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NARCCAP: Status Report and Some Preliminary Results. Ray Arritt, Dave Flory, Bill Gutowski, and Gene Takle. North America Regional Climate Change Assessment Program: Participants. Raymond Arritt, David Flory, William Gutowski, Gene Takle, Iowa State University, USA - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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  • Ray Arritt, Dave Flory, Bill Gutowski, and Gene TakleNARCCAP: Status Report and Some Preliminary Results

  • North America Regional Climate Change Assessment Program: ParticipantsRaymond Arritt, David Flory, William Gutowski, Gene Takle, Iowa State University, USARichard Jones, W. Moufouma-Okia, Hadley Centre, UKDaniel Caya, Sbastien Biner, OURANOS, CanadaPhil Duffy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, USAFilippo Giorgi, Abdus Salam ICTP, ItalyIsaac Held, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, USARen Laprise, Univ. de Qubec Montral, CanadaRuby Leung, Y. Qian, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, USALinda Mearns, Don Middleton, Doug Nychka, Phil Rasch, Tom Wigley, National Center for Atmospheric Research, USAAna Nunes, John Roads, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USASteve Sain, Univ. of Colorado at Denver, USALisa Sloan, Mark Snyder, Univ. of California at Santa Cruz, USA

  • Current statusWorking data sets: UC - Santa Cruz (RCM3 designation)Longitude variable differs other models with negative longitudes for western hemisphere. Precip and 500 mb heights through 1991.PNL (mm5p and wrfp designation)Two files incomplete when transferred (Ruby has been contacted).Precip and 500 mb heights through 1985. Error in interpolation for 500 mb height from WRF.OURANOS (MRCC designation)All files checked via checksums and are working fine. Precip and 500 mb height through full period.

  • Current statusNot Working data sets:

    Hadley Centre (PRECIS) Files provided as monthly mean values. Not usable as submitted but able to processes after using ncdump | ncgen. Monthly output rather than 3-hour. Scripps (ECPC) Individual netCDF files provided for every output time step. No internal timestamp. Variable and dimension names, etc. differ from specs. Output through 1987. (All this is straightforward to fix, except timestamp.)

  • NARCCAP PlansPhase I: 1979-2004 driven by Reanalysis 2establish uncertainty in RCMsPhase IIa: RCMs driven by AOGCM 20th century climate (nominally 1971-2000)Phase IIb: RCMs driven by AOGCM SRES A2 scenario 2041-2070

  • The MatrixAny changes?

    GFDL

    CGCM3

    HADCM3

    CCSM

    MM5

    X

    X

    RegCM3

    X

    X

    MRCC

    X

    X

    PRECIS

    X

    X

    X

    X

    RSM

    X

    X

    WRF

    X

    X

    X

  • Some data issuesTime coordinate: Days versus hours.Recommendation: Hours would be simple integer; days may be easier for end users.Bounds for coordinate variables (space and time)Recommendation: Drop bounds for spatial coordinates. Keep bounds for time.Include projection information in metadata (following ENSEMBLES)?Recommendation: Yes. See example sent by Hadley Centre.

  • Some data issuesReporting domain: Send the entire domain to the archive or only the region inside the forcing frame (aka sponge zone)? There does not appear to be any straightforward way of subsetting for users. Recommendation: Exclude forcing frameOutput transmittal to archive: ftp vs. mailing external hard drives (FedEX Net)?Recommendation: External hard drives. (Hadley Centre may prefer DLT cartridges.)

  • Meetings"Downscaling to local and regional scales" (IAMAS session MS016) at the IUGG Conference in Perugia, Italy 2-13 July 2007.Designate a regular professional conference for NARCCAP meetings? Would help to save travel time and funds.Recommendation: Fall AGU (consistent location; easy to reach). Propose a regional modeling session at each meeting; maybe a NARCCAP session at later stages.

