Personal pronouns

Number Person Gender Personal pronouns

subject objectSingular 1st male/female I me

2nd male/female you you3rd male he him

female she herneuter it it

Plural 1st male/female we us

2nd male/female you you3rd male/female/neuter they them

Ejemplos:

I like coffee.John helped me.

Do you like coffee?John loves you.

He runs fast.Does John know him?

She is happy.Does Mary know her?

It is small.Luis likes it.

We are a family.Anthony helped us.

You are good friends.Does Tony know you?

They play basketball.Tim plays with them.

Ejercicios:

1. Completa las frases con los pronombres personales de sujeto correctos. Mira los nombres entre paréntesis.

a) ________ is dreaming. (George)b) ________ is green. (The car)c) ________ are on the wall. (The pictures)d) ________ is running. (The dog)e) ________ are watching TV. (My mother and I)f) ________ are in the garden. (The flowers)g) ________ is riding a bike. (John)h) ________ is from Bristol. (Vicky)i) ________ has got a brother. (Richard)j) ________ has got a computer. (Jane)

2. Reemplaza las palabras entre paréntesis por el pronombre personal correcto. Mary es la persona que habla. El símbolo (*) indica que te están preguntando a ti.

a) My name is Mary. (Mary) ________ am English. This is my family.b) My mum's name is Angie. (Angie) ________ is from Germany.c) Bob is my dad. (Bob) ________ is a writer.d) On the left you can see Simon. (Simon) ________ is my brother.e) (Sue and Simon) ________ are twins.f) Our dog is a female (hembre), Judy. (Judy) ________ is two years old.g) (Sue, Simon, Angie and Bob) ________ live in Canterbury.h) (Canterbury) ________ is not from London.i) My grandparents live in London. (My grandparents) ________ often come and see us.j) What can (*)________ tell me about your family?

3. Completa las frases usando el pronombre de objeto apropiado.

a. I can't see Mary. I can't see _____

b. Karen is next to Peter. Karen is next to _____

c. Can you help Peter and Ann? Can you help ______?

d. Drink your apple juice! Drink _____!

e. We are going to the cinema. Come with _____!

f. I went to the cinema with Joe and Tom. I went with _____

g. Mary and I are going shopping. _____ are going shopping.

h. The chair is very comfortable. Please sit in ___

i. The cat is sleeping. Do not disturb ____

j. Tom gave the book to Mary. He gave _____ the book.

To be (Ser/Estar)

El verbo "to be" es el verbo más importante del inglés y al mismo tiempo el más complicado. Se utiliza tanto como un verbo principal como un verbo auxiliar y es irregular en el presente y el pasado.

Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales).

Affirmative (Afirmativo)

Sujeto Presente simple Forma corta EspañolI am I'm Yo soy/estoyYou are You're Tú eres/estásHe/She is He's/She's Él/Ella es/estáIt is It's Es/estáWe are We're Nosotros somos/estamosYou are You're Vosotros sois/estáisThey are They're Ellos son/están

Negative (Negativo)

Sujeto Presente simple Forma corta EspañolI am not I'm not Yo no soy/estoyYou are not You're not/You aren't Tú no eres/estásHe/She is not He's/She's not/ He/She

isn'tÉl/Ella no es/está

It is not It's not/It isn't No es/estáWe are not We're not/ We aren't Nosotros no somos/estamosYou are not You're not/You aren't Vosotros no sois/estáisThey are not They're not/They aren't Ellos no son/están

Interrogative (Interrogativo)

Nota: En preguntas con el verbo "to be", el sujeto y el verbo cambian posiciones.

Presente simple EspañolAm I...? ¿Yo soy/estoy...?Are you...? ¿Tú eres/estás...?Is he/she...? ¿Él/Ella es/está...?Is it...? ¿Es/está...?Are we...? ¿Nosotros somos/estamos...?Are you...? ¿Vosotros sois/estáis...?Are they...? ¿Ellos son/están...?

