Proceedings

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ONIMAGE PROCESSING

October 23 - 26,1995

Washington, D.C.

Sponsored by

The IEEE Signal Processing Society

VolUine II of III

IEEE Computer Society PressLos Alamitos, California

Washington • Brussels • Tokyo

Contents - Volume IIINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING

ICIP '95 Organizing Committee xlICIP '95 Technical Program Committee _xlii

Tuesday Session

TAl: Tele-Medicine

European Project RETAIN: New Approach for IBC in Teleradiology andPACS Based on a Full ATM Network 1

Emmanuel Cordonnier, Marco Eichelberg, Joaquim Piqueras,Catherine Treguier, J-Frangois Heautot

Evaluating Quality and Utility in Digital MammographyR.M. Gray, R.A. Olshen, D. Ikeda, P.C. Cosman,S. Perlmutter, C. Nash, K. Perlmutter

A Contour Coding and Full-Frame Compression of Discrete Wavelet andCosine Transforms

Shih-Chung B. Lo, Huai Li, Brian H. Krasner,Matthew T. Freedman, Seong K. Mun

Effects of Image Preprocessing/Resizing on Diagnostic Quality ofCompressed Medical Images 13

Barry f. Sullivan, Rashid Ansari, Maryellen L. Giger, Heber MacMahon

On Interframe Coding Models for Volumetric Medical Data 17Michael T. Orchard, Aria Nosratinia, Rajesh Rajagopalan

Compression of Digital Mammogram Databases Using a Near -Lossless Scheme 21

H.S. Wong, L. Guan, H. Kong

TA2: Image Restoration I

Constrained Image Recovery in a Product Space 25P.L. Combettes

The Stability of Certain Image Restoration Problems: Quantitative Results 29Paulo Jorge S.G. Ferreira

Image Restoration Using Layered Neural Networks and Hopfield Networks 33Mitsuji Muneyasu, Kazunari Yamamoto, Takao Hinamoto

2-D Blind Deconvolution by Partitioning into Coupled 1-D ProblemsUsing Discrete Radon Transforms 37

Hyunduk Ahn, Andrew E. Yagle

Nonlinear Image Restoration Using FFT-based Conjugate Gradient Methods 41Michael K. Ng

A Multiresolution Approach to Color Image Restoration and ParameterEstimation using Homotopy Continuation Method 45

P.K. Nanda, K. Sunil Kumar, Sameer Gokhale, U.B. Desai

Restoration of Historic Film for Digital Compression: A Case Study • * •-.•-.- 49Paul Richardson, David Suter

Image Modeling and Restoration Through Contagion Urn Schemes 53Fady Alajaji, Philippe Burlina

TA3: Image Coding II

Region-Based Stereo Image Coding 57Haliik Aydinoglu, Faouzi Kossentini, Qin Jiang, Monson H. Hayes, III

Weighted Universal Transform Coding: Universal Image Compression withKarhunen-Loeve Transform 61

Michelle Effros, Philip A. Chou

Improved Decoding of Compressed Images Received over Noisy Channels 65Thomas P. O'Rourke, Robert L. Stevenson,Yih-Fang Huang, Daniel J. Costello, Jr.

Perceptual Optimization of Image Coding Algorithms 69S.J.P. Westen, R.L. Lagendijk, J. Biemond

A New Quadtree Predictive Image Coder 73Chia-Yuan Teng, David L. Neuhoff

Rate-Distortion Performance for Joint Source and Channel Coding of Images 77Michael J. Ruf, James W. Modestino

Convergence of an Iterative Design Algorithm for JPEG Quantization Tables 81Rick A. Vander Kam, Ping Wah Wong, Robert M. Gray

Joint Source Channel Coding of Images with Trellis CodedQuantization and Convolutional Codes 85

Benjamin Belzer, John D. Villasenor, Bernd Girod

TA4: Parallel Algorithms

Parallel Algorithms for 3D Multi-Level Median Filtering with Motion Compensation : 89P. Liu, M.N. Chong, W.B. Goh

