preventable diseases: canine virus information...puppy vaccine • start vaccinating at 8 weeks of...

Canine Disease Information 1

Preventable Diseases:Canine Virus Information

An overview of canine disease and conditions that can be prevented by

vaccination & basic animal health care

Canine Disease Information


Distemper

• Highly contagious

• 90% of infected dogs will die

• Frequently seen in dogs 3 - 6 months old, but any age can be infected

• Affects almost any carnivore

• Widespread, everywhere in environment



Distemper

• Early signs include fever, depression, loss of appetite, runny eyes & nose

• Progresses to diarrhea, pneumonia, seizures, and paralysis

• Called “Great Masquerader” because it can attack any organ system, but frequently attacks nervous system

• Since the disease is difficult to survive, and is widespread, vaccination is essential



Hepatitis

• Adenovirus type 1 causes hepatitis, but never want to vaccinate with it. Causes severe side-effects (blue-eye, kidney infections)

• Adenovirus type 2 causes pneumonia. This vaccine (type 2) provides protection for both type 1 and type 2 infections. So we use this to vaccinate safely.



Hepatitis

• Transmitted by direct contact with urine

• Does not cause hepatitis in humans

• Creates fever, enlarged liver, pain, and death

• Respiratory tract illness caused by type 2 is spread by aerosol droplets

• Vaccination is very effective in preventing the disease



Parainfluenza

• Common viral upper respiratory disease

• Signs may be very mild, but progress if other conditions exist

• Can be spread to other unprotected dogs without being readily noticed



Parvovirus

• Highly contagious, attacks intestinal cells and sometimes the heart

• Can remain in environment for 365 days – surviving freezing temperatures & UV radiation (sunlight)

• Causes violent, bloody diarrhea & vomiting

• Dogs quickly dehydrate

• Death as infection spreads to bloodstream from intestines – death can occur within 24 hours



Parvovirus

• Spread by feces, objects such as food bowls & toys, on humans clothes, and transported on dog’s fur or feet

• Virus can live in environment for many months after dog has contaminated the area

(L and R): Bloody diarrhea from dog with Parvo – large volume & explosive nature

Canine Vaccine Recommendation

Canine Vaccine Recommendation 9

Distemper/Parvo Combo (5 in 1 or DHPP or DA2PP*) Vaccine:

• Protects against

• Distemper

• Hepatitis (Adenovirus 2)

• Parainfluenza

• Parvovirus

*A2 stands for Adenovirus 1 & Adenovirus 2, which the Hepatitis portion of this vaccine protects against – this is why it is called “5 in 1”



Distemper/Parvo Combo (5 in 1 or DHPP/DA2PP) Vaccine:

• Most important puppy vaccine

• Start vaccinating at 8 weeks of age, booster every 2-4 weeks until 4 months old

• Booster annually

• Possible side effects include depression, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, fever, and muscle aches

• Side effects of vaccination are transient

Note: Rottweilers, Dobermans & Dalmations have an immune system weakness for parvovirus and should get boostered up to 20 weeks of age



Leptospirosis (Lepto)

• Bacterial disease transmitted by contact with infected urine

• Hunting dogs, dogs exposed to low lying-marshy water, pastures, rodents & wildlife, and show dogs are frequently exposed

• Disease can be spread to humans

• Can infect rats and wildlife (rodent control) – rats are #1 carrier in low income areas

• Causes hepatitis, nephritis, abortion, liver failure, kidney failure, septicemia, urinating blood, and death



Leptospirosis Endemic Map

Source:CDC.gov, 2011



Leptospirosis Vaccine:

• Can also be given as part of the Distemper/Parvo Combo+Lepto (6 in 1 or DHPPL) Vaccine

• Covers all 4 strains of Lepto

• This vaccine should only be given to dogs at risk (use caution in miniature breeds!)

