Propositum: DWBAT define noun cases and analyze how noun endings correspond to Latin cases and functions

Statim: 1. Take a new packet from the front of the room and fill out

the heading at the top

2. Wait to receive back your COTIDIANA from last week and place it in the ‘Graded Assessments’ section of your binder

3. Fill in the missing blank definitions for SUBJECT, DIRECT OBJECT, INDIRECT OBJECT and PREDICATE NOMINATIVE under the The Functions of Nouns in Latin heading on pg. 1 of your packet

9/15/14

PENSUM # 6

• COTIDIANA #3 (on Wednesday)– Study your nominative and accusative noun

endings for a quiz

The Functions of Nouns in Latin• So far we’ve learned about 4 different roles, or functions, nouns can

have in sentences:

– Subject = – Direct Object = – Indirect Object = – Predicate Nominative =

• In Latin, the different roles, or functions, that nouns can play are expressed by something called CASES.

• There are 6 different cases in Latin: NOMINATIVE, GENITIVE, DATIVE, ACCUSATIVE, ABLATIVE and VOCATIVE.

– This week we will learn about 2 of those cases, the nominative and the accusative.

do-er or be-er of the verb

receives the action of the verbthe person/thing TO or FOR whom/which an action is done

describes the subject in a sentence in which the verb is a condition or occurrence

The Nominative Case and Accusative Cases in Latin

As we examined last week, Latin word order (syntax) can very ! Therefore, unlike in English, we CANNOT rely on word order to figure out whether

a word is a subject or a direct object. Instead, we must look at the of a word in order to figure out what function it has.

These different noun endings tell us what a noun is in, and CASE tells us

what function the noun has. In Latin, the subject and predicate nominative are represented by the

NOMINATIVE case. In Latin, the direct object is represented by the ACCUSATIVE case.

unpredictable

ending

CASE

EXERCITĀTIO- THE NOMINATIVE CASE

Directions: For each of the following sentences, annotate, translate, determine the function of each word, and isolate the ENDING that corresponds to each word. Use the vocabulary listed below to help you.

1. Gaia est dea.– Translation: – Function of Gaia: – Function of dea:– NOMINATIVE ending:

Gaia is a goddess.

subjectpredicate nominative

-a

EXERCITĀTIO- THE ACCUSATIVE CASE

Directions: For each of the following sentences, annotate, translate, determine the function of each word, and isolate the ENDING that corresponds to each word. Use the vocabulary listed below to help you.

5. Gaia et Ūranus fīliam, Vestam, habent. – Translation: – Function of fīliam: – ACCUSATIVE ending:

Gaia and Uranus have a daughter, Vesta.direct object

-am

Groupwork

• Directions: For each of the following sentences (#2-8), annotate, translate, determine the function of each word, and isolate the ENDING that corresponds to each word. Use the vocabulary listed below to help you.

• Then summarize your findings by completing the chart on pg. 4 with all of the endings you found for the nominative and accusative cases

NOMINATIVE Endings

a us

ae ī

ACCUSATIVE Endings

am um

ās ōs

Exerceāmus!

Independent Work• Directions: Practice applying nominative and

accusative endings to the following nouns.

a ae

am ās

us ī

um ōs

Propositum: DWBAT translate Latin sentences in context using knowledge of Latin grammar and syntax

Statim: 1. Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz

2. If you did not receive a check of your work yesterday, keep your packet CLOSED on your desk in front of you

3. Complete the 2 charts and fill in the missing blanks at the top of pg. 5 under the heading NOUN GENDER AND DECLENSION

9/17/14

PENSUM # 8

• Complete your annotation and translation of ‘THE RISE OF JUPITER’ on pg. 9

• COTIDIANA #4 (on Friday)– Identifying a noun’s declension and parts of a

dictionary entry

STATIMsubjects predicate

nominatives

a ae us ī

direct objects

am ās um ōs

GENDER

• The GENDER of a noun is given in its dictionary/vocabulary entry.– Ex. fīlia, fīliae f. daughter f. = feminine– fīlus, fīliī m. son m. =

masculine– caelum, caelī n. sky n. = neuter

• The gender of a noun never changes. It must be memorized for every noun.

