Properties of Properties of MatterMatter

Look at this picture… What Look at this picture… What do you see?do you see?

Its all matterIts all matter

Everything around you is matter… even things Everything around you is matter… even things you do not see like air and microbesyou do not see like air and microbes

A Substance is matter that has a uniform and A Substance is matter that has a uniform and unchanging chemical compositionunchanging chemical composition

Table salt or NaCL, (Sodium Chloride) is a Table salt or NaCL, (Sodium Chloride) is a substancesubstance

Sea water is Sea water is

Not a substanceNot a substance

Substances are key in Substances are key in chemistrychemistry

Substances change into different Substances change into different substances. substances.

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

A Physical Property is a characteristic that can A Physical Property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the be observed or measured without changing the samples compositionsamples composition

Physical properties can describe matter and Physical properties can describe matter and substancessubstances

Examples: Density, Color, Odor, Taste, Examples: Density, Color, Odor, Taste, Hardness, Melting Point, Boiling PointHardness, Melting Point, Boiling Point

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

Another property of matter are chemical Another property of matter are chemical propertiesproperties

Chemical Properties are the ability of a Chemical Properties are the ability of a substance to combine with or change into substance to combine with or change into one or more substancesone or more substances

States of MatterStates of Matter All matter exists as one of three physical All matter exists as one of three physical

formsforms

Solids – a form of matter that has its own Solids – a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volumedefinite shape and volume

Wood, Iron and Paper are examplesWood, Iron and Paper are examples

The particles of a solid are packed tightly The particles of a solid are packed tightly together and when heated they expandtogether and when heated they expand

LiquidLiquid

Liquids are a form of matter that flows, Liquids are a form of matter that flows, has constant volume and takes the shape has constant volume and takes the shape of its containerof its container

Ex. Water, Blood, MercuryEx. Water, Blood, Mercury The particles in a liquid are The particles in a liquid are

not held rigidly together and are not held rigidly together and are

less closely packed than solids and can less closely packed than solids and can move past each other.move past each other.

GasGas

A gas is a form of matter that expands to fill the A gas is a form of matter that expands to fill the entire containerentire container

The particles of gas are very far apart The particles of gas are very far apart compared to liquids and solidscompared to liquids and solids

Gases can be compressed because they are Gases can be compressed because they are so far apartso far apart

Vapor is the gaseous state of a substance that Vapor is the gaseous state of a substance that is solid or liquid at room temperatureis solid or liquid at room temperature

workwork Classify the 3 following events as physical or chemical Classify the 3 following events as physical or chemical

properties.properties. 1. Water and oil not mixing together1. Water and oil not mixing together 2. A screwdriver rusting due to being outside2. A screwdriver rusting due to being outside 3. Vinegar and Baking soda reacting to make a 3. Vinegar and Baking soda reacting to make a

“volcano”“volcano” 4. Which of the following pictures shows a solid, 4. Which of the following pictures shows a solid,

which a liquid, which a gas?which a liquid, which a gas?

A. B. C. A. B. C.

AnswersAnswers Classify the 3 following events as physical or chemical Classify the 3 following events as physical or chemical

properties.properties. 1. Water and oil not mixing together1. Water and oil not mixing together physical physical 2. A screwdriver rusting due to being outside2. A screwdriver rusting due to being outside chemical chemical 3. Vinegar and Baking soda reacting to make a 3. Vinegar and Baking soda reacting to make a

“volcano”“volcano” chemical chemical 4. Which of the following pictures shows a solid 4. Which of the following pictures shows a solid A A, ,

which a liquid which a liquid C C, which a gas, which a gas B B

A. B. C. A. B. C.

Changes in MatterChanges in Matter

Copper can undergo physical changes and Copper can undergo physical changes and chemical changeschemical changes

Physical: It can be drawn outPhysical: It can be drawn out into a wireinto a wire

Chemical: When combinedChemical: When combined with Ammonia it turns a with Ammonia it turns a Blue-ish colorBlue-ish color

Physical ChangePhysical Change

Changes which alter a substance without Changes which alter a substance without changing its composition are physical changing its composition are physical changes.changes.

Ex. Cutting a piece of paper, breaking a Ex. Cutting a piece of paper, breaking a crystalcrystal

Name some other physical changesName some other physical changes

Phase changes – a form Phase changes – a form of physical changeof physical change

As temperature and/or pressure change substances As temperature and/or pressure change substances can change forms or phasescan change forms or phases

At 0At 0° Celsius water or H2O exists as a solid, known as ° Celsius water or H2O exists as a solid, known as iceice

As heat is added the ice melts it becomes liquid water.As heat is added the ice melts it becomes liquid water. When the temperature of the liquid water reaches 100 ° When the temperature of the liquid water reaches 100 °

Celsius it changes again it Vapor, the gaseous form of Celsius it changes again it Vapor, the gaseous form of waterwater

These changes are physical because even though the These changes are physical because even though the water in different states has different appearances, it is water in different states has different appearances, it is still water, Hstill water, H22OO

Phase Change VocabularyPhase Change Vocabulary

The words; Boil, Freeze, Condense, The words; Boil, Freeze, Condense, Vaporize, or Melt, are referring to phase Vaporize, or Melt, are referring to phase changeschanges

Phase changes indicate matter changing Phase changes indicate matter changing from liquid to gas, solid to liquid, etc.from liquid to gas, solid to liquid, etc.

Chemical ChangesChemical Changes

A process that involves one or more A process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances changing into new substances is a chemical change or substances is a chemical change or chemical reactionchemical reaction

Substances formed in the reaction have Substances formed in the reaction have different compositions and different different compositions and different properties than the starting substancesproperties than the starting substances

Evidence of Chemical Evidence of Chemical ReactionsReactions

Always produces a change in propertiesAlways produces a change in properties

SOMETHING NEW!!!!

