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Smart power. The role of education and science in public diplomacy. Katarzyna Rybka-Iwańska

Course on Public Diplomacy 2017

Why do countries fight for the brightest of the brightests? The traditional factors building the power of states (i.e. economy

and military strength) are increasingly interlinked with the level of science, R&D, technology and the level of education; examples:

Banking systems require multidimensional thinking (watch The Big Short!)

Building advanced helicopters, drones, tanks requires the best of the best technologies

Building a modern diplomatic service requires a new, global education

Katarzyna Rybka-Iwańska

The technological revolution = the jobs revolution


Source: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_FOJ_Executive_Summary_Jobs.pdf

http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_FOJ_Executive_Summary_Jobs.pdf

Why do countries fight for the brightest of the brightests? MEGATRENDS: the fourth industrial – or rather technological revolution.

Automatization

Robots

Artificial intelligence

But: robots and AI will not replace everything. Processes requiring abstract, creative thinking and building various kinds of relations (mutual understanding!) will build workplaces for the best specialists in a variety of sectors.


Why do countries fight for the brightest of the brightests? The transition from an industry-based to a knowledge-based

economy.

The increasing focus on knowledge generates new and intensifies already existing transnational interactions

Knowledge is more globalised than economy and therefore even less controllable

Institutions of higher learning produce national and international elites for the spheres of policitcs and business


Anna Wojciuk

Why do countries fight for the brightest of the brightests? In the era of the knowledge-based economy, higher education

becomes more important:

As something power can draw upon (power as resource)

As a tool of foreign policy (power as influence)

Cooperation oriented toward mutual benefits

Competition for people, competition of systems

Higher education as a part of international trade


Anna Wojciuk

Cooperation oriented toward mutual benefits Gaining prestige abroad, especially among the present or future

elites of the country foreign students come from

Building mutual understanding between countries

Fostering international mobility of students

Not commercial – does not bring profits to the inviting country/institution; often subsidised by the inviting country/institution

Should aim at limiting the risk of brain drain


Anna Wojciuk

Competition for people, competition of systems When one country is gaining, the other is losing precious resources

in relative terms (brain drain)

The braindrainers usualy search for people whose real capacities can be assessed in order to minimize the risk of investing in the wrong individuals

The other way: to encourage one’s own citizens who have studied abroad to come and start working in their home country (demographic crisis = a shrinking pool of talent)

Non-English speaking countries face difficulties and have to undertake special policies to be able to attract the best and brightest


Anna Wojciuk

Higher education as a part of international trade Export of knowledge becomes a part of international trade and

higher education as a resource that produces wealth

The host country is not in any way subsidising foreign students – they are expected to fully cover tuition fees and the costs of living

The inviting country makes permanent immigration and employment difficult


Anna Wojciuk

The Global Competitiveness Index framework Katarzyna Rybka-Iwańska

Source: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2016-2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2016-2017_FINAL.pdf

http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2016-2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2016-2017_FINAL.pdf





Alumni of the Fulbright Program Butrus Butrus Ghali, former UN SG

Javier Solana

Sylvia Plath

Umberto Eco

Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz, former PM

Marek Belka, former PM

Dariusz Rosati, former MFA

Grzegorz Kołodko, former MF


EU Erasmus – growing mobility of students; growing support for the EU integration?


Source: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/library/statistics/erasmus-plus-facts-figures_en.pdf

http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/library/statistics/erasmus-plus-facts-figures_en.pdf









EU Erasmus Mundus – EU public diplomacy towards the third countries


Source: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/library/statistics/erasmus-plus-facts-figures_en.pdf











International education hubs in Asia


Source: http://wenr.wes.org/2015/07/developing-international-education-hubs-asia

http://wenr.wes.org/2015/07/developing-international-education-hubs-asia












International education hubs in Africa and the Middle East


Source: http://www.higher-education-marketing.com/blog/international-education-hubs

http://www.higher-education-marketing.com/blog/international-education-hubs










Shanghai List But: there are totally 9 universities breaking into the Top 100 list in 2016, among which Tsinghua University (CN), Peking University (CN), Monash University (AU), National University of Singapore, Mayo Medical School (US) and the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center make their first appearance in the Top 100. This is also the first time for China and Singapore to have Top 100 universities in the world.


Source: http://www.shanghairanking.com/Academic-Ranking-of-World-Universities-2016-Press-Release.html

http://www.shanghairanking.com/Academic-Ranking-of-World-Universities-2016-Press-Release.html
















Student flows – tertiary education Katarzyna Rybka-Iwańska

Source: http://pdf.euro.savills.co.uk/residential---other/spotlight-world-student-housing-2014.pdf

http://pdf.euro.savills.co.uk/residential---other/spotlight-world-student-housing-2014.pdf











Education diplomacy – a different perspective To uphold education as a human right and essential for the

realization of all other human rights cross-cultural communication is key in this respect

Build consensus around the role and benefits of education in an increasingly complex world

Secure the responsibility of governments to provide education in their nations

Inform global leaders about the benefits of education

Enlighten educators and the public about how education contributes to peace, global security, and sustainability

Place education at the center of the global development agenda by bridging education to positive social, economic, health, and environmental outcomes


Source: http://www.educationdiplomacy.org/overview/

http://www.educationdiplomacy.org/overview/

Malala Yousafzai A Pakistani activist fighting and

campaigning for education accross the globe, especially for the access to education for girls in the least developed and developing countries

The youngest laureate of the Peace Nobel Prize (2014 – 17 yrs old), also a laureate of the Sakharov Prize, Simone de Beauvior Prize, the Freedom Award – and many others

One of the most influential people in the world in 2013-2015 (Time magazine)

Founded the Malala Fund


Source: https://pl.pinterest.com/pin/381680137154029631/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3lyymTRVKw







Human Development Index Katarzyna Rybka-Iwańska

Source: http://report.hdr.undp.org/

http://report.hdr.undp.org/

SDGs

The Sustainable Development Goals were introduced by the General Assembly of the UN in 2015.


Source: http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/

http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/






Questions for discussion In what sense is the education key in enhancing prosperity and

security?

How do countries compete on the international educational market? Who are the other stakeholders?

Is education controversial as a public diplomacy dimension?

How can education enhance the positive image of a country and its brand?


Literature ‣ Wojciuk Anna, International Power Dimensions of Higher

Education in the Age of Knowledge, in: Stosunki Międzynarodowe – International Relations, No 1, vol. 49, Warsaw University 2014: http://www.pl.ism.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/SM49-14-Wojciuk.pdf

‣ 2016-2017 Global Competitiveness Report, World Economic Forum: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2016-2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2016-2017_FINAL.pdf

‣ 2016 Human Development Index http://report.hdr.undp.org/


http://www.pl.ism.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/SM49-14-Wojciuk.pdf
















Thank you very much for your attention!

Let’s stay in touch: https://www.linkedin.com/in/katarzyna-rybka-iwa%C5%84ska-08856b133/


https://www.linkedin.com/in/katarzyna-rybka-iwa%C5%84ska-08856b133/









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