2nd Declension Endings- Neuter

2 RULES FOR NEUTER GENDER NOUNS I. II. N.B. These RULES are never broken.

-um-um

-a

-a

The nominative sg. and accusative sg. endings are the same

The nominative pl. and accusative pl. endings are the same

NEUTER Nouns

• For the neuter gender, because nominatives and accusative nouns look the same, you may encounter sentences in which a noun could be a subject/predicate nominative OR a direct object…

Ūranus caelum regit. (caelum, caelī n. sky | regit rules)

What case is caelum? _________________________________Why?

accusativeŪranus MUST be nominative because it ends in –us. Therefore, caelum must be accusative because there is already a subject of the sentence.

NEUTER Nouns

• fīliōs monstrum terret. (monstrum, monstrī n. monster | terret frightens)

• – What case is monstrum? – Why?

nominative

fīliōs MUST be accusative because it ends in –ōs.Therefore, monstrum must be nominative because there is already a direct object of the sentence.

NOUN DECLENSIONS • By now we’ve seen a lot of different endings for the nominative and

accusative cases. In order to determine which endings CAN be added to which nouns, we need to be able to determine what DECLENSION a noun belongs to.

• • A noun DECLENSION is like a family; it is a way of labeling a noun based

on the group of endings that noun can take on• • Every noun has a DECLENSION. A noun’s DECLENSION NEVER CHANGES!• • In order to determine what DECLENSION a noun belongs to, we need to

look at the 2nd word in its dictionary entry. This is called the GENITIVE SINGULAR form.

NOUN DECLENSIONS

fīlia, fīliae f. daughter

_________ ________ __________ __________

Because this noun’s GENITIVE SINGULAR form

ends in –AE, it belongs to the 1st declension

nominative singular form

genitive singular form gender definition

COMMONALITIES IN NOUN ENDINGS

What case and number are the following nouns?

silva (from silva, silvae, f. forest)

caela (from caelum, caelī, n. sky)

Although silva and caela both end in ‘-a’, silva is in the case (singular) because it’s a 1st declension noun, while caela can be either in the or case (plural) because it’s a 2nd declension neuter noun.

Therefore, it’s important to know both the and

of a noun in order to know what case that noun is in

nominative

nominative accusative

declension gender

EXERCITĀTIO

Directions: • Identify the declension of and circle the

gender for all of the nouns in your VOCABULARIA below

• Annotate and translate the sentences below

Propositum: DWBAT translate Latin sentences in context using knowledge of Latin grammar and syntax

Statim: 1. Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz

2. If you did not receive a check of your work yesterday, keep your packet CLOSED on your desk in front of you

9/17/14

PENSUM # 8

• Complete your annotation and translation of ‘THE RISE OF JUPITER’ on pg. 9

• COTIDIANA #4 (on Friday)– Identifying a noun’s declension and parts of a

dictionary entry

EXERCITĀTIODirections: Annotate and translate the sentences below

3. aliī fīliī sunt pulchrī et aliī fīliī sunt taetrī.

4. Ūranus taetrōs fīliōs in antrō cēlat et Gaia lacrimat.

5. ūnus fīlius, Sāturnus, Ūranum vincit.

Some sons/children are beautiful and other sons/children are ugly.

Uranus hides the ugly children in a cave and Gaia cries.

One son, Saturn, defeats Uranus.

aliī fīliī sunt taetrī.

Ūranus taetrōs fīliōs in antrō celat.

ūnus fīlius, Sāturnus, Ūranum vincit.

THE RISE OF JUPITER1. Gaia orāculum suō fīliō dīcit: ‘tuus fīlius tē vincet.’

