re: groundwater well gas results range resources ... · 2 thermogenic source as is present in the...

NEWFIELDS - ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS PRACTICE, LLC 300 Ledgewood Place, Suite 305, Rockland, MA 02370

Tel: (781) 681-5040 Fax: (781) 681-5048

March 7, 2012

Mary Curliss Patton, P.E.

Director of Regulatory - Northern Marcellus Shale Division

Range Resources - Appalachia, LLC

100 Throckmorton, Suite 1200

Fort Worth, TX 76102

Re: Groundwater Well Gas Results

Range Resources - Appalachia, LLC

Harman, Lewis Unit 1H Area

Dear Ms. Patton,

NewFields Companies, LLC is pleased to provide you with the results of our recent investigation of gas

found in 22 groundwater samples collected from 21 residential wells in Hughesville (Lycoming Co.),

Pennsylvania (Table 1). The nature and source of any gas in the groundwater from these wells is of

concern to Range Resources-Appalachia, LLC and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental

Protection. The surface location of Range’s Harman, Lewis Unit 1H gas production well that produces

natural (shale) gas from the mid-Devonian Marcellus Shale is less than 4000 from the wells (Figure 1).

The data collected are tabulated and explained in detail below, but it is important to note at the outset that

the results show that the hydrocarbon gas in the groundwater from the residential wells is isotopically and

compositionally distinct from the gas produced from Range’s Harman, Lewis Unit 1H gas production

well. Thus, the available data show that Range’s Harman, Lewis Unit 1H gas production well is not the

source of dissolved gas in any of the 21 water wells studied.

In order to reach this conclusion, dissolved hydrocarbon gas in the 22 groundwater samples was

compared to three gas samples from the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well. A synthesis of the data collected

herein allowed for the following conclusions:

(1) Groundwater from the residential wells contains widely varying concentrations of dissolved

methane (CH4; 170 to 0.00013 mg/L). Effervescent conditions were present in four of 21

groundwater wells (viz., Tironie, Bodle, Crawley, and Feiler 3).

(2) Eight residential well samples (Crawley duplicates, Tironie, Feiler 3, Bodle, H. Harman,

Hachenberg, and May) contained sufficient dissolved hydrocarbons for compositional and CH4

isotopic analysis, thereby allowing for their comparison to the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well

gases. None of the wells contained CH4 of other hydrocarbons consistent with the Harman,

Lewis Unit 1H well gases. Specifically,

o Dissolved hydrocarbons in groundwater from all eight samples are compositionally

distinct from (i.e., drier than) the HC gas in the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well.

o Dissolved CH4 in groundwater from the Crawley, Tironie, Feiler 3, and Bodle wells are

derived from a thermogenic source that is distinct from (i.e., isotopically-lighter than) the

CH4 in the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gases.

o Dissolved CH4 in groundwater from the H. Harman and Hachenberg wells, and the later

sample collected from the Tom Crawley well, appears to be derived from the same

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thermogenic source as is present in the Tironie, Feiler 3, and Bodle wells, and in the

earlier Tom Crawley well sample, but the CH4 has been bacterially-oxidized to various

degrees.

o Dissolved CH4 in groundwater from the May well appears to be a different (isotopically-

lighter and drier) source of thermogenic gas than is present in the other groundwater

samples, or in the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gas.

Therefore, as indicated above,

(3) the available data show that the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gas is not the source of dissolved

gas in the groundwater samples studied.

Samples and Methods

Groundwater samples (22) were collected from the target residential wells by personnel from Civil and

Environmental Consultants, Inc. between January 30 and February 10, 2012 (Table 1). The groundwater

samples were collected using IsoBags® (4 samples) or in dissolved gas (DG) bottles (18 samples).

IsoBags were used in samples exhibiting outgassing and DG bottles were used in samples where no

outgassing was evident (M. Orzechowski, personal communication, 2012). For the DG bottle samples, a

1-L plastic sample bottle was submerged in a 5-gallon bucket of water from the well and purged with ~2

liters of water. The submerged bottle was then inverted so as to accumulate any exsolved gases in a

headspace (which was not observed), capped underwater, and shipped up-side-down. A biocide was

present in the DG bottle caps and IsoBags to prevent microbial activity between the collection and

analysis of the samples. The samples were kept cold and secure before shipping to IsoTech Laboratories,

Inc. (Champaign, IL). A copy of the chain-of-custody documents are attached to this letter. At the

laboratory, gas from the groundwater samples were extracted using a helium headspace equilibrium

method.

Natural gases from the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well were collected using IsoTubes® or Cali-5-Bond Bag

on February 7, 2012. Samples were collected directly from the production stream (referred to in the

attached Tables as “Harman 1H”), from the annulus between the 5 1/2ý and 9 5/8ý casings (referred to in

the attached Tables as “Harman 1H 9 5/8ý”), and from the annulus between the 9 5/8ý and 13 3/8ý casings

(referred to in the attached Tables as “Harman 1H 13 3/8ý”; M. Orzechowski, personal communication,

2012). These samples were shipped to IsoTech Laboratories where they arrived safely on Feb. 15, 2012.

A copy of the chain-of-custody is attached to this letter.

The groundwater gases and Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gases were analyzed at IsoTech Laboratories

via: (1) compositional analysis and (2) stable isotope analysis of methane as described below.

(1) Compositional analysis was determined using a custom-configured Carle gas

chromatographic (GC) system that was optimized for natural gas samples. Multiple

columns with both thermal conductivity (TCD) and flame ionization (FID) detectors

were used to analyze fixed gases and to hydrocarbons based on ASTM D1945.1

Molecular results are reported in mole percentages (mol %) and were corrected for

helium added to create headspace in the groundwater samples. The detection limit

for individual constituents is 0.0001% (1 ppm). Precision is monitored through the

analysis of calibration gases and is conservatively considered to be ± 2% of the

measured values.

1 Am. Soc. Testing and Materials (2003) Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas

Chromatography, ASTM D1945-03, West Conshohocken, PA

3

The heat value (BTU) and specific gravity of each gas sample was calculated from

the molecular results using ASTM D3588.2

(2) Stable carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis on the methane (CH4) was performed

using an off-line preparation system and dual inlet mass spectrometer (MS). A

customized Gow Mac gas chromatograph (GC) is interfaced with a vacuum/

combustion system to separate the CH4 from the other components, then combust the

CH4 into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water. The resultant CO2 and water are purified

on the vacuum system and then sealed into Pyrex tubes for isotopic analysis. The

CO2 is analyzed directly on a dual inlet Thermo Finnigan Delta S or Delta+ XL MS.

