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PAPERI
Days Chapter TopicHome
Assignment
1.
Introduction:
Meaning, scope and significance ofPublic Administration
Wilsons vision of PublicAdministration
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Assignment
(1A -1)
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Assignment
(1A -2)
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Assignment(1A -3)
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Assignment(1A -4)
2.
Evolution of the discipline and itspresent status;
New Public Administration
3.
Good Governance: concept andapplication;
New Public Management.
4.
Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization,
Privatisation , Globalisation
5.Administrative
Thought
Scientific Management andScientific Management movement;
Classical Theory; Webersbureaucratic modelits critique and
post-Weberian Developments
6 Classical Theory, Dynamic Administration (Mary
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Parker Follett);
7
Human Relations School (EltonMayo and others);
Functions of the Executive (C.I.Barnard)
8
Simons decision-making theory; Participative Management (R.
Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor)
9
Administrative
Behaviour
Process and techniques of decision-making
10 Communication
11
Morale; Motivation Theoriescontent,
process and contemporary
12
Theories of Leadership: Traditionaland Modern
13
Organisations
Theoriessystems, contingency
14
Ministries and Departments, Boardsand Commissions
15
Corporations, Companies, Ad hocand advisory bodies; Headquarters
and Field relationships; Regulatory
Authorities; Public - Private
Partnerships
16 Accountability
and control
Concepts of accountability andcontrol; Legislative, Executive andJudicial control over administration
17 Citizen and Administration;
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Role of media, interest groups,voluntary organizations ;
Civil society
18
Citizens Charters;
Right to Information; Social audit
19
Administrative
Law
Meaning, scope and significance;Dicey on Administrative law
20 Delegated legislation
21 Administrative Tribunals
22
Comparative
Public
Administration
Historical and sociological factorsaffecting administrative systems;
Administration and politics indifferent countries
23
Current status of ComparativePublic Administration; Ecology and
administration
24 Riggsian models and their critique
25
Development
Dynamics
Concept of development; Changingprofile of development
administration; Anti-development
thesis
26
Bureaucracy and development;Strong state versus the market
debate
27
Impact of liberalisation onadministration in developingcountries; Women and development
- the self-help group movement-1
October
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28
Personnel
Administration
Importance of human resourcedevelopment; Recruitment, training
29
career advancement, positionclassification, discipline,performance appraisal, promotion
30
Pay and service conditions;employer-employee relations
31
Grievance redressal mechanism;Code of conduct; Administrative
ethics
32
Public Policy
Models of policy-making and theircritique
33
Processes of conceptualisation,planning, implementation,
monitoring, evaluation and review
and their limitations
34
State theories and public policyformulation
35
Techniques of
Administrative
Improvement
Organisation and methods
36
Work study and work management;e-governance and informationtechnology
37
Management aid tools like networkanalysis, MIS, PERT, CPM
38 FinancialAdministration
Monetary and fiscal policies; Publicborrowings and public debt
39 Budgets - types and forms; ;
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Accounts and audit
40
Budgetary process; Financialaccountability
PAPERII
41Evolution of
Indian
Administration:
Kautilyas Arthashastra
Mughal administration
Legacy of British rule in politicsand administration - Indianization of
public services, revenue
administration, districtadministration, local self-
government
42
Philosophical
and
Constitutional
framework of
government
Salient features and value premises
Constitutionalism; Political culture
Bureaucracy and democracy;Bureaucracy and development
43Public Sector
Undertakings
Public sector in modern India;Forms of Public Sector
Undertakings
Problems of autonomy,accountability and control
Impact of liberalization andprivatization
44Union
Government and
Administration
Executive (Part - 1)
Executive (Part - 2)
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Judiciary - structure
Parliament, functions, workprocesses; Recent trends;
Intragovernmental relations
Cabinet Secretariat; PrimeMinisters Office; CentralSecretariat
Ministries and Departments;Boards; Commissions; Attached
offices; Field organizations
45Plans and
Priorities
Machinery of planning; Role,composition and functions of the
Planning Commission and the
National Development Council;Indicative planning
Process of plan formulation atUnion and State levels
Constitutional Amendments (1992)and decentralized planning for
economic development and social
justice
46.