  • Some preliminary resultsResults are shown here for 1979-1985 from three RCMs.Observed precip is from the CRU 0.5o data set.probably underestimates precip in high terrain need to look at other precip data sets

  • Analysis RegionsNorthern Plains: flat terrain, early summer precip maximumPacific Northwest: mountainous terrain, winter precip maximum

  • Precipitation, 1979-1985

    Chart2

    1.22263437420.8148692471.08147400450.58

    1.18768499530.9540712291.25141609450.74

    2.10177171782.13641680232.04023359211.78

    2.57917589012.07406383132.98241046781.65

    3.10452807223.60320385892.56263361392.15

    3.24995583942.44061021933.01090339722.51

    2.54632366013.24727357262.73110933312.56

    2.71790315272.43419671213.79647947742.69

    1.13233267821.32901925061.38813006261.36

    0.98493985082.08341006922.21544898372

    0.5918432421.22080801411.60146677850.94

    1.08857030620.67067828330.99057736390.44

    1.38167214581.19400564131.53074280650.81

    1.00020253410.60454175191.03285912260.62

    2.09665961361.14262615732.10607399810.86

    1.06030829170.99159566831.47487121770.52

    2.30909691842.0993182544.28840550811.22

    2.7659533212.707807183.25403386852.55

    2.84670652922.27758189553.70292317121.91

    4.05553998273.09283443184.40740234684.21

    1.47813442751.50974179682.28492632732.57

    1.2312510291.28493680081.91685354921.38

    0.88658130310.94821275151.06745805570.53

    1.24309086420.95214608481.24029881980.59

    0.68426334990.42621608060.80771655870.26

    1.001897940.64875359431.06454856240.68

    1.34276608940.90945393931.75052065080.75

    2.03110254651.71043544432.45385294331.38

    3.67159171162.66300557893.8387628871.52

    3.91893869512.84687361084.73334759543.57

    2.96227268992.44933742963.699052752.84

    1.3700616251.36040547531.92313219822.87

    0.84477255290.91701985381.168568062.14

    0.70178966511.65787860142.01531896741.95

    0.63683287550.74692534541.145358750.82

    1.01598038320.61319785331.08901094270.67

    1.38276900220.74567389370.99851972720.9

    1.02570912570.57632031380.87329032240.44

    1.88875135021.23748887231.59368638881.23

    1.46680189811.79973491041.44483635051.08

    2.2692924923.64683089494.9274488533.45

    2.79240597722.38083265724.03619095162.35

    2.40167111082.58967893042.79422662673.45

    2.08179032221.83918043053.51195036812.46

    0.85422921511.64852925251.59229755662.19

    1.30408672471.67811464651.61307004392.81

    0.97643344751.06373219651.60111946241.07

    1.29864768511.42165949771.64279587881.14

    0.58381842080.70421358150.87704807470.61

    0.40365054910.63426117330.77966318750.59

    2.52733799761.71814383032.96380789891.63

    2.1802020262.18710856253.00316919461.05

    3.6236715392.25225807823.33156110332.22

    3.11764816013.49956383994.73876293013.36

    2.47348146831.79922927593.08631042162.82

    1.69322191341.34434262891.96793563821.99

    1.71461625041.38891623742.38424197932.5

    1.82925499851.08999515812.72964965671.38

    1.37375878571.68802486622.54151123432.05

    1.1192510750.69454176681.19870636930.63

    0.98366167380.70388121131.08180510660.56

    0.96592176940.75869594951.0020359930.68

    2.11115448241.15633288932.35203140710.81

    2.59331215462.25108675093.29645673962.47

    2.72722717651.73170586862.97978107621.93

    3.45202180813.18615732353.99124380224.17

    1.94128562161.78214487512.99932486922.08

    1.56932989291.12556689851.84980508061.58

    1.81811767561.62030165592.92863835681.88

    1.05031907831.8195576992.16203149563.2

    1.60913724251.06964851341.57208823451.04

    1.08139738430.73426086540.97453650330.93

    0.79853272470.46162414380.89318939840.56

    0.85073735390.63894794260.88350042710.52

    0.97901230391.05110422320.92699441381.06

    2.26246750111.65971174862.62914159431.53

    2.86341352052.18399196473.53742453252.57

    2.83841081332.10722949073.10858225973.08

    1.97743976031.66568114312.17863632741.94

    2.21997496852.30530963522.55769126653.5

    2.30678548021.70485105313.10953548462.98

    0.73209755781.54869977711.6893641531.36

    1.79889506151.52269852131.68398196921.37

    1.15291206740.71813586221.15493422220.74

    PNLMM5

    MRCC

    REGCM3

    CRU

    Precipitation (mm/day)

