Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources, and Climate Change

AAAP

Proceedings

Full Papers

Ministry of Agriculture Indonesian Society of Animal Sciences Gadjah Mada University

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SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN THE

PRESPECTIVE OF FOOD SECURITY, POLICY, GENETIC

RESOURCES, AND CLIMATE CHANGE

PROCEEDINGS

FULL PAPERS

Editors:

Subandriyo

Kusmartono

Krishna Agung Santosa

Edi Kurnianto

Agung Purnomoadi

Akhmad Sodiq

Komang G. Wiryawan

Siti Darodjah

Ismeth Inounu

Darmono

Atien Priyanti

Peter Wynn

Jian Lin Han

Jih Tay-Hsu

Zulkifli Idrus

The 16th AAAP Congress

Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

The 16th Asian-Australasian Associations of Animal Production Socities

Proceedings Full Papers

Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources, and Climate Change

10-14 November 2014, Yogyakarta, Indonesia / editors Subandriyo et al;

2825 p: ill.; 21 x 29,7 cm

Organized by Indonesian Society of Animal Sciences

In Collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture

Faculty of Animal Sciences Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISBN 978-602-8475-87-7

1. Livestock 2. Food Security 3. Policy

4. Genetic Resources 5. Climate Change

I. Title II. Subandriyo

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Syafril Hadi, Trisakti Haryadi, Endang Sulastri and Sumadi

Smull Ruminont

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RK Yogi, lttK Verma DK Jain and RK Singh

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n.l.R.,S Putra and R. Agunga

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(2s)

Proceeclings ofthe l6th AAAP Anitnal Science Congress I ol. lll0-ll Not,ember 2011. Gatljah Mada Llnit,ersitl,. l'oglakdrta. lnclonesio

The Effectiveness of Farmers' Group Functions in Creating Self-sustain ofBeef Cattle Farming Activities

Trisakti Haryadi, F., B. Guntoro, E. Sulastri, R.A. Romadhoni and S. AndarwatiFaculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarla, Indonesia

Corresponding email: trisakti-h@ugm.ac.id

ABSTRACT

The objectives of the study were (1) to evaluate the functions of farmers group in creatingself-sustain of beef cattle farming activities, and (2) to analyze the influrence of personal

farmers'characteristics on the effectiveness of farmers'group functions. All of the memberof |'{gudi Barokah farmers'group were selected as the respondents. Data were collected byinterviewing the farmers directly using questionnaire. Descriptive and multiple linearregression analyses were used as a tool of data analyses. The results showed that the larmers'group functions as a place of learning (85.70%), a production unit (76.20%%), and a mean olcooperation (76.20%) were in the high categories, while the function as a business unit(51.10%) was still in low category. The number of beef cattle raised influenced positively thefarmers'group functions as a mean of cooperation (P<0.10) and a business unit (P<0.05).The effectiveness of the farmers' group function as a place of learning was inf-luencedpositively by the economic motive (P<0.10) and the farmer experience in beef cattle farming(P<0.10). Economic motive also influenced positively (P<0.10) the farmers'group functionas a production unit. The conclusion was that the beef cattle farmers could be facilitated in agood situation for their learning, production, and cooperation processes in the farmers group,but not good yet for business. The number of beef cattle raised, economic motive, and thefarmer experience in beef cattle farming, were important variables to improve theeffectiveness of farmers group functions in creating self-sustain of beef cattle farmingactivities.

Key Words: Farmers' group functions, Beef cattle farming

INTRODUCTION

Most of beef cattle fanners in Indonesia are smallholder with the lirnitatiorr of someresources. On the other hand, the important role of beef cattle for smallholders is theimprovement of business added value through the added value of beef cattle and the use offaces as fertilizer.

To protect and empower the small farmers, the Indonesia government has implemented thegroup approach. The agricultural extension activities will be more effective using thisapproach. One of the strategies to empower the farmers is by improving the role of fbrmersgroup. The Farmer's groups through their collective action are often proposed to surmountmarket barriers (Markelova et aI.,2009). Moreover, the farmer's livelihoods may beimproved by reducing uncertainty through the farmer's group collective bargaining (Devauxet al., 2009).

