Processing and Value

Addition of MAP and NTFPs

Dr. R.T. Patil

Former Director, CIPHET, Ludhiana

Chairman & ED, Benevole for PHT,

Bhopal

Processing of MAPs

• Isolate pure active compounds for formulation into drugs (quinine, reserpine, digoxin, etc.)

• Isolate intermediates for the production of semi-synthetic drugs

• Prepare standardised galenicals(extracts, powders, tinctures, etc.)

Raw Material Selection in MAPs

• Authentication of plant material and

elimination of foreign matter completely

• Use the right plant part, right age of

plant & the time, season and place of

collection.

• Proper drying of plant material

• Low temperature grinding methods

should be followed

• Powdered plant material should be

screened for uniform particle size.

Unit Operations in Extraction

of MAPs

1. Size reduction

2. Extraction

Cold aqueous percolation

Hot aqueous extraction

(decoction)

Solvent extraction (cold or hot)

3. Filtration

4. Concentration

5. Drying

Selection of Solvents for

Extraction in MAPs

The solvent should be used based on nature of

constituents:

• For non-polar constituents a non-polar solvent is used eg.

lupeol is the active constituent of Crataeva nurvala and, for

its extraction, hexane is generally used.

• For plants like Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica, the

active constituents are glycosides and hence a polar

solvent like aqueous methanol may be used.

• For thermolabile constituents cold maceration, cold

percolation and CCE are preferred.

• For thermostable constituents, Soxhlet extraction (if

nonaqueous solvents are used) and decoction (if water is

the menstruum) are useful.

Precautions during Extraction

in MAPs• In hot extraction, avoid higher temperatures than required.

Some glycosides break upon continuous exposure to higher

temperature.

• Standardize time of extraction be done, insufficient time

means incomplete extraction & longer time results in

unwanted constituents.

• The quality of water or medium used should be specified

and controlled.

• Concentration and drying procedures should ensure the

safety and stability of the active constituents.

• Drying under reduced pressure (e.g. using a Rotavapor) &

freeze drying although expensive be employed.

• The design and material of fabrication of the extractor

should be food grade stainless steel

Basket Centrifuge to Remove

Surface Moisture after Washing

• Accumulation of surface water after

washing is a matter of concern as it helps in

growth of pathogens and microorganisms.

• A Basket centrifuge consisting of a

detachable perforated cylinder, rotating at

500 RPM was fabricated to remove surface

water from surface.

• It can process 10 kg load per batch of 10

sec

Dehumidifier Dryer

•Micro-processor based

temperature controller to regulates

the drying temperature.

•For blanched Amla drying, the

dryer reduced vitamin-C loss up to

87% as compared to the open sun

drying.

•The products such as sliced fruits

and vegetables is dried in 20-25 h

and medicinal herbs and leaf crops

are 12-20 h.

•The cost of the prototype is Rs.

1,50,000 and capacity is 30

kg/batch.

Size Reduction Equipment These modern granulators are

quiet, energy efficient,

conserve floor space while

producing quality regrind from

robot-fed sprues, runners and

small parts. They have

tangential feed cutting

chambers; low-speed motors;

and staggered rotors with

replaceable cassette knives.

•Low-speed rotor, Higher throughput, less dust

•No knife resharpening needed

•Safe, tool-less, full-front access

•Reversible screen,Sealed hopper and vacuum bin design

Cryogenic Grinder

• The capacity grinder is 30 to 50 kg/h

• The grinding system consists of a self-pressurized liquid

nitrogen cylinder of 185 litre capacity,

• Cryo-precooler of capacity 30-50 kg/h.

• All contact parts of machine are made of stainless steel.

• The ground spice is collected through cyclone system and

immediately sieved into different grades.

• Product with natural flavour & all medicinal attributes is

obtained.

Solvent Extractor

•It is ultra-compact solvent

extraction method combining

both soxhlet extraction and

dynamic heat reflux extraction.

•The extraction with vacuum

unit effectively reduces the loss

of heat-sensitive active

ingredients.