State
Government and
Administration:
Union-State administrative,legislative and financial relations
47.
Role of the Finance Commission;Governor; Chief Minister; Council
of Ministers
48.
Chief Secretary; State Secretariat;Directorates
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49.
District
Administrationsince
Independence
Changing role of the Collector
50.
Union-state-local relations;Imperatives of development
management and law and orderadministration;
District administration anddemocratic decentralization
51.
Civil Services
Constitutional position; Structure,recruitment, training and capacity-
building
52.
Good governance initiatives; Codeof conduct and discipline; Political
rights
53.
Staff associations; Grievanceredressal mechanism; Civil serviceneutrality; Civil service activism
54.
Financial
Management
Budget as a political instrument;Parliamentary control of publicexpenditure
Role of finance ministry inmonetary and fiscal area;
Accounting techniques; Audit;
55
Role of Controller General ofAccounts and Comptroller and
Auditor General of India
56. Administrative
Reforms since
Independence
Major concerns; ImportantCommittees and Commissions
57. Reforms in financial management
and human resource development;
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Problems of implementation
58.
Rural
Development
Institutions and agencies sinceindependence; Rural development
programmes: foci and strategies
59.
Decentralization and PanchayatiRaj;73rd Constitutional amendment
60
Urban Local
Government
Municipal governance: mainfeatures, structures, finance andproblem areas; 74th Constitutional
Amendment; Global-local debate
61
New localism; Developmentdynamics, politics and
administration with special
reference to city management
62
Law and OrderAdministration
British legacy; National PoliceCommission; Investigativeagencies; Role of central and state
agencies including paramilitary
forces in maintenance of law and
order and countering insurgency andterrorism
63
Criminalisation of politics andadministration; Police-public
relations; Reforms in Police
64
Significant
issues in Indian
Administration
Values in public service; RegulatoryCommissions
65
National Human RightsCommission; Problems of
administration in coalition regimes
66 Citizen-administration interface;
Corruption and administration;
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Disaster management
Gist of Important National Administrative CommitteesReport
1. Section-AGist of Important National Administrative
Committees Report "Section-A"
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Material
2. Section-BGist of Important National AdministrativeCommittees Report "Section-B"
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Material
3. Section-CGist of Important National Administrative
Committees Report "Section-C"
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Material
3. Section-DGist of Important National Administrative
Committees Report "Section-D"Click Here for
Material
4. Section-EGist of Important National Administrative
Committees Report "Section-E"
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Material
5. Section-FGist of Important National Administrative
Committees Report "Section-F"Click Here for
Material
Gist of Important Articles from IIPA Journal (Collection of
Last 25 years)
1. Chapter 1Ethics - The Other Name for Good
Governance R.C. Sekhar
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Material
2. Chapter 2Changing Administrative Values in India
V. SubramaniamClick Here for
Material
3. Chapter 3 Ethics and Administration Shekhar SinghClick Here for
Material
4. Chapter 4Women and Empowerment Shanta Kohli
ChandraClick Here for
Material
5. Chapter 5Prime Ministers Office - We Cannot and
Need Not do Without IT B.G. Deshmukh
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Material
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6. Chapter 6Role and Functioning of Election
Commission of India M.S. Gill
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Material
7. Chapter 7Central Vigilance Commission: A Profile
P.K. Gopinath
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Material
8. Chapter 8Galloping Corruption: Need for EffectiveVigilance U.C. Agarwal
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Material
9. Chapter 9 Indian Finance Commission G. ThimmaiahClick Here for
Material
10. Chapter 10Role of Comptroller and Auditor General in
India V.K. ShungluClick Here for
Material
11. Chapter 11Public Sector in Independent India Suresh
Kumar
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Material
12. Chapter 12Recent Initiatives for Administrative
Reform in India P.S.A. Sundaram
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Material
13. Chapter 13Reservation Policy in India: Theory and
Practice S.R. MaheshwariClick Here for
Material
14. Chapter 14Welfare Administration in India: A Critical
Evaluation R.K. BarikClick Here for
Material
15. Chapter 15Administration of Urban Development
M.N. Buch
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Material
16 Chapter 16Natural Disaster Management in India
Vinod K. Sharma
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Material
17 Chapter 17Sociological Theory and Concepts in Public
Administration A.P. BarnadasClick Here for
Material
18 Chapter 18Managing Natural Resources for disaster
Reduction A.K. Kaushik and RiturajClick Here for
Material
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19 Chapter 19Criminalisation of Polities beyond Vohra
