process of socialization
TRANSCRIPT
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PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION
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TOPIC SLIDE NO.
INTRODUCTION 1
STAGES OF SOCIALIZATION 2
ORAL STAGE 3-4
ANAL STAGE 5
OEDIPAL STAGE 6
LATENCY STAGE 7
ADOLESCENCE STAGE 8-10
CONCLUSION 11
REFERENCE 12
INDEX
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INTRODUCTION➤ Socialization is a lifelong
process which starts at birth and continues till death.
➤ At each distinct phase in life, there are transitions to be made or crises to be overcome.
➤ It is the socialization process that helps an individual make these transitions and adapt to the changing environment.
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STAGES OF SOCIALIZATION
1.1. Oral Stage 2. Anal Stage
5.Adolescence Stage
4. Latency Stage
3. Oedipal Stage
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THE ORAL STAGE➤ It is a stage which begins from
birth till child is of 1 year.
➤ It needs to be fed as it is helpless and dependent on others for its very survival.
➤ It also needs to be protected from the cold, damp and other discomforts.
➤ During this stage, the child cries for everything as this is the only way it can communicate its needs.
➤ The aim of oral stage is to establish oral dependency.
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➤ During the first year of its life, the child’s contact with the outside world is through the mouth and lips.
➤ Mother generally starts the process of socialization as the child is dependent on her for its substance.
➤ The child is only concerned with its oral needs.
➤ Freud called this stage as stage of ‘primary identification’.
➤ It means that the child merges its identity with that of the mother.
➤ Crying and smiling are forms of early social behaviour.
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THE ANAL STAGE➤ During this stage the child learns
that one cannot totally depend on the mother for everything.
➤ The child realizes that there are some things that it must do by itself.
➤ The child undergoes toilet training, acquires other skills.
➤ The child internalizes two separate roles, one’s own and that of the mother.
➤ It is taught to distinguish between wrong and right actions through a system of reward and punishments.
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THE OEDIPAL STAGE➤ It is at this stage that the child
becomes a member of the family as a whole.
➤ the child learns to identify itself with the social role ascribed to it on basis of its sex.
➤ According to Freud, the boy develops the ‘Oedipus Complex’ and girl develops ‘Electra Complex’.
➤ In this stage there is a lot of pressure on the child to identify with the right sex.
➤ Boys generally identify with the father and girls their mother.
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THE LATENCY STAGE➤By the beginning of this stage,
the child has learnt to be independent in the daily routine at home.
➤He/she learns social norms. ➤This stage has been called
‘gang stage’ by some sociologists.
➤There is greater participation in group activities and group loyalties are considered important.
➤There is greater revolt against adult authority and domination.
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ADOLESCENCE STAGE➤ This stage starts with the
onset of puberty & continues through the teenage years.
➤ This is a stage of transition from childhood to maturity during which new patterns of behaviour are learnt to meet the increased demands of the peer group & of adult society.
➤ The adolescent undergoes a number of physiological changes.
➤ Boys & girls try to break free from parental control.
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➤ The individual is more attracted to members of the opposite sex but there are parental restrictions on sexual activity.
➤ Adolescents are generally interested in various recreational activities like T.V. , sports, dance, music, being online networking on facebook,etc.
➤ In modern societies adolescents are encouraged to make their own decisions regarding education, occupation & their marriage partners.
➤ They are also expected to accept greater responsibilities.
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➤ Adolescents thus learn new roles, behaviour pattern & internalise new social norms.
➤ Hence in modern society the transition from the adolescent stage to the adult stage is more difficult than in the traditional societies.
➤ Adolescents in traditional societies face lesser stresses & strains than their counterparts in modern societies.
➤ The process of socialisation form oral stage to adolescence is known as primary socialization.
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I have learnt a lot from this project on process of Socialization. To summarize the process of socialization has five stages. Each stage is a developmental stage of an individual. The five stages are- Oral, Anal, Oedipal, Latency & Adolescence Stage. The process from Oral to Adolescence stage is called “ Primary Socialization’. All the stages are best explained by Sir Freud who has explained the process of socialization under his “ Psychosexual Development Theory”. All these stages play a very significant role in development of child’s personality.
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REFERENCEThe reference for this project has been taken from many sources. It was pleasure gaining knowledge from:
•Wikipedia
•Sociology Textbook
•Clausen, John A. (ed.) (1968) Socialization and Society.
•MLA Style: "socialization." Encyclopaedia Britannica.
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