Algunos de sus usos:

1. Se utiliza "to be" como verbo principal para mostrar el estado o las características de algo o alguien. También se puede utilizar con las preposiciones de lugar para indicar dónde algo está localizado.Ejemplos:

Con un sustantivo:

I am a teacher (Soy profesor).You aren't a student (No eres estudiante).Is he a doctor? (¿Él es el médico?).

Con una preposición de lugar + un sitio:

She is in New York (Ella está en Nueva York).They aren't at home (Ellos no están en casa).

Is the book on the table? (¿El libro está en la mesa?).

Con un adjetivo:

We are happy (Nosotros estamos contentos).He isn't sad (Él no está triste).Are you tired? (Estás cansado?).

--------------------------------------EJERCICIOS:

1. Utiliza el verbo to be en su forma correcta:

_______ Jane a teacher? No, she _________. She _________ a doctor.

_______ you American? No, I ________. I _________ Australian.

_______ John and Paul at home? No, they _______. They _______ at the university.

_______ the book on the table? No, it _______. It ________ on the chair.

_______ your father from Madrid? No, he ________. He ________ from Barcelona.

2. Transforma las siguientes frases en frases interrogativas o negativas según se pide en las instrucciones entre paréntesis.

a. Your brother is a doctor (frase negativa)

b. Teachers are on holiday in August. (frase interrogativa)

c. It is late. (frase interrogativa)

d. You are from Denmark (frase negativa)

e. They are my friends (frase negativa)

f. I am late for class (frase interrogativa)

g. You are at home this weekend (frase interrogativa)

h. This seat is free (frase interrogativa)

i. She is married (frase negativa)

j. Mary is happy here (frase negativa)

Time to read!

Tom works at a bank. He is the manager. He starts work every day at 8:00 am. He finishes work every day at 6:00 pm. He lives very close to the bank. He walks to work every day. His brother and sister also work at the bank, but they do not live close to it. They drive cars to work. They start work at 9:00 am. In the bank, Tom is the boss. He helps all the workers and tells them what to do. He likes his job. He is also very good at it. Many customers like Tom, and they say hello to him when they come to the bank. Tom likes to talk to the customers and to make them feel happy.He really likes his job.

1 . Answer the following questions:

a. What time does Tom start work?

b. Does Tom drive a car to work?

c. Does Tom live close to the bank?

d. Does Tom talk to customers?

e. How does Tom feel about his job? Does he like it?

2. Look for all the personal pronouns in the text. Are they subject or object pronouns?

3. Underline all the verbs in the text. What is the tense of those verbs?------------------------------------

Simple present

Use

1) repeated actions, habits

My friend often draws nice posters

First I get up, then I have breakfast

2) things in general

The sun rises in the East.

3) fixed arrangements, scheduled events

The plane flies to London every Monday

4) instructions

Open your books at page 34.

Form

Affirmative sentences:I

YouHe/She/it

WeYouThey

Examples:

I read books My brother reads booksWe sing pop songs She sings pop songsThey play handball John plays handball

Negative sentences:

IYou

He/She/itWeYouThey

Examples:

I like computersI do not (don't) like computers

My friend likes computersMy mum does not (doesn't) like computers

Questions:

IYou

He/She/itWeYouThey

Examples:

In questions, we use the auxiliary do

Do you play football? Does she play handball?

Do you like computers? Does he like computers?

Do they work at a bank?

Exercises:

1. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb in simple present:

a. They _________ hockey at school (play)

b. She __________e-mails (not - write)

c. ________ you ________ English? (speak)

d. My parents __________ fish (not like)

e. _________ Anne __________ any hobbies? (have)

f. Andy's brother ________ in an office. (work)

g. Leroy ________ very fast (not- read)

h. _________ Jim and Joe _________ the flowers every week? (water)

i. Ivonne's mother _______ a motorbike (not ride)

j. _________ Elizabeth _________ cola? (drink)