What is

• message designed to persuade its intended audience to think and behave in a certain manner

• is the spreading of in support of a cause

• The spreading of ideas, information, or rumorfor the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, cause or person.

propaganda

THE INFLUX OF LIBERAL IDEAS (FROM ABROAD)

THE SPANISH REVOLUTION 1868

THE OPENING OF SUEZ CANAL 1869

THE MARTYRDOM OF FATHERS GOMEZ, BURGOS, ZAMORA.

Factors that gave birth to Philippine Nationalism

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What is propaganda movement?

A peaceful crusade or campaign forreforms was done by means of pen andtongue to pressure the SpanishGovernment.

It was organized and participated by the ilustrados.

PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

Rise of the Propaganda Movement

It began in 1872, when Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora were executed at the Luneta.

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Cavite Mutiny

January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino soldiers and dock workers of Cavite, under the leadership of Sergeant La Madrid, mutinied and killed their Spanish officers.

Fathers Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora were accused of treason to Spain and tried in an unfair trial. They were sentenced to death by garrote on February 17, 1872 in Bagumbayan.

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...rise of Propaganda movement

• Work of promoting the welfare and

happiness of the fatherland.

• Aggressively but peacefully, by means of

writing and speeches, they crusaded for

reforms to rectify the evils of the Spanish

coalonial system.

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Why did the ilustradosin Europe undertake Propaganda movement?

The illustrados led the Filipinos’ quest for reforms. Because of their education and newly acquired wealth, they felt more confident about voicing out popular grievances. The illustrados did not succeeded in easing the sufferings of the Filipinos; but from this group arose another faction called the intelligentsia. The intelligentsia also wanted reforms; but they were more systematic and used a peaceful means called the Propaganda Movement.

Equality of the Filipinos and Spaniards before the laws.

Human rights for Filipinos.

Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.

Filipinizationof the Philippine parishes and expulsion of the friars

Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain.

Reforms desired by the Propaganda Movement

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Who were active in this movement?

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THE PROPAGANDISTS

were patriots who waged their movementby means of pen and tongue to expose the defects of Spanish rule in the philippines and urgency of reforms to remedy them.

They were the scions of good families, highly intelligent, educated, patriotic and courageous, who symbolized the flower of Filipino manhood.

The propagandists

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Forms of group

Filibusteros

Young men

Refugees

and Spanish Meztizos who had been expelled in Marianas during the attack on

liberals in the wake of Cavite Mutiny

Including the creoles

Who were sent for Spain for their studies

Who escaped the islands to break out persecution

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

Lawyer and journalist from Bulacan

He joined dupluhan and dalitan or literary jousts during fiestas

He satarized corrupt officials and friars during pintakasi (cockfighting day)

He wrote anti-friar pamphlets in simple yet forceful Tagalog

In 1882, he helped establish the Diariong Tagalog, the first bilingual newspaper; he edited the Tagalog section.

He released Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Mockeries), a manual of anticlerical commentary in the format of novena

… marcelo del pilar

He parodied the Lord’s Prayer, Hail Mary, the Apostles Creed, the Ten Commandments, the Act of Contrition, and the cathechism.

His house was burned mysteriously.

He left the Philippines in October 1888 to escape the prosecution of the friars

… marcelo del pilar

… marcelo del pilar

… marcelo del pilar

… marcelo del pilar

23

Dr. Jose P. Rizal

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

… graciano lopez jaena

He was from Iloilo

An orator

Fray Botod “Friar Potbelly” (1874). It is about a fictitious cleric named Fray Botod who arrived looking like a hungry mosquito and soon became stout because of the stocks taken from the people.

MARIANO PONCE

A medical student and biographical writer

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Propagandists Who’s who?

Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo The masters of brush

Pedro Paterno A lawyer and a man of letters

Antonio Luna Pharmacists and essayist

Pedro Serrano Laktaw Teacher- tutor of Prince Alfonso de Bourbon ( later King Alfonso XIII of Spain)

…propagandists

Jose Ma. Panganiban Linguist and essasysist

Fernando Canon Engineer and musician

Jose Alejandrino An engineer and a political writer

Isabelo delos Reyes Folklorist, newspaperman and a scholar

Dominador Gomez Physician, orator

…propagandists

Foreign Friends Of Propaganda Movement

Who’s who?

Ferdinand Blumentritt Austrian professor, scholar Dr. Rizal’s bestfriend Praised “Noli” and “Fili” and wrote a

prologue to Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Pilipinas (Paris, 1890)

Don Juan Atayde one of the liberal Spaniards who aided Filipino propagandists.

Founded the Circulo Hispano-Filipino in September 1882( a civic association of Spaniards and Filipinos in Madrid)

Published the newspaper Revisa del Circulo Hispano- Filipino.

Miguel Morayta Statesman, historian, and journalist Rizal’s professor at the Central

University of Madrid

…propagandists

Foreign Friends Of Propaganda Movement

Who’s who?

Francisco Pi y Margall Former president of the First Spanish Republic

Emilio Junoy A journalist Member of the Cortes

Manuel Ruiz Zorilla Parliamentarian Leader of the Spanish

Republican Party

…propagandists

Happened on March 1, 1888

The anti-friar demonstration of hundred of Filipino

Led by: Doroteo Cortes, Manila patriotic lawyer

Assisted by: M.H. del Pilar and Jose A. Ramos

( a London- educated rich merchant; leading masonic leader.)

The Anti- Friar Manifesto of 1888

It requested the expulsions of the friars from the Philippines.

Submissions of an anti- friar manifesto to acting Civil Gov. Jose Centeno addressed to Queen Regent

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La Solidaridad(organization)

A purely Filipino organization established in Barcelona on December 31, 1888

Galiciano Apacible was the President and Graciano Lopez Jaena was the Vice-President

La Solidaridad(newspaper)

Graciano Lopez Jaena founded this fortnightly newspaper in Barcelona on February 15, 1889. M.H. del Pilar helped prepare the issues

It was printed in Barcelona from February 15 to October 31, 1889, then in Madrid from November 15, 1889 to November 15, 1895.

M.H del Pilar

Dr. Jose Rizal

Mariano Ponce

Antonio Luna

Jose Ma. Panganiban

Dr. Pedro Paterno

Antonio Ma. Regidor

Isabelo delos Reyes

Eduardo de Lete

Jose Alejandrino

Professor Blumentrit

Dr. Morayta

Contributors of La Solidaridad

(Plaridel)

(Laong Laan)

(Tigbalang)

(Taga-ilog)

(Jomapa)

To portray vividly the deplorable

condition of the Philippines

To work peacefully for the political and

social reforms

To combat the evil forces of medievalism

and reaction

To advocate liberal ideas and progress

To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people

for democracy and happines

la solidaridad

Aims to:

“We are persuaded that there are no sacrifices that are too little to win the rights and the

liberty of a nation that is oppressed by slavery.”

(M.H. del Pilar’s farewell editorial)

The publication ended on Nov. 15, 1895 after an existence of seven years.

… la solidaridad

Literature of the Propaganda Movement

Despite its political spirit, the Propaganda Movement produced certain meritorious literary works which contributed to the blossoming of Filipino literature.

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Circulo Hispano Filipino

Established in 1882 by a group of Filipino students in Madrid led by Juan Atayde, retired army officer and Philippine born Spaniard

An organization composed of Filipino and Spaniards.

The aim of the association is reform the Philippines during Spaniards colonization.

…circulo hispano-filipino

…circulo hispano-filipino

The organization was able to publish the Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a newspaper aimed at expressing thoughts about the abusive Spanish government.

The publication was short-lived due to lack of funds and conflicting issues, thus leading to the dissolution of the organization.

