Railroads Lead the Way Sec. 19-1 Pgs 556-559

Define: consolidation – railroad baron – gauge – rebate – pool

Identify: Cornelius Vanderbilt – James Hill –

Collis Huntington – Leland Stanford –

George Westinghouse - Gustavus Swift –

George Pullman

Railroad Expansion• Expansion of railroad system was

accompanied by consolidation – practice of combining separate companies – buying out smaller companies or driving them out of business.

• Railroad barons – few powerful men controlling the nation’s rail traffic

• Cornelius Vanderbilt – RR line from New York to Great Lakes

• James Hill – Great Northern RR – Minnesota to Washington State

• Collis Huntington and Leland Stanford – Central Pacific RR – California to Utah

• Few laws regulated the railroad business  

SUMMARIZEDefine: Consolidation Railroad barons

Who were several of the famous railroad barons of the late 1800s?

Railroads Stimulate EconomyCarried raw materials (iron ore, coal,

timber) to factories• Carried finished manufactured goods from

factories to markets – farms – cities• Steel tracks replaced iron – lumber used

for ties – coal for fuel• Different RR lines used different gauges

(width) • Consolidation allowed companies to adopt

a standard gauge – would allow faster shipment of goods at reduced cost – no longer unloading from train to train.

RR Technology •George Westinghouse – air brakes for stopping trains• Eli Janney – train couplers to connect/link cars• Gustavus Swift – refrigerated cars to ship meat/perishables long distances• George Pullman – sleeping car – beds for overnight travel – dining cars

SummarizeWhat vocab term meant width of the

tracks?How did growth of railroads help to

stimulate the nation’s economy?What did Gustavus Swift invent ?What was George Pullman known for?

Competition for customersRebates – secret discounts to biggest

customers – raised freight rates for farmers – small businesses

Pools – divided railroad business among companies – set rates for region – with no other competition, higher rates earned RR barons more profits.

Transported many settlers- industries to Great Plains-Midwest in late 1800s.National system of time with 4 time zones – eastern – central – mountain – pacific

SUMMARIZEDefine:

Rebate

Pool

Ticket out the doorREFLECT ON LESSON - GROWTH OF

RAILROADS WRITE DOWN :

A. LIST (3) FACTS/STATEMENTS OR

B. DEFINE (2) VOCAB TERMS OR

C. IDENTIFY (2) PEOPLE AND ACCOMPLISHMENT