AAJAY JHAJHRIAAJAY JHAJHRIA AJAY JHAJHRIA

HISTORY OF N.W.R• North Western Railway was raised on

1st Oct, 2002.• It consist of two divisions each from

Northern &Western Railway.• The formation of this zone along with

five new zones was first approved by Railway Board on 16th Sept, 1996. The main Branch of N.W.R is situated inJagatpura.

• This branch covers four main division – Ajmer, Bikaner, Jaipur, Jodhpur.

1. Ajmer Division• 12 computerized PRS center.• includes 130 stations.2. Bikaner Division• Established in 1924.• it serves the state of Rajasthan &

Punjab.

• Jaipur Division:• It serves the state of Uttarpradesh,

Haryana.• 14 computerized PRS center.• Jodhpur Division:• Established in 1882.• It serves the state of Pali, Jalore,

Barmier.• 15 computerized PRS centre.

ELECTRONIC/TELEPHONE EXCHANGE

• Telecom exchange are the vital assets of the local communication networking.

• During the age of information of technology telephone exchange plays a important role for connecting subscriber.

• Types of Electronic Exchange• Automatic Electronic Exchange.• C-dot Electronic Exchange.• Digital Electronic Exchange.

Centre For Development Of Telemetric• C-DOT exchange are commonly used in railways because it use only one microprocessorIC. (65C02)• In C-DOT 128 ports are commonly use in

railways.Some Important Cards Used In Exchange1.SLC -CARDIn exchange 10 SLC cards are used including 3Trunk card.

TOP VIEW OF SLC CARD

2. TRD –CARD(tone generator card)TRD CARD generate 8 different types oftones to indicate the status of other card.If any type of error is generated by other cardThen it will be detected by TRD by generating tone.

MICROWAVE

What is microwave ?• It is multi channel directional narrow

band radio relay system.• Microwaves Communication depends

upon the Microwaves. Microwaves essentially very short waves.

• Microwave frequency spectrum is usually taken to extend from 1Ghz to 30 GHz.

Microwave CommunicationFeatures• Frequency: 7.125-

7.425Ghz• It uses Remote

Supervision technique.• Operate with -48dc supply

&Positive terminal is ground.

Fading:• Fading is a loss of microwave energy duringits propagation from transmitting antenna toreceiving antenna.

• Importance of microwave 1. Increased gain & directivity of antenna.2. Secrecy3.Increased capacity in order to transmitted intelligence.

Advantage of Microwave1. Power consumption is less.2. Efficiency is 99.99%.3. Noise is completely Eliminated.

Disadvantage of Microwave1. Interference due to Radar & Satellite.2.Propogation distortion due to rain & atmospheric condition.

RAIL-NET

• RAILNET abbreviated from two wordsRAILway + interNET. • Railnet means “ the internet used by

railway”.• First Railnet was established betweenRAILWAY BOARD, 9 zones, & 6 production units.

• INTRA-NET:Intra-net is an internal network of Indian Railway. Which is use by only railway officers and staff member.• INTER-NET:Inter-net allow user to get into a globalcommunication method & global pool of knowledge through www in a secure manner.

TOOLS :• E-mail• EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)• WWW• FTP ( File Transfer Protocol)• TCP ( Transmission Control

Protocol)

P.R.S(Passenger Reservation System)

• Passenger Reservation System has five main

Region Which is located at Delhi, Mumbai,Kolkata, Chennai & Secundrabad.• Each Passenger Reservation System isinterconnected with the other via 64Kbps or 2Mbps cable.• In PRS DTE is must.

DATA TERMINAL EQUIPMENT• Data Terminal Equipment is used toconvert the digital signal into analog signal using modem through main frame computer.

ROUTER• A device like a bridge but can handle

differentprotocol is known as ROUTER.• A Router connects two LAN plus it has a

connection to the internet.

LIMITATION OF ROUTER • More processing time require which can effect the

performance.

ROUTER & INTERNET CONNECTION

THANKS

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