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B AY L O RU N I V E R S I T Y

P R O V O S T ’ S R E P O R T 2 0 0 1B A Y L O R

U N I V E R S I T Y

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PAIDWaco, TX

Permit No. 210

Provost’s Report 2001

Robert B. Sloan, Jr.President and CEO

Donald D. SchmeltekopfProvost and Vice President for Academic Affairs

Dianna M. VitanzaVice Provost for Academic Affairs

Thomas L. CharltonVice Provost for Research

Lois P. FergusonAssistant Provost for Academic Services

David R. BrooksVice President for Finance and Administration

Marilyn A. CroneVice President for Human Resources

Harold R. CunninghamVice President for Special Projects

Charles S. MaddenVice President for University Relations

Steven G.W. MooreVice President for Student Life

Richard C. ScottVice President for University Development

Council of DeansWallace L. Daniel, Jr., College of Arts and Sciences

Terry S. Maness, Hankamer School of BusinessRobert J. Yinger, School of Education

Benjamin S. Kelley, School of Engineering and Computer ScienceWilliam V. May, School of Music

Phyllis S. Karns, Louise Herrington School of NursingJ. Larry Lyon, Graduate School

Bradley J.B. Toben, School of LawJ. Randall O’Brien, George W. Truett

Theological Seminary (Acting)William B. Hair, III, Libraries (Acting)

The Provost’s Report is published annually by the Office of the Provost and the Office of Public Relations.

Comments or questions should be directed to:

Office of Public RelationsPO Box 97024

Waco, TX 76798-7024tel: 254 710 1961 • fax: 254 710 1490

Larry D. BrumleyAssociate Vice President for Communications

Larry_Brumley@baylor.edu

Brenda S. TackerDirector of Publications and University Editor

Brenda_Tacker@baylor.edu

Vicki Marsh KabatAssociate Director of Publications

Vicki_Marsh-Kabat@baylor.edu

Eric D. YarbroughArt Director

WritersClaudia Beal, Julie Carlson, Randy Fiedler,

Lori Scott Fogleman, and LoAna Lopez

PhotographersJoe Griffin, Chris Hansen, and Billy Howard

Graphic DesignECCO Design & Communications, LLC

http://www.baylor.edu or http://pr.baylor.edu

Baylor University complies with all applicable federal and state nondiscrimination laws and does not engage in pro-

hibited discrimination on the basis of race, color, nationality or ethnic origin, sex, age, or disability in

employment or the provision of services.

on the cover: Dr. Hui-Min Chang, a postdoctoral research associate from Taiwan, left, and Jenny Wettergren, a Swedish pharmaceutical intern in Baylor’s Center for Drug Discovery, mix solutions in one of Baylor’s biomedical studies laboratories (See story on page 8).

Table of Contents11 Aspiring to a New Level of Scholarship

by Claudia BealBaylor’s recruitment of nationally renowned scholars enhances the University’s intellectual leadership in the academic community.

13 The Intersection of Literature and Faith: Dr. Ralph C. WoodA ‘Public Intellectual’ Who Speaks to the World: Dr. Marc C. EllisThe Spirit of Scholarly Inquiry: Dr. Carl G. VaughtConnecting People, Ideas: Dr. David L. JeffreyExploring the Human Psyche: Dr. Robert C. RobertsProfiles by Claudia Beal

18 Discovering New Areas of Knowledgeby Julie Campbell CarlsonMultidisciplinary programs integrate academic fields to provide a curriculum rich in discovery.

10 Thinking Like a Scientist by LoAna Lopez

11 Battling the Super Bugs by Julie Campbell CarlsonTwo graduates of Baylor’s multidisciplinary programs relate how their education enriched, broadened their perspectives.

12 Baylor’s Institutes and Centers

13 The Oral Historian: Dr. Thomas L. Charltonby Lori Scott Fogleman

14 The Language of Scienceby LoAna LopezNew doctoral program in math strengthens core disciplines.

16 A Global Outlookby Randy FiedlerBaylor’s International Studies Program ranks seventh nationally.

18 Super Satellite Shieldsby Claudia BealCenter’s innovative research reaches into outer space.

22 Some Recent Project Grants

I PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE III PROVOST’S MESSAGE

Interdisciplinary study is where many of the most interesting

questions reside. It is that belief that has led Baylor University

to pioneer a number of programs, centers, and institutes to

explore these areas of undiscovered knowledge that lie

between the boundaries of existing academic fields.

We are acutely aware that education in traditional disci-

plines is critical, but, at the same time, we acknowledge that

our disciplines are artificial. Life is not really packaged

according to biology, history, art, chemistry, physics, and

sociology. Rather, these are simply useful descriptions given

to control the limits of our studies. They are usually applied

according to certain subject areas and often associated with

certain methods. All of us must work from the assumption that

our fields of knowledge, if we knew all that could be known,

would cohere, would “link up” with one another. Or, if you

think of knowledge as drops of ink on absorbent paper, one

drop would eventually flow into another.

That possibility suggests why interdisciplinary study is so

important. As academics, we must be willing to remove

these artificially imposed brackets. Consider this: Virtually

every discipline in the modern university was at one point in

its history a “new” discipline, usually an “interdisciplinary”

study, that went through a process of becoming an accepted

body of knowledge.

Baylor University takes seriously the unity of truth and is not

afraid to explore the interface between entrepreneurship and

the environment, between the Human Genome Project and

moral theology, between chemistry and psychology, physics

and philosophy, and biology and religion, to name a few.

This Provost’s Report focuses on the exciting work being

accomplished at Baylor in interdisciplinary studies. Revolutionary

research now being conducted in our laboratories, classrooms,

and field stations will be considered prescient by future gener-

ations. The report’s theme of “Scholarship at the Boundaries”

calls to mind exploration and discovery. I can think of no edu-

cational pursuits more appropriate for the young people who

have been entrusted to this University.

Robert B. Sloan, Jr.

President

P r o v o s t ’ s R e p o r t 2 0 0 1 B A Y L O R U N I V E R S I T YI

P R E S I D E N T ’ S M E S S A G E

P r o v o s t ’ s R e p o r t 2 0 0 1 B A Y L O R U N I V E R S I T YIII

In this, the third annual Provost’s Report, we are focusing on

scholarship at the boundaries. Increasingly our world is one in

which disciplines, research, and application are multifaceted —

stretching across prescribed boundaries, merging together and,

in the process, creating new knowledge. Consequently, our uni-

versities are called upon to prepare future leaders who have

been educated and trained using interdisciplinary approaches.

“Interdisciplinary” is a term used in higher education for any

work that combines or involves two or more academic disci-

plines. A university such as Baylor sometimes places so much

emphasis on the traditional academic disciplines, such as math-

ematics, philosophy, chemistry, and English, that we forget the

enormous contributions that flow from those academic areas

that have blurred the lines between the traditional disciplines.

Those academic areas have greatly strengthened higher edu-

cation in general, and this institution in particular. Some inter-

disciplinary units at Baylor are noteworthy for their teaching sig-

nificance, while others are known for their research (especially

that which attracts considerable external funding) and their con-

tributions in-between the disciplines, such as social work, avia-

tion sciences, oral history, biomedical studies, and church-state

studies. Both traditional and interdisciplinary areas of Baylor

play important, integral roles in our lives.

My hope is that the essays and reports in this issue will

demonstrate for all readers Baylor’s commitment to advancing

interdisciplinary areas of the University. You will read about our

initiative in faculty recruitment to hire University and Distinguished

Professors. While those in each category enrich the academic

program of the University immeasurably, University Professors are

those whose expertise transcends the boundaries of traditional

academic departments. Consequently, our two new University

Professors — as well as some of our Distinguished Professors —

teach in several disciplines, blending existing knowledge with

the discovery of new knowledge in an exciting approach that

benefits students and faculty alike.

You will learn more about Baylor’s international studies pro-

gram and how it stretches across not only disciplinary bound-

aries, but physical ones as well, enabling hundreds of students

each year to benefit from an educational experience beyond

national borders.

In a profile highlighting many of the University’s interdisci-

plinary programs, such as biomedical studies, statistics, church-

state studies, and environmental studies, you will discover that

Baylor has led the way in establishing an academic locus in

some of these areas and has gained international renown in

others for their research and resources. Two graduates of these

interdisciplinary programs share how their education at Baylor

prepared them for careers involving groundbreaking research.

Baylor’s Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics, and Engineer-

ing Research, known as CASPER, is an interdisciplinary pro-

gram that truly knows no boundaries. In state-of-the-art labora-

tories that are part of a collaborative effort between Baylor

University and Texas State Technical College, students at both

institutions are conducting research that has the potential to

improve the quality of life for generations to come.

It is an exciting time to be involved in higher education, and,

more specifically, to be involved in higher education at Baylor with

its Christian heritage, one holding firm to the conviction that there

is no truth larger than God’s truth. It follows that our own identity

as a Christian university requires us to be academically fearless,

rigorous, and bold. It is my hope that this issue of Provost’s Report

will give you a glimpse of that dynamic in action as this academic

community explores scholarship at the boundaries.