The water is reacted with zinc turnings and converted to hydrogen gas (H2), which is

then analyzed on either the Delta S or Delta+ XL MS.

Stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic results are reported in (long-established)

standard units known as 13C and D parts per thousand (o/oo), respectively.3 The

more positive these values, the greater proportion of “heavy” isotopes (13C or 2H) the

CH4 contains. The precision for carbon isotope data is ± 0.1‰, and for hydrogen

isotope data is ± 2‰.

Guidelines for Interpretation

Understanding the implications of the molecular and isotopic data collected requires a basic

understanding of natural gas formation, which briefly is described in this section.

Two types of natural gas form in nature. These are:

Thermogenic gas, which forms by geologic processes such as the thermal breakdown of ancient

organic matter in petroleum sources rocks or coals or by the cracking of oil into gas over geologic

time, both processes occur at significant depth (i.e., high temperatures), and

Biogenic gas, which forms by the biological activity of anaerobic (methanogenic) bacteria, which

convert CO2 or acetate to methane under near-surface conditions (i.e., low temperatures).4

Biogenic gases can be sub-divided into biogenic gas formed via “CO2 reduction” and “acetate

fermentation”, depending upon the particular microbiological process at work.5 Biogenic gas formed via

CO2 reduction is most common in deep sea sediments or within glacial drift. Biogenic gas formed via

fermentation is typically formed in near-surface environments such as landfills, swamps, and marshes.

A vast body of geochemical literature has shown that the chemical composition of natural gas and the

isotopic composition of its methane (and other hydrocarbons) vary depending upon how the methane was

formed.6, 7

2

Am. Soc. Testing and Materials (2003) Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and

Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels, ASTM D3588-03, West Conshohocken, PA3 R=13C/12C or 2H/1H; 13C and D = (Rsample/Rstandard – 1) x 1000. 4 Scholl, M. (1988) Multiple origins of methane in the earth. Chem. Geol. 71: 1-10.5 Whiticar et al. (1986) Biogenic methane formation in marine and freshwater environments: C02 reduction and

acetate fermentation – isotopic evidence. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50: 693-709.6 For example, see Galimov, E.M. (2006) Isotope organic geochemistry. Org. Geochem. 37: 1200-1262 and refs.

therein.7 Coleman et al. (1995) Isotopic identification of methane. Environ. Geoscience, 2: 95-103. It is important to note

the fields depicted in Figure 3 are not exact or all inclusive but are intended to reflect the differences of most gases

studied.

4

Results from this Study

The results from IsoTech Laboratories were provided to me on various dates in the form of the attached

data sheets. These results are summarized in Tables 2 and 3.

Concentration of Methane in Groundwater

The concentrations of dissolved methane (CH4) in the ground water samples collected are given in Table

2. The concentrations ranged from 170 to 0.00013 mg/L. As might have been expected given that

IsoBags only were used when outgassing was observed, there was an obvious relationship between the

concentration of dissolved CH4 and the method of sampling (Table 2). Those samples collected using the

IsoBags yielded much higher concentrations of CH4 (75 to 170 mg/L) than samples collected using DG

bottles (0.00013 to 21 mg/L; Table 2). Thus, the measured CH4 concentrations and observations during

sampling are consistent in that only the four IsoBag samples contained dissolved CH4 above the normal

surface (temperature and pressure) saturation concentration (~28 mg/L). All samples collected in the DG

bottles were below the saturation concentration (<21 mg/L).

The cause for the variable dissolved CH4 concentrations among the samples is uncertain but could be due

to the pump/use rate of the various wells, local geologic features (e.g., fractures or faults), or topography

(i.e., elevation). These factors were not analyzed as part of this investigation. Regardless, there was

sufficient gas present in all of the samples to determine the chemical composition of the gases present,

which is described in the next section. There was insufficient CH4 present to attempt stable isotopic

analysis in all but four of the DG bottle samples, which are described later in this report.

Chemical Composition of the Gases

The chemical compositions of the groundwater gases and Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gases studied

included both non-hydrocarbon (non-HC) and numerous hydrocarbon (HC) gases (Table 3). The non-

HC gases in each groundwater sample were dominated by nitrogen (N2) with lesser amounts of oxygen

(O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Inspection of the groundwater gases’ compositions reveals (as above)

that those collected using the DG bottles contained less total HC than those collected using IsoBags.

Total HC concentrations for the four IsoBag samples ranged from 71.6% to 95.3% of the total dissolved

gas and the total HC concentrations in the 18 DG bottle samples ranged from 65.3% to 0.02% of the total

dissolved gas (Table 2). Among the 18 DG bottle samples, only four contained total HC percentages

above 0.3% (16.1% to 65.3%). The HCs in these 18 samples was comprised exclusively (100%) or

nearly exclusively (99.1%) of CH4. In total, the four IsoBag samples and four DG bottle samples

containing total HC in excess of 16.1% of the total dissolved gas provided the best basis to assess the

nature of dissolved gases in the area’s groundwater. These samples were further analyzed to determine

the stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of the methane (described below).

The Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gases also exhibit some compositional differences depending upon the

sample containers. Specifically, the two samples collected using IsoTubes contained fairly typical traces

of non-HC gases (0.4% to 1.1%) while the 13 3/8ý sample collected using Cali-5-Bond bag contained

23.1% non-HC (Table 3). This suggests that the 13 3/8ý sample includes an air component. Assuming

the O2 in each of these is attributable to air in the sample, all but ~3% (mol%) of the nitrogen measured

can also be attributed to air8; i.e., the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well natural gas contains some native N2.

While the presence and composition of the non-HC gases in the samples is notable, it is the composition

of the HC gases that is most relevant with respect to the source(s) of HC in the area’s groundwater. Not

surprisingly, CH4 was the dominant HC gas in all of the groundwater samples studied, comprising

between 99.1% and 100% of the HC (normalized) gas (Table 3). Also not surprisingly, CH4 is also the

8 This estimate is achieved assuming the 4.18% O2 in the 13 3/8ý sample is attributable to air, which is assumed to

contain 20.95% O2 and 78.08% N2. Thus, ~15.6% of the 18.6% N2 in the sample is attributable to air.

5

dominant HC gas in the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gases, comprising between 98.6% and 98.8% of the

HC (normalized) gas (Table 3).

This difference in the percent CH4 is notable since it indicates that the HC gas in the groundwater samples

contained less C2+ gases (ethane et al.) than the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gases. This difference is

illustrated in Figure 2, which plots the absolute concentrations of ethane and propane (the major C2+

gases detected) against the concentrations of CH4. As can be seen the groundwaters contain markedly

less ethane and propane (per unit methane) than the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H gases and exhibit distinct

linear trends (Fig. 2). This difference indicates that the HC gases in the area’s groundwater are

compositionally distinct (i.e., drier) from the HC gas in the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well.