2. Sāturnus suum rēgnum amat et fīliōs dēvorat. Rhea, uxor*

3. Sāturnī audit et pro fīliō saxum parat. Sāturnus saxum nōn

4. videt et id* dēvorat. Rhea fīlium capit et eum* ad Crētam dūcit.

5. fīlius est Iuppiter*.

6. Iuppiter Sāturnum saxa vomere cogit. Iuppiter quoque

7. aliōs fīliōs et fīliās Gaiae ex antrō liberat. Iuppiter, suī germanī

8. et germanae, Sāturnum vincunt.

Gaia tells a prophecy to her son: ‘Your son will conquer you.’

‘The Rise of Jupiter’

• Groupwork– Annotate and translate with one other person at

your table• Annotate BEFORE you translate!• Nōtāte bene!

– Nouns in italics are NOT in either the accusative or nominative cases and their translations are provided for you in the vocabulary box

– Nouns labeled with an asterisk (*) are either in the nominative or accusative but they have endings we haven’t yet learned

TBLS Locker Expectations

Availability • Discipuli may use lockers in the morning, between 7:45 and 7:59

a.m.; during passing time between recitations; at the end of the day, for 15 minutes (Monday, Wednesday and Thursday, 2:30-2:45; Tuesday, 3:10-3:25; Friday 1:50-2:05).

• D. may enter classrooms to use lockers during or following office hours only for emergencies and with the permission of office hour magistri.

• D. may not enter classrooms to use lockers after R1 has begun, or during any other recitation, unless there is a clear emergency. Magistri should provide a written pass for discipuli, should they deem it necessary for them to use their lockers in another room.

Contents

• Electronics stored in lockers must be turned off. Should magistri have to enter lockers to retrieve noisy electronics, they may be subject to confiscation, and returned to parents or guardians.

• Food and drinks may not be stored in lockers.

• Dirty or smelly clothes, body sprays, or anything else that might disturb others may not be stored in lockers.

Locks

• Lockers must be locked at all times. Magistri are not responsible for securing lockers or their contents, should they be left unlocked.

• Discipuli should only use school-issued locks. They are free to borrow; however, if they are lost, D. must pay for replacements. Any personal locks placed on lockers may be subject to removal.

• Magistri are not responsible for lost or stolen locker contents. D. should only share lockers with someone they know and trust.

Behavior

• D. may not use electronics, eat or drink at their lockers.

• D. should avoid slamming locker doors.

• If D. must change clothes, they should do so in the latrina, rather than at their lockers.

Propositum: DWBAT translate Latin sentences in context using knowledge of Latin grammar and syntax

Statim: 1. Take out your packet and a red pen and turn to your HW

2. Take out a piece of looseleaf to take notes

3. Identify the declension numbers of the following nouns and write them next to their entries on the VOCABULARIA box on pg. 9:

1. antrum, antrī n. cave2. germanus, germanī m. brother3. germana, germanae f. sister4. orāculum, orāculī n. prophecy, oracle5. rēgnum, rēgnī n. kingdom6. Rhea, Rheae f. Rhea7. saxum, saxī n. rock, stone

9/18/14

2nd 2nd

1st 2nd

2nd

1st 2nd

Identify the 4 parts of the following noun’s dictionary entry:

saxum, saxī n. rock, stone________ ________ _______ ______nominative

singular formgenitive singular form

gender definition

PENSUM # 8

• Complete your annotate and translation of ‘The Olympians’ on pg. 10

• COTIDIANA #4 (tomorrow)– Identifying a noun’s declension and parts of a

dictionary entry

THE RISE OF JUPITER1. Gaia orāculum suō fīliō dīcit: ‘tuus fīlius tē vincet.’

2. Sāturnus suum rēgnum amat et fīliōs dēvorat. Rhea, uxor*

3. Sāturnī audit et pro fīliō saxum parat. Sāturnus saxum nōn

4. videt et id* dēvorat. Rhea fīlium capit et eum* ad Crētam dūcit.

5. fīlius est Iuppiter*.