Donald D. Schmeltekopf

Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs

P R O V O S T ’ S M E S S A G E

1P r o v o s t ’ s R e p o r t 2 0 0 1 B A Y L O R U N I V E R S I T Y

BAYLOR’S MISSION TO

FULFILL ITS CALLING

“THROUGH EXCELLENCE IN TEACHING AND RESEARCH, IN SCHOLARSHIP, AND PUBLICATION”

HAS BEEN STRENGTHENED BY THE ADDITION OF FIVE UNIVERSITY AND DISTINGUISHED

PROFESSORS TO THE FACULTY. THE PROFESSORS, ALL NATIONALLY WELL-KNOWN SCHOLARS,

HAVE COME TO BAYLOR AS

PART OF A FACULTY RE-

CRUITMENT PROGRAM DESIGNED TO ENHANCE THE UNIVERSITY’S INTELLECTUAL LEADER-

SHIP IN THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY. � UNIVERSITY AND DISTINGUISHED PROFESSORS

ARE INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE ACHIEVED NATIONAL REPUTATIONS FOR EXCELLENCE IN

THEIR AREAS OF EXPERTISE. THEY

COMBINE OUTSTANDING SCHOL-

ARSHIP WITH A RESEARCH AND TEACHING EMPHASIS CONSISTENT WITH THE CHRISTIAN

CHARACTER OF THE UNIVERSITY. “WE ARE LOOKING FOR ESTABLISHED SCHOLARS WITH

NATIONAL, IF NOT INTERNATIONAL, REPUTATIONS WHO HAVE PUBLISHED BROADLY AND

PROVIDED LEADERSHIP IN THEIR DISCIPLINES,” SAID DR. DONALD D. SCHMELTEKOPF,

PROVOST AND VICE PRESIDENT FOR ACADEMIC AFFAIRS. “THESE INDIVIDUALS ALSO WILL

Aspiringby Claudia Beal

Professors of Renown Elevate Academic Milieu

to a new

levelof

scholarshipcontinued on page 2

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fit with Baylor’s mission as an academically serious Christian university. Their work may contribute to distinctivelyChristian scholarship, or it mayfocus on, or demonstrate expertisein, an area in which Baylor has aparticular interest.”

University Professors aretenured full professors whosescholarship transcends the bound-aries of traditional academicdepartments, often reflecting

interdisciplinary concerns. Theseindividuals teach across disciplinesand report directly to the provost.Dr. Ralph C. Wood and Dr. MarcH. Ellis received appointments asUniversity Professors in 1998 and1999, respectively.

Distinguished Professors aretenured full professors who haveachieved academic distinctionwithin a specialized discipline andserve in a particular department,school, or other academic unit ofthe University. Dr. Carl G. Vaughtbecame the Distinguished Professor

of Philosophy in 1998. Theappointments of Dr. David LyleJeffrey as Distinguished Professor ofLiterature and Humanities and Dr.Robert C. Roberts as DistinguishedProfessor of Ethics were announcedin May 2000.

Recruiting this caliber of scholaris the joint initiative of PresidentRobert B. Sloan, Jr. and Dr.Schmeltekopf. Both recognizedthat although Baylor has longbeen noted for the quality of its

undergraduate teaching, it did notyet rank among the finest univer-sities in the nation by generallyaccepted ranking standards.“Baylor’s reputation is based almostexclusively on the accomplish-ments of our graduates who are pro-viding leadership in almost everyfield. We have not been known,however, for a level of scholarshipthat has become part of the broaderculture and academic community,”Dr. Schmeltekopf said.

The presence of University andDistinguished Professors will

further Baylor’s efforts to becomeone of the foremost Christian universities in the world, recog-nized both for scholarly achieve-ment and commitment to theChristian faith. One way inwhich these professors are expect-ed to help fulfill this goal is bytheir productivity in research andpublications — a widely acceptedmeasure of academic reputation.“Baylor has established a newbenchmark that, when attained,

will include unsurpassed excellencein teaching at both undergraduateand graduate levels and a cultureof scholarship characterized byincreased research, publication,and other forms of achievement,”Dr. Schmeltekopf said.

The University and Disting-uished Professors will make important contributions to academic life on campus, as well. Through participation inseminars, lectures, and symposia,they will invigorate the level ofscholarly discourse on campus and

serve as consultants to departmentchairs, deans, and the directors ofcenters and institutes. It is expectedtheir presence will draw graduatestudents to Baylor and serve ascatalysts for new doctoral programs.The latter is a specific goal of the University as it attempts toimprove its doctoral ranking inthe Carnegie Classification ofColleges and Universities.

Nominations for the positionsare sought from outside the

University by the provost, who isassisted by an advisory committeethat includes faculty membersfrom the relevant unit of theUniversity, or in the case ofUniversity Professors, from multipledepartments. The provost thenmakes recommendations to thepresident, who makes all facultyappointments. Baylor expects tomake twenty appointments by theyear 2008. Approximately five orsix of those will be UniversityProfessors, with the rest serving asDistinguished Professors. ■

“The Christian Gospel,” said Dr. Ralph C. Wood,University Professor ofTheology and Literature,“gives to its adherents a freshset of lenses through which we view the world.”

During his career as a literary and theological scholar, Dr. Wood often hasfocused those lenses on themanner in which literary art isinformed by Christian faith.Examining literary works froma theological angle, he said,enlivens both the Gospel andthe texts. “Christian faith can-not remain safely ensconcedwithin subjective feelings or objective propositions,but must be challengedby the thorny realitiesof character and plot, image andmetaphor.”

Dr. Woodbelieves thatnovels, plays,and poems aregiven newvitality whenviewed inlight of thecentralChristianclaimsand ques-tions. Hisstudentsexamineliterary

works in which the Gospelcomes to overt expression,such as Dante and Bunyan, aswell as the secular perspectiveof authors, such as WilliamFaulkner, who protest inau-

thentic Christianity.These authorschallenge students toexaminetheir faithcriticallyand thusto becomemorethoughtfuland less com-placent abouttheir assumptions, Dr. Wood said.“Christian

scholarship ought to make students self-critical citizens ofthe world as well as self-criticalconfessors of the faith.”

The concept of Christianscholarship often is misunder-

stood and should not beconfused with private

piety, accordingto Dr. Wood.

Such scholar-ship shouldbe rooted inthe intellec-tual love of

God, andtherefore

should require arigorous mastery of

one’s subject matter.“Christian scholar-

ship must

always be measured by its owninherent excellence at thesame time it embraces thehighest intellectual standards,”he said.

Dr. Wood explores the

intersection of faith and litera-ture in interdisciplinary coursessuch as a graduate seminar inthe Department of Religiontitled “Karl Barth andFlannery O’Connor” and asenior-level class in theEnglish department titled“Christian Literary Classics,”which examines the writingsof a range of authors, includingSt. Augustine and GerardManley Hopkins.

Dr. Wood has publishedmore than 130 reviews, articles,chapters, and books, includingThe Comedy of Redemption:Christian Faith and Comic Vision

in Four American Novelists,which is available from

Notre Dame Press. Healso is editor-at-large

and a frequent con-tributor for ChristianCentury.

Dr. Woodreceived hisbachelor’s andmaster’s degreesfrom East TexasState Universityand a secondmaster’s and adoctorate fromthe Universityof Chicago.He taughtfor twenty-six years at

Wake ForestUniversity

before being namedDistinguished Professor of Religion at SamfordUniversity. He was appointedto his position at Baylor in 1998. ■

THE INTERSECTION OF LITERATURE AND FAITH

Dr. Ralph Wood provides ‘fresh set of lenses’ for students to view worldK B Y C L A U D I A B E A L L

“Baylor has established a new bench-

mark that, when attained, will

include unsurpassed excellence in

teaching at both undergraduate

and graduate levels and a culture

of scholarship characterized by

increased research, publication, and

other forms of achievement.”

P r o v o s t ’ s R e p o r t 2 0 0 1 B A Y L O R U N I V E R S I T Y4 P r o v o s t ’ s R e p o r t 2 0 0 1 B A Y L O R U N I V E R S I T Y 5

The world’s largest BaptistUniversity may seem an unlikelyplace to find a contemporaryJewish theologian. The setting,however, is an appropriate one forDr. Marc H. Ellis, UniversityProfessor of American and JewishStudies, who has spent much of hisadult life reflecting on the relation-ship between Jews and Christians.

A well-known speaker, author,and scholar, Dr. Ellis is describedby Provost Donald Schmeltekopfas a “public intellectual” whospeaks to the world beyond theuniversity. He has traveled tomore than forty countries toexplore the future of Israeland Palestine, themeaning of theHolocaust for con-temporary life, andwhat it means to be religious intoday’s world. “I’veexperienced differ-ent aspects ofJewish andChristian life on aglobal scale in asearch for what itmeans to be faith-ful in our time,” he said.

Dr. Ellis sees Jews and Christiansas moving towarda new stage in theirrelationship, beyondwhat he terms the“ecumenical dialogue.”He describes the pastrelationship between thetwo faiths as one in which

Christians repented of their sinstoward Jews, but were reluctant topoint out Jewish wrongs towardPalestinians. “If you’re going to bein a true partnership with anotherperson or community, you have tofeel their pain, but also be honest,”

he said. He views theevolving relationshipbetween Jews andChristians as one in whichthe two groupsexplore “whatit means to beJewish andChristiantogether.”