Committee P.R. Dubhashi
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Material
20 Chapter 20Police ReformNew Imperatives T.
Ananthachari
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Material
21 Chapter 21
Sustainable Development: Imperatives of
Public AdministrationR. Rajamani
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Material
22 Chapter 22
Ethics in Public AdministrationMaladies
and Remedies
Bata K. Dey
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Material
23 Chapter 23
Right to Information Regime in India: ACritical Appraisal
Sapna Chadah
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Material
24 Chapter 24
Public Services in India: Achievements andDisappointments
U.C. Agarwal
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Material
25 Chapter 25Restructuring of Municipal Services inIndia Awadesh Kumar Singh
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Material
26 Chapter 26Critique of Governance from theGrassroots Perspective P. Raghu Ram
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Material
27 Chapter 27
Efficiency in Administration: Measures
Required to Enhance Efficiency inAdministration R.D. Sharma
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Material
28 Chapter 28
Role of Information Technology and E-
Governance in Effective Delivery of Public
ServiceInitiatives, Challenges andProspects Inderjeet Singh Sodhi
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Material
29 Chapter 29Globalisation Governance and the State
Furoquan Ahmad and Akhtar Ali
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Material
30 Chapter 30
Public Private Partnership in India (Policy,
Strategies and Operationalisation Issues)
T.N. Dhar
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Material
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31 Chapter 31
Social Mobilisation for Empowering RuralPoor Through SHGs: A Study in Assam byT. Medhavati Devi and N. Upadhay
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Material
32 Chapter 32
Gender Budgeting to Gender
Mainstreaming by Shalini Rajneesh
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Material
33 Chapter 33Value based Capacity Building Through E-
Administration by Sangeeta SharmaClick Here for
Material
34 Chapter 34The Working of Panchayati Raj: An
Analysis by S.A. PalekarClick Here for
Material
35 Chapter 35Peoples Empowerment by Arvind K.
Sharma
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Material
36 Chapter 36
Citizens CharterAn Instrument of Public
Accountability: Problems and Prospects in
India by R.B. Jain
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Material
37 Chapter 37Law and Order: A Precondition for Good
Governance by O.P. Tandon
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Material
38 Chapter 38Indian Judiciary and Challenges of 21st
Century by A.S. AnandClick Here for
Material
39 Chapter 39The Challenges of Globalisation for CivilServants by P.R. Ramaswamy
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Material
40 Chapter 40
Zero Base Budgeting: Re-Emphasised inIndiaA Case of Research and
Development Organisation by Nand
Dhameja
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Material
41 Chapter 41Role of All-India Services in Centre-State
Relation by U.C. Agarwal
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Material
42 Chapter 42
Opening Government for Public Scrutiny:A Critique of Recent Efforts to Make
Governance in India more Transparent and
Accountable by R.B. Jain
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Material
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43 Chapter 43Indian Federalism at Work: Role of