    Northern Great Plains

    ne_mrcc

    LatitudeBounds:4050

    LongitudeBounds:275290corrmean ann cyc

    19791932.2443557666273.88435148241.8121012789

    19792496.988041936272.0707835081.8614092611

    19793645.6694877516272.69028953232.2457462242

    19794933.7002906546273.89041787772.6688898028

    19795714.6571384126272.97773807672.9006709309

    19796638.6488988366272.66103707853.0266391863

    19797791.1451409996273.29643808752.8092349769

    19798840.2563269936273.50106802912.7275228091

    19799467.5284328026271.94803513672.3138612216

    197910593.3110810816272.47212950452.0847608717

    197911728.5644743346273.03568530972.408091206

    197912449.5634700336271.87318112512.1106690015

    19801462.2373961166271.9259891505

    19802186.8854046856270.7786891862

    19803683.471476776272.8477978199

    19804619.1205759066272.5796690663

    19805592.2774925546272.4678228856

    19806960.1150052926274.0004791887

    19807770.8470938686273.2118628911

    19808807.8989002446273.3662454177

    19809845.7255826866273.5238565945

    198010685.2258467776272.8551076949

    198011429.3659198056271.7890246659

    198012425.3467365326271.7722780689

    19811207.7071122736270.8654463011

    19812600.4215433976272.5017564308

    19813214.5406351836270.8939193133

    19814601.0325723826272.5043023849

    19815670.6302749516272.7942928123

    19816817.2698944476273.4052912269

    19817606.4518727486272.5268828031

    19818650.0796798326272.7086653326

    19819548.529895726272.2855412322

    198110545.0273557096272.2709473155

    198111337.0630942996271.4044295596

    198112416.423332836271.7350972201

    19821498.2399274246272.0759996976

    19822557.2640483176272.3219335347

    19823589.2123103736272.4550512932

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    19828530.6308057676272.2109616907

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    198210404.3521749836271.6848007291

    198211638.6099756066272.6608748984

    198212588.1527848696272.4506366036

    19831325.5819316146271.3565913817

    19832352.7157400526271.4696489169

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    198310497.1036746586272.0712653111

    198311681.3398303396272.8389159597

    198312640.530288976272.668876204

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    19842509.1291230256272.1213713459

    19843484.1141168846272.0171421537

    19844580.9543677786272.4206431991

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    19846680.21281546272.8342200642

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    19861486.5015267776272.0270896949

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    19869908.3595622746273.7848315095

    198610474.9947646526271.9791448527

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    19871460.0013622376271.9166723427

    19872140.1515025046270.5839645938

    19873447.0273666496271.8626140277

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    ne_rcm3

    LatitudeBounds:4050

    LongitudeBounds:-85-70corr

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    19831140.1164215910.5838184208