To further thatrelationship andfoster knowl-edge

of contemporary Judaism andChristianity, Baylor has establishedthe Center for American andJewish Studies with Dr. Ellis as itsdirector. The center intends to bea leader for the study of Judaismamong Christian-identified institu-

tions of higher learning.“One of Baylor’s great

and continuing goalsis to provide aforum for the vig-orous discussionof religious ideasand their conse-quences in human

experience,” saidDr. Schmeltekopf.“Marc Ellis is a majorplayer in these discus-

sions, nationallyand inter-

nationally. Not only is he a highlyrecognized author, teacher, andspeaker, but he also brings deepconviction about, and broadknowledge to, the dialoguebetween Christians, Jews, andother world religions.”

By addressing complex questionsabout matters of faith for today’ssociety, Dr. Ellis reflects Baylor’smission as a Christian University.“One of Baylor’s commitments isto speak to both the Universitycommunity and the larger worldabout religious commitment andfaith,” Dr. Ellis said. “This is whatattracted me to Baylor.”

As a University Professor, Dr.Ellis teaches across disciplines. Hisclasses in liberation theology,Jewish philosophy, Hitler and theHolocaust, and modern Judaism areoffered through The J.M. Dawson

Institute of Church-State Studiesand cross-listed with the politi-cal science, religion, history,and sociology departments.

Dr. Ellis received his BA

and MA from Florida StateUniversity and his PhD incontemporary intellectualand religious history fromMarquette University. Heserved as chair of religion,culture, and society studiesat Maryknoll School ofTheology, where he foundedand directed the master’s

program in theologicalstudies. Before comingto Baylor in 1998, Dr. Ellis was a visiting

scholar at the Centerfor Middle Eastern Studies

and a senior fellow at theCenter for the Study of World

Religions at Harvard University.An acclaimed author, Dr. Ellis

has written ten books includingUnholy Alliance: Religion andAtrocity in Our Times, and Ending

Auschwitz: The Future of Jewishand Christian Life. His fourth col-lection of essays, RevolutionaryForgiveness: Judaism, Christianity,and the Future of Religious Life, was published in 2000 by BaylorUniversity Press. ■

A Fellow at Yale University, aSenior Common Room Memberat Oriel College in Oxford, andnow at his alma mater, Dr. CarlG. Vaught chose to return toBaylor because of the quality ofits academic community. After anabsence of four decades, theesteemed academic returned in1998 as the University’sDistinguished Professor ofPhilosophy.

In the years since Dr. Vaughtgraduated from Baylor summa cumlaude, he attended Yale Universityas a Woodrow Wilson and aDanforth Fellow, earning a mas-ter’s degree and PhD in philoso-phy. He then spent thirty-oneyears teaching in the phi-losophy departmentof ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity,where hedistinguishedhimself ashead of thedepartmentand as ascholarand teacher. Dr. Vaughtalso spent ayear at Oriel College inOxford as a Senior CommonRoom Member.

Dr. Vaught was drawn back toBaylor while at the height of hiscareer, enticed by the fact thatthe spirit of scholarly inquiry andprofessional interaction that sup-

ported his intellectual develop-ment as an undergraduate stillexists on campus. “The possibilityof participating again in an aca-demic community such as Bayloris an extraordinary thing,” Dr.Vaught said. “It’s easy to overlook

the extent to which a communitythat sustains one’s academic life asa teacher and a scholarmakes a great deal ofdifference in whatone is doing pro-fessionally.”

Dr. Vaughthas focusedthe last tenyears of hisresearch onSt. Augustine,the fourth-century the-ologianwhose

writing shaped Western theology.He has found in the works of St.Augustine a model for his ownphilosophical reflections. “Myphilosophical reflections focus on

pivotal stages of human develop-ment, the community in whichthese stages unfold, and the eter-nal axis of experience where theultimate issues of life are encoun-tered,” he said. “In Augustine’sConfessions, the story of his life,

the community in which hedevelops, and his struggles with

the problem of God and thesoul are held together

in a larger unity.”During a seminarlast spring withselected facultyand Universityadministrators,Dr. Vaughtrelated St.

Augustine’sdevelopment asa person offaith to the

academ-

ic and pedagogical environmentat Baylor. He compared St.Augustine’s journey toward acomprehensive understanding ofthe self and its relationship to

God with the process by whichindividuals develop a largerworldview and a more matureunderstanding of their place inthe world.

The contribution teachersmake to the development of the

individual is recognized and val-ued at Baylor, Dr. Vaught said,which was another factor thatinfluenced his decision to acceptthe position of DistinguishedProfessor. “There is still anextraordinarily high regard forteaching at Baylor. I think that’sbeen true for fifty years or more,and I don’t believe that will evercease,” he said.

Dr. Vaught’s ability to makecomplex philosophical conceptsaccessible to others, coupled withthe quality of his scholarship, dis-tinguishes him as a teacher, saidDr. Robert Baird, chair of theBaylor philosophy department

and an undergraduate class-mate of Dr. Vaught’s. “He

is a model teacherbecause his ownenthusiasm for carefulphilosophical reflec-tion elicits suchenthusiasm fromso many of hisstudents. He is

able to com-municate

clearly tostudentsthat philo-

sophicalissues are rel-

evant to theway one lives,”

Dr. Baird said. Dr. Vaught’s intel-

lectual inquiry into St. Augustine has culminated in an 800-page manuscript,Augustine’s Confessions: TheLanguage of God and the Soul.

His other books include TheQuest for Wholeness, The Sermonon the Mount: A TheologicalInterpretation, and Essays inMetaphysics, of which he is theeditor, and numerous book chap-ters and journal articles. ■

A ‘PUBLIC INTELLECTUAL’ WHO SPEAKS TO THE WORLD

Dr. Marc Ellis examines living out one’s faith in today’s diverse worldK B Y C L A U D I A B E A L L

THE SPIRIT OF SCHOLARLY INQUIRY

Dr. Carl Vaught returns to alma mater as Distinguished ProfessorK B Y C L A U D I A B E A L L

P r o v o s t ’ s R e p o r t 2 0 0 1 B A Y L O R U N I V E R S I T Y 7

With self-deprecating humor,Dr. David Lyle Jeffrey describeshimself as a jack-of-all-trades.Those who are familiar with hisaccomplishments, however, viewthe newly appointed DistinguishedProfessor of Literature and theHumanities as an accomplishedscholar whose intellectual pursuitsspan multiple disciplines.

Dr. Jeffrey began his academiccareer as a medievalist afterreceiving both his master’s anddoctoral degrees in English fromPrinceton University. A centraltheme of his scholarly activities isthe way in which Christianthought shapes intellec-tual and artisticculture in theWestern tradi-tion. The scopeof his studyled him towork exten-sively in bib-lical studiesand to pub-lish in suchvariedfields asanthro-pology,law, art his-tory, and reli-gious studies.“My work isshaped by adesire to recoverChristian intel-lectual her-itage in thearts and thehumanities. You

cannot study that except in aninterdisciplinary manner,” he said.

An interdisciplinary approachis especially relevant to Christians,who should be motivated by char-ity to seek connections betweenideas as well as among the personswho hold those ideas, Dr. Jeffreysaid. Although Christian charity

is a concept not oftenassociated withscholarship, hebelievesChristians arecalled upon toexplore ideasand discovertruths inevery sphereand then toapply thatknowledge to aGod-centeredworldview. “It’snot consis-

tent to be a Christian and to havetunnel vision about our tasks inlife. We are called to have a char-itable interpretation of each otherand of the world,” Dr. Jeffrey said.“I can’t accomplish that unless Itake a genuine interest in whatthe other person is doing andthinking about. This holds for

scholarship as well.”Dr. Jeffrey

suggests that cur-rent secular insti-tutions of higherlearning havemoved awayfrom an interdis-ciplinaryapproach in

which these typesof connections are

sought. The intellec-tual tradition of theearliest universities,

which were

Christian, were rooted in thistype of scholarship. “What makesa university a real university iswhen some level of meaningfulintellectual conversation is possi-ble across the office walls, acrossdepartments and faculties,” hesaid. “My imagination has beencaptured by Baylor’s commitment

to pursuing scholarly excellenceas an axiom of mature Christianintellectual stewardship. I thinkBaylor is on its way to becoming agreat university.”

The commitment to explorethe relationship between ideasand disciplines continues to shapeDr. Jeffrey’s scholarly endeavors.The interpretation of scripturehas emerged in his work as cen-tral to a coherent understandingof Western culture. His criticallyacclaimed Dictionary of BiblicalTradition in English Literatureexplores the historical impact ofbiblical interpretation on Englishliterature from the Anglo-Saxons

to the present. These ideas arecontinued in his People

of the Book: ChristianIdentity and LiteraryCultures, which wasnamed one ofChristianity Today’sTop Ten Books of1997. The field ofart history, specif-ically the impactof scripture onthe develop-ment ofWesterniconographyin poetry and

painting, cur-rently shapes Dr.

Jeffrey’s thought.A native of Canada,

Dr. Jeffrey comes to Baylorfrom the University ofOttawa, where he was pro-

fessor emeritus in theDepartment of English. He holds

the position of guest professor atPeking University in Beijing,China. The recipient of numerousawards and honors, Dr. Jeffrey hasheld membership in many profes-sional societies and was elected aFellow of the Royal Society ofCanada, Academy of Arts andSciences, in 1996. ■

A primary job of the philoso-pher is to analyze concepts, andDr. Robert C. Roberts, Baylor’sDistinguished Professor ofEthics, spends much of his timeanalyzing concepts that haveboth moral and psychologicalimport.