Parallel Computation of Sequential Pixel Updates in StatisticalTomographic Reconstruction 93

Ken D. Sauer, Sean Borman, Charles A. Bouman

Time-Efficient Computations for Topological Functions in 3D Images 97Richard W. Hall, Chih-Yuan Hu

An Efficient Watershed Segmentation Algorithm Suitable for Parallel Implementation 101Alina Moga, Bogdan Cramariuc, Moncef Gabbouj

VI

Parallel Complexity of the Medial Axis Computation 105Afonso Ferreira, Stephane Ubeda

A Method for Parallel Skeletonization of Images 109N. Steffensen, N. Bourbakis

Image Filtering Techniques and VLSI Architectures for Efficient DataExtraction in Shell Rendering 113

Bejrn Olstad, Erik Steen, Arne Halaas

TA5: Multi-Dimensional Filtering

Two-Dimensional Periodic Digital Filters : 117Kyung Sub Joo, Tamal Bose

Ultra-High-Speed Digital Filtering Algorithm for Video Signal Processing 121KyungHi Chang, Xu Duan Lin

A Robust Adaptive Scaled Function Weighted Order (SFWO) Filter forNonlinear Image Restoration 125

Remzi Oten, Rui J.P. de Figueiredo

Preprocessing of Video Signals for MPEG Coding by Clustering Filter 129Yiu-fai Wong, Eric Viscito, Elliot Linzer

Design of 2-D State-Space Digital Filters with Powers-of-TwoCoefficients Based on a Genetic Algorithm ; 133

Young-Ho Lee, Masayuki Kawamata, Tatsuo Higuchi

Errors in the Estimation of Gradient Direction using IIR and FIR Implementations. 137Jose Caeiro, Moises Piedade

Estimating Adaptive Kernels from Local Image Grey Value Changes . 141Jinyou Zhang

TA6: Edge Detection

Construction and Properties of B-Spline Wavelet Filters forMultiscale Edge Detection 145

Yu-Ping Wang, Yuan Long Cai

Robust Edge Detection in Noisy Images Using an Adaptive StochasticGradient Technique : * 149

M. Das, J. Anand

Optimal DSNR Detector for Ramp Edges 153Zhiqian Wang, K. Raghunath Rao, Jezekiel Ben-Arie

Edge Detection Operators for Angular Data . 157N. Nikolaidis, I. Pitas

Automatic EO/IR Sensor Image Registration 161Hui Li, Yi-Tong Zhou

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A Ratio Edge Detector For Speckled Images Based on Maximum StrengthEdge Pruning 165

S.S. Ganugapati, C.R. Moloney

Evaluation of Edge Detectors Performances with a Discrete Expression ofCanny's Criteria 169

D. Demigny, F.G. Lorca, L. Kessal

Designing OSED's (Order Statistic Edge Detectors) 173Alfredo Restrepo, Alejandro Naranjo, Magdalena Valderrama,Mauricio Daniels, Ramiro de la Vega

Symmetric Wavelet Edge Detector of the Minimum Length 177Mingui Sun, Robert J. Sclabassi

Fuzzy Color Edge Extraction by Inference Rules Quantitative Study andEvaluation of Performances 181

Thierry Carron, Patrick Lambert

TA7: Motion Estimation II

Region Segmentation Based on Active Mesh Representation of Motion:Comparison of Parallel and Sequential Approaches 185

Yao Wang, Xia-Ming Hsieh, Ouseb Lee, Jian-Hong Hu

Motion Estimation for Region-Based Video Coding 189Viet-Nam Dang, Abdol-Reza Mansouri, Janusz Konrad

Binocular Estimation of Motion and Structure from Long SequencesUsing Optical Flow Without Correspondence 193

J.L. Barron, R. Eagleson

Motion Estimation and Representation for Arbitrarily Shaped Image Regions 197Marta Karczewicz, Jacek Nieweglowski, Petri Haavisto

Spatiotemporal Model-Based Optic Flow Estimation 201Nuno Vasconcelos, Andrew Lippman