As a guide for empowering the farmer's groups, the Indonesia government had formulatedthe functions of farmers group including the group as a place of learning, as a productionunit, as a mean of cooperation, and as a business unit. ThroLrgh these functions, they could behoped that the farmers would be self-sustain in beef cattle farming activities.

This paper aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the farmer's group functions for creatingself-sustain in beef cattle farming activities. The paper also analyzed the effect of personalfarmer's characteristics on the effectiveness level of the farmer's group functions.

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Susktinoble Litestock Protluction in the Perspectiw ofFood Securiry. Policy. Genetic Resources and Clintate Change

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This research was a case study in ltlgudi Barokah beef cattle f-armers' group at BendunganDistrict, Kulon Progo Regency DIY, which had been a group of community project for morethan three years held by Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM). All ofthe members of the group were selected as respondents.

Primary data were collected r"rsing interview based on the questionnaire which had been

tested its validity and reliability. Personal characteristics variables of the farmer inclLrded

economic motivation, status of beef cattle ownership, beef cattle larming experience, numberof beef cattle raised, formal education, and age. The farrners' group functions were dividedinto four of variables including a place of learning, a production unit, a mean of cooperation,and a business unit. These variables were measured in five-point Likerl-type scale anchoredin "very disagree" (l) and "very agree" (5) (Azwar (1995). The data were analyzeddescriptively. Model of multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the eff-ect ofpersonal farmer's characteristics on the effectiveness of farmers' grolrp functions.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Most of the farmers (85.70%) stated that the effectiveness of farmers' group function as aplace of learning was in the high category level (Table 1.). It meant that the farmers' groupcould facilitate the interaction among the group members to improve the flarmers' knowledge,skil[, and attitude towards a better farming and profitable, so that they could be self-sustain inbeef cattle farming activities. The function of farmers' group as a production unit was also inhigh category level of effectiveness (76.20%). \t could be explained that the beef cattlefarming activities which are carried out by each farmer as a menrber of the farmers' groupcould be developed into a better of business scale. These findings were in accordance withKurnia (2000) that implementation of farmers' group activities were mostly just for teaching.learning, and production processes. The same level (76.20%) of the farmers'group functioneffectiveness was also happened for the farmers' group function as a mean of cooperation(Table l.). The beef cattle farmers become empowering when they can develop theirpotencies according their roles as a member of the group, manager of the farm, and theindependent farmer (cultivator). The independent farmer means the capability of farmer to

.ioint with other farmers in making cooperation, so that their farming becorne more developedand self-sustain in their beef cattle farming activities. The farmers are independerrt fiom otherparties, but they still make cooperation with other individual farmers and groups in harmony,so that they can be success and progress together. This finding supported Margono (2001)that group approach was more efficient to become a media of interaction to make cooperationamong the members of the group. But on the other side, most of beef cattle farmers (57.10%)perceived that the effectiveness of farmers' group function as a business unit was still in lowcategory level (Table l.).

Table l. Distribution of effectiveness category level of fan-ners' grollll functionsCategory Level (%)

Farmers' group FunctionsD---'r. High LowPlace of LearningProdr-rction UnitMean of CooperationBr-rsiness [Jnit

85.7076.2076.2042.90

14.3023.8023.8057.1 0

The result indicated that the farmers'group had not yet developed the members of the groLrppotencies in a business optimally. It was happened because of small larmers had not usedsome business opportunities yet in their beef cattle farming. The farming held by the small

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Proceedings of the I 6th ,1AAP ,lttintal Science Congress L:ol. lll0-11 Noyenber 201.t. Gadjoh ll,lada (.init'ersitl:. Yogl:51ftlr1r,. lndone.sict

beef cattle farmers was a side business. Furlhermore, safety motive like as savings which canbe sold any time was the motivation of small farmers in raising their beef cattle (Guntoro andPriyadi,2012).

