prinsip prinsip surveilans
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Principles of Disease Surveillance
![Page 2: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Disease Indicators
• The measures that you use to monitor a disease e.g.
• Number– No of cases of malaria reported– No of cases of P. falciparum malaria reported
• Rate– Number of cases of ARI in children under 5 years per
100,000 population
• Ratio– Proportion of children with ARI who die
![Page 3: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Disease Indicators
• They may be indicators of – Disease incidence
• Cases of TB per 100,000 population
– Effectiveness of treatment• Case fatality in measles
![Page 4: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Indicators
Specific
Measurable
Action oriented
Realistic
Timely
![Page 5: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: General principle
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data Information
DecisionAction
Feedback
Reporting
EvaluationAnalysis & Interpretation
![Page 6: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Data
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Information
DecisionAction
HEALTH EVENT
•Disease
•Syndrome (e.g., AFP, jaundice, VHF)
•Public health issue (e.g., AMR)
•Environment (e.g., animal vector, water)
![Page 7: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Data
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Information
DecisionAction
DATA SOURCE
•Notifiable disease reporting system
•Vital statistics
•Survey
•Laboratory
![Page 8: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Data
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Information
DecisionAction
CASE DEFINITION•Clinical/laboratory
•Levels (suspected, probable, confirmed)
•Indicators
![Page 9: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Exposed
Clinical specimen
Disease
Pos. specimen
Infected
Seek medical attention
Report
![Page 10: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: General principle
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data Information
DecisionAction
Feedback
Reporting
EvaluationAnalysis & Interpretation
![Page 11: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Reporting
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data Information
DecisionAction
Reporting frequency
•immediate
•weekly
•monthly ...
![Page 12: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Reporting
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data Information
DecisionAction
Reporting methods•Paper
•Telephone, Fax
•E-mail ...
![Page 13: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Ministryof Health
WHO
Peripheral level
Intermediate level
Central level
Regional/International level
Surveillance: Data flow
Clinical (suspected)
+ Supportive laboratory data + epidemiological link (probable)
Diagnostic Laboratory (confirmed)
Regional reference laboratory
![Page 14: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Ministryof Health
WHO
Peripheral level
Intermediate level
Central level
Regional/International level
Surveillance: Tasks
Detect TreatReport
AnalyseInvestigateReportRespondFeedback
AnalyseInvestigateConfirmRespondPlan and FundFeedback
Analysis and feedback SupportPolicy and targetsFunding
![Page 15: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: General Principle
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data Information
DecisionAction
Feedback
Reporting
EvaluationAnalysis & Interpretation
![Page 16: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Analysis & Interpretation
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data
DecisionAction
• Data characteristics
• Data validation
• Descriptive analysis
• Hypothesis generation
![Page 17: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Analysis & Interpretation
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data
DecisionAction
• Various sources of notifications
•Various levels of quality
•Continuous data collection subject to change
Data characteristics
![Page 18: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Analysis & Interpretation
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data
DecisionAction
• Missing values
• Bias
• Duplication
Data validation
![Page 19: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Analysis & Interpretation
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data
DecisionAction
• Time
• Place
• Persons
Descriptive analysis
![Page 20: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Analysis & Interpretation
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data
DecisionAction
• related to time
• related to place
• related to persons
Hypothesis generation
![Page 21: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: General Principle
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data Information
DecisionAction
Feedback
Reporting
EvaluationAnalysis & Interpretation
![Page 22: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Action
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data Information
Decision
• Control
• Feedback
• Policy
![Page 23: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Action
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data Information
Decision
Control• Rapid response
• Case management
• Prevention (e.g. immunization)
![Page 24: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Action
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data Information
Decision
Feedback• Epidemiological bulletin
• Reports
• Website, others
![Page 25: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Action
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data Information
Decision
Policy• Policy change
• Prediction, planning
• Epidemic preparedness
![Page 26: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Action
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data Information
DecisionAction
Evaluation• results of action
• results of surveillance
![Page 27: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: General Principle
Health Care System Public Health Authority
Data Information
DecisionAction
Feedback
Reporting
EvaluationAnalysis & Interpretation
![Page 28: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Function
Core function• Detection• Reporting • Investigation & confirmation• Analysis & interpretation• Action / response
Support function• Training• Supervision• Resources• Standards / guidelines
![Page 29: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Surveillance: Basic Ingredients
A good network of motivated people
Efficient communication system
Clear case definition and reporting mechanism
Basic but sound epidemiology
Good feedback and rapid response
Laboratory support
![Page 30: Prinsip Prinsip Surveilans](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013118/552b23d0550346f5478b45a9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
WHO/CSRWHO/CSR
Terima Kasih