An Efficient Heuristic-Based Motion Estimation Algorithm 205Yiwan Wong

Novel Fast Block Motion Estimation in Feature Subspace 209Yiu-Hung Fok, Oscar C. Au, Ross D. Murch

Motion Field Prediction and Restoration for Low Bit-Rate Video Coding 213S.N. Efstratiadis, M.G. Strintzis, A.K. Katsaggelos

Object Oriented Motion and Deformation Estimation Using Composite Segmentation 217Athanasios N. Delopoulos, Anthony G. Constantinides

A Sequential Algorithm for Motion Estimation from PointCorrespondences with Intermittent Occlusions 221

Thomas J. Hebert, Xudong Yang

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TA8: Multimedia Applications

Fast Image Search Using a Multiscale Stochastic Model 225Srinivas Sista, Charles A. Bouman, Jan P. Allebach

Content-Based Video Sequence Representation 229R.S. Jasinschi, J.M.F. Mourn

The Extended Optimum Interpolatory Approximation ofMulti-Dimensional Signals 233

Takuro Kida

Generalized Interpolators for Advanced Movement-Compensated 50Hz -60HzConversion of Interlaced Sequences 237

L. Vandendorpe, P. Delogne, D. Boucquey

A Fast Approximate Algorithm for Scaling Down Digital Images in theDCT Domain 241

Balas K. Natarajan, Bhaskaran Vasudev

Image Resizing in the Discrete Cosine Transform Domain 244Stephen A. Martucci

Key Extraction by Image Differentiation 248Tomoo Mitsunaga, Taku Yokoyama, Takashi Totsuka

A Fast Algorithm for Video Parsing Using MPEG Compressed Sequences 252Ke Shen, Edward J. Delp

A Comparison of Wavelet Transform Features for Texture Image Annotation 256W.Y. Ma, B.S. Manjunath

On the Extraction of DC Sequence from MPEG Compressed Video 260Boon-Lock Yeo, Bede Liu

TA9: Image Models

Region-Adaptive Transform Based on a Stochastic Model 264Christoph Stiller, Janusz Konrad

On Ill-Posed Anisotropic Diffusion Models 268Yu-Li You, Wenyuan Xu, M. Kaveh, A. Tannenbaum

A Modified Dichromatic Reflection Model for an Analysis of Interreflection 272Tardi Tjahjadi, Dariusz Litwin, Yee-Hong Yang

The Polynomial Phase Difference Operator for Modeling of Nonhomogeneous Images 276Joseph M. Francos, Benjamin Friedlander

Reconstruction from the Multi-Component AM-FM Image Representation 280Joseph P. Havlicek, David S. Harding, Alan C. Bovik

IX

Approximate Maximum Likelihood Hyperparameter Estimation for Gibbs Priors • '--".-•.-.• : 284Zhenyu Zhou, Richard Leahy

Subpixel Estimation of Normal Displacements Along Contours Using MRF-Models • '. ~ - -. 288Y. Ricquebourg, P. Bouthemy

Constrained Monotone Regression of ROC Curves andHistograms Using Splines and Polynomials 292

Tapas Kanungo, David M. Gay, Robert M. Haralick ; - .

Convex MRF Potential Functions 296S.Z. Li, Y.H. Huang, J.S. Fu

3D Super-Resolution Using Generalized Sampling Expansion 300Hassan Shekarforoush, M. Berthod, J. Zerubia

TA10: Signal and Image Processing Education

Image Processing in the Context of Imaging Science 304Robert N. Beck

Diagram Query & Image Retrieval in Design 308Mark D. Gross, Ellen Yi-Luen Do

Hands-On Universe: Bringing Astronomical Explorations to the Classroom 312John P. Refling, Carl R. Pennypacker

Coursework in Image Computation for Undergraduates 315George Stockman, John Weng

TPl: Color and Printing

A Graphic Arts Perspective on RGB-to-CMYK Conversion 319Michael Rodriguez

Optimization of Sensor Response Functions for Colorimetry ofReflective and Emissive Objects 323