Methane Isotopic Composition

As noted above, stable isotopes of methane provide a potential basis to determine its origin in the

environment.4-7 Figure 3 shows a (Coleman-type)7 cross-plot of the stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic

ratios ( 13C and D) for the methane in the samples studied herein. Included in Figure 3A are the

“genetic fields” typically associated with thermogenic gas, biogenic gas formed by CO2 reduction, and

biogenic gas formed by fermentation.7

Figure 3A shows that the methane in all but one of the studied samples fall within the range typically

associated with thermogenic gas. Thermogenic gas was anticipated to comprise the three Harman,

Lewis 1H well gases, which are presumed to consist of natural (shale) gas. The variation in D among

these three gases (-164.4 to -165.3 o/oo) was well within the precision of the analysis (± 2.0 o/oo) while the 13C ratios for CH4 in these gases (-28.02 to -29.09 o/oo) exceeded it slightly (± 0.1 o/oo; Table 3; Fig. 3B).

This indicates a small variation in 13C ratios (~ 1 o/oo) that might be expected among gases produced in

the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well.

The isotopic composition of the CH4 in the eight groundwater samples (that contained sufficient CH4 for

analysis) exhibit more variation. None of these groundwater samples plot among the three Harman,

Lewis Unit 1H gas samples, although a small cluster of six groundwater samples plots close-by (Fig. 3A).

The two remaining groundwater samples plot well removed from the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gas

samples and from the small cluster of the six groundwater samples (Fig. 3A). Thus, the methane in the

groundwater samples exhibits a greater diversity than is present in the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gases.

This diversity is described in the following paragraphs.

The small cluster of six groundwater samples that plots close-by to the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gases

(Fig. 3A) includes a pair of duplicate samples from the Tom Crawley well that were collected on Jan. 30

and Feb. 9, 2012 (Table 1). The earlier of these two duplicates – as well as the samples from the Bernard

Tironie, Michael Feiler 3, and Doyle Bodle wells – all exhibit 13C and D ratios within the analytical

precision of the analysis (Fig. 3B). This indicates these four groundwater samples contain CH4 from the

same source. The CH4 in the Tom Crawley, Bernard Tironie, Michael Feiler 3, and Doyle Bodle wells

is derived from a thermogenic source that is distinct from (i.e., isotopically-lighter than) the

Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gases (Fig. 3B).

The remaining two samples from the small cluster, i.e., the Harland Harman and later of the two Tom

Crawley samples, exhibits heavier isotopic ratios (enriched in both 13C and D) than the other four

groundwater samples in this cluster (Fig. 3B). In turn, the Mary Hachenberg sample exhibits much

heavier isotopic ratios than any other samples studied – and plots beyond any typical thermogenic gas

(Fig. 3A). The process of bacterial oxidation of methane, which causes an enrichment in both 13C and D

in the remaining (non-oxidized) CH4, is a common phenomenon in some groundwater aquifers, and

6

would explain the much heavier isotopic ratios of the Mary Hachenberg sample. 9 In turn, the slightly

heavier isotopic ratios in the Harland Harman and later Tom Crawley samples, compared to the other

four groundwater samples in the small cluster (Fig. 3B), would also be explained by bacterial oxidation of

the CH4, albeit to a lesser degree than is evident in the Mary Hachenberg sample. Thus, the CH4 in the

Harland Harman, later Tom Crawley, and Mary Hachenberg groundwater samples appears to be

derived from the same thermogenic source as is present in the earlier Tom Crawley, Bernard

Tironie, Michael Feiler 3, and Doyle Bodle wells, but is bacterially-oxidized to various degrees. The

reason(s) why CH4 in the Mary Hachenberg sample is severely oxidized, but is only slightly oxidized in

the Harland Harman and later Tom Crawley samples, and is (apparently) unoxidized in the other samples

from the small cluster (earlier Tom Crawley, Bernard Tironie, Michael Feiler 3, and Doyle Bodle

samples) is uncertain, but could potentially be due to variable aquifer conditions or well use/pump rates.

One might consider if the CH4 in the Harland Harman or later Tom Crawley groundwater samples could

be a mixture of the CH4 found in the other groundwater wells in the small cluster and CH4 from the

Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well (given that it plots between these in Fig. 3). However, this possibility of

mixing (in an attempt to explain the CH4 isotopic data) would be inconsistent with the compositional data.

Specifically, the Harland Harman and later Tom Crawley groundwater gas do not contain intermediate

amounts of ethane or propane (relative to methane; Fig. 1). They contain the same proportions of ethane

and propane as the other groundwater wells in the small cluster (Fig. 2). Therefore, the CH4 in the

Harland Harman and later Tom Crawley groundwater samples is better explained by a slight bacterial

oxidation of the same CH4 that exists in the other four samples that plot in the small cluster (Fig. 3B).

Finally, the isotopic composition of the dissolved CH4 in the Dorance May groundwater sample is unique

from the other groundwater samples studied (Fig. 3A). Specifically, it is isotopically-lighter than CH4 in

the other seven groundwater samples – and is also much lighter than the three Harman, Lewis Unit 1H

well gases (Fig. 3A). Although mixing of a thermogenic gas with a biogenic gas could explain the

Dorance May sample’s unique CH4, the CH4 in the Dorance May groundwater sample appears to be a

different source of thermogenic gas than is present in the other groundwater samples, or in the

Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gas. This fact is further evident when the isotopic and compositional data

are considered together as the Dorance May dissolved gas was extremely dry (enriched in CH4; Table 3).

Figure 4 shows a (Bernard type)10 cross-plot of the 13C ratio and the methane-ethane (dryness) ratio

(C1/C2). The uniqueness of the Dorance May dissolved gas is evident.

If you have any questions regarding the content of this letter, please do not hesitate to call me at (781)

681-5040 X105.

Sincerely,

Scott A. Stout, Ph.D., P.G.

Sr. Consulting Geochemist

9

Bacterial consumption of CH4 can occur aerobically or anaerobically and results in the methane that is enriched in 13C and deuterium. The shift in the D ratio is approximately 8-times greater than the shift in 13C ratio when

bacterial oxidation occurs (Coleman et al., 1981; Geochim. et Comsochim. Acta 45: 1033-1037). The shift in the

Mary Hachenberg sample’s CH4, compared to the other groundwater samples in the small cluster, follows this ~8-

to-1 trend. Thus, the CH4 in the Mary Hachenberg groundwater sample would be consistent with a bacterially-

oxidized equivalent of the other groundwater samples within the small cluster (Fig. 3). 10

Bernard et al. (1978) Light hydrocarbons in recent Texas continental shelf and slope sediments. J. Geophys. Res.