6. Iuppiter Sāturnum saxa vomere cogit. Iuppiter quoque

7. aliōs fīliōs et fīliās Gaiae ex antrō liberat. Iuppiter, suī germanī

8. et germanae, Sāturnum vincunt.

Gaia tells a prophecy to her son: ‘Your son will conquer you.’

Saturn loves his kingdom and swallows (his) children.

Rhea, the wife of Saturn, hears (this) and prepares a stone in place of (her) son.

Saturn does not see the stone and swallows it. Rhea takes (her) son and leads him to Crete.The son is Jupiter.

Jupiter forces Saturn to vomit out the stones.

Jupiter also frees the other sons and daughters of Gaia from the cave.

Jupiter, his brothers and sisters, conquer Saturn.

COMPREHENSIŌ

1. Why does Saturn swallow his children?2. For what reason does Rhea prepare a stone?3. How does Rhea save her son, Jupiter?4. How does Gaia’s prophecy eventually come

true?

‘The Olympians’

• Groupwork– Annotate and translate with one other person at

your table• Annotate BEFORE you translate!• Nōtāte bene!

– Nouns in italics are NOT in either the accusative or nominative cases and their translations are provided for you in the vocabulary box

– Nouns labeled with an asterisk (*) are either in the nominative or accusative but they have endings we haven’t yet learned

Propositum: DWBAT form nouns in Latin in the correct number and case according to their function in a sentence

Statim: 1. Take out your packet and your binder and

place them under your desk

2. Take out a piece of looseleaf for your quiz and a pen to write with

9/19/14

COTIDIANA #4

1. Identify the declension number of each of the following nouns:1. focus, focī m. fireplace, hearth _____2. aqua, aquae f. water _____3. frūmentum, frūmentī n. grain, crop ____4. rēgina, rēginae f. queen _____5. equus, equī m. horse _____

2. Label the 4 parts of the dictionary for the following noun:

rēgina, rēginae f. queen

____________ ___________ ____________ ___________

2nd 1st

2nd 1st

2nd

nominative singular form

genitive singular form gender definition

STATIMEXERCITĀTIO- NOMINATIVE AND ACCUSATIVE PRACTICE

a) 1st declension nouns are mostly _______________________ in gender

b) 2nd declension nouns are mostly either __________________ or _____________________ in gender

c) Neuter nouns always have the same ______________singular and ___________________ singular endings

d) Neuter nouns also always have the same nominative ________________ endings and the same accusative_________________ endings

e) It is important to know the declension and gender of a noun in order to be able to tell what _________________ that noun is in, and therefore what role it plays in the sentence.

feminine

masculineneuter

nominativeaccusative

pluralplural

case

2. Annotate and translate the following sentences:Circle subjects (subjects are in the _________________ case)Underline verbs (verb endings agree in number with the _______ of the verb)Box direct objects (direct objects are in the ___________________ case)

a) dea filium videt. = ___________________________b) deam filius videt. = __________________________c) vident deae filiōs = ___________________________d) filiī vident deās = ____________________________e) dea caela regit.= _____________________________f) caelum capit Iuppiter. = _______________________

nominativesubject

accusative

The son/child sees the goddess.

3. Annotate and supply the correct Latin word form for the words in brackets:

a) [The gods] (in Olympō) bellum parant.• deī (nom. pl. 2nd decl. from deus, -ī m.)

b) Iuppiter [the sky] regit. _____________________caelum (acc. sg. 2nd decl.)

EXERCITĀTIO- NOMINATIVE AND ACCUSATIVE PRACTICE

• Complete sections 2 and 3 with a partner from your table– Be careful of the WORD ORDER in section 2!

Annotate these sentences BEFORE you translate them

• I will come around to check HW while you are working

– [The kingdoms] deās et deōs servant._____________________

– Olympiī (the Titans) vincunt. _____________________– dea (her children) amat. _____________________– (The goddesses) saxa petunt. _____________________– Saturnus (prophecy) audit. _____________________– Gaia (Uranus) vincit. _____________________– (The sibilings) terram regunt. _____________________