Mark-Wolski, Charles A. Bouman, Jan P. Allebach, Eric Walowit

Colorimetric Modeling of Binary Color Printers 327Raja Balasubramanian

Screen Design for Printing : 331Qian Lin

Color Halftoning with M-Lattice 335Alex Sherstinsky, Rosalind W. Picard

Qualitative Comparison of Visual Models in an Iterative Halftoning Procedure 339Jennifer R. Alford, Teophano Mitsa

A Model of Perceptual Image Fidelity 343David J. Heeger, Patrick C. Teo

A Color Halftoning Algorithm for Low-bit Flat Panel Displays 346Je-Ho Lee, Yong-Moo Kwon, Hyoung-Gon Kim

Interpolation and Extrapolation for Accurate Color Measurement 350Christophe L. Grard, H. Joel Trussell

TP2: Stereo and Shape

3-D Shape Recovery of Hybrid Reflectance Surface Using IndirectDiffuse Illumination 354

Tae-Eun Kim, Jong-Soo Choi

Synthesis of Virtual Views Using Non-Lambertian Reflectivity Models andStereo Matching 358

Federico Pedersini, Augusto Sarti, Stefano Tubaro

A Bayesian Method for Triangulation and its Application to FindingCorresponding Points 362

Anand S. Bedekar, R.M. Haralick

Dynamic Histogram Warping of Image Pairs for Constant Image Brightness 366IngemarJ. Cox, Sebastien Roy, Sunita L. Hingorani

Moire Based Stereo Matching Technique 370Przemyslaw Pochec

Hierarchical Block Matching for Disparity Estimation in Stereo Sequences 374Marco Accame, Francesco G.B. De Natale, Daniele D. Giusto

A Theoretical Study on an Accurate Reconstruction of MultiviewImages Based on the Viterbi Algorithm 378

Belle L. Tseng, Dimitris Anastassiou

Temporal Frame Interpolation for Stereoscopic Sequences UsingObject-Based Motion Estimation and Occlusion Detection 382

N. Grammalidis, D. Tzovaras, M.G. Strintzis

Stereo-Correspondence Using Gabor Logons and Neural Networks : 386Babu Thomas, B. Yegnanarayana, Sukhendu Das

TP3: Low Bit Rate Video Coding

Combined Description of Shape and Motion in an Object Based CodingScheme using Curved Triangles 390

Karsten Schb'rder, Roland Mech

Two-Dimensional Object-Based Coding Using a Content-Based Mesh andAffine Motion Parameterization 394

Yucel Altunbasak, A. Murat Tekalp, Gozde Bozdagi

Differences Between an Object-Based Analysis-Synthesis Coder and aBlock-Based Hybrid Coder 398

Jb'rn Ostermann

XI

Global Motion Segmentation for Mid-Level Representation of Moving Images 402Takahiro Saito, Takashi Komatsu, Yujiro Akimoto

Spatio-Temporal Segmentation of Image Sequences for Object-OrientedLow Bit-Rate Image Coding 406

Ling Wu, Jenny Benois-Pineau, Dominique Barba

Syntax-Based Arithmetic Video Coding for Very Low Bitrate Visual Telephony 410Xiaonong Ran, Chang Y. Choo

Two-Dimensional Motion Vector Coding for Low Bitrate Videophone Applications 414Guo Yao Yu, Cheng-Tie Chen

Low Bit Rate Model-Assisted H.261-Compatible Coding of Video 418Alexandros Eleftheriadis, Arnaud Jacquin

Low Bit Rate Video Coding Based on Generalized Prediction of the PyramidSubband Decomposition 422

Giancarlo Calvagno, Roberto Rinaldo

Representing Arbitrarily-Shaped Regions: A Case Study ofOvercomplete Representations 426

John G. Apostolopoulos, Jae S. Lim

TP4: Tomographic Theory and Algorithms

Regularisation of the Limited Data Computed Tomography Problem via theBoundary Element Method : 430