83: 4053-4061.

7

Attachments

Chain-of-custody documents

IsoTech Laboratory Reports

S.A. Stout – Short Resume

8

Table 1: Inventory of samples studied herein.

Sample Well # Latitude Longitude Sample Sample Isotech Sample

Name per Figure 1 (N) (W) Date Time Lab No. Container

Groundwater Samples

Tironie, Bernard-Water Well-01 1* 41° 14' 35.70" 76° 40' 49.80" 2711.45' 1/30/2012 15:05 235242 IsoBag

Bodle, Doyle-Water Well-02 2 41° 14' 32.41'' 76° 40' 39.68'' 1879.37' 1/30/2012 16:05 235243 IsoBag

Crawley, Tom-Water Well-03 3 41° 14' 35.70" 76° 40' 49.80" 2711.45' 1/30/2012 17:35 235244 DG Bottle

Harman Lewis 1 4 41° 14' 15.77'' 76° 39' 57.36'' 1787.99' 2/7/2012 10:00 235919 DG Bottle

Harman Lewis 2 5 41° 14' 15.42'' 76° 39' 56.74'' 1845.09' 2/7/2012 10:45 235920 DG Bottle

Harman David 6 41° 14' 11.93'' 76° 40' 28.81'' 1268.03' 2/7/2012 12:30 235921 DG Bottle

Harman Harland 7 41° 14' 37.96'' 76° 40' 20.96'' 1588.67' 2/7/2012 13:30 235922 DG Bottle

Marquardt Arthur 8** 41° 14' 29.70'' 76° 40' 08.75'' 1104.83' 2/7/2012 14:45 235923 DG Bottle

Hachenberg Mary 9 41° 14' 32.00'' 76° 40' 32.68'' 1434.29' 2/7/2012 16:00 235924 DG Bottle

Newhard Dawn 10 41° 14' 34.19'' 76° 40' 11.58'' 1350.48' 2/7/2012 17:55 235925 DG Bottle

Mcavoy Eugene 11 41° 14' 41.18'' 76° 40' 09.56'' 2062.41' 2/8/2012 9:25 235926 DG Bottle

Zimmerman William 12 41° 14' 41.95'' 76° 40' 01.09'' 2435.06' 2/8/2012 10:35 236007 DG Bottle

May Dorance 13 41° 14' 18.92'' 76° 39' 47.44'' 2447.31' 2/8/2012 11:30 236008 DG Bottle

Moore Gary 14 41° 14' 07.19'' 76° 40' 03.28'' 1940.85' 2/8/2012 12:30 236009 DG Bottle

Neuhard Charles 15 41° 14' 23.89'' 76° 39' 59.45'' 1518.30' 2/8/2012 13:40 236010 DG Bottle

Opp Charles 16 41° 14' 07.61'' 76° 40' 36.06'' 1956.11' 2/8/2012 15:25 236011 DG Bottle

Tom Crawley 3 (duplicate) 41° 14' 35.70" 76° 40' 49.80" 2711.45' 2/9/2012 7:00 236012 IsoBag

Fetzer Kenneth 17 41° 14' 38.46'' 76° 40' 12.82'' 1722.06' 2/9/2012 9:30 236013 DG Bottle

Feiler Michael 1 18 41° 14' 38.90'' 76° 40' 15.05'' 1725.30' 2/10/2012 9:05 236679 DG Bottle

Feiler Michael 3 19 41° 14' 38.90'' 76° 40' 15.05'' 1725.30' 2/10/2012 9:40 236680 IsoBag

Snell Harry 20 41° 14' 32.37'' 76° 40' 12.88'' 1142.11' 2/10/2012 11:20 236681 DG Bottle

Kline George 21 41° 14' 29.55'' 76° 40' 02.56'' 1474.90' 2/10/2012 12:05 236682 DG Bottle

Harmon 1H Gas Samples

Harman 1H 2/7/2012 9:00 236692 IsoTube

Harman 1H - 9 5/8" 2/7/2012 9:00 236693 IsoTube

Harman 1H - 13 3/8" 2/7/2012 9:00 236433 Cali-5-Bond Bag

* property owned by G. and P. Zeisloft

** presently owned by P. Lingelfelter

Distance

from

Harman 1H

9

Table 2: Concentrations of dissolved methane (CH4; mg/L) in groundwater samples studied herein.

(na-not analyzed).

Sample Well # Isotech Dissolved CH4 Sample

Name per Figure 1 Lab No. mg/L Container

Groundwater Samples

Tironie, Bernard-Water Well-01 1 235242 75 IsoBag

Bodle, Doyle-Water Well-02 2 235243 81 IsoBag

Crawley, Tom-Water Well-03 3 235244 na DG Bottle

Harman Lewis 1 4 235919 0.00051 DG Bottle

Harman Lewis 2 5 235920 0.00056 DG Bottle

Harman David 6 235921 0.00044 DG Bottle

Harman Harland 7 235922 21 DG Bottle

Marquardt Arthur 8 235923 0.0015 DG Bottle

Hachenberg Mary 9 235924 2.7 DG Bottle

Newhard Dawn 10 235925 0.0071 DG Bottle

Mcavoy Eugene 11 235926 0.00026 DG Bottle

Zimmerman William 12 236007 0.0065 DG Bottle

May Dorance 13 236008 4.2 DG Bottle

Moore Gary 14 236009 0.011 DG Bottle

Neuhard Charles 15 236010 0.00035 DG Bottle

Opp Charles 16 236011 0.00013 DG Bottle

Tom Crawley 3 (duplicate) 236012 120 IsoBag

Fetzer Kenneth 17 236013 0.020 DG Bottle

Feiler Michael 1 18 236679 0.11 DG Bottle

Feiler Michael 3 19 236680 170 IsoBag

Snell Harry 20 236681 0.013 DG Bottle

Kline George 21 236682 0.00046 DG Bottle


Harman 1H 236692 na IsoTube

Harman 1H - 9 5/8" 236693 na IsoTube

Harman 1H - 13 3/8" 236433 na Cali-5-Bond Bag


Tel: (781) 681-5040 Fax: (781) 681-5048

Table 3: Summary of the molecular and methane isotopic compositions of groundwater gases and the Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well natural gases studied herein. Laboratory data sheets attached to this report. Compositions

reported in mole%. Isotopic ratios reported in ppt (o/oo).