•The extractor uses frames

mixing so that a there is

effective of raw material with

solvents.

•It is a compact structure

requiring only 2 M2 area & can

be equipped with mobile casters

for easy operation.

Distillation Plants for Medicinal

Crops-IHBT

Capacity of 4-5 Kg and 8-

10 Kg plant material under

water, steam and water &

steam distillation.

Capacity 200 kg per batch. Unit

contains built-in water head tanks,

distillate/coolant transfer pumps,

furnace, vertical condenser and oil

receiver-separator, DG set etc.,

Spray DryerThe filtered extract is subjected to

spray drying with a high pressure

pump at a controlled feed rate and

temperature, to get dry powder.

The desired particle size of the

product is obtained by controlling

the inside temperature of the

chamber and by varying the

pressure of the pump.

The dry powder is mixed with

suitable diluents blended in a

double cone mixer to obtain a

homogeneous powder that can be

straightaway used, for example, for

filling in capsules or making

tablets.

Commercial Products from NTFP

. Essential oils and oleoresins;

. Medicinal products;

. Vegetable oils (small-scale production);

. Tannins;

. Dyes/colorants;

. Sweetening agents;

. Gums;

. Balsams;

. Waxes;

. Fibre boards.

Non Timber Forest Products

Chironji -Mewa for khir & sweets

Amchur -condiments & masala

Vaybidaing -For insecticides & medicines.

Karanji - For soap & medicines

Shikakai -For shampooing the hair

Ghotpal-For ayurvedic medicines

Kosa cocoons-For silk manufacture

Peng seeds-For herbal oil & medicines

Karkatia seeds-For medical uses

Nirmali seeds -For ayurvedic medicines.

Contd…….

Ambadi-Pharma oil

Charota seeds-For soap manufacture

Chirayta -For medicinal uses

Mahua-For brewing liquor

Harra-For tanning industry

Tora –Oil for soap manufactures, cake as

cattle feed

Dhavai phool –Colouring agent in drugs/

medicines

Bhilawan seeds -For inks/paints.

Tamarind – as a condiment

Tamarind seeds-For starch manufacture

Non Timber Forest Products

Tamarind• The tamarind pulp is the chief agent for souring

curries, sauces, chutneys and certain beverages.

• The tamarind juice concentrate is used for the

isolation of the tartaric acid

• Juice concentrate is also used for fermentation of

sugar for by-products like ethanol, lactic acid and

citric acid.

• The pulp possesses antiseptic properties and is

recommended as a poultice on inflammatory

swelling.

• Due to a lots of medicinal & homely uses the

tamarind juice and pulp industry has a bright future.

Tamarind Based Products

•Tamarind Juice Concentrate

•Tamarind Kernel Powder

•Gum from Tamarind Seed Powder,

•Tamarind Pulp

•Tamarind Juice Powder

•Oil from Tamarind Seed

•Tartaric Acid

•Food Colour

•Crude Pectin

Major Concerns in Value Addition

to NTFPInadequate infrastructure, and post-harvesting facilities and

skills

• The Forest Department, procurement agencies, Gram

sabha/Panchayat or the institutions of primary collectors

should have proper storage facilities.

• Most NTFPs being seasonal products; and several being

perishable require appropriate storage facility.

• In adequate storage facility results in distress sale or sale at a

low price.

• The products like lac, tassar, medicinal plant, several gums

and fruits require cold storage

• The products like char seeds and kalmegh fail to provide the

potential return without intermediate level value addition.

Recommendation for Processing

of MAP & NTFP•Develop appropriate technologies for processing

and intermediate product development for adaptable

at forest or rural locations.

•Development of downstream processing to produce

value added products.

•Strengthening of R&D institutes with pilot plant

processing facilities for training, demonstration and

incubation.

•Setting up facilities for design and fabrication of

appropriate process equipment and pilot plants for

scale up operations.

Thank you,

Let us scientifically

preserve & process MAPs

& NFTP and bring

prosperity to tribals