Victor Solo

Measures of Information Content for Computerized Ionospheric Tomography 433Byron Hall, Helen Na

A New Iterative Algorithm for Ionospheric Tomography 437Eric Sutton, Helen Na

Combined Diagonal/Fourier Preconditioning Methods for ImageReconstruction in Emission Tomography 441

Scott D. Booth, Jeffrey A. Fessler

Localized Wavelet Based Computerized Tomography 445F. Rashid-Farrokhi, K.J.R. Liu, C.A. Berenstein, D. Walnut

Application of the Cluster Approximation for the SimultaneousRestoration and Segmentation of Tomographic Images 449

Chi-hsin Wu, Peter C. Doerschuk

Interferometric Image Reconstruction as a Nonlinear BayesianEstimation Problem 453

Jose M.N. Leitao, Mario A.T. Figueiredo

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Spectral Segmentation and Multiple Frequency-Band TomographicBackward Propagation Technique for High-Resolution Sonar Imaging 457

John M. Silkaitis, Hua Lee

Region-of-Interest Tomography Using the Wavelet Transform andAngular Harmonics 461

Andrew E. Yagle

A 2TT Interpolative Algorithm for Helical Computed Tomography 464Jiang Hsieh

TP5: Medical Applications I

Thin Nets and Crest Lines: Application to Satellite Data andMedical Images 468

Olivier Monga, Nasser Armande, Philippe Montesinos

Temporal Image Fusion 472Y. Hode, A. Deruyver, B. Bendriem, N. Volkow

A Data Fusion Approach to Tumor Delineation 476Richard Wasserman, Raj Acharya, Claudia Sibata, K.H. Shin

Cardiac SPECT Restoration Using MR-Based Support Constraints 480Lawrence H. Staib, Albert Sinusas

Multichannel Segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Cerebral ImagesBased on Neural Networks 484

Rachid Sammouda, Noboru Niki, Hiromu Nishitani

Detecting and Estimating Structure Regularity of Soft Tissue Organs fromUltrasound Images 488

Fernand S. Cohen, Georgia Georgiou

3D Boundary Extraction of the Left Ventricle by a Deformable Model witha Priori Information 492

P. Clarysse, F. Poupon, B. Barbier, I.E. Magnin

Estimating Cardiac Motion from Image Sequences Using RecursiveComb Filtering 496

John C. McEachen II, Arye Nehorai, James S. Duncan

An Approach for Detecting Blood Vessel Diseases from Cone-Beam CT Image 500Yoshiki Kawata, Noboru Niki, Tatsuo Kumazaki

Analysis and Characterization of Myocardial Tissue with the Wavelet Image Extension 504

A. Mojsilovic, M. Popovic, A. Popovic, A. Neskovic, V. Obradovic

TP6: Image Restoration II

A Rigid POCS Extension to a Poisson Super-Resolution Algorithm 508D. Keightley, B.R. Hunt

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Iterative Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) Restoration fromPartially-Known Blur for Tomographic Reconstruction ] 512

Vladimir Z. Mesarovic, Nikolas P. Galatsanos, Miles N. Wernick

Multi-Channel Restoration of Electron Micrographs 516Michael J. Vrhel, Benes L. Trus

Neural Implementation of Arma Type Filters for Image Restoration 520Andrzej Stajniak, Jaroslaw Szostakowski

Subband Adaptive Regularization Method for Removing Blocking Effect 523Sung-wai Hong, Yuk-Hee Chan, Wan-Chi Siu

Projection-Based Eigenvector Decomposition for Reduction of Blocking Artifacts ofDCT Coded Image 527

Kook Yeon Kwak, Richard A. Haddad

A Neural Approach to Optical Image Reconstruction : . 531Beng-Heok Tan, Abdul Wahab, Eng-Chong Tan

Image Smoothing Based on Pixel Grouping . 535Jia-Guu Leu

Reconstruction of a High-Resolution Image by SimultaneousRegistration, Restoration, and Interpolation of Low-Resolution Images 539