    1983296.87613177935910.4036505491

    19833606.5611194255912.5273379976

    19834523.2484862525912.180202026

    19835869.6811693615913.623671539

    19836748.2355584165913.1176481601

    19837593.6355523985912.4734814683

    19838406.3732592235911.6932219134

    19839411.5079000875911.7146162504

    198310439.0211996425911.8292549985

    198311329.7021085735911.3737587857

    198312268.6202580095911.119251075

    19841236.0788017185910.9836616738

    19842231.8212246545910.9659217694

    19843506.6770757885912.1111544824

    19844622.3949171135912.5933121546

    19845654.5345223535912.7272271765

    19846828.4852339495913.4520218081

    19847465.9085491955911.9412856216

    19848376.6391743015911.5693298929

    19849436.3482421375911.8181176756

    198410252.0765787915911.0503190783

    198411386.1929381995911.6091372425

    198412259.5353722345911.0813973843

    19851191.6478539195910.7985327247

    19852204.1769649475910.8507373539

    19853234.9629529435910.9790123039

    19854542.992200275912.2624675011

    19855687.2192449245912.8634135205

    19856681.2185951955912.8384108133

    19857474.5855424835911.9774397603

    19858532.7939924425912.2199749685

    19859553.6285152385912.3067854802

    198510175.7034138815910.7320975578

    198511431.734814755911.7988950615

    198512276.6988961675911.1529120674

    nplains_pnlmm5

    00.8148692471.0814740045

    00.9540712291.2514160945

    02.13641680232.0402335921

    02.07406383132.9824104678

    03.60320385892.5626336139

    02.44061021933.0109033972

    03.24727357262.7311093331

    02.43419671213.7964794774

    01.32901925061.3881300626

    02.08341006922.2154489837

    01.22080801411.6014667785

    00.67067828330.9905773639

    01.19400564131.5307428065

    00.60454175191.0328591226

    01.14262615732.1060739981

    00.99159566831.4748712177

    02.0993182544.2884055081

    02.707807183.2540338685

    02.27758189553.7029231712

    03.09283443184.4074023468

    01.50974179682.2849263273

    01.28493680081.9168535492

    00.94821275151.0674580557

    00.95214608481.2402988198

    00.42621608060.8077165587

    00.64875359431.0645485624

    00.90945393931.7505206508

    01.71043544432.4538529433

    02.66300557893.838762887

    02.84687361084.7333475954

    02.44933742963.69905275

    01.36040547531.9231321982

    00.91701985381.16856806

    01.65787860142.0153189674

    00.74692534541.14535875

    00.61319785331.0890109427

    00.74567389370.9985197272

    00.57632031380.8732903224

    01.23748887231.5936863888

    01.79973491041.4448363505

    03.64683089494.927448853

    02.38083265724.0361909516

    02.58967893042.7942266267

    01.83918043053.5119503681

    01.64852925251.5922975566

    01.67811464651.6130700439

    01.06373219651.6011194624

    01.42165949771.6427958788

    00.70421358150.8770480747

    00.63426117330.7796631875

    01.71814383032.9638078989

    02.18710856253.0031691946

    02.25225807823.3315611033

    03.49956383994.7387629301

    01.79922927593.0863104216

    01.34434262891.9679356382

    01.38891623742.3842419793

    01.08999515812.7296496567

    01.68802486622.5415112343

    00.69454176681.1987063693

    00.70388121131.0818051066

    00.75869594951.002035993

    01.15633288932.3520314071

    02.25108675093.2964567396

    01.73170586862.9797810762

    03.18615732353.9912438022

    01.78214487512.9993248692

    01.12556689851.8498050806

    01.62030165592.9286383568

    01.8195576992.1620314956

    01.06964851341.5720882345

    00.73426086540.9745365033

    00.46162414380.8931893984

    00.63894794260.8835004271

    01.05110422320.9269944138

    01.65971174862.6291415943

    02.18399196473.5374245325

    02.10722949073.1085822597

    01.66568114312.1786363274

    02.30530963522.5576912665

    01.70485105313.1095354846

    01.54869977711.689364153

    01.52269852131.6839819692

    00.71813586221.1549342222

    PNLMM5

    MRCC

    REGCM3

    mean_annual_cycle

    LatitudeBounds:nw

    LongitudeBounds:mrccrcm3

    19791

    19792

    19793

    19794

    19795

    19796

    19797

    19798

    19799

    197910

    197911

    197912

    19801

    19802

    19803

    19804

    19805

    19806

    19807

    19808

    19809

    198010

    198011

    198012

    19811

    19812

    19813

    19814

    19815

    19816

    19817

    19818

    19819

    198110

    198111

    198112

    19821

    19822

    19823

    19824

    19825

    19826

    19827

    19828

    19829

    198210

    198211

    198212

    19831

    19832

    19833

    19834

    19835

    19836

    19837

    19838

    19839

    198310

    198311

    198312

    19841

    19842

    19843

    19844

    19845

    19846

    19847

    19848

    19849

    198410

    198411

    198412

    19851

    19852

    19853

    19854

    19855

    19856

    19857

    19858

    19859

    198510

    198511

    198512

    nplains_CRU

    Fileheaderinformation

    TyndallCentregrimfilecreatedon13.01.2004at14:28byDr.TimMitchell

    .pre=precipitation(mm)