Governor by Sudhanshu Tripathi
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Material
44 Chapter 44
Public Services in India: Issues of
Neutrality vs. Commitment by AhmadShamshad
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Material
45 Chapter 45
Indian Party System towards Coalition
Governance: Need for Introspection by
R.K. Poonia, P.S. Malik and Saroj Malik
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Material
46 Chapter 46
Privatisation and Public Enterprises in
India: Issues of Policy and Implementation
by C.V. Raghavulu
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Material
47 Chapter 47Police and Good Governance: Promotion of
Human Rights by Ved Marwah
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Material
48 Chapter 48Action Plan for an Effective and
Responsive GovernmentClick Here for
Material
49 Chapter 49Corruption and Need to Curb IT by P.D.
MalaviyaClick Here for
Material
50 Chapter 50Some Perspectives on Governance forDevelopment by B.G. Deshmukh
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Material
51 Chapter 51
Socio-Economic Development in India and
Five Decades of Planning by AhmadShamshad
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Material
52 Chapter 52
Voluntary Associations and Development:
The Indian Experience by BidyutCharkrabarty
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Material
53 Chapter 53Peoples Participation in Governance by E.
Vayunandan and Dolly MathewClick Here for
Material
54 Chapter 54
Constitutional Head of State without
Constitutional SecurityThe Governor and
his Removal by Priti Saxena
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Material
55 Chapter 55Corruption and Need to Curb IT by P.D.
MalaviyaClick Here for
Material
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56 Chapter 56Some Perspectives on Governance for
Development by B.G. Deshmukh
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Material
57 Chapter 57
Socio-Economic Development in India and
Five Decades of Planning by AhmadShamshad
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Material
58 Chapter 58
Voluntary Associations and Development:
The Indian Experience by Bidyut
Charkrabarty
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Material
59 Chapter 59Peoples Participation in Governance by E.
Vayunandan and Dolly MathewClick Here for
Material
60 Chapter 60
Constitutional Head of State withoutConstitutional SecurityThe Governor and
his Removal by Priti Saxena
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Material
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The term Public Administration has been differently defined by different scholars, which
shows the variety of views about the meaning and nature of the subject. According to some,
Public Administration is defined as the organisation and management of human and materialresources to fulfil the objectives laid down by the government. But in its comprehensive sense
government means and includes all of its three branches, i.e., the legislative, the executive and
the judicial. Is Public Administration concerned with the work of all these or of only some? Boththe views have been held by thinkers. To some of them, Public Administration is concerned withthe whole range of governmental activity under all the three branches-Legislature, executive and
judiciary; while to others it is concerned with activities of an executive nature wherever they
may occur. According to some critics if wider and broader definition of Public Administration istaken it will mean making the scope of the subject unwieldy.
Some well known defi ni tions of Public Administration are:
Public Administration is that part of the science of Administration which has to do with
government and, thus, concerns itself, primarily with the executive branch, where the work of the
government is done though there are, obviously, problems also in connection with the legislativeand judicialbranches. Luther Gullick
Public Administration consists of doing the work of government whether it be running of Xray
machine in a health laboratory or coining money in the mint. John M. Pfiffner
By Public Administration is meant in common usage the activities of the executivebranches of
the national, state and local governments. H. Simon
Public Administration is the art and science of management as applied to the affairs of state.
Waldo
Public Administration is concerned with the what and the how of government. The what is
the subject-matter, the technical knowledge of a field which enables an administrator to performhis tasks. The how is the techniques of management, the principles according to which co-
operative programmes are carried through to success. Each is indispensable, together they form
the synthesis called the Public Administration. Dimock
Public Administration consists of all those operations having for their purpose the fulfillment of
enforcement of public policy. L. D. White
Public Administration is a detailed and systematic application of law. Every particular
application of law is an act of administration. Woodrow Wilson
Public Administration has come to signify primarily to organisation, personnel, practices and
procedures essential to effective performance of the civilian function entrusted to the executivebranch of government. Morstein Marx
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Public Administration comprises all activities of persons or groups in governments of their
agencies, whether these organisations are international, regional or local in their scopr, to fulfil
the purpose of these governments or agencies. J. S. Hodgson
The above definitions of public Administration make it clear that Public Administration is really
government in action. It is clear from these definitions that the term Public Administration hasbeen used in two senseswider and narrow. The wider view has been taken by L. D. White,
Woodrow Wilson and Pfiffner while narrow view has been taken by Luther Gullick, H. Simon
and others. L. D. White and Woodrow Wilson equate the sphere of activity of PublicAdministration with the implementation of public policy and law. Writers like Pfiffner lay more
emphasis on the co-coordinating role of administration. According to him Public Administration
consists of getting the work of government done by co-coordinating the efforts of the people so
that they can work together to accomplish their set tasks.