One of his specialties is thequestion of what emotions areand what they have to do withbeing a person of moral charac-ter. “My view of emotions is thatthey are a kind of perception,”Dr. Roberts said. “I’m not talkingabout sense-perception, but whenwe experience anger at someone,for example, what is happeningfrom the experiential perspectiveis that we see that person asa culpable offender

and as deserving a bad kind ofpayback. We don’t have the sameperspective when we are nolonger angry. If we are feelinggrateful to somebody, we are see-ing him or her as a benefactorwho deserves a good payback.”

The Christian faith informs Dr.Roberts’s inquiry into human

emotions. “As a philosopher whois motivated by Christian con-cerns, I’m interested in findingan account of emotions that willaccommodate the biblicalemphasis that we have some vol-untary control over our emo-tions,” he said.

He is intrigued by passages in

the New Testament inwhich the Apostle

Paul and Jesusexhort us tohave certain

emotions. Thecommands to love

one another,rejoice, give thanksin all circum-stances, and not tolet the sun godown on ouranger all suggest

that individualshave a degree of

control over theiremotions. Dr. Roberts

believes that

Christians are called to applyprinciples of their faith to theiremotional responses. Forgivenessis a quality that can be developedin response to the emotion ofanger, for example.

Dr. Roberts is exploring his theory on emotions in a two-volume work in progress entitled

The Schooled Heart: An Essay inMoral Psychology. He has writtenextensively on the human psychein popular essays, professionaljournals, and as both author andeditor of books including Limningthe Psyche: Explorations inChristian Psychology, edited withMark R. Talbot, Taking the Worldto Heart: Self and Other in An Ageof Therapies, and most recently asone of four authors of Psychologyand Christianity: Four Views.

Religious questions were always in the background of Dr.Roberts’s interest in philosophy.After earning his BA and MA

from Wichita State University,he received his PhD in philo-sophical theology from YaleUniversity’s religious studies

department. He also holds abachelor’s degree in divinity

from Yale. At WheatonCollege, where he taught

before coming to Baylor,Dr. Roberts held joint

appointments in phi-losophy and psychology.Reflecting those dual

interests, he taughtcourses in

philosophical psychology, humannature, virtue ethics, and psy-chotherapies and the Christianfaith. At Baylor, he concentratesmore on ethics, but continues totake a strongly psychologicalangle on the field. ■

CONNECTING PEOPLE, IDEASDr. David Jeffrey recovers Christian intellectual heritage in arts and humanities

K B Y C L A U D I A B E A L L

EXPLORING THE HUMAN PSYCHEDr. Robert Roberts blends philosophy, religion to plumb emotional depths

K B Y C L A U D I A B E A L L

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Discovering New areas

of knowledgeIN AN ERA WHERE SPECIALIZATION IS THE NORM, A NEW BREED

OF SCHOLAR IS EMERGING IN ACADEMIA — ONE WHO CAN SYN-

THESIZE KNOWLEDGE FROM A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC DISCI-

PLINES AND LEAD STUDENTS INTO AREAS OF NEW KNOWLEDGE.

Dr. Hui-Min Chang, a postdoctoral research associate from

Taiwan, left, and Jenny Wettergren, a Swedish pharmaceutical

intern in Baylor’s Center for Drug Discovery, mix solutions in

one of Baylor’s biomedical studies laboratories.

Baylor has been instrumental in encouraging the development of thisnew kind of scholar by offering a range of interdisciplinary programs, suchas statistics, environmental studies, medical humanities, biomedical stud-ies, and church-state studies. All have one thing in common — they inte-grate different academic disciplines in the sciences, humanities, and pro-fessional schools to provide a curriculum rich in discovery.

Dr. Lee C. Nordt, acting chair of environmental studies and assistantprofessor of geology, believes there isgrowing interest in creating interdis-ciplinary programs in colleges anduniversities. “It is interesting that inthe sciences, at least, there is adichotomy of thought,” he said. “Onthe one hand, we are getting very spe-cific on how we study and analyze sci-entific problems. But there has been arecent trend, especially in amassinglarge databases that we can mixtogether with other disciplines, tobecome more interdisciplinary.”

This blending of the specific withthe general is an evolving process,one that will shape not only theclassroom but the workplace of thefuture. “An interdisciplinary courseof study can be vital to success intoday’s world,” Dr. Nordt said. “Ifyou become too specialized, youneed help from others because youhave a limited view of the world. When you need to step back and lookat the big picture, you have a difficult time doing it because you are sonarrowly trained.”

The scientific community is discovering the benefits of blending aca-demic disciplines, but Baylor officials recognized the importance of inter-disciplinary study several decades ago. Environmental studies, which wasstarted at Baylor in the late 1960s, and church-state studies, which began

its master’s program in 1968, are two well-established programs thatrequire an integrated curriculum.

The environmental studies program was supported by Houston oilmanand former Baylor trustee Gus Glasscock, and according to Dr. Larry L. Lehr,senior lecturer in environmental studies, it remains one of the few environ-mental studies programs in the United States that has not been absorbedinto another university department. In the program, emphasis is placed on

the need to propose integrated, sus-tainable solutions to environmentalconflicts. “One of the things that hasallowed us to remain a separate pro-gram is that we emphasize a multidis-ciplinary approach,” Dr. Lehr said.“The resolution of environmentalproblems is very complex and requiresa lot of different disciplines. These caninclude scientific, cultural, social, eco-nomic, political, and moral disci-plines.”

Students who receive a master ofarts degree or doctorate in church-state studies gain broad interdisci-plinary exposure. Approximatelyeighty percent of the course require-ments are taught through The J.M.

Dawson Institute of Church-StateStudies, while the remaining courseofferings are selected by the studentfrom the departments of religion,

political science, philosophy, history, and sociology/anthropology.“Church-state study, by definition, is inherently interdisciplinary,” saidDr. Derek H. Davis, director of the institute and associate professor ofpolitical science. It is an approach that sets Baylor’s church-state programapart from programs at other institutions. “Church-state studies examinea complicated set of problems and questions that are seen not only in the U.S. but throughout the world,” Dr. Davis said. “One has to take

continued on page 10

B y J u l i e C a m p b e l l C a r l s o n

Seeing the Forest and the Trees&

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into consideration the theologicaldimension and the sociologicalphenomena. One has to be well-versed in the history and philoso-phy of these problems, and onehas to understand the constitu-tional and legal dimensions ofreligious liberty.”

Baylor’s approach in this fieldhas earned it worldwide renown,including international recogni-tion and acclaim for the program’spublication, Journal of Church and

State. It remains the only universityin the world to offer a degree inchurch-state studies, and graduatesfrom the program can be found inacademia, government, journalism,and public advocacy.

With their analytical skills andpractical experience, graduatesfrom Baylor’s Institute of Statisticsfind themselves in great demandby employers. The PhD and mas-ter’s programs have produced stu-dents who often are hired by com-

panies, universities, and govern-ment agencies long before theygraduate. “We can’t turn out thestudents fast enough to meet thedemand,” said Dr. Roger E. Kirk,director of the institute and dis-tinguished professor of psychologyand statistics.

Formed in 1991, the Institute ofStatistics grew out of the behav-ioral statistics program, which wasformed in the Department ofPsychology in 1975. That originalprogram brought together facultyfrom several departments andschools at Baylor, and the institutehas continued that interdisci-plinary approach. “Originally, wehad faculty from computer science,mathematics, and psychology,” Dr.Kirk said. “We decided we wouldbe better off if we offered a degreethat was more statistical in itsfocus rather than psychological.Now, the institute faculty comesfrom business, math, psychology,and the Office of InstitutionalResearch and Testing. This inter-esting way of combining the tal-ents of our faculty enables us to domore than we could do otherwise.”

The University continues toenhance its strong reputation inhealth sciences and pre-medicaldisciplines by developing a num-ber of programs that deal withvarious components of health careand biosciences. Medical humani-ties, which centers on faith issuesinvolved with health care, andbiomedical studies are two inter-disciplinary programs that focuson some of the newest health-related issues.

The medical humanities minor,the first of its kind nationally atthe undergraduate level, was start-ed in 1999. It provides students,the majority of whom are in thepre-med program, with the chanceto foster formation of faith andspirituality, understanding of thecomplexity of health and healing,and respect for the cultural andreligious diversity in society. Dr.Michael Attas, a Waco cardiolo-gist and ordained Episcopalianpriest, directs the program. Hesaid an interest in spirituality andits relationship with health care is

growing between physicians andmedical schools. For example,Harvard Medical School sponsorsan annual conference on spiritual-ity and healing that is attended bythousands of physicians. Prestigiousmedical colleges such as George-town, Johns Hopkins, and theUniversity of Texas MedicalBranch at Galveston are recogniz-ing the importance of patients’faith issues and offering courses on spirituality and clinical care,he said.