Sample Well # Sample Isotech He H2 Ar O2 CO2 N2 CO Total C1 C2 C2H4 C3 C3H6 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 C6+ Total13

C1 DC1 C1/C2

Name per Figure 1 Container Lab No. % % % % % % % Non-HC % % % % % % % % % % HC ‰ ‰ C1 C2 C3 Ratio

Groundwater Samples

Tironie, Bernard-Water Well-01 1 IsoBag 235242 0.0094 nd 0.304 4.45 0.009 23.60 nd 28.4 71.41 0.218 nd 0.0006 0.0001 nd nd nd nd nd 71.6 -29.90 -181.4 99.7 0.30 0.00001 328

Bodle, Doyle-Water Well-02 2 IsoBag 235243 0.0060 nd 0.095 0.24 0.025 5.17 nd 5.5 94.05 0.408 nd 0.0024 0.0002 nd nd nd nd nd 94.5 -29.67 -184.8 99.6 0.43 0.00003 231

Crawley, Tom-Water Well-03 3 DG Bottle 235244 0.0040 nd 0.457 10.00 0.021 40.62 nd 51.1 48.62 0.277 nd 0.0023 nd nd nd nd nd nd 48.9 -29.47 -183.5 99.4 0.57 0.00005 176

Harman Lewis 1 4 DG Bottle 235919 na nd 1.67 1.90 2.80 93.63 nd 100 0.0032 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.003 na na 100.0 0.00 0.00

Harman Lewis 2 5 DG Bottle 235920 na nd 1.34 27.5 0.97 70.17 nd 100 0.0026 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.003 na na 100.0 0.00 0.00

Harman David 6 DG Bottle 235921 na nd 1.62 1.43 0.26 96.69 nd 100 0.0025 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.003 na na 100.0 0.00 0.00

Harman Harland 7 DG Bottle 235922 na nd 0.598 0.64 2.26 31.17 nd 34.7 65.07 0.264 nd 0.0012 nd nd nd nd nd nd 65.3 -29.09 -174.9 99.6 0.40 0.00002 246

Marquardt Arthur 8 DG Bottle 235923 na nd 1.58 14.2 3.20 80.99 nd 99.99 0.0080 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.01 na na 100.0 0.00 0.00

Hachenberg Mary 9 DG Bottle 235924 na nd 1.49 10.2 1.75 70.48 nd 83.9 16.05 0.0376 nd 0.0004 nd nd nd nd nd nd 16.1 -18.73 -97.2 99.8 0.23 0.00002 427

Newhard Dawn 10 DG Bottle 235925 na nd 1.78 1.09 0.56 96.53 nd 99.96 0.0391 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.04 na na 100.0 0.00 0.00

Mcavoy Eugene 11 DG Bottle 235926 na nd 1.58 19.3 3.11 76.02 nd 100 0.0015 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.002 na na 100.0 0.00 0.00

Zimmerman William 12 DG Bottle 236007 na nd 1.66 4.09 1.31 92.90 nd 99.96 0.0405 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.04 na na 100.0 0.00 0.00

May Dorance 13 DG Bottle 236008 na nd 1.45 0.52 0.20 77.89 nd 80.1 19.94 0.0027 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 19.9 -40.65 -194.2 100.0 0.01 0.00 7385

Moore Gary 14 DG Bottle 236009 na nd 1.71 1.97 0.26 96.00 nd 99.9 0.0609 0.0004 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.1 na na 99.3 0.65 0.00 152

Neuhard Charles 15 DG Bottle 236010 na nd 1.43 4.60 8.23 85.74 nd 100 0.0016 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.002 na na 100.0 0.00 0.00

Opp Charles 16 DG Bottle 236011 na nd 1.67 3.21 0.32 94.80 nd 100 0.0008 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.001 na na 100.0 0.00 0.00

Tom Crawley 3 (duplicate) IsoBag 236012 na nd 0.060 1.27 0.03 3.31 nd 4.7 94.73 0.596 nd 0.0049 0.0002 nd nd nd nd nd 95.3 -28.62 -181.3 99.4 0.63 0.00005 159

Fetzer Kenneth 17 DG Bottle 236013 na nd 1.70 1.02 1.50 95.67 nd 99.9 0.112 0.0004 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.1 na na 99.6 0.36 0.00 280

Feiler Michael 1 18 DG Bottle 236679 na nd 1.30 23.5 1.06 73.85 nd 99.7 0.332 0.0030 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.3 na na 99.1 0.90 0.00 111

Feiler Michael 3 19 IsoBag 236680 0.0099 nd 0.115 1.22 0.01 4.61 nd 6 93.50 0.528 nd 0.0034 0.0002 nd nd nd nd nd 94 -29.80 -181.0 99.4 0.56 0.00004 177

Snell Harry 20 DG Bottle 236681 na nd 1.76 1.31 0.23 96.63 nd 99.9 0.0719 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.1 na na 100.0 0.00 0.00

Kline George 21 DG Bottle 236682 na nd 1.44 7.92 10.5 80.14 nd 100 0.0023 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.002 na na 100.0 0.00 0.00


Harman 1H IsoTube 236692 0.0249 0.0796 0.0074 0.16 0.006 0.80 nd 1.1 97.53 1.36 nd 0.0279 0.0002 0.0002 0.0007 nd nd nd 98.9 -29.09 -165.3 98.6 1.4 0.00028 72

Harman 1H - 9 5/8" IsoTube 236693 0.0259 0.0476 nd 0.020 nd 0.34 nd 0.4 98.34 1.20 nd 0.0230 0.0002 0.0003 0.0007 nd nd nd 99.6 -28.02 -164.4 98.8 1.2 0.00023 82

Harman 1H - 13 3/8" Cali-5-Bond Bag 236433 0.0222 0.0434 0.221 4.18 nd 18.62 nd 23.1 75.99 0.910 nd 0.0165 nd 0.0002 0.0004 nd nd nd 76.9 -28.92 -165.0 98.8 1.2 0.00021 84

na - not analyzed

nd - not detected

HC Normalized


Tel: (781) 681-5040 Fax: (781) 681-5048

Figure 1: Map showing the locations of the groundwater wells sampled and the

surface location of the Harmon, Lewis Unit 1H well. Radius of circle shown is

2500 . Well numbers correspond to those in Table 1.