However, the definition given by F.A. Nigro is a more comprehensive by one and includes,
besides the above mentioned aspects, the interaction between Public Administration and political
process as well as its association with the community as a whole. Nigro summarized the meaningof Public Administration in these words.
Public Administration:
a. is co-operative group effort in public setting;b. covers all there branchesexecutive, legislative and judicialand their interrelationshipc. has an important role in the formulation of public policy and is thus a part of the political
process;
d. is more important than and also different in significant ways from private administration;e. as a field of study and practice has been much influenced in recent years by the human
relations approach;f. is closely associated with numerous private groups and individuals in providing services
to the community."
SCOPE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
The divergent approaches regarding the definitions of Public Administration confronts us with
the problem of understanding the scope of the study of Public Administration. As is evident from
the definitions, the differences of views centres round the crucial points whether Public
Administration is only the managerial part of the governmental work, or the entire complex ofactivities of only the executive branches of government, or of all the branches, i.e., executive,
legislative and judicial, and finally whether administration is mere execution or is a factor in the
formulation of policy also. Broadly, there are the following major views regarding the scope ofthe study of Public Administration:
1. Integral View.2. Managerial View.3. Broader and Narrow View.
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4. POSDCORB View.5. Subject-matter View.
1. Integral View
What we come to analyse the nature of administration, we find ourselves confronted with twobroad views, which may conveniently be called the integral and the managerial views.
According to integral view, Public Administration is a sum-total of all the activities undertaken
in pursuit of and in fulfilment of public policy. These activities include not only managerial and
technical but also manual and clerical. Thus, the activities of all persons working in anorganisation from top to bottom constitute administration although they are of varying
significance to the running of administrative machinery. It means that from a peon to the top
level Seceratary, all employees are parts of administration. Henry Fayol and L.D. White seem to
share the integral view of administration. According to Henry Fayol, "Every employee in anundertakingworkman, shopmanager, head of division, head of department, manager and if it is
a stake enterprise, the series extends to the minister or head of the statetakes a larger of smaller
share in the work of administration." While sharing this view L.D. White says that PublicAdministration "consists of all those operatioins having for their purpose the fulfilment or
enforcement of public policy."
2. Managerial View
Herbert Simon, Smithburg and Thompson and Luther Gullick on the other hand subscribe to the
managerial view of Public Administration. The managerial view postulates and use of men andmaterials in the pursuit of common objectives. It, thus, does not include all the activities of an
organisation into its include all the activities of an organisation into its ambit but takes out only
those activities for its study which involve the techniques of management and are, therefore,
common to all sorts of organisations. Administration is the specialized vocation of mangers(executives) who have skills of organizing and directing men and materials just as definitely as
an engineer has the skills of building structures of a doctor has the skills of understanding human
ailments. As Ordway Tead puts its, Administration is conceived as the necessary activates ofindividuals (executives) in an organisation who are charged with ordering, forwarding and
facilitating the associated efforts of a group of individuals brought together to realise certain
defined purposes. Luther Gullick is of the view that administration is to the identified withmanagerial techniques, he sums up those techniques in the word POSDCORB each letter of
which describes one techniques namelyPlanning, Organising, Staffing, Directing,
Coordinating, Reporting and Budgeting.
3. Broader and Narrow View
Public Administration deals essentially with the machinery and procedures of government. It isthe action part of government. While discussing the scope of government. While discussing the
scope of Public Administration, we come across two viewpoints, one taking the broader view
about the government and the other taking the narrow view. As Willoughby highlights, Theterm administration may be employed in Political Science in two senses. In its broadest sense,
it denotes the work involved with actual conduct of government affairs In its narrowest sense,
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it denotes the operations of the administrative branch only. According to broader point of view,
Public Administration is cnceiveed in a comprehensive sense to include all the activities of the
government whether failing in the shphere of the legislative, executive or judicial branch ofgovernment.
4. POSDCORB View
Luther Gullick defines these techniques by the letters of teh word: POSDCORB. This word is
made up of initials and indicates the following activities.
The POSDCORB activities are common to all large-scale organisations. They are the common
problems of management, which are found in the different agencies, regardless of the peculiar
nature of the work they do. These common activities are performed by Public Administrationirrespective of the fact whether it is involved in military or in civil administration or in the
administration of central of state government or in the administration of local bodies.