To receive the medical humani-ties minor, students take threerequired courses — bioethics;either philosophy and medicine orliterary and philosophical perspec-tives on medicine; and either his-tory of Christian spirituality orreligions of the world — andchoose three electives from thedisciplines of anthropology, biolo-gy, economics, English, history,psychology, and religion. “Thefield is really blossoming, but asfar as we know, Baylor is the onlyuniversity that has developed anundergraduate program in medicalhumanities,” Dr. Attas said. “Themedical schools in Texas havebeen very supportive of the pro-gram. In fact, we have heard com-ments that pre-med students whoreceive a minor in medicalhumanities will have a competi-tive edge when applying for medi-cal school.”

Whereas the medical humani-ties program integrates the sci-ences with the liberal arts, theInstitute of Biomedical Studiesblends the disciplines of chem-istry, biology, psychology, andphysics. When the institute wasformed in the early 1990s, it wasone of only twenty-four biomedi-cal programs offered by U.S. uni-versities or medical schools.Students enrolled in the biomedi-cal studies program can receivemaster’s degrees or doctorates inbiochemistry or biological sci-ences. “Biomedical scienceinvolves anything to do with thecare of the human body,” said Dr.Darden Powers, director of the institute and professor andchair of the physics department.

“Under those two umbrellas ofbiochemistry or biological sciences,students can take a broad range ofcourses and core requirements.When they graduate from the program, they have a number ofcareer options in the health-related public sector and in highereducation.”

Students who enter the programcomplete their academic work atthe Baylor campus in Waco andthen pursue research requirementsat the Baylor Research Institute atthe Baylor Medical Center inDallas or under the direction offaculty in the departments ofchemistry or biology at the Wacocampus. “Our students get a differ-ent exposure than typical graduatestudents because they are encour-aged to collaborate with profes-sionals from other disciplines,” saidDr. Robert R. Kane, assistant pro-fessor of chemistry and biochem-istry. “This (bioscience) is agrowth area, and I believe theopportunity to acquire expertiseand abilities in chemistry and biol-

ogy adds value to the training ofthese students and to the researchthey are performing.”

These programs only partiallydescribe the range of interdisci-plinary options that can be foundat Baylor. Others include geron-tology; bioinformatics, which linkscomputer science and molecularbiology; and forensic science,which involves the application ofscientific knowledge to legal mat-ters, to name a few. Regardless ofthe field of study, each is provid-ing students with the chance toobtain a well-rounded education.

“What interdisciplinary pro-grams do is try to recapture thesense that the truly educated per-son is one who can build bridgesfrom one discipline to another,”said Dr. Davis in church-statestudies. “Specialization is essentialbecause the world is so complex,but there is a lot to be said forpeople who can see the world in amore complete way. They see theforest and the trees.” ■

BATTLING THE SUPER BUGSBaylor graduate Todd Bowser puts his biomedical degree

to work in search of stronger antibioticsBy Julie Campbell Carlson

They are the super bugs: pneumococcus, staphylococcus, salmonella, andothers. They have developed a resistance to modern medicine’s strongest lineof defense — the antibiotic. Without effective medication to combat them, seri-ous illnesses or death can result.

Good news to help us all rest easier, though, is that Baylor graduate ToddBowser, a medicinal chemist for Paratek Pharmaceutical Inc. in Boston,spends his days working on weapons to destroy these super bugs.

“Drug-resistant strains of bacteria are becoming quite common, and that is ofdeep concern to the medical community,” said Dr. Bowser, who received his mas-ter of science degree and doctorate in biochemistry from Baylor. “We are inter-ested in developing new antibiotics that will fight these strains.”

Dr. Bowser, who grew up in Pennsylvania, earned his bachelor of sciencedegree in biology from Franklin and Marshall College, in Lancaster. Interestedin a career in pharmaceutical research, he chose Baylor’s Institute ofBiomedical Studies for his graduate study in biochemistry because of its inter-disciplinary approach. “I liked Baylor’s program because I was able to takecourses in several disciplines, as well as receive good clinical experience fromthe faculty members at Baylor Medical Center in Dallas,” he said. “I think theidea that chemistry and biology are separate is an antiquated one. From a the-oretical standpoint, they are intertwined, and from a practical standpoint,much of today’s funding is going to biomedical research.”

Dr. Bowser found the biochemistry program to be course-work intensive, buthe appreciated the requirement. “I liked the fact that the program required agreat deal of course work. I was interested in biochemistry, but as a biologyundergraduate, I needed to brush up on my chemistry,” he said. “Modernresearchers, especially in pharmaceutical research, need to understand both dis-ciplines. The courses I took coupled with the research I did in enzymology gaveme a solid background in the pharmaceutical-type research I was interested in.”

Dr. Bowser received his PhD from the University in 1997. He continued hisstudies on a National Institute of Health postdoctoral fellowship at BrownUniversity in Rhode Island. There, he worked with renowned biochemist DavidCane on antibiotic and natural product biosynthesis research. Dr. Bowser isquick to credit his Baylor education with helping him receive the prestigious fel-lowship. “The NIH fellowship, which is actually called the National ResearchService Award, is a very competitive one,” he said. “Basically, I had to write ashort research proposal and include detailed information about my back-ground and the courses I had taken. Since I was chosen to receive the grant, Iwould definitely say my Baylor education was seen in a positive light by theselection committee.”

Dr. Bowser also believes the training he received through the Institute ofBiomedical Studies prepared him for his research at Brown and in privateindustry. “The research group I went into at Brown was a large group withseveral graduates from Ivy League and other prestigious schools, but I wasquite competitive with them,” he said. “In fact, I would say Baylor’s programgave me some skills that graduates from the larger programs didn’t have.”

Students who go through the large programs have skill levels that are some-what focused. “The students I knew were not exposed to various research skills,such as the skills that a technician would normally handle,” he said. “But theBaylor biomedical program is a small one, and the students learn basicallyeverything. That has been valuable for working in the pharmaceutical industry.I would recommend the institute to anyone who is looking for a research careerin biochemistry.”

THINKING LIKE A SCIENTISTEnvironmentalist Scott Stoodley making impact in Oklahoma

By LoAna Lopez

While no one environmentalist expects to solve the planet’s pollution prob-lems, one Baylor graduate of the Department of Environmental Studies isensuring water quality in his corner of the world.

Dr. Scott Stoodley received his master of science degree in environmentalstudies from Baylor in 1994. Today he is director of the water quality divisionfor the Oklahoma Conservation Commission, a position he’s held for the pastyear. His division of about twenty-five persons works with a $6 million bud-get to assess surface water quality in the state. “We’re responsible for imple-mentation and planning to remediate water quality problems,” Dr. Stoodleysaid. “We’re also responsible for water quality environmental education forthe entire state.”

Dr. Stoodley earned his bachelor of science degree in wildlife resources fromWest Virginia University in 1986. After his studies at Baylor, he attendedOklahoma State University and earned his PhD in 1998. He credits Baylor withteaching him to expand his thought processes and with preparing him for workat the doctoral level. “One of the most important things that I got from the mas-ter’s degree program at Baylor was an understanding of the academic thoughtprocess in two particular ways,” he said. “One was how to get through grad-uate school and all the steps involved with that. The other was how to think likea scientist should think. Baylor taught me to process information in a more com-prehensive way than what I knew prior to coming to Baylor.”

On a more personal level, Dr. Stoodley said his studies in environmentalstudies truly opened a window to the world around him. “My course loadwas well-rounded and provided more of a worldview from an environmentalperspective,” he said. “In general, I think people have a myopic worldview.But the course work and required readings forced me to learn about interna-tional global issues such as warming, ozone depletion, and losses of biodi-versity. That study made these issues more tangible and helped me under-stand that basically, everything is interconnected.”

It was the variety of study possible through the program’s interdisciplinarycurriculum that convinced Dr. Stoodley to come to Baylor for his master’s.“Many programs force you into specific tracts with mandatory requirements.At Baylor, I was able to pick my own courses and map out my future. In termsof benefits, it allowed me to build up many personal areas. It also allowedme to combine the various sciences. You can’t appreciate society from oneperspective. You have to have a much broader perspective.”

Dr. Robert R. Kane, assistant professor of chemistry and biochemistry, back,

supervises Charlie Branson, second year graduate student in biomedical studies,

as they monitor the purification of potential tissue-repair agents.

Dr. Scott Stoodley

Dr. Todd Bowser

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From the history of smallcountry churches in CentralTexas to the stories of pioneersin women’s reproductive healthcare, Baylor’s Institute for OralHistory has recorded theremembrances of bygone times.The institute, lauded nationally,has few peers.Largely responsible for this

superb reputation is Dr.Thomas L. Charlton, Baylor’svice provost for research andprofessor of history. In fall 2000,Dr. Charlton was awarded thefirst Lifetime AchievementAward from the Texas OralHistory Association for out-standing contributions to oralhistory in Texas. In his honor,this award will be known in thefuture as the Thomas L.Charlton LifetimeAchievement Award. A gradu-ate of Baylor with master’s anddoctorate degrees from theUniversity of Texas, Dr.Charlton was the founder andfirst director of the BaylorInstitute for Oral History.During his twenty-three-yeartenure as director (1970-1993),the program earned a nation-wide reputation for excellencein its field research and editori-al standards, and in its commit-ment to preserving the memo-ries of individuals from allwalks of life through tape-recorded and archived inter-views. Tapes and manuscriptscollected by the institute arehoused in The TexasCollection, a special collec-tions library at Baylor. With agrant from the NationalEndowment for theHumanities, Dr. Charltondeveloped one of the nation’sfirst graduate seminars in oralhistory methodology, a coursetaught annually at Baylor since1971. Dr. Charlton also estab-lished a summer research facul-ty program that providesstipends for Baylor faculty toconduct oral history researchon topics related to their disci-plines. Now in its thirtiethyear, the institute has three

full-time faculty members, twofull-time staff members, five grad-uate assistants, and more than tenstudent editorial assistants. Since1993, the institute has been underthe leadership of Dr. RebeccaSharpless, who with faculty col-leagues has continued building onthe program’s early accomplish-ments. During the mid-1990s, theinstitute was the internationalheadquarters for the Oral HistoryAssociation.