    CRUTS2.1

    [Long=-180.00,180.00][Lati=-90.00,90.00][GridX,Y=720,360]

    [Boxes=67420][Years=1901-2002][Multi=0.1000][Missing=-999]

    Resultsfromaveragingover

    Latituderange:40-55degN

    Longituderange:-102.5--90degE

    Correspondingtoindexranges

    261-290inlatitude

    156-180inlongitude

    Processed22year(s):1979-2000

    Domaingives750gridpoints,with16500samplesinthetimeandspaceaverage

    AveragePrecipitation

    YearMonth-->

    123456789101112

    19790.580.741.781.652.152.512.562.691.3620.940.44

    19800.810.620.860.521.222.551.914.212.571.380.530.59

    19810.260.680.751.381.523.572.842.872.141.950.820.67

    19820.90.441.231.083.452.353.452.462.192.811.071.14

    19830.610.591.631.052.223.362.821.992.51.382.050.63

    19840.560.680.812.471.934.172.081.581.883.21.040.93

    19850.560.521.061.532.573.081.943.52.981.361.370.74

    19860.510.661.013.142.142.883.512.313.751.191.050.46

    19870.370.851.470.532.272.073.492.811.580.780.880.7

    19880.680.41.120.842.041.752.322.582.570.731.380.82

    19890.80.410.811.071.792.831.822.752.091.040.810.45

    19900.730.531.581.571.884.072.72.091.371.240.970.82

    19910.490.491.142.393.033.442.681.613.181.721.730.68

    19920.660.721.011.451.472.623.492.652.820.861.360.88

    19930.630.410.761.562.374.065.023.572.030.920.920.57

    19940.630.570.461.321.423.013.082.362.22.091.330.63

    19950.830.541.321.72.822.043.023.011.781.91.140.71

    19960.840.690.830.982.552.452.782.362.671.931.90.86

    19970.820.540.811.541.722.573.161.892.192.20.710.41

    19980.831.021.081.152.723.92.232.481.632.991.290.46

    19990.70.590.882.043.553.243.282.442.530.720.430.5

    20000.480.871.021.32.383.342.62.331.781.5220.73

    mean ann cyc

    1979-19850.61142857140.611.161.38285714292.15142857143.08428571432.51428571432.75714285712.23142857142.01142857141.11714285710.7342857143

    nw_CRU

    Fileheaderinformation

    TyndallCentregrimfilecreatedon13.01.2004at14:28byDr.TimMitchell

    .pre=precipitation(mm)

    CRUTS2.1

    [Long=-180.00,180.00][Lati=-90.00,90.00][GridX,Y=720,360]

    [Boxes=67420][Years=1901-2002][Multi=0.1000][Missing=-999]