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Kidlat Club

Kidlat Club – a social society of a temporary nature

Purpose:

To bring together the young Filipinos in the Frenchcapital so that they could enjoy their sojourn in thecity during the duration of the Exposition

Members:

Antonio & Juan Luna, Gregorio Aguilera, FernandoCanon, Lauro Dimayuga, Julio Llorente, GuillermoPuatu & Baldomero Roxas

…kidlat club

…freemasonry

…freemasonry

…freemasonry

• Every true Freemason will show tolerance and respect for the opinions of others and will behave with compassion and understanding to his fellows.

Brotherly love

• Freemasons strive for truth both in their view of themselves and in their dealings with others. Masonry requires high moral standards and its members endeavour to uphold these principles in their public and private lives.

Truth

• From earliest times Freemasons have been taught to help those in distress without detriment to their dependents, and to give their support to outside charities.

Relief

MASONIC PRINCIPLES

... freemasonry

Freemasonry or the masons, were a secret society composed of liberal and republican Spaniards in Spain.

Spanish Masons openly and freely critizedthe government the government policies and particulary lambasted the friars

Rizal joined Freemasonry to secure their aidin the fight against Friars in the Philippines

Many Filipino propagandists turned masons because they needed the help of masons in Spain and in other countries in their fight for reforms.

This organization called Freemasonry, consisted of fraternal lodges, which later evolved into social societies subsequently opened to non-masons

... freemasonry

Lodge Nilad was founded in Manila on January 6, 1892

In one of their meetings, the masons set forth their platforms

The masonic lodges in the country grew in number and eventually included women. The first woman to be admitted was Rosario Villaruel, who was initiated

as a member of the Lodge Walana.

Lodge Solidaridad founded in Madrid by MH del Pilar and Julio Llorente

It was recognized by the Grande Oriental Español in May 1890

It prospered that other Filipinos joined it including Jose Rizal, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Baldomero Roxas,

Galiciano Apacible, etc.

Revolucion founded by Lopez Jaena in Barcelona

It was recognized by the Grande Oriental Español in April 1889

It ended after Lopez Jaena resigned as Worshipful Master on November 29, 1889.

Masonic lodges in the Philippines

work for freedom and prosperity in

the Philippines

work for good government

ask for representation in

the Spanish Cortes

establish the Philippines as a

province of Spain

Mason in the Philippines

aims to

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La Liga Filipina“Unus Instar Omnium”

(One Like All)

… la liga filipina

a political association of patriotic Filipinos founded by Rizal to crusade for reforms.

founded by Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892 in a house at Ilaya St., Tondo

its constitution was written by Jose Rizal, helped by Jose Ma. Basa

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Mutual protection in all

cases of pressing necessity

Union of the Archipelago

into a compact, vigorous, and homogeneous

body

AIMS

Defense against all violence

and injustice

Encouragement of education,

agriculture, and commerce

Study and application of reforms

… la liga

filipina

President

Ambrosio Salvador

Fiscal

Agustin dela Rosa

Treasurer

Bonifacio Arevalo

Secretary

Deodato Arellano

… la liga filipina

Members

✔Andres Bonifacio

✔ApolinarioMabini

✔MamertoNatividad

✔AmbrosioRianzares Bautista

✔Moises Salvador

✔Jose A. Dizon

✔Domingo Franco

✔Timoteo Paez

✔Arcadio del Rosario

✔Numeriano Andriano

✔Timoteo Lanuza

… la liga

filipina

However, three days after the founding of Liga Filipina, Rizal was arrested by order of Governor General Despujol

On July 6, 1892, Rizal was exiled to Dapitan-known to be the Liga Filipina’s collapse.

… la liga filipina

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Is Propaganda Movement

Although the Propaganda had not brought reality changes and reforms in the country, the spirit of nationhood had its roots in the movement.

It iniated the voice of Filipinos to speak and came out of their cage.

It awakened the minds of the Filipinos and gave them a sense of culture identity.

The leaders are greedy and ambitious.

The cannot create change.

They only wanted reforms of their own interest.

They have lack of funds and internal conflict of the propagandists.

BOTH