In addition to his work atthe Baylor institute, Dr. Charltonwas the co-founder of the TexasOral History Association in 1982.As its interim president and firstpresident, he helped TOHA

become one of the largest region-al oral history organizations in thecountry. During 1985 and 1986, hedirected a highly successful seriesof oral history workshops in themajor cities of Texas as part of theTexas 1986 SesquicentennialCelebration. Largely because ofthis project, the Texas HistoricalCommission honored him withthe Texas Award for HistoricPreservation for OutstandingContributions to Oral History.

Respected for his knowledge,energy, and dedication, Dr.Charlton led Texas to the fore-front of the Oral HistoryAssociation in the 1970s and1980s, bringing to the nationalorganization a number of talentedoral historians from Texas. Hisimpact on the OHA is attested toby the numerous committee posi-tions and offices he has held,including editor, Oral HistoryAssociation Newsletter, 1975-86,and president of OHA in 1990-91.

His scholarly publications andpresentations on oral history areequally impressive, includingdozens of journal articles, keynoteaddresses, and lectures. His book,Oral History for Texans, publishedin two editions by the TexasHistorical Commission, remains arespected research handbook inthe Southwest. ■

are stellar examples of how interdisciplinary stud-ies can cohese and form groundbreaking fields ofnew knowledge. Some, like The J.M. Dawson Instituteof Church-State Studies and the Institute for OralHistory, have garnered international reputations.Others, like the Center for Applied Geographic andSpatial Research and the Center for Astrophysics,Space Physics, and Engineering Research, are con-ducting research that will enhance quality of lifethrough scientific discoveries for generations tocome. Each is engaged in exciting, break-throughstudies that will have significant implications forthe students of today and the society of the future.

Allbritton Art InstituteJohn D. McClanahan, Director

Institute of Biomedical StudiesDr. Darden Powers, Director

Institute of Church Music and WorshipDr. Randall Bradley, Director

The J.M. Dawson Institute of Church-State StudiesDr. Derek Davis, Director

Institute for Faith and LearningDr. Michael Beaty, Director

Institute of Gerontological StudiesDr. Ben E. Dickerson, Director

Institute for Oral HistoryDr. M. Rebecca Sharpless, Director

Institute of StatisticsDr. Roger E. Kirk, Director

Institute of Technology Innovation ManagementDr. Michael Korpi, Director

Center for Adult LearningDr. Larry J. Browning, Director

Center for American and Jewish StudiesDr. Marc H. Ellis, Director

Center for Analytical SpectroscopyDr. Kenneth W. Busch, Co-DirectorDr. Marianna A. Busch, Co-Director

Center for Applied Geographicand Spatial ResearchDr. G.W.K. Willis, Director

Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics, and EngineeringResearchDr. Truell Hyde, Director

Center for Business and Economic ResearchDr. Thomas M. Kelly, Director

Center for Christian EducationDr. Randy M. Wood, Director

Center for Christian EthicsDr. Robert Kruschwitz, Director

Center for Community Research and DevelopmentDr. J. Larry Lyon, Director

Center for Drug DiscoveryDr. Robert R. Kane, Director

Center for Economic AnalysisDr. Thomas M. Kelly, Director

Center for EducationalTechnologyDr. Douglas W. Rogers, Director

John F. Baugh Center for EntrepreneurshipDavid Allen, Director

Center for Family and Community MinistriesDr. Diana R. Garland, Director

Center for International EducationDr. William Mitchell, Director

Center for Learning Abilities and Talent DevelopmentDr. Thomas J. Proctor, Director

Mayo McBride Center for International BusinessEntrepreneurshipDr. H. Stephen Gardner, Director

Center for Ministry EffectivenessW. Winfred Moore, Director

Center for Private EnterpriseDr. W. James Truitt, Director

Center for ProfessionalDevelopment and TechnologyDr. Betty J. Conaway, Director

Center for Professional SellingDr. William A. Weeks, Director

The Renewable Aviation Fuels Development CenterDr. Maxwell E. Shauck, Director

Listing of Institutes and Centers provided by

the Office of the Provost.

Centers

Institutes

BAYLOR’S INSTITUTES AND CENTERS THE ORAL HISTORIAN

Institute’s founder,Dr. Thomas Charlton,receives lifetime award

By Lori Scott Fogleman

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athematics is a core disci-pline at any university. It iscentral to all scientific and

logical thinking, and its influenceon a society immersed in sophisti-cated technology is profound.”

Those words by Dr. Donald D. Schmeltekopf, provost and vice president for academic affairs,articulate the importance ofBaylor’s new PhD program inmathematics, approved in summer2000. “For centuries mathematicshas been the language of scienceand engineering, and mathemati-cal theory is fundamental to thescientific method,” Dr. Schmeltekopfsaid. “All the programs in the sciences and engineering at Baylorwill be strengthened through collaborative work with a stronggraduate program in mathematics.”

Baylor offers thirteen PhD programs, six in the hard sciences.Because math is considered thelanguage of science, this newdegree not only will add to theacademic caliber of the mathemat-ics department, it also will benefitstudents in all the sciences. “Thisnew program is a good fit forBaylor for at least two importantreasons,” said Dr. J. Larry Lyon,dean of the Graduate School andprofessor of sociology. “One, wealready have in place some topscholars in mathematics. We havefaculty who are doing research atthe level of other quality doctoralprograms, so we don’t have tobring in the large number of high-powered mathematicians we mightotherwise need. Second, a PhD inmathematics will help all of oursciences and social sciences. Mathis basic to the sciences. It’s difficultto have high-quality sciences andsocial sciences without a strongmathematics department. Thebenefits reach far beyond mathe-matics alone.”

The mathematics departmentbegan focusing more on facultyscholarship with an eye towarddeveloping a PhD program quitesome time ago. “About ten yearsago, the department made a strongpush to bring in not only peoplewho would help us in the class-room and be excellent teachers,

but also those who demonstratestrong scholarship,” said Dr. FrankH. Mathis, director of graduatestudies and professor of mathemat-ics. “Through the years, we havebuilt a strong department in termsof mathematical research.” Thefaculty will have to adapt as morestudents pursue this new degree.

Dr. Mathis said a DistinguishedProfessor of Mathematics positionwill be established and a secondfaculty member will be added tohandle increased demands on current faculty.

Having bright students andresearch-minded faculty membersinteracting at the doctoral level

will increase the scholarship andvisibility of the department —both on campus and in recruit-ment. “We have found that thosestudents who are particularly goodin mathematics and interested ingraduate work will look for a pro-gram with a good PhD,” Dr.Mathis said. “In terms of recruit-

ing, we noticed that we were at adisadvantage because there justare not that many people lookingfor a master’s-only program. APhD program seemed the nextlogical step.”

The doctoral degree also willencourage interdisciplinary studyamong math, chemistry, physics,

and engineering disciplines — anecessity in educating scientists ofthe new millennium. “Mathematicsis a social endeavor,” Dr. Mathissaid. “There are few people whogo off and do mathematics bythemselves. Usually good mathe-matics is done in teams where youare in conversation with otherpeople. If I’m a research facultymember working with graduatestudents, that research can openmy own viewpoints and interestsin research.”

All of this will enhance PhDstudents’ marketability in anincreasingly technological careerlandscape. Opportunities for thosewith a math PhD include teaching,as well as academic and industrialresearch.

Because mathematics is a core discipline that is central to all scientific and logical thinking,Baylor stands to benefit in terms ofintellectual atmosphere, interdisci-plinary study, outside funding, andresearch, Dr. Mathis said. “Thoughthis is a graduate degree, I also seethe undergraduate program benefit-ing in a lot of different areas,” hesaid. “Undergraduates will reap thebenefits of intellectual stimulationsimply by interacting with PhDstudents and studying in a depart-ment where scholarly activity isnot only encouraged but a must forstudents studying at the next level.This also allows us to bring in out-side programs and people that wemight not otherwise be able tobring to the Baylor campus.”

Furthermore, having a doctor-al program in math will open thedoor for outside funding specifical-ly designated for PhD programs.The addition of the math PhDdegree to Baylor’s academic pro-gram also makes the Universitymore competitive with other BigXII institutions. “Baylor was theonly university in the Big XII notto have a math PhD,” Dr. Lyonsaid. “Now, with PhDs availablein mathematics and in statistics,we’re in the position to becomeone of the strongest schools inthose areas. This is a real plus, andwe’re really excited about it.” ■

THE LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE

MM“

NEW DOCTORAL PROGRAM IN MATH STRENGTHENS CORE DISCIPLINESBy LoAna Lopez

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AGlobal OutlookDr. Mitchell, Dr. Vardaman’s

successor as director of the Centerfor International Education, is aretired U.S. Air Force colonel anda decorated war veteran wholived in Turkey for ten years andhas taught Baylor classes abroad.He agrees that the dedication ofhis faculty colleagues is a big rea-son for the program’s success. “Wehave a strong group of professorshere at Baylor who show greatinterest and proven experience inteaching abroad,” Dr. Mitchellsaid. “They have years of experi-ence living abroad with excellentlanguage capability, and I’m veryimpressed with them.”