12

Feiler Michael 3

May DoranceHachenberg Mary

Harman Harland

Tom Crawley

Crawley, Tom-Water Well-03

Bodle, Doyle-Water Well-02

Tironie, Bernard-Water Well-01

Harman 1H - 13 3/8"

Harman 1H - 9 5/8"

Harman 1H

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Methane Concentration (%)

Ethane

Conce

ntratio

n (%)

Water Wells

Harman 1H Well

Feiler Michael 3

May DoranceHachenberg Mary Harman Harland

Tom Crawley

Crawley, Tom-Water Well-03 Bodle, Doyle-Water Well-02


Harman 1H - 13 3/8"

Harman 1H - 9 5/8"

Harman 1H

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Methane Concentration (%)

Propan

e Conc

entrati

on (%)

Water Wells

Harman 1H Well

Figure 2: Cross-plots showing the concentrations (mol%) of (A) methane versus

ethane and (B) methane versus propane in the groundwater wells and Harman,

Lewus Unit 1H well gases. The distinct trends reflect compositional differences exist

between the water wells and Harman, Lewis Unit 1H well gases (see text). Data from

Table 3.

A

B


Tel: (781) 681-5040 Fax: (781) 681-5048

Hachenberg Mary

May Dorance

-400.0

-350.0

-300.0

-250.0

-200.0

-150.0

-100.0

-120.0 -100.0 -80.0 -60.0 -40.0 -20.0

13C - CH4

D - CH

4

Harman 1H Well

Water Wells

Microbial Gas CO2 Reduction Thermogenic

Gas

Microbial Gas Fermenation

expanded

view in B

Harman 1H - 13 3/8"

Harman 1H - 9 5/8"

Harman 1H

Feiler Michael 3

Harman Harland

Tom Crawley

Crawley, Tom-Water Well-03



-195.0

-190.0

-185.0

-180.0

-175.0

-170.0

-165.0

-160.0

-31.0 -30.5 -30.0 -29.5 -29.0 -28.5 -28.0 -27.5 -27.0 -26.5 -26.0

13C - CH4

D - CH

4

Harman 1H Well

Water Wells

Error bars reflect

analytical precision13

C: ± 0.1 o/oo

D: ± 2.0 o/oo

Figure 3: Cross-plot of carbon and hydrogen stable isotopic composition of methane

in the samples studied herein. Genetic fields (dashed-lines) after Coleman et al.

(1995).7 (B) is an expanded view from (A). Note that the analytical precision of these

measurements as reported by IsoTech are depicted by the error bars in (B). All data from

Table 3.

A

B

14

Feiler Michael 3

May Dorance

Hachenberg Mary

Harman Harland

Tom CrawleyCrawley, Tom-Water Well-03



Harman 1H - 13 3/8" Harman 1H - 9 5/8"Harman 1H

10

100

1,000

10,000

-60.00 -55.00 -50.00 -45.00 -40.00 -35.00 -30.00 -25.00 -20.00 -15.00

13C-CH4

C1/C2

Conce

ntration

Ratio

Water Wells

Harman 1H Well

Figure 4: Bernard-type plot of carbon stable isotopic composition of methane and

methane-ethane (C1/C2) ratio in the samples studied herein. The Dorance May

sample’s unique isotopic and compositional character is demonstrated. The remaining

water wells’ gases are highly comparable to one another (with CH4 in the Mary

Hachenberg sample being severely oxidized), and distinct from the Harman, Lewis Unit

1H well gas. All data from Table 3.

15

ATTACHMENTS

236692Lab #: 17487Job #:

2/07/2012

Container: IsoTube®

Field/Site Name: 120-191.100

Location: Lycoming, PA

Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:

Date Received: 2/15/2012 Date Reported: 2/27/2012

naHydrogen Sulfide ---------------

Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰

Carbon Monoxide -----------------------------------nd

Helium ----------------------------------------0.0249

Date Sampled:

Company: Civil & Environmental Consultants

Harman 1HSample Name: Co. Lab#:

97.53

Ethane ----------------------------------------1.36

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------0.0279

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------0.0002

N-butane ----------------------------------------0.0007

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd

Total BTU/cu.ft. dry @ 60deg F & 14.7psia, calculated: 1014

Specific gravity, calculated: 0.565

Hydrogen ----------------------------------------0.0796

Argon ----------------------------------------0.0074

Oxygen ---------------------------- 0.16

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------0.80

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.006

-29.09 -165.3Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ15N

Propylene ----------------------------------------0.0002

nd = not detected. na = not analyzed. Isotopic composition of hydrogen is relative to VSMOW. Isotopiccomposition of carbon is relative to VPDB. Calculations for BTU and specific gravity per ASTM D3588.Chemical compositions are normalized to 100%. Mol. % is approximately equal to vol. %.

236693Lab #: 17487Job #:

2/07/2012

Container: IsoTube®


Location: Lycoming, PA

Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------0.0259

Date Sampled:


Harman 1H - 9 5/8"Sample Name: Co. Lab#:

98.34

Ethane ----------------------------------------1.20

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------0.0230

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------0.0003

N-butane ----------------------------------------0.0007

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd



Hydrogen ----------------------------------------0.0476

Argon ----------------------------------------nd

Oxygen ---------------------------- 0.020

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------0.34

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------nd

-28.02 -164.4Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ15N

Propylene ----------------------------------------0.0002


235242Lab #: 17385Job #:

1/30/2012

Container: IsoBag

Field/Site Name: Lycoming County Water Assessments

Location:

Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:


naHydrogen Sulfide -----------------

Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰

ndCarbon Monoxide -----------------------------------

Helium ----------------------------------------0.0094

Date Sampled:

Company: Range Resources

Tironie, Bernard-Water Well-01Sample Name/Number:

71.41

Ethane ----------------------------------------0.218

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------0.0006

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd

Total BTU/cu.ft. dry @ 60deg F & 14.7psia, calculated: 727 Specific gravity, calculated: 0.680

Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------0.304

Oxygen ---------------------------- 4.45

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------23.60

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.009

-29.90 -181.4Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O

Remarks:Concentration of methane in water = 110 cc/L ; 75 ppm

Propylene ----------------------------------------0.0001

nd = not detected. na = not analyzed. Isotopic composition of hydrogen is relative to VSMOW. Isotopiccomposition of carbon is relative to VPDB. Isotopic composition of oxygen is relative to VSMOW, except forcarbon dioxide which is relative to VPDB. Calculations for BTU and specific gravity per ASTM D3588. Chemicalcompositions are normalized to 100%. Mol. % is approximately equal to vol. %.