Tabel 2. Effect ofpersonal characteristics on the effectiveness offanners' group functionsFarmers' Group Functions

Personal Farmers'cnaracre,suc, Place of Learningu Production LJnitb ^

Mean ol . Business UnitdL ooperatlon-

Sie. 0 Sie. 0 Sie. B Sie.EconomicsMotivationStatus of BeefCattle OwnershipFarmer experiencein Beef CattleFarmingNumber of BeefCattle raisedFonnal Education

0.712

-t.672

-0.143

r.038

0.387-0.029

0.098*

0.219

0.4380.768

0.848

0.1 590.090

0.r86

0.6700.231

1.264

0.234-0.046

0.098*

0.5930.5 93

1.813

0.3 50-0.095

0.220

0.863

0.040*

0.4180.336

0.098* 0.598 0.068* -0.104 0]13 0.s98 0.1 ss

0.472 -0.337 0.841 -0.0s2 0.980 -2.884

-0.070 0.264 0.012 0.865 -0.014

Aa. F:2.941**' R': 0.558b. F: 1.602; R2: 0.407c.F:0.767; R2: 0.248d. F:3.613**; R2:0.608e. F: 3.790**; R2: 0.619*: P< 0.10**: P< 0.05.

The effectiveness of farmers' group function as a place of learning was influencedsignificantly by economic motivation (P<0.10) and the farmer experience in beef cattlefarming (P<0.10) ((Table 2.). The higher of economics motivation and the longer of beefcattle farming experience, the farmers' group function as a place of learning become higher.This result showed that economic motivation and the farmer experience in beef cattle farmingwere characteristics variables influencing the capability of farmers in developing theirpotency in learning about beef cattle farming activities through the interaction among themembers in the farmers' group.

Orrly economics motivation was the personal characteristics variable influencing significantly(P<0.10) the efl'ectiveness function of farmers' group as a production unit (Table 2.). Theeffectiveness of the firnction as a production unit would be higher when the economicsmotivation increased.

The number of beef cattle raised influenced significantly the effectiveness of farmers' grolrpfunctions both as a mean of cooperation (P<0,10) and a business unit (P<0.05) (Table 2.).The higher the number of beef cattle raised, the effectiveness of farmers' group functionsboth as a mean of cooperation and a business unit would be higher.

IMPLICATIONS

To increase self-sustain in beef cattle farming in the farmers group for the small flarmers, theextension workers should facilitate more alternatives of business activities managecl by thefarmers group using local resources. The farmers group should extend business networkthrough wider cooperation with more stakeholders. Facilitating to increase the number ofbeef cattle raised by the farmers could be hoped empowering the larmers group as a busirressun it.

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Sustainoble Lit,estock Production in the Perspectit,e ofFood Security, Policy, Genetic Resources and Climate Change

REFERENCES

Azwar, S. 1995. Sikap Manusia: Teori dan Pengukurannya. Pustal<a Pelajar. Yogyal<arta.Devaux, A., D. Horton, C. Velasco, G. Thiele, G. Lopez, T. Bernet, I. Reinoso, and M.

Ordinola. 2009. Collective Action for Market Chain Innovation in The Andes. FoodPolicy 3a(1): 3l-38.

Guntoro, B. and R. Priyadi. 2012. Motivation and Performance of Beef Cattle SmallholderFarmers in Central Java Indonesia. Research Journal of Animal Sciences, Vol. 6 (4-6):85-89.

Kurnia, G. 2000. Pemberdayaan Kelompok Tani dalam Mewujudkan Kemandirian Menyong-song Abad 21. Biro Perencanaan Deparlemen Pertanian. Jakarta.

Margono, S. 2001. New Paradigm of Agricultural Extension in the Autonomy Era. Paper waspresented in Perhiptani Seminar. Tasikmalaya.

Markelova, H., R. Meinzen-Dick, J. Hellin, and S. Dohrn. 2009. Collective Action for Small-holder Market Access. Food Policy 34(1): 1-7.

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