Furthermore, Dr. Sloan andProvost Donald Schmeltekopfhave made it a priority to giveBaylor’s academic deans first-handexperience with the University’sstudy-abroad offerings so they canencourage faculty to urge theirstudents to pursue internationalopportunities. Most deans havemade personal visits to a numberof exchange universities and havecome back more convinced thanever to endorse study abroad.

Dr. Terry S. Maness, dean ofBaylor’s Hankamer School ofBusiness, taught in the Baylor inGreat Britain program for tenyears. He said the many Baylorbusiness students now studyingabroad profit from their experi-ences. “It broadens their perspec-tive and understanding of businessif they can get that internationalexperience in college before theygo to work,” Dr. Maness said.

“They really come back different.They see that the United States isnot the only country in the world,and they learn that to do businesssuccessfully, you must appreciateand understand other cultures.”

Dr. Wallace L. Daniel, dean ofthe College of Arts and Sciences,who lived in Moscow for a yearwhile doing research for his disser-tation as a Fulbright Scholar, saidthe interaction he and otherscholars have had while abroadhas proved invaluable. “The dis-cussions our students have withstudents in other countries deepenthe questions that are raised aboutall elements of life,” Dr. Danielsaid. “At the same time, interna-tional students coming here toBaylor to study bring different setsof questions than our own, andgreatly enrich the academicframework of the university.”

According to Dr. Mitchell, it isnot uncommon for internationaleducation to be a catalyst in shap-ing a student’s worldview. “Manystudents tell me the internationalexperience brings their total edu-cation to fruition,” he said.“They are ablefinally to see therelationshipsof thediverseknowledgein the vari-ous disciplinesthey’ve beenlearning here,and it all comes

into focus in thecontext of anoverseas expe-rience. Theylook at thebig picture,and I thinkthey matureimmensely whenthey get into a dif-ferent environmentand see how people in othercultures have been functioning forso long.”

Those thoughts are echoed byLaura Seay, a May 2000 Baylorgraduate now pursuing a master’sdegree in African studies at YaleUniversity. Seay was chosenBaylor’s Outstanding Student ininternational studies in 1999-2000,and she counts a semester-abroadtrip to Cameroon in 1998 asamong her most valued experi-ences at Baylor. “When you go tostudy in another culture, you real-ize that the rest of the world isnot like what you knew,” Seaysaid. “Nowadays, it’s all aboutglobalization, and you have to be

familiar with the world. Ithink Baylor’s doing a

good job ofadapting their

academicprograms toreflectthat.”

What liesahead for

Baylor’s inter-national studies

programs in the

next decade?For his part,Dr. Mitchellwants toincreasethe numberof study-

abroad pro-grams, espe-

cially south ofthe border. “I’d like

to see us putting morefocus into Central and SouthAmerica,” he said. “I think there’sa tremendous market and opportu-nity for our students to go there,and for those international stu-dents to come here.” Dr. Mitchellalso wants to make internationaleducation more affordable andaccessible. “We’d like to makemore resources available so thatevery Baylor student, regardless ofhis or her financial status, has anopportunity to experience lifeabroad,” he said.

Students and administratorsagree that international study is a win-win situation. “Anytimestudents or faculty experienceanother culture or language andother people groups, first of all, it is a hands-on experience of learning involving history, geogra-phy, and culture,” President Sloansaid. “Secondly, it deepens a person’s appreciation, not only for others but for one’s own cul-ture. It is my dream that one dayevery Baylor student and more ofour faculty will be able to have astudy-abroad experience.” ■

In a new century characterized byincreasing globalization and theexpanding flow of tech-nology and com-merce across cul-tures, Baylor has staked itsclaim as one ofAmerica’sleaders ininterna-tional educa-tion.

During the1999-2000 academicyear, more than 550 Baylor students took part in at least one of the University’sforty-seven study-abroad programsin twenty-two countries. In 1998-

1999, Baylor had 470 studentsstudying abroad, a level whichearned the University a ranking ofseventh nationally among doctor-al institutions, according to theChronicle of Higher Education. Inaddition, more than 400 studentsfrom eighty-five countries enrolledat Baylor as internationalstudents during the1999-2000 schoolyear.

Baylor’sstudy-abroadlineupincludes thirtysemester-long and seven-teen summer pro-grams, spread across five

continents in countries such asthe People’s Republic of China,

Japan, South Korea, France,Germany, Great Britain,

the Netherlands,Finland, Italy,

Argentina,Thailand,

Mexico, andCanada. Most of these

programs arebased on non-

currency agree-ments, meaning that

Baylor students are notrequired to pay foreign tuitionrates, but pay their normal tuitionto Baylor, said Dr. William A.Mitchell, director of Baylor’sCenter for International Education,The Jo Murphy Chair inInternational Education, and pro-fessor of political science. At thesame time, students coming toBaylor continue to pay tuition totheir home university. These agree-ments simplify the exchange pro-cess and make international study

programs more affordable.In 2000,

Baylor began study-abroad programsat four new loca-tions — OxfordUniversity, theUniversity ofTasmania in

Australia,Voronezh State

University in Russia,and the University of

Cantabria in Spain. In addi-

tion, one Baylor student studiedon a fellowship at BilkentUniversity in Turkey during fall2000, and Baylor officials hopethe prestigious university willagree to an expanded and perma-nent exchange relationship.

One man who has seen Baylor’sinternational studies programdevelop through the past quartercentury is Dr. James W. Vardaman.A former Baylor professor of historyfor thirty-three years and MasterTeacher, Dr. Vardaman held TheJo Murphy Chair in InternationalEducation and served as director ofthe Center for InternationalEducation when he retired in sum-mer 2000. “When I arrivedat Baylor in 1967,internationalaffairs were hard-ly mentioned,”Dr. Vardamansaid. “Therewere occa-sional sum-mer tours ofEurope led byBaylor professors,but no classes wereoffered for credit.”

From those informal begin-nings, Baylor’s study-abroad pro-grams have grown steadily, due inno small part to support from thehighest levels of administration.“I think it is significant that bothPresident Robert Sloan andPresident Emeritus HerbertReynolds have lived overseas,” Dr. Vardaman said, “and I think it is especially important that Dr.

Sloan earned his doctorate from a university outside this country.These men, along with formerPresident Abner McCall, knewfirst-hand the value of interna-tional study.”

Dr. Sloan agrees that interna-tional education is a top priorityat Baylor. “We already have anoutstanding program, but we arelooking to expand it. An interna-tional program involves relation-ships with other universities sothat we can have personal, cultural,and academic exchanges that benefit and enrich our studentsand faculty. Also, we have someinternational relationships whereby

we hope to be of service toother institutions so

that they perhapscan be influencedby the spiritualand academicvalues at

Baylor,” Dr.Sloan said.Another

important con-tributor to the suc-

cess of the University’sinternational studies program

is the personal commitmentBaylor faculty are willing to maketo students, an asset that some-times lured National MeritScholars away from other universi-ties, Dr. Vardaman said. “We tellthem, we’ll look after you if youcome to Baylor,” he said. “Wepromise to make sure they getabroad in a good school if they dothe work they’re capable of doing.”

by Randy Fiedler

ABaylor in

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P r o v o s t ’ s R e p o r t 2 0 0 0 B A Y L O R U N I V E R S I T Y 17P r o v o s t ’ s R e p o r t 2 0 0 0 B A Y L O R U N I V E R S I T Y16

Dr. Lorin S. Matthews, lecturer in physics and theBaylor Interdisciplinary Core and senior researchscientist in CASPER, and Dr. Truell W. Hyde, II,associate professor, director of graduate studies inphysics, and director of CASPER, adjust the linear electrostatic accelerator used in research to developmore impact-resistant satellite shields. SUPER

SATELLITE SHIELDSCenter’s Innovative Research

Reaches into Outer SpaceBy Claudia Beal

High above us, microscopic

particles are hurtling through

space faster than high-speed

rifle bullets. This intergalactic

debris, smaller than grains

of sand, can damage orbiting

P r o v o s t ’ s R e p o r t 2 0 0 1 B A Y L O R U N I V E R S I T Y20 P r o v o s t ’ s R e p o r t 2 0 0 1 B A Y L O R U N I V E R S I T Y 21

satellites responsible for relayingcommunications worldwide.

Finding a way to build bettershields to protect these satellitesis just one of the projects beingresearched by Dr. Truell W. Hyde,II, associate professor of physics atBaylor and director of the Centerfor Astrophysics, Space Physics,and Engineering Research. Thecenter, a groundbreaking, collabo-rative effort between Baylor andTexas State Technical College,was established in 1999 and con-sists of a theory group, theAstrophysics and Space ScienceTheory Group, and two experi-mental labs: the HypervelocityImpacts and Dusty Plasma Laband the Space Science Lab.“This center’s research has thepotential to greatly influence howwe communicate worldwide,” saidBaylor President Robert B. Sloan,Jr. “And we are pleased thatCASPER is the driving forcebehind such an innovative area ofstudy and research.”