Law of Conservation of Law of Conservation of MassMass

Mass is neither created nor destroyed Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reactionduring a chemical reaction

Mass of reactants = Mass of ProductsMass of reactants = Mass of Products

Discovered in the 1700s by Antoine Discovered in the 1700s by Antoine Lavoisier Lavoisier

ExampleExample

In an experiment, 10.0g of red mercury (II) In an experiment, 10.0g of red mercury (II) oxide powder is placed in an open flask and oxide powder is placed in an open flask and heated until it is converted to liquid mercury heated until it is converted to liquid mercury and oxygen gas. The liquid mercury has a and oxygen gas. The liquid mercury has a mass 9.26g. What is the mass of the Oxygen mass 9.26g. What is the mass of the Oxygen gas formed in the reaction?gas formed in the reaction?

Remember the Law Of Conservation OF Mass.Remember the Law Of Conservation OF Mass.

More workMore work Identify the following as physical or chemical Identify the following as physical or chemical

changeschanges 1. Liquid Nitrogen is released on the floor of the 1. Liquid Nitrogen is released on the floor of the

classroom, it quickly evaporates and is suddenly classroom, it quickly evaporates and is suddenly gone.gone.

2. A firework is lit and quickly launches into the air 2. A firework is lit and quickly launches into the air and then explodes into a beautiful red circle.and then explodes into a beautiful red circle.

3. You are having a glass of iced tea on a hot 3. You are having a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, you suddenly notice your glass is summer day, you suddenly notice your glass is “sweating” and is covered with tiny drops of water “sweating” and is covered with tiny drops of water outside the glassoutside the glass

More More AnswersAnswers Identify the following as physical or chemical Identify the following as physical or chemical

changeschanges 1. Liquid Nitrogen is released on the floor of the 1. Liquid Nitrogen is released on the floor of the

classroom, it quickly evaporates and is suddenly classroom, it quickly evaporates and is suddenly gone. gone. physicalphysical

2. A firework is lit and quickly launches into the air 2. A firework is lit and quickly launches into the air and then explodes into a beautiful red circle. and then explodes into a beautiful red circle. chemicalchemical

3. You are having a glass of iced tea on a hot 3. You are having a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, you suddenly notice your glass is summer day, you suddenly notice your glass is “sweating” and is covered with tiny drops of water “sweating” and is covered with tiny drops of water outside the glass outside the glass physicalphysical

Classifying MatterClassifying Matter We classify matter as either Substances We classify matter as either Substances

(having a uniform composition) and (having a uniform composition) and Mixtures.Mixtures.

Mixtures are a combination of two or more Mixtures are a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure pure substances in which each pure substance retains its own propertiessubstance retains its own properties

Heterogeneous MixtruesHeterogeneous Mixtrues

Heterogeneous Mixtures do not blend Heterogeneous Mixtures do not blend smoothly throughout and individual smoothly throughout and individual substances are visiblesubstances are visible

Homogeneous MixturesHomogeneous Mixtures

Homogeneous mixtures have the same Homogeneous mixtures have the same composition throughout and always have composition throughout and always have a single phase.a single phase.

Also referred to as solutionsAlso referred to as solutions

Different types of Different types of solutionssolutions

Gas-Gas - air is a mix of Nitrogen, Gas-Gas - air is a mix of Nitrogen, oxygen, and argon gasesoxygen, and argon gases

Gas-Liquid - Carbonated beveragesGas-Liquid - Carbonated beverages Solid-Liquid - Kool-Aid contains sugar Solid-Liquid - Kool-Aid contains sugar

and other solids in waterand other solids in water Solid-Solid – Steel is an alloy of iron Solid-Solid – Steel is an alloy of iron

containing carboncontaining carbon

Separating Mixtures – most Separating Mixtures – most matter exists as mixturesmatter exists as mixtures

Filtration – using paper or another Filtration – using paper or another porous material to separate heterogeneous porous material to separate heterogeneous mixturesmixtures

Distillation – uses differences of Distillation – uses differences of boiling points of liquids to separateboiling points of liquids to separatea homogeneous mixture of liquidsa homogeneous mixture of liquids

Separating MatterSeparating Matter

Crystallization – forming solids from a liquid Crystallization – forming solids from a liquid solution containing solidssolution containing solids

Chromatography – separates components of Chromatography – separates components of a mixture on tendency to move across a mixture on tendency to move across another material ( not covered but another material ( not covered but

You should remember this)You should remember this)

Elements and CompoundsElements and Compounds

An element is a pure substance which can not be An element is a pure substance which can not be separated into a simpler form by physical or chemical separated into a simpler form by physical or chemical meansmeans

91 naturally occurring elements on earth91 naturally occurring elements on earth (Copper, Gold, Silver, Hydrogen etc.)(Copper, Gold, Silver, Hydrogen etc.)

Each has a one or two letter symbolEach has a one or two letter symbol

Au= gold, O= oxygen, Hg = Mercury, C= carbon Au= gold, O= oxygen, Hg = Mercury, C= carbon

CompoundsCompounds

Compounds are combinations of two or more Compounds are combinations of two or more different elements that are combined different elements that are combined chemicallychemically

Water, table salt, aspirin are all compoundsWater, table salt, aspirin are all compounds

Table Salt = Sodium (Na) Chloride (Cl) or NaClTable Salt = Sodium (Na) Chloride (Cl) or NaCl Water = Di-Hydrogen (H2) Oxide (O) or H2OWater = Di-Hydrogen (H2) Oxide (O) or H2O

THE ENDTHE END