    Resultsfromaveragingover

    Latituderange:38-55degN

    Longituderange:-122.5--115degE

    Correspondingtoindexranges

    257-290inlatitude

    116-130inlongitude

    Processed22year(s):1979-2000

    Domaingives510gridpoints,with11220samplesinthetimeandspaceaverage

    AveragePrecipitation

    YearMonth-->

    123456789101112

    19791.673.561.431.471.1810.991.160.951.831.332.93

    19802.642.761.871.212.132.471.161.261.750.782.243.66

    19811.342.251.641.592.061.991.350.551.272.092.733.57

    19823.452.922.21.520.961.552.231.431.932.012.032.58

    19832.783.063.211.680.952.221.991.191.31.353.823.19

    19842.031.742.011.442.022.210.731.151.521.913.612.26

    19850.561.881.311.121.041.460.491.122.252.262.11.06

    19862.633.952.131.491.511.061.870.412.320.832.611.18

    19871.961.672.441.161.771.171.830.910.380.471.632.86

    19882.091.461.722.081.541.931.060.961.220.763.421.94

    19892.161.2931.231.641.461.062.251.071.522.561.37

    19903.042.161.221.472.352.041.171.340.382.043.382.28

    19911.321.92.411.611.941.850.981.30.51.22.91.76

    19922.221.820.881.740.851.691.420.81.431.382.062.8

    19932.641.1922.041.72.521.811.310.451.251.212.13

    19942.072.561.181.421.551.730.730.920.881.712.922.4

    19952.931.562.981.661.562.261.681.410.941.653.633.18

    19963.033.081.562.062.61.20.990.91.52.153.14.55

    19973.271.32.481.541.522.471.841.11.912.192.031.47

    19983.512.592.481.362.411.841.070.351.111.553.582.74

    19992.582.711.470.931.132.061.320.850.451.182.271.4

    20002.62.751.711.341.861.41.350.731.31.860.981.35

    2.06714285712.59571428571.95285714291.43285714291.47714285711.84285714291.27714285711.12285714291.56714285711.74714285712.55142857142.75

    ne_CRU

    Fileheaderinformation

    TyndallCentregrimfilecreatedon13.01.2004at14:28byDr.TimMitchell

    .pre=precipitation(mm)

    CRUTS2.1

    [Long=-180.00,180.00][Lati=-90.00,90.00][GridX,Y=720,360]

    [Boxes=67420][Years=1901-2002][Multi=0.1000][Missing=-999]