The idea to pool the resourcesof the two institutions of higherlearning originated with Dr.Hyde, who recognized thatthrough collaboration both insti-tutions could advance theirresearch to the next level of dis-covery. “This is a win-win situa-tion for both Baylor and TSTC.With this partnership, CASPER isable to provide a fully integratedresearch and education environ-ment that will be unparalleled,”Dr. Hyde said.

The two labs in the program are

housed in separate facilities on theTSTC campus and are equipped tosupport research in astrophysics,space physics, hypervelocityimpact physics, and dusty plasmaphysics. Under a signed agreement

between the presidents of the twoinstitutions, Baylor and TSTC pro-vided the start-up funds for thelabs and are responsible for annualoperating costs while TSTC alsoprovides facilities and ongoing

technical support. The theorygroup works out of the physicsdepartment on the Baylor campus.

CASPER continues a traditionof space research at Baylor thatdates to the 1960s, when the

physics department was activelyinvolved under Dr. MerleAlexander, professor emeritus ofphysics, in a number of space mis-sions beginning with Explorer I.A primary research area duringthe past decades has been thedevelopment of cosmic dustdetection systems. A version of adust monitor developed throughthe Space Science Lab has flownon several NASA missions. The establishment of CASPER

also has resulted in significanteducational benefits for students.“CASPER provides an opportunityfor both Baylor and TSTC stu-dents to participate in hands-onresearch in physics at a funda-mental level,” Dr. Hyde said. “Atthe same time, it provides themaccess to equipment they other-wise would not see and technicalsupport at the level of one of thenational labs.”

Research activities at CASPER

are carried out in an interdisci-plinary team setting that includesstudents from the departments ofengineering and physics at Baylor,and technical support from TSTC’slaser electro-optics, computermaintenance, manufacturing engi-neering, semiconductor manufac-turing, and drafting departments.This interdisciplinary focus exem-plifies the research and scholarlyactivities that increasingly arecentral to the mission of today’sinstitutions of higher learning.

The educational benefits ofCASPER also extend to thosewhose college careers are still afew years off, such as participantsin the GEAR UP Waco program.Baylor, TSTC, and five otherWaco entities received a $6 mil-lion five-year grant from theDepartment of Education toimplement the program, the nameof which is an acronym forGaining Early Awareness andReadiness for UndergraduatePrograms. Through this grant,CASPER is offering the PhysicsCircus, consisting of a ScienceTheater (complete with multime-dia and laser shows), Physics PhunHouse interactive displays, an egg-drop contest and a variety of other

activities. The goal is to assist andencourage students — especiallythose at risk of school failure —to graduate from high school andprepare for college. CASPER alsoconducts summer programs inwhich undergraduates fromaround the world, along withmotivated high school studentsand area teachers, work with fac-ulty, undergraduate, and graduatestudents in a blended research/education environment. CASPER’s

NSF-sponsored research experi-ences for undergraduates andteachers and high school scholarsprograms expose participants to aresearch laboratory and give themthe opportunity to obtain college-level experience. Such summerfellowships for elementary, middle,and high school teachers are partof a nationwide effort to introducecutting-edge science into theclassroom. CASPER 2000 summerteaching fellows are beta testingPhysics Circus in the Classroomcurriculum modules along withtheir associated Discovery Kitsin area school districts. This science curriculum was developedspecifically to integrate PhysicsCircus concepts into the eighthgrade classroom and was presentedat the 35th Conference for theAdvancement of Science Teachingheld at Texas A&M University.

Recent reviews by the NationalResearch Council and the Centerfor Science, Mathematics, andEngineering Education call forenhanced opportunities for stu-dents to learn through directexperience with the methods andprocesses of inquiry, Dr. Hydesaid. “CASPER bases its own suchmethod on an interdisciplinary,fully integrated education/researchparadigm that places Baylorundergraduate and graduate stu-dents at the forefront of bothresearch and education. Theexcitement generated in the pastyear by this approach is conta-gious and makes it a pleasure tobe involved in such an endeavor,”he said. ■

CASPER PROVIDES AN

OPPORTUNITY

FOR BOTH

BAYLOR AND TSTC

STUDENTS TO

PARTICIPATE IN

HANDS-ON

RESEARCH IN

PHYSICS AT A

FUNDAMENTAL LEVEL.

This center’s research has the

potential to greatly influence

how we communicate worldwide.

Ethan Swint, an engineering student who is

considering graduate work in physics,

demonstrates a wave machine in the GEAR

UP Coop Lab, one of the many hands-on

activities used in the center’s Physics Circus

held for area middle school students.

P r o v o s t ’ s R e p o r t 2 0 0 1 B A Y L O R U N I V E R S I T Y22

Truell W. Hyde, Physics; $79,265; from National Science Foundationfor the Summer Undergraduate Research Program and ResearchExperience for Teachers.

Pauline T. Johnson, Louise Herrington School of Nursing; $100,000; froma March of Dimes grant of $50,000 with matching funds from PediatrixMedical Group and Magella Healthcare Corp. of $25,000 each forNeonatal Nurse Practitioner Program.

Kenneth T. Wilkins, Biology; $13,970; from the Texas Parks and WildlifeDepartment for Survey and Inventory of Faunas (Mammalian, Reptilian,and Amphibian) of Hill Country State Natural Area and Pedernales FallsState Park.

Kevin J. Gutzwiller, Biology; $51,486; second-year funding from U.S.

Geological Survey for The Interactive Effects of Human Developmentand Climate Change on Migratory Landbirds.

Terry S. Maness, Hankamer School of Business; $75,000; from the JohnM. Kemper Foundation for Internships in Business Ethics.

Jaime L. Diaz-Granados, Psychology and Neuroscience; $452,796; fromNational Institutes of Health (National Institute on Alcohol Abuseand Alcoholism) for Adolescent EtOH Exposure: Effect on Adult EtOH

Response.

Kevin G. Pinney, F. Gordon A. Stone, B. Mark Britt, Stephen L. Gipson,Robert R. Kane, Carlos E. Manzanares, Charles M. Garner, andMarianna A. Busch, Chemistry and Biochemistry; individual grantstotaling $367,000 from The Robert A. Welch Foundation in support ofbasic chemical research.

Tina L. Thurston, Sociology and Anthropology; $58,270; from the NationalScience Foundation for Decentralized Societies and the Development ofSecondary States: State Formation in Denmark’s Iron Age.

Maxwell E. Shauck, Aviation Sciences; $604,194; from Central StatesAir Resource Agencies and the Texas Natural Resource ConservationCommission for Air Pollution Monitoring.

Ann E. Rushing and Wendy E. Sera, Biology; $39,300; from NationalScience Foundation for A Feeling for the Organism: UndergraduateSummer Research in Organismal Biology at Baylor University.

Kevin J. Gutzwiller, Biology; $33,756; from U.S. Geological Survey forSpatial and Temporal Analyses of Bird-Landscape Relations.

Benjamin A. Pierce, College of Arts and Sciences, Marianna A. Busch,Chemistry and Biochemistry, Christopher M. Kearney, Biology,Gregory D. Speegle and Marlene F. Tyrrell, Computer Science;$500,000; from the W.M. Keck Foundation for Science Equipment forBiochemistry and Bioinformatics.

Diana R. Garland, School of Social Work; $702,454; from LillyEndowment Inc. for Services and Faith: The Impact of Christian Faithand Congregational Life of Organized Community Caring; and$240,000; from the Henry Luce Foundation Inc. in support of theMaster of Social Work Program.

Robert R. Kane, Kevin G. Pinney, Charles M. Garner, B. Mark Britt,Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Christopher M. Kearney, Biology;$784,223; from OXiGENE Europe AB in support of various research top-ics within the University’s Center for Drug Discovery.

Susan K. Johnsen, Educational Psychology; $74,000; from the EducationalService Center (Region 12) for Texas Beginning Education SupportSystem (TxBESS).

M. Rebecca Sharpless, Institute for Oral History; $22,864; from theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention for CDC Division ofReproductive Health Oral History Project.

Cassie Findley and Rosemary Townsend, Health Services; $252,016;fourth year of the “Statewide Mentoring” grant from the TexasCommission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse.

Dianna M. Vitanza, Academic Affairs; $12,000; from Lilly EndowmentInc. for Baylor University Faculty Mentoring Program.

Charles M. Tolbert II, Sociology; $53,000 (Transfer from Louisiana StateUniversity); from the National Science Foundation for Civic Communityand Civic Welfare: A Study Based on Economic Census Microdata.

Michael Beaty, Institute for Faith and Learning; Jeter Basden,Religion, Tom Charlton, Academic Affairs; A.J. Conyers, George W.Truett Theological Seminary; and Todd Lake, Student Life; $2,000,000;from Lilly Endowment Inc., for Baylor Horizons: The Exploration ofVocation for a Life of Service.

For additional information about the above partial listing of Baylor faculty project grants and contracts, contact the Office of Sponsored Programs and Contracts, Gary E. Carter,director; the Office of Foundation Development, Cynthia J. Dougherty, director; or Thomas L. Charlton, vice provost for research.

SOME RECENT PROJECT GRANTS AND CONTRACTSOF BAYLOR FACULTY MEMBERS