5. The Subject-Matter View
The subject-matter view of Public Administration has come into reckoning in reaction to the
POSDCORB view. It was to be pointed out that the POSDCORB activities were neither thewhole of administration, nor even the most important part of it. They were but the common
housekeeping activities of tools of administration, the real core of which consisted of the various
line functions or services produced for the peoplelaw and order, education, social, welfare,public health, justice, defence, etc. The real content of the Public Administration should be the
main functions or services for which the government comes into existence. The question of
policy and programming in the field so education, social security, public health, justice and
defence are as much part of Public Administration as staffing,
co-ordination or budgeting. Of course, the problems of management may not be exactly similarin all the department of the government.
SIGNIFICANCE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
The following points highlight the Significance of Public Administration in a modern state.
1. Public Administration:A Government in Action: Public Administration in a modern state in
a government in action. The activities of government are almost invariably important and we
look to the state and therefore to Public Administration for their accomplishments.
2. The stabilizing role of Public Administration in society:Professor Paul Pigors of theMassachusetts Institute of Technology feels that primary function of Public Administration is
that of stabilizing social institutions. According to him the administrative function insures the
continuance of the existing order with a minimum of effort and risk. Its fundamental aim is to
carry on rather than to venture along new and untried paths. Administrators are, therefore, thestabilizers of society and the guardians of tradition. They are stabilizers in both a positive and a
negative sence, for not only do they make possible the continuance of the ideas which they
convert into institutions; they also frustrate many innovations to which they deny their support.
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3. The role of Public Administration in Social Change:Books Adams advocated that the chief
function of Public Administration should be to facilitate social change, or paradoxical as it may
seem, to assure social stability for facilitating social change.
4. Pubic Administration as the key to modern society:According to Charles A. Bread the
modern society is a Great Society. It consists of many different groups woven together in acomplicated process of production. Every enterprise in the Great Society, as well as the Great
Society itself, rests upon administration The state in the Great Society, like the private
corporation, also rests upon administration. So whatever may be the future, the science ofadministration will be an essential instrument of human welfare.
5. Public Administration as a mechanism for promoting culture of the society: PublicAdministration has a very important place not only as an instrument of government but also as an
important mechanism for preserving and promoting the culture of the society.
6. Public Administrationa fourth branch of government:The era of the laissez faire state
has come to an end. Instead, a positivistinterventionist welfare state has emerged steadily. Thishas enhanced the importance and role of Public Administration.
7. Increasing role of Public Administration in policy making:Public Administration plays its
role in policy making in various ways. It helps the executive in indentifying major policy areas,preparing major policy proposals, analyzing various alternatives and solution, dividing the majorpolicies into subpolicies, determining programmes of action and suggesting modification in the
existing policy on the basis of its experience on the implementation front.
8. Public Administrationas an agency for development:Development is the centre of
politics of the so-called third world countries and government play a key role in national
development. Public Administration in considered an important mechanism in this developmentprocess. Government use its administrative machinery to achieve national development task by
formulating, organizing and implementing large-scale action programmes.
WILSONS VISION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
There should be a science of administration which shall seek to straighten the paths ofgovernment, to make its business less unbusinesslike, to strengthen and purify its organisation,
and to crown its duties with dutifulness.
Woodrow Wilsons contribution to public administration can be seen from four interlinked
standpoints.
i. His advocacy of science of administration;ii. His emphasis on the special nature of administration distinguishing administration from
politics;
iii. His aspirant predilection for private or business administration; andiv. His early initiative for comparative study of administration.
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Wilsons 1887 article on The Science of Administration, which is regarded as the founding
essay for the field, was written at3 a time (in the late ninetieth century) when the field of public
administration was established as a profession and an academic study. The crying need was toeliminate corruption, improve efficiency 1880s reformers reacted sharply against abuse at all
levels: the city state and national governments. One of the voices of reform was Woodrow
Wilson. A lawyer trained at the University of Virginia, Wilson went on to study politicaleconomy at johns Hopkins University