Project on

INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMUnder the Guidance of

Loitongbam Surajkumar SinghAssistant Professor,

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Seminar Presentationby

MD ARIF HUSSAIN (10UEC014)MD IMANUL HAQUE ( 10UEC015)PATRICK YUMNAM ( 10UEC022)

THOUNAOJAM JITESHWOR SINGH ( 10UEC27)YUMNAM SANATHOITHOIBA SINGH ( 10UEC029)

Contents

Introduction Abstract Embedded Systems Design Strategy Block Diagram Hardware Requirements Software Requirements System Design System Operation Conclusion

Introduction

The continuous increase in the congestion level on public roads, especially at rush hours, is a critical problem in many countries and is becoming a major concern to transportation specialists and decision makers.

The existing methods for traffic management, surveillance and control are not adequately efficient in terms of the performance, cost, and the effort needed for maintenance and support.

India loses Rs 60,000 crore a year due to congestion (including fuel wastage.

The pre-defined control of the traffic is unable to cope with the menace of

Abstract

• The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal system.

• The signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at the junction.

• Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world and it has become a nightmare for the commuters in these cities.

• Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to each side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic density.

• Junction timings allotted are fixed. • Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands

longer green time as compared to standard allotted time.

Embedded Systems

• An Embedded system is an integration of computer hardware and software.

• In fact, software is embedded inside the hardware.• Physically, embedded systems range from portable

devices such as digital watches and MP3 players to stationary installations like factory controllers, traffic lights or the systems controlling the nuclear power plants.

• With advances in VLSI technology, embedded systems have become so inexpensive that they are found in most of today’s electronic devices.

Design Strategy

• The proposed model basically employs the IR sensing. • The technique applies the fact that IR rays radiated by an IR LED is

blocked when the vehicle is present while they are detected by the photodiode when unobstructed by the vehicles.

• The roadsides along the roads around the crossing are installed with IR LEDs and photodiodes, facing each other, along each single way.

• The signal, whether IR rays, emitted from the LEDs, is detected by the photodiodes, serves as the input to the control unit.

• The control unit processes the input signal and generates a control output signal as a function of the sensor inputs.

• The control signal dictates the release or restrain of vehicular movement along each way depending upon the relative density variance.

• The direction with heavier density is released relative to the lighter density direction, which subsequently is restrained.

Block Diagram

Figure: Block Diagram of Intelligent Traffic Control System

Hardware Requirements

89S52 Microcontroller 7805 Voltage Regulator IR LED Photodiode LED

89S52 Microcontroller

Features• Compatible with MCS®-51 Products• 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

– Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles• 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz• Three-level Program Memory Lock• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM• 32 Programmable I/O Lines• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters • Eight Interrupt Sources

PIN Description

Figure: 40 DPIP

Block Diagram of 89S52

Figure: Block Diagram of 89S52

7805 Voltage Regulator

Figure: 7805 Voltage Regulator

• Three-terminals- input leg (1), common leg(2) and output leg(3).

• Converts varying input voltage into a constant regulated output.

• ‘78’ signifies positive input voltage regulator.• ‘05’ signifies 5V output voltage.• Ability to drive 1A of current.• Typically, capacitor value is 0.1 MF.• Capacitor eliminates high frequency AC voltage.

IR LED• An IR LED, also known as IR • transmitter, is a special purpose• LED that transmits infrared rays• in the range of 760 nm wave-• length.• Such LEDs are usually made of –• arsenide or aluminium gallium arsenide. • They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as

sensors.• Extra high radiant power • Low forward voltage• High reliability

Photodiode

• A photodiode is a type of photo-detector.• Capable of converting light into either current or

voltage, depending upon the mode of operation.• Photodiodes are reverse biased.• Semiconductor diodes except that they may be

either exposed (to detect vacuum UV or X-rays) or packaged with a window or optical fibre connection to allow light to reach the sensitive part of the device.

LED

• A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source.• LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly

used for lighting. • When a light-emitting diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons

are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of light .

• This effect is called electroluminescence and the colour of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor.

• An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern.

• LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer life-time, improved robustness, smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability and reliability.

Software Requirements

Keil Compiler Embedded C

Keil Compiler• Keil is a German based Software development company. It provides

several development tools like• IDE (Integrated Development Environment)• Project Manager• Simulator• Debugger• C Cross Compiler, Cross Assembler,

Locator/Linker• The Keil ARM tool kit includes three main tools, assembler, compiler

and linker. • An assembler is used to assemble the ARM assembly program. • A compiler is used to compile the C source code into an object file. • A linker is used to create an absolute object module suitable for our in-

circuit emulator. 

Embedded C

• While embedded hardware forms the body of an embedded system, embedded processor acts as the brain and the embedded software acts as the soul.

• C language replaced the processor specific assembly language.

• Small and reasonably simpler to learn, understand, program and debug.

• Efficiency is high.• Large pool of C programmers.

Description

Figure: Overview of Traffic Condition

Schematic Circuit

Figure : Schematic Diagram of the Project

Flowchart

Figure: Flowchart

Conclusion

• The presented work is an attempt towards reducing the average waiting time of vehicles at a junction and makes the junction adaptive as per the current density of traffic at the junction.

• Algorithms for reducing the AWT at a junction have been defined. • The designed system is far more adaptive and effective with

respect to the conventional policy.• The simulation results that we obtain are ready to be

implemented in a real-time WSN framework. • The work may also prove to be saving on fuel.• Further, the Intelligent Traffic System along with other

technologies like RFID, GPRS and GPS can be a potential solution for high level traffic control.

Thank You…