• Do not give before 12 weeks of age, then booster again in 2-4 weeks

• Side effects of vaccination include hives, welts, facial swelling, anaphylactic shock, vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes death

• No longer causes the reactions the old Lepto vaccinations were known for – but still highly reactive, comparatively



Kennel Cough or Tracheobronchitis

• Bordetella is a bacteria that is one of the major causes of kennel cough

• Kennel cough is a respiratory disease causing coughing, nasal discharge, and sneezing

• Usually self-limiting, unless pneumonia develops

• Cough may linger for weeks to months

• Spread by airborne agents, aerosol

• Dogs in kennels, shelter, show dogs, and breeding farms are most at risk



Bordetella Vaccine:

• Most boarding facilities require this vaccine – sometimes every 6 months, otherwise annually

• Vaccines don’t protect against bacteria, they stimulate immunity against viruses

• This vaccine is actually an inactivated form of the bacteria, that will stimulate enough immunity to reduce the severity of the disease

• Bordetella vaccine aids in the prevention of the development of pneumonia caused by kennel cough



Bordetella Vaccine:

• Oral - provides more immediate, local and strongest immunity. Effective within 72 hours (quicker if dog has immediate boarding needs). Greater efficacy, 93%. Less injections over lifetime of pet.VS.

• Injectable - provides immunity; however, not as effective as oral and takes longer to develop immunity (up to 2 weeks). Dogs may get a mild fever, muscle aches after vaccination

*Note: Vetco no longer carries the intranasal Bordetella vaccine. It was replaced with the oral vaccine in 2016.



Bordetella Vaccine:

• Oral Bordetella vaccine requires only one dose, then boosted annually. Immunity lasts a year in most dogs

• Puppies can start at 12 weeks or earlier*, boosted annually.

* As early as 8 weeks – at DVM discretion



Bordetella Vaccine:

• Injectable Bordetella vaccine should be boostered as most vaccines (start at 12 weeks), and will provide long lasting immunity

• Higher incidence of reactions/side-effects – we want to avoid giving this if we can do oral vaccination to save the dog the additional injection

Demonstrated Safety.

In field trial, no adverse events reported within first 30 minutes following vaccination.

Proven Efficacy.

93% efficacy (same as intranasal)

Protects against infectious tracheobronchitis (ITB), in challenge study.

Effective Protection.

Fast onset of immunity – 72 hours (like intranasal)

One-and-done protection –give as early as 8 weeks, then

boosted annually

Convenient & Comfortable.

Easy to administer, no sneeze backs or wrestling the pet.

Potential increased compliance.

Dogs often lick syringe, like the taste.

Oral Bordetella Vaccine: Bronchi-Shield ORAL

NO INITIAL BOOSTEROne simple dose provides effective protection

Demonstrated Safety. Proven Effective. Happier Experience.

Manufactured & Guaranteed by:

NO ADDITIONAL NEEDLE STICKSFewer injections over lifetime of pet compared to injectable vaccines

NO SNEEZE-BACKS OR WRESTLINGNo Pet Parents worrying that dogs haven’t received enough vaccineNo need to struggle with dogs during administration

Administer in buccal cavity of dog’s mouth

Detailed Handling & Administration Video:

http://youtu.be/SDLZtsB5O1g


Same efficacy as Oral vaccine

vs. InjectableOral

vs. IntranasalOral

Oral Bordetella Vaccine: Bronchi-Shield ORALDemonstrated Safety. Proven Effective. Happier Experience.

Manufactured & Guaranteed by:

Fewer injections over lifetime of pet

No more watching dogs wriggle in discomfort during administration

No more paying for second doses (no initial booster required)

No waiting for weeks before being able to board pets

Works within 72 hours – more immediate, local, strongest immunity (vs. 2 weeks injectable)

Greater efficacy, 93%

Easier to administer

No sneeze-backs or wrestling with pet

Same vaccination protocol – 1 dose, then boosted annually

1. Pull diluent into the syringe.2. Inject water into the cake to

reconstitute, then shake.3. Draw back vaccine into syringe.

4. Remove the needle.

5. Insert the syringe into the buccal cavity of the dog’s mouth.6. Instill 1 mL of vaccine on oral mucosal surfaces.

Detailed Handling & Administration Video: http://youtu.be/SDLZtsB5O1g




Lyme Disease

• Bacteria that causes Lyme is carried by a specific tick species (Ixodes)

• Ticks may inhabit lawns, gardens, fields, & wooded areas/forests (and other dogs)

• Risk factors include living in or traveling to endemic areas, spending time (hiking, camping, etc) in wooded/brush areas, not vaccinated annually for Lyme, not on flea/tick prevention

• Lyme disease can be difficult to diagnose because of long incubation period & vague, flu-like symptoms

• Clinical signs my include lameness, anorexia, depression, fever, stiffness, joint pain/swelling & inflammation leading to vital organ dysfunction

• As disease progresses, can damage many different organs including nervous system, kidneys, liver & heart

• Can be transmitted to humans, via tick bite



Lyme Endemic Map

Source:CAPC, 2013



Lyme Vaccine:

• Should only be given to dogs at risk, start at 12 weeks, booster in 3-4 weeks

• May need to booster annually, prior to tick season

• We also recommend a tick-borne disease test (4DX) & tick preventative for dogs at risk

• Nearly 75% of unvaccinated dogs in endemic areas will eventually test positive. Some positive dogs will develop actual Lyme disease

• Can be treated with antibiotics, particularly if caught early



Canine Influenza Virus (CIV)

• Airborne virus that affects a dog’s respiratory tract; contracted like people contact colds

• Relatively new virus, so almost all dogs are susceptible because they have not built up natural immunity

• Therefore, it’s easily transmitted (highly contagious) between dogs

• Clinical signs include cough, runny nose, fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, respiratory infection

• Can mimic Kennel Cough or exacerbate Kennel Cough infection

• Dogs exposed to other dogs through dog parks, boarding or grooming facilities, shelters, show circuit are most at risk



Canine Influenza (H3N8 & H3N2) Vaccines:

• Should only be given to dogs at risk

• Given early as 6 weeks (recommended 12 weeks), booster in 3-4 weeks

• Then booster annually

• Some boarding facilities require the vaccine

See next slide for differences between 2 strains

Similar to “human” flu virus, but no evidence humans can contract CIV.

Symptoms look the same as other upper respiratory infections

Clinically indistinguishable from kennel cough

Dogs most in danger: very young, very old or immune-compromised

Outbreaks most common in boarding, daycare, show/sport events or places where pets comingle

Schedule: Both given SQ as early as 6 weeks, boosted in 2-4 weeks, then annually

Complete Care for Upper Respiratory Diseases:

CIV (H3N2/H3N8) + Bordetella + Distemper/Parainfluenza

Canine Influenza Virus: H3N2 & H3N8 Vaccines

H3N2

Prevalence: 25 states

Origin: Asia, Avian (2006)

Infectious up to 24 days

Infects BOTH dogs & cats

Origin: Europe, Equine (2003)

H3N8

Prevalence: 41 states

Infectious up to 14 days

Infects dogs only

Canine Influenza Vaccine Protection*Includes BOTH strains. Each strain can be sold individually, still at $33. Follow-up booster also required, for $33.

$33*

Facts Summary: CIV

Additional Resources:http://www.doginfluenza.com/news_resources.asp

http://www.doginfluenza.com/news_resources.asp

Symptoms

-Similar to “human” flu virus-No evidence humans can contract-Clinically indistinguishable from Kennel Cough

Prevalence & Treatment

-Dogs most in danger: very young & very oldimmune-compromised

-Outbreaks most common in:boardingdaycareshow/sporting eventsareas where pets comingle

Protection

-Vaccinate for both strains since no evidence of cross-protection

-Both vaccines given early as 6 weeks-Boosted in 2-4 weeks, then annually

-Doesn’t prevent 100% infection, but reduces symptoms and spread

Safety

-Both can be safely given to dogs at same time as other vaccines

-Each vaccine should be given in different area of body

-Never mix vaccines in same syringes-OK to give “booster” vaccine from

another manufacturer, as long as booster timeline observed

Canine Influenza Vaccine Protection

* Includes BOTH strains (H3N8 & H3N2) for best protection* Each strain can be sold individually, still at $33

* Follow-up booster also required, for $33.

$33*

Additional Resources:http://www.doginfluenza.com/news_resources.asp

Best Care for Upper Respiratory Diseases:

Full Canine Influenza Virus Protection H3N2/H3N8Bordetella

Distemper/Parainfluenza

Protects against 2 types of flu virusesSafe to give CIV vaccines with other vaccines

H3N2 H3N8

As of May 2016

http://www.doginfluenza.com/news_resources.asp



Rattlesnake Vaccine:

• Recommended only in areas where Western Diamondback inhabits and where a dog may be in contact

• Even if vaccinated, a dog must be taken to Veterinarian ASAP if bitten!

• Only effective in slowing down or minimizing venom impact if bitten by (primarily) the Western Diamondback venom – does NOT offer complete protection!

• Start as early as 16 weeks, give two boosters (3-4 weeks apart) and then every 3 to 6 months depending upon exposure rates

• The vaccine efficacy wanes after 6 months - If there are clear snake seasons, can get it annually just before the start

preventable diseases: canine virus information...puppy vaccine • start vaccinating at 8 weeks of...

Documents