    Resultsfromaveragingover

    Latituderange:40-50degN

    Longituderange:-85--70degE

    Correspondingtoindexranges

    261-280inlatitude

    191-220inlongitude

    Processed22year(s):1979-2000

    Domaingives588gridpoints,with12936samplesinthetimeandspaceaverage

    AveragePrecipitation

    YearMonth-->

    123456789101112

    19793.291.422.623.093.022.922.783.533.113.282.811.94

    19801.440.842.662.791.83.13.683.253.582.912.12.02

    19810.943.431.323.042.594.062.472.833.643.291.932.25

    19822.61.492.072.251.93.92.832.83.382.063.292.58

    19831.761.852.493.544.472.022.312.633.2233.763.52

    19841.42.291.92.424.033.433.382.952.552.032.582.85

    19851.752.452.521.952.452.663.872.913.062.483.812.33

    19862.221.72.252.12.773.633.543.244.12.632.462.29

    19871.920.721.842.052.173.353.073.183.432.712.362.31

    19881.912.621.752.342.12.012.894.332.943.373.661.93

    19891.911.582.421.613.633.732.13.032.783.083.741.6

    19902.562.51.532.383.463.733.183.043.324.112.963.35

    19911.881.332.922.762.541.672.633.22.993.412.292.17

    19922.111.922.322.52.072.34.613.543.842.183.342.29

    19932.231.611.863.242.553.212.912.783.763.152.691.91

    19942.431.572.142.752.513.953.873.932.521.363.081.73

    19952.731.791.782.332.791.843.512.522.624.393.832.14

    19962.922.061.53.952.543.424.571.734.313.12.523.42

    19973.242.282.691.652.852.542.693.363.041.862.731.61

    19982.921.763.012.092.23.952.892.622.752.152.221.64

    19993.371.561.721.532.462.673.112.264.262.912.161.73

    20002.071.81.832.553.483.942.83.012.811.822.12.45

    PLOTS

    Jan

    Feb

    Mar

    Apr

    May

    Jun

    Jul

    Aug

    Sep

    Oct

    Nov

    Dec

    PLOTS

    3.3695823253.55239262412.8244482078

    6.12570532715.98174645534.7377118399

    2.68227134373.1357880612.1605996828

    2.81187916592.88740008392.1478832854

    1.88207961792.36153605961.9876283069

    1.03110341711.28133028841.4302554884

    0.71173625470.82382854471.5607778057

    1.09707611661.51448216551.7497196103

    0.88623793581.21105996020.8533027527

    1.99001762242.84790415812.1461196598

    2.06665894751.69642316541.4776918964

    5.40373316.07676568894.8178002008

    3.58257479163.84626972973.1257351525

    3.71307224874.34439249783.8360373985

    3.07563227463.72283065312.3863359792

    2.38669752122.65815972191.920824496

    3.11788547253.32459970632.8476876436

    2.42905444362.74678797052.4922020977

    0.73118710350.95270661281.5549657302

    1.18982788321.0969882731.5416770185

    1.74658116712.5565056771.8712115565

    1.05909448451.50332394850.9701967332

    3.4687444074.11320149933.6301444685

    5.81127232085.87268813125.1422842413

    2.58593715923.1031646741.985105546

    3.52823375083.85809330482.6028788772

    2.2060801462.72769594251.8840104627

    3.38414096593.97282208841.9164798468

    2.14744585042.15993233362.1214099932

    1.87169193572.64094274342.0852868806

    0.85416476881.34066104371.2509491194

    0.37086585370.70786091660.676105153

    0.73094371480.96862753991.174788702

    1.75695059112.53971623492.0964825648

    4.23164416744.57456294963.2239197198

    6.0450218865.97929787134.6369122321

    5.30766375655.63848791583.8362813061

    4.94566956125.08240372553.4671875077

    3.330300033.35990427612.1096036353

    2.84589733662.94883989392.0025730751

    1.42827105131.7111675861.2740701297

    2.13760569921.89911457191.9301923208

    1.35042785841.81461332431.8602364386

    0.56759109710.83340571270.9974962896

    0.88070976191.11562678961.2366455132

    2.3646416013.12822826782.3928753444

    3.79090930923.98210832052.5784828707

    4.22706527494.58705330393.3839975578

    4.92382241445.15762887123.6518221177

    3.98341804625.01208497253.7724398507

    3.74280752444.05784382553.3757392592

    2.46899711882.30872550121.7121555792

    1.32516150231.93413307951.183367446

    2.38827264292.42780428452.1305605086

    1.37651556541.89192865712.0655014151

    0.50844015030.7628065831.2996890217

    0.88366528271.45649480351.0490799409

    1.86864919372.57546682951.458358058

    5.24540262475.14192965094.1868668969

    5.12625708875.28353187973.9552954552

    4.38981002764.25107519262.8585370985

    3.72739107044.07030006172.7068776913

    3.15071067723.5605372392.5240552894

    2.54711086593.11306940261.606384002

    2.85755967633.6435051582.36116211

    1.87325003982.12205299571.9914557381

    0.67190837381.03206006860.9769271714

    1.05008260921.16490488711.3927971265

    1.21922526831.56000140211.2639068007

    2.60842747523.43939471462.4547602013

    5.94617932397.02007022754.1472262134

    3.50338872573.49014909662.3075640498

    1.70354264341.76669274571.1737375291

    4.54336975794.3103276942.325970026

    3.08169237442.97824173671.6534159179

    2.18276955182.36669518931.478574252

    2.02191154182.26207213741.4715486096

    1.14805737791.3490596311.3657640048

    0.5662028550.45936028480.8659400791

    0.84986746061.1480362841.0303137124

    1.87730276722.29176487311.4567905718

    3.82584758555.0897223642.4642257339

    3.31928931463.63006409232.1540369763

    2.197851072.46197771441.5799284419

    PNLMM5

    REGCM3

    MRCC

    Precipitation (mm/day)

    Pacific Northwest

    3.98137391963.88435148244.01818565243.29

    2.96339927442.0707835082.7491402141.42

    2.49209160872.69028953233.48737975672.62

    4.22343599793.89041787773.78959096143.09

    2.60240604382.97773807674.1929768173.02

    3.09011758872.66103707854.30523675132.92

    2.14602625373.29643808754.25377477782.78

    3.05918798293.50106802914.00816870513.53

    2.14599831011.94803513672.4399499523.11

    2.85127354892.47212950452.99816421313.28

    2.55296817623.03568530972.61642210562.81

    2.22380687831.87318112512.23762688671.94

    2.80379770541.92598915