesequenceofsocial-emotional

developmentareunusual.

Theexpressivenessofemotionscan varygreatlyfromonenormal

childtoanother.

Theseare influences byindividualtendenciesto varioustypesof

reactivitybut itseffect istemporary.


13/15

MOTOR SK

ILL

DEVELOPMENT

Normal individual inmotorabilityarecommonanddepend in

partonthechild's weightand build.

Normal individualdifferencesarestronglyaffected by

opportunitiestopractice, observe, and be instructedonspecific

movements.


14/15

CONCLUSION

Childdevelopment isnotamatterofasingletopic, butprogresses

somewhatdifferentlyfordifferentaspectsofthe individual.

Some individualmightexperiencessomedelayintheir

developmentandmight betemporarydelayorsymptomsofsome

illness butallthisrelatedto individualdifferences indevelopment.


15/15

PREPARED BY

AbdulRazzaaq

Azwan Farid

Muhd Shafiq

Nasharizal

presntation ip siap

Documents