235243Lab #: 17385Job #:

1/30/2012

Container: IsoBag


Location:

Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------0.0060

Date Sampled:


Bodle, Doyle-Water Well-02Sample Name/Number:

94.05

Ethane ----------------------------------------0.408

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------0.0024

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------0.0948

Oxygen ---------------------------- 0.24

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------5.17

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.025

-29.67 -184.8Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O

Remarks:Concentration of methane in water = 120 cc/L ; 81 ppm

Propylene ----------------------------------------0.0002


235244Lab #: 17385Job #:

1/30/2012

Container: 1 Liter Plastic Bottle


Location:

Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------0.0040

Date Sampled:


Crawley, Tom-Water Well-03Sample Name/Number:

48.62

Ethane ----------------------------------------0.277

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------0.0023

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------0.457

Oxygen ---------------------------- 10.00

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------40.62

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.021

-29.47 -183.5Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O

Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


235919Lab #: 17450Job #:

2/07/2012

Container: Dissolved Gas Bottle

Field/Site Name: Lewis Harman Unit

Location: Hughesville, PA

Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Harman Lewis 1Sample Name/Number:

0.0032

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.67

Oxygen ---------------------------- 1.90

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------93.63

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------2.80

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O

Remarks:Analysis is of gas extracted from water by headspace equilibration. Analysis has been corrected for heliumadded to create headspace. Helium dilution factor = 0.75Concentration of methane in water = 0.00077 cc/L ; 0.00051 ppm*Addition of helium negates the ability to detect native helium and may negate the ability to detect hydrogen.

Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


235920Lab #: 17450Job #:

2/07/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Harman Lewis 2Sample Name/Number:

0.0026

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.34

Oxygen ---------------------------- 27.52

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------70.17

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.97

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


235921Lab #: 17450Job #:

2/07/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Harman DavidSample Name/Number:

0.0025

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.62

Oxygen ---------------------------- 1.43

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------96.69

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.26

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


235922Lab #: 17450Job #:

2/07/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Harman HarlandSample Name/Number:

65.07

Ethane ----------------------------------------0.264

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------0.0012

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------0.598

Oxygen ---------------------------- 0.64

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------31.17

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------2.26

-29.09 -174.9Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O

Remarks:Analysis is of gas extracted from water by headspace equilibration. Analysis has been corrected for heliumadded to create headspace. Helium dilution factor = 0.60Concentration of methane in water = 32 cc/L ; 21 ppm*Addition of helium negates the ability to detect native helium and may negate the ability to detect hydrogen.**Methane isotope data added on 2/29/2012

Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


235923Lab #: 17450Job #:

2/07/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Marquardt ArthurSample Name/Number:

0.0080

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.58

Oxygen ---------------------------- 14.22

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------80.99

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------3.20

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


235924Lab #: 17450Job #:

2/07/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Hachenberg MarySample Name/Number:

16.05

Ethane ----------------------------------------0.0376

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------0.0004

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.49

Oxygen ---------------------------- 10.19

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------70.48

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------1.75

-18.73 -97.2Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O

Remarks:Analysis is of gas extracted from water by headspace equilibration. Analysis has been corrected for heliumadded to create headspace. Helium dilution factor = 0.75Concentration of methane in water = 4.0 cc/L ; 2.7 ppm*Addition of helium negates the ability to detect native helium and may negate the ability to detect hydrogen.**Methane isotope data added on 2/29/2012

Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


235925Lab #: 17450Job #:

2/07/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Newhard DawnSample Name/Number:

0.0391

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.78

Oxygen ---------------------------- 1.09

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------96.53

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.56

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


235926Lab #: 17450Job #:

2/08/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Mcavoy EugeneSample Name/Number:

0.0015

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.58

Oxygen ---------------------------- 19.29

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------76.02

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------3.11

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


236007Lab #: 17459Job #:

2/08/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Zimmerman WilliamSample Name/Number:

0.0405

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.66

Oxygen ---------------------------- 4.09

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------92.90

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------1.31

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


236008Lab #: 17459Job #:

2/08/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


May DoranceSample Name/Number:

19.94

Ethane ----------------------------------------0.0027

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.45

Oxygen ---------------------------- 0.52

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------77.89

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.20

-40.65 -194.2Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O

Remarks:Analysis is of gas extracted from water by headspace equilibration. Analysis has been corrected for heliumadded to create headspace. Helium dilution factor = 0.70Concentration of methane in water = 6.3 cc/L ; 4.2 ppm*Addition of helium negates the ability to detect native helium and may negate the ability to detect hydrogen.** Methane isotope data added on 2/29/2012

Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


236009Lab #: 17459Job #:

2/08/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Moore GarySample Name/Number:

0.0609

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.71

Oxygen ---------------------------- 1.97

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------96.00

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.26

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


236010Lab #: 17459Job #:

2/08/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Neuhard CharlesSample Name/Number:

0.0016

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.43

Oxygen ---------------------------- 4.60

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------85.74

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------8.23

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


236011Lab #: 17459Job #:

2/08/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Opp CharlesSample Name/Number:

0.0008

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.67

Oxygen ---------------------------- 3.21

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------94.80

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.32

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


236012Lab #: 17459Job #:

2/09/2012

Container: IsoBag



Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Tom CrawleySample Name/Number:

94.73

Ethane ----------------------------------------0.596

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------0.0049

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------0.0603

Oxygen ---------------------------- 1.27

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------3.31

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.033

-28.62 -181.3Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O

Remarks:Analysis is of gas extracted from water by headspace equilibration. Analysis has been corrected for heliumadded to create headspace. Helium dilution factor = 0.00Concentration of methane in water = 180 cc/L ; 120 ppm*Addition of helium negates the ability to detect native helium and may negate the ability to detect hydrogen.** Methane isotope data added on 3/5/2012

Propylene ----------------------------------------0.0002


236013Lab #: 17459Job #:

2/09/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Fetzer KennethSample Name/Number:

0.112

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.70

Oxygen ---------------------------- 1.02

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------95.67

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------1.50

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


236433Lab #: 17471Job #:

2/07/2012

Container: Cali-5-Bond Bag


Location: Lycoming Co., PA

Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------0.0222

Date Sampled:


Harman 1H - 13 3/8"Sample Name: Co. Lab#:

75.99

Ethane ----------------------------------------0.910

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------0.0165

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------0.0002

N-butane ----------------------------------------0.0004

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd



Hydrogen ----------------------------------------0.0434

Argon ----------------------------------------0.221

Oxygen ---------------------------- 4.18

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------18.62

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------nd

-28.92 -165.0Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ15N

Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


236679Lab #: 17483Job #:

2/10/2012

Container: IsoBag



Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Feiler Michael 1Sample Name/Number:

0.332

Ethane ----------------------------------------0.0030

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.30

Oxygen ---------------------------- 23.46

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------73.85

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------1.06

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


236680Lab #: 17483Job #:

2/10/2012

Container: IsoBag



Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------0.0099

Date Sampled:


Feiler Michael 3Sample Name/Number:

93.50

Ethane ----------------------------------------0.528

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------0.0034

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------0.115

Oxygen ---------------------------- 1.22

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------4.61

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.009

-29.80 -181.0Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O

Remarks:Concentration of methane in water = 250 cc/L ; 170 ppm*Methane isotope data added on 2/29/2012

Propylene ----------------------------------------0.0002


236681Lab #: 17483Job #:

2/10/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Snell HarrySample Name/Number:

0.0719

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.76

Oxygen ---------------------------- 1.31

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------96.63

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------0.23

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


236682Lab #: 17483Job #:

2/10/2012




Formation/Depth:

Sampling Point:



Component Chemical

mol. % ‰ ‰ ‰


Helium ----------------------------------------na

Date Sampled:


Kline GeorgeSample Name/Number:

0.0023

Ethane ----------------------------------------nd

Ethylene ----------------------------------------nd

Propane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-butane ----------------------------------------nd

N-butane ----------------------------------------nd

Iso-pentane ---------------------------------------nd

N-pentane ----------------------------------------nd

Hexanes + ----------------------------------------nd


Hydrogen ----------------------------------------nd

Argon ----------------------------------------1.44

Oxygen ---------------------------- 7.92

Nitrogen ----------------------------------------80.14

Carbon Dioxide ------------------------------------10.50

Methane ----------------------------------------

δ13C δD δ18O


Propylene ----------------------------------------nd


1

SCOTT A. STOUT, Ph.D., P.G. Senior Geochemist

Environmental Forensics Practice

EXPERIENCE SUMMARY

Dr. Scott Stout is an organic geochemist with 23 years of petroleum and coal industry

experience. He has extensive knowledge of the chemical compositions of crude oil- coal-,

natural gas-, gasoline-, diesel- and other fuel-derived sources of contamination in terrestrial and

aquatic environments. This knowledge base is supplemented by an understanding of

“background” in urban environments, coal carbonization and combustion processes, oil and gas

exploration, production, and refining, fuel handling and storage operations, regulatory history of

refined products (e.g., gasoline), surficial geology and sedimentology, and the influences of

environmental weathering on the chemical composition of contaminants. Dr. Stout has written

interpretive reports on more than 475 environmental site or incident investigations and has

authored or co-authored over 120 papers published in scientific journals and books. He has co-

edited a textbook by international contributors on the environmental forensics aspects of oil

spills. Since May 2010 he has provided expert consulting surrounding NOAA’s NRDA

investigation of the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon spill.

His research has provided a basis for property management decisions and environmental liability

allocation through the assessment of the source(s) of contamination and background conditions

in surface water, groundwater, soil, and sediments for the U.S. Depts. of Justice, Commerce, and

Defense and for the oil & gas, utility, railroad, wood treatment, maritime shipping, port

operations, and forest products industries.

Dr. Stout’s knowledge and experience has been utilized in litigious matters involving

determination of the specific nature, source(s), age, and extent of contamination. He has

provided expert consulting to counsel in more than 60 criminal and civil actions requiring

environmental forensics and expert testimony in 18 State, Federal, and Australian courts since

2000.

PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS:

Senior Consulting Geochemist, Founding Partner, NewFields Environmental Forensics Practice,

LLC, Rockland, MA. 2004-present. Application of geochemical principles in assessment

of environmental liability.

Geochemistry Research Leader, Environmental Forensics Group, Battelle Memorial Institute,

Duxbury, MA. 1997-2004. Development and application of geochemical principles in

environmental matters. Environmental Forensics Group Manager, 2002-2003.

Environmental Forensics Practice Leader, 2001-2004.

Senior Geochemist, Environmental Technology Group, UNOCAL Corp., Brea, CA, 1995-1997.

Geochemical support for company-wide environmental activities.

Geochemist, GeoTechnology Group, UNOCAL Corp., Brea, CA. 1988-1995. Applied research

and geochemical support for oil & gas exploration and production activities in California,

Alaska, Thailand, and Indonesia.

SCOTT A. STOUT, PH.D., P.G.

2

Teaching Faculty, Southern Illinois University, Department of Geology, Carbondale, IL, 1987-

1988. Taught courses in historical geology, coal geology, sedimentology, and organic

geochemistry.

Guest Scientist, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Summer 1987. Guest scientist

and field assistant in the collection and analysis of wetland sediments in Florida..

Research Fellow, FOM Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Amsterdam, The

Netherlands, 1986. Conduct basic research on chemistry and structure of

macromolecular, plant-derived organic matter in wetlands and Tertiary sediments.

Graduate Research Assistant, Coal Research Section, The Pennsylvania State University, 1982-

1988. Conduct basic research on diagenesis of macromolecular, plant-derived organic

matter in wetlands and Tertiary sediments and FeS2 morphology in processed coals.

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS

American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Engineering Sciences Division (Associate Member,

2000-2202; Full Member 2003-2009)

American Chemical Society, Geochemical or Environmental Divisions (1987-present)

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Forensic Environmental Investigations

Technical Committee, (2005-2006)

Association for Environmental Health and Sciences, Environmental Forensics Workshop

Instructor (2000-2002, 2004-2008); Environmental Background Workshop Instructor

(2009)

Bonn Agreement, Oil Spill Identification Network of Experts (OSINET), Consultant (2007-

2009).

Contaminated Soil, Sediment and Water, Co-Editor, Environmental Forensics Series, Assoc.

Environ. Health & Sci. Publ. (1998-2003)

Environmental Forensics, Co-Editor-in-Chief, (1998-1999); Associate Editor, (1999-2001);

Technical Notes Editor, (2002-2004)

European Association of Organic Geochemists (1992-1994; 2001-present)

European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Oil Spill Identification, Consultant (2003-

2006)

International Society for Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (2002-2003; 2011)

International Society of Environmental Forensics (2004-present)

Nordtest, Oil Spill Identification Protocol, Revision Committee (2001-2002)

Professional Geologist, State of California, No. 6225. (1995-present)

The Society for Organic Petrology (1986-1992; Managing Counsel, 1990-1992)

EDUCATION

Ph.D., Geology, The Pennsylvania State University, 1988

M.S., Geology, The Pennsylvania State University, 1985

Geologic Field School, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1982.

B.S., Oceanography, Florida Institute of Technology, 1982

re: groundwater well gas results range resources ... · 2 thermogenic source as is present in the...

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