questions - indiana university bloomingtoncourses.chem.indiana.edu/c483/documents/lecture2.pdf ·...

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1/7/2013 1 pH and Buffers C483 Spring 2013 Questions 1. T/F When acid is added to pure water, Kw, the ionproduct constant of water, changes. 2. A solution containing 108 M HCl and 108 M acetic acid contains H+ which is supplied mostly by A) the strong acid. B) the weak acid. C) both the strong and the weak acids. D) water. 3. Compare solution A with pH = 4 to solution B with pH = 6. A) The concentration of hydronium ion in solution A is twice that in solution B. B) Solution A has greater buffering capacity than solution B. C) The concentration of hydronium ion in solution A is 100 times that in solution B. D) The hydroxide concentrations are equal in the two solutions since pH only measures the concentration of H+.

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Page 1: Questions - Indiana University Bloomingtoncourses.chem.indiana.edu/c483/documents/Lecture2.pdf · 1/7/2013 1 pH and Buffers C483 Spring 2013 Questions 1. T/F When acid is added to

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pH and Buffers

C483 Spring 2013

Questions1. T/F  When acid is added to pure water, Kw, the ion‐product constant of water, 

changes.2. A solution containing 10‐8 M HCl and 10‐8 M acetic acid contains H+ which is 

supplied mostly by A) the strong acid.B) the weak acid.C) both the strong and the weak acids.D) water.

3.  Compare solution A with pH =  4 to solution B with pH = 6.A) The concentration of hydronium ion in solution A is twice that in 

solution B.B) Solution A has greater buffering capacity than solution B.C) The concentration of hydronium ion in solution A is 100 times that 

in solution B.D) The hydroxide concentrations are equal in the two solutions since 

pH only measures the concentration of H+.

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4. Two weak acids, A and B, have pKa values of 4 and 6, respectively.  Which statement is true?

A) Acid A dissociates to a greater extent in water than acid B.B) For solutions of equal concentration, acid B will have a lower pH.C) B is the conjugate base of A.D) Acid A is more likely to be a polyprotic acid than acid B.E) The equivalence point of acid A is higher than that of acid B.

5. The ratio of the concentration of a ________ over ________ describes the proportions of forms of a weak acid necessary to satisfy the Henderson‐Hasselbalchequation. 

A) conjugate acid; conjugate base B) conjugate base; conjugate acid C) proton donor; proton acceptor D) proton acceptor; proton donor E) B and D 

6. At the midpoint of a titration curve A) the concentration of a conjugate base is equal to the concentration of a 

conjugate acid. B) the pH equals the pKa.  C) the ability of the solution to buffer is best. D) All of the above.  E) A and B only.

Autoionization of Water

Page 3: Questions - Indiana University Bloomingtoncourses.chem.indiana.edu/c483/documents/Lecture2.pdf · 1/7/2013 1 pH and Buffers C483 Spring 2013 Questions 1. T/F When acid is added to

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Kw, The Ion Product of Water

Reciprocal Relationship

Page 4: Questions - Indiana University Bloomingtoncourses.chem.indiana.edu/c483/documents/Lecture2.pdf · 1/7/2013 1 pH and Buffers C483 Spring 2013 Questions 1. T/F When acid is added to

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pH of Neutral Water

pH of Solutions

• If acid is added to water, the concentration of hydronium increases and pH decreases

• If base is added to water, the concentration of hydronium decreases (ion product of water) and the pH increases

• Addition of MORE acid vs. addition of a STRONGER acid

Page 5: Questions - Indiana University Bloomingtoncourses.chem.indiana.edu/c483/documents/Lecture2.pdf · 1/7/2013 1 pH and Buffers C483 Spring 2013 Questions 1. T/F When acid is added to

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Strong Acid

• Complete dissociation

• What is the pH of a 0.01 M HClsolution?

• What is your assumption?

• You add a drop of HCl to make a 1 x 10‐8 M solution.  What is the pH? 

H+

H+

H+

H+

HClHCl

HClHCl

HCl

Cl-

Cl-

Cl-

Cl-

Cl-

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

H3O+

H3O+

H3O+

H3O+

H3O+

Weak AcidsStrong Weak

Page 6: Questions - Indiana University Bloomingtoncourses.chem.indiana.edu/c483/documents/Lecture2.pdf · 1/7/2013 1 pH and Buffers C483 Spring 2013 Questions 1. T/F When acid is added to

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Weak Acid Dissociation Constants

• Weak acids have low [pdts], therefore low Ka

• Low Ka = high pKa

• Weaker acids have __________ Ka values and __________ pKas

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Henderson‐Hasselbalch

Proton Acceptor

Proton Donor

Qualitative Understanding

• Relationship of– Solution pH

– Strength of acid

– Ratio of CB to CA

• Solve quantitatively, but understand qualititively

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Understand Figures

Problems

• Ionization state of a moiety at a given pH– Examples:

• Ability to read data charts (following page)

Less important problems for biochemistry:  Determine pH of a weak acid/base solution; titration curve pH (Ignore Calculation 2.1)

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Buffers

Page 10: Questions - Indiana University Bloomingtoncourses.chem.indiana.edu/c483/documents/Lecture2.pdf · 1/7/2013 1 pH and Buffers C483 Spring 2013 Questions 1. T/F When acid is added to

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N

HN

NH

HN

N

HN

N

HN

N

HN

N

HN

NH

HN

NH

HN

NH

HN

NH

HN H+

H+

N

HN

NH

HN

NH

HN

NH

HN

NH

HN

NH

HN

NH

HN

NH

HN

NH

HN

NH

HN

H+

H+

H+

HClHCl

HClHCl

HCl

Cl-

Cl-

Cl-

Cl-

Cl-

Buffer Capacity

• Depends on pKaof CA/CB mix

• Depends on concentration of CA/CB

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Non‐Important Problem

• Page 50, Sample Calculation 2.2

– Let’s Review it for concepts

• No one makes a buffer this way!

• More realistic:  Describe the best way to make a phophate buffer of pH 6.8 and  7.5  

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Blood Buffer

Answers

1. F

2. D

3. C

4. A

5. E

6. D