Brian C. Tom, Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

TP7: Video Compress ion I

Study of the Subjective Performance of a Range of MPEG-2 Encoders 543Gertjan Keesman, Andrew Cotton, Damien Kessler, Jan De Lameillieure,Jean-Pierre Henot, Andre Nicoulin, Dimitris Kalivas

An Optimization of MPEG to Maximize Subjective Quality ; ; 547Fu-Huei Lin, Russell M. Mersereau

Adaptive Piecewise Linear Bits Estimation Model for MPEG Based Video Coding 551Jia-Bao Cheng, Hsueh-Ming Hang

Mathematical Analysis of MPEG Compression Capability and itsApplication to Rate Control : : 555

Jiro Katto, Mutsumi Ohta

Efficient Mode Selection for Block-Based Motion Compensated Video Coding 559Thomas Wiegand, Michael Lightstone,T. George Campbell, Sanjit K. Mitra

Multi-Resolution Backward Video Coding 563Aria Nosratinia, Michael T. Orchard

Scalable High-Definition Video Coding 567Gary Lilienfield, John W. Woods

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Spatial Scalable HDTV Coding 571Tihao Chiang, Huifang Sun, Joel W. Zdepski

Scalable Coding Schemes Based on DCT and MC Prediction 575Motonori Nakamura, Katsutoshi Sawada

TP8: Facial Image Processing

Speech-Assisted Lip Synchronization in Audio-Visual Communications 579Tsuhan Chen, Hans Peter Graf, Barry Haskell, Eric Petajan,Yao Wang, Homer Chen, Wu Chou

Face Location in Wavelet-Based Video Compression for High PerceptualQuality Videoconferencing 583

Jiebo Luo, Chang Wen Chen, Kevin J. Parker

Automated Facial Conformation for Model-Based Videophone Coding 587Lyle Strub, John Robinson

A New Frame Interpolation Scheme for Talking Head Sequences 591Tsuhan Chen, Yao Wang, Hans Peter Graf, Cassandra Swain

Genetic Algorithms for Object Recognition in a Complex Scene 595Daniel L. Swets, Bill Punch, John Weng

3D Head Pose Computation from 2D Images: Templates Versus Features 599Ricardo Lopez, Thomas S. Huang

Depth Based Recovery of Human Facial Features from Video Sequences 603Geroncio Galicia, Avideh Zakhor

A Multiple Person Eye Contact (MPEC) Teleconferencing System 607Liyanage C. De Silva, Mitsuho Tahara,Kiyoharu Aizawa, Mitsutoshi Hatori

Sign Language Recognition Using 3-D Hopfield Neural Network 611Chung-Lin Huang, Wen-Yi Huang, Cheng-Chang Lien

TP9: Object Recognition

Figure-Ground Separation by a Neural Dynamical System 615Jun Zhang, Jianhua Liu

Semantic Graph and ARC Consistency in "True" Three DimensionalImage Labeling 619

A. Deruyver, Y. Hode

Image Interpretation Using Contextual Feedback 623George C. Lai, Rui J.P. de Figueiredo

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Curvature Measurement of 3D Objects: Evaluation and Comparison ofThree Methods 627

Malcolm H. Davis, Alireza Khotanzad,Duane P. Flamig, Steven E. Harms

On Comparing the Performance of Object Recognition Systems 631Dinesh Nair, Amar Mitiche, J.K. Aggarwal

Computationally Fast Bayesian Recognition of Complex Objects Based onMutual Algebraic Invariants 635

Zhibin Lei, Daniel Keren, David Cooper

A New Approach to Object Recognition in Textured Images 639/. You, H.A. Cohen, E. Pissaloux

Space Curve Recognition Based on the Wavelet Transform andString-Matching Techniques 643

Quang Minh Tieng, W.W. Boles, M. Deriche

Model-Based Obstacle Detection from Image Sequences 647Sanghoon Sull, Banavar Sridhar

Invariant Property of Contour: VPIUD with Arbitrary Neighborhood 651Franck Xia

Index of Authors 655