*

Framework of Smart Grid For Multan , perception to practicalityAmber Fatima (2010-EE-22 ) Eisha Malik (2010-EE-27 )Sobia Qasim (2010-EE-38 )Pashmina Khan (2010-EE-48 )*

Smart Grid A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital and power electronics technology with two-way communications" to :

*

*Automatic operation Data acquisition Supervision Control Save energy Meters Protect system Self healing, PMU & sensor

Block Diagram of Smart Grid.*GenerationRenewable energy Grid source Transmission Energy storage Monitoring Smart meteringHome networkingRenewableEnergy (fuel cell))

Distributed generation

Smart grid technology implementation curve

*AMRRenewable energy resource wide area networking

Communication infrastructureDistribution automation

Demand response

security

Intelligent application&Grid optimizationImplementation of FACTS devicesWe are here Implement in software

Objectives Simulation of H.A fibers in the Matlab/simulink. Use of FACT devices Distributed generation of Renewable Resources Improving the power quality. Cost analysis of conventional model Cost analysis of H.A fibers industry with fuel cell.

*

FACTS(Flexible Alternating Current transmission system)

The concept of FACT refers toa family of power electronics- based devices able to enhance AC system controllability and stability and to increase power transfer capability.*

*

STATCOM Definition The Static Synchronous Compensator is a shunt connected reactive power compensation device that is capable of generating and/or absorbing reactive power at a given and in which the output can be varied.*

Distributed generation In distributed generation, the generation sources are located close to load centers and transmission of power over long distance is not required.Some explicit source is required to maintain power quality.Use power electronics based compensating devices e.g. D-Statcom in co-ordination with DGs for better PQ and system reliability*

Distributed generation by Fuel cell The fuel cell stack consists of one thousand cells. Minimum capacity of fuel cell is 50kW.Opposite operation of electrolyzer.Formation of bond by combining hydrogen and air.Installed area is less than other renewable sources like wind and solar. *

Continue...*

Formation of the system model

Model of the practical MV distribution system feeding the real time load of local industry named H.A Fibers located near 500KV Grid Station, NTDC Multan, Pakistan is implemented.The industry runs a 2.5MW inductive load as nearly all the machines are 3-phase induction motors for processing and production of fiber.Total length of the feeder from Mepco is 6.5km.*

Continue...Length of the line from fuel cell is 5km.Three Stacks are used to feed 1MW inductive load.Each stack has capacity of 333kW.Installed the D-STATCOM to improve the voltage regulation and power factor.Use the static switch to islanded the grid from fuel cell .MATLAB R2014a software is used for this simulation.*

Simulation *

Control Schemes for D-STATCOM

*

Conventional grid Smart grid Consumers are unformed and do not participate

Dominated by central generation, many obstacles exist for distributed energy resources interconnectionFocus on outages, slow response to power quality issues Responds to prevent further damage, focus on protecting assets following a faultInformed, Involved consumers, demand response and distributed energy resources Many distributed energy resources with plug and play convenience focus on renewables.Power quality a priority with a variety of quality/price options, rapid resolution of issues Automatically detects and responds to problems; focus on prevention, minimizing impact to consumers*

*Analysis

Cost analysis The cost analysis carried out substantiates that, in the severe energy crisis of Country, it is much viable to feed the industrial load with green energy i.e. Fuel Cells than conventional method. .*

*

Conventional System Costing*

SR #Unit Value 1Total Load 1MW2Sui Gas Unit Cost (Rs.)63 Sui Gas Consumption Per Day (Units) 9,0004 Ideal Sui Gas Working Hours 85Cost of Sui Gas per Day (Rs.)54,0006Cost of Sui Gas per Year (Rs.)1,94,40,0007Maintenance cost (Sui Gas Genset) per Year (Rs.)10,00,0008Total cost on Sui Gas / Year (O&M + Fuel) (Rs.)2,04,40,0009Total Cost on Sui Gas / 05 Year (O&M + Fuel) (Rs.)10,22,00,000

Continue*

SR #Unit Value 10WAPDA Electricity Units Consumption per Day (Rs.)20,00011WAPDA Electricity Per Unit Cost (Rs.)2012Ideal WAPDA Electricity Working Hours1613Cost of WAPDA Electricity per Day (Rs.)4,00,00014Cost of WAPDA Electricity per Year (Rs.)14,60,00,00015Cost of WAPDA Electricity for 05 Years (Rs.)73,0000,00016Total Cost of SUI Gas + WAPDA Electricity Per Year (Rs.)16,64,40,00017Total Cost of SUI Gas + WAPDA Electricity for 5 Years (Rs.)83,22,00,000

Costing & Saving with Hydrogen Fuel Cell 1MW*

SR #Unit Value 1Total Load 1MW2Initial Investment Cost (Rs.)37,0000,0003Hydrogen Fuel Cell Provision for No. of Hours244Fuel Consumption of Hydrogen Fuel Cell System (Kg/Day)4005Cost of Hydrogen Fuel/Kg (Rs.)2006Cost of Hydrogen Fuel per Year (Rs.)2,88,000007Cost of Hydrogen Fuel for 5 Year (Rs.)14,40,000,008Total Cost (Initial Investment + Running Cost) for 5 Years (Rs.)51,40,000,009Total Cost of SUI Gas + WAPDA Electricity for 5 Years (Rs.)83,2200,00010Cost Saving using fuel cell instead of Wapda + Sui-Gas in 5 Years (Rs.)31,82,00,000

The payback chart in bar form*

Production Loss Saving for Average Outage of 2 Hours / day for 5 Years*

SR #Unit Value 1Average Outage (Wapda + Gas) in hours / Day22Average Outage (Wapda + Gas) in hours / year7203Production of Fiber Bags per hour 254Sale Price per Bag (Rs.)20,0005Production loss for 2 Hours Outage per Year (Rs.)360,000,0006Production loss for 2 Hours Outage for 5 Years (Rs.)1,800,000,0007Pay Back at the end of 5 Years from Fuel Cell Installation (Rs.)31,82,00,0008Total Profit (Payback + Outage Loss Saving) at the end of 5 Years (Rs.)2,11,8200,000

Hindrance in the implementation of smart gridBiggest concern: it has security and privacy issues.Two-way communication between power consumer and provider and sensors, so it is costly.Not simply a single component various technology components are used i.e. software, system integrators, the power generators.*

CONCLUSIONWith the increasing world population, thereby increasing demand the need to be smart and efficient in our energy usage has become an imperative.Implementation of Smart Grid concept would go a long way in solving many of the present energy issues and problems.As the new technologies would be invented and existing ones boosted up to meet the desired specifications the Smart Grid would become a reality and change the whole energy pattern throughout the world.

*

*