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Country Report-Pakistan
Recent Developments In Cotton
Dr. Muhammad Kashif Riaz Khan
Principal Scientist
Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology
(NIAB), PAKISTAN
Chickpeas (3rd)
Cotton (4th)
Sugarcane , Okra & Chilies (5th)
Mango, Guava, (6th)
Apricot & Dates (6th)
Wheat & Onion (8th)
Tobacco, Spinach & cauliflower (9th)
Peas & Castor (10th)
Citrus (11th)
Rice & Millets (13th)
Pistachio (14th)
AREA WISE PAKISTAN’S RANKING
36TH
Source: FAOSTAT
Pakistan ranking in the World (Production)
Quick Facts about cotton
1.5% to GDP and 6.7% to total value addition in agriculture.
4th largest cotton producer in the world after India, China and the USA.
7.1% share in the world cotton production during 2015-16.
2nd largest yarn exporter while 3rd largest consumer, yarn producer andcloth exporter in the world.
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 3
World Area & Yield
Source: ICAC
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 4
Pakistan Area & Yield
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 5
Pakistan Production & Yield
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 6
Area(million hectares)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
19
47
-48
19
50
-51
19
53
-54
19
56
-57
19
59
-60
19
62
-63
19
65
-66
19
68
-69
19
71
-72
19
74
-75
19
77
-78
19
80
-81
19
83
-84
19
86
-87
19
89
-90
19
92
-93
19
95
-96
19
98
-99
20
01
-20
02
20
04
-20
05
20
07
-20
08
20
10
-20
11
20
13
-20
14
20
16
-20
17
-
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
19
47
-48
19
51
-52
19
55
-56
19
59
-60
19
63
-64
19
67
-68
19
71
-72
19
75
-76
19
79
-80
19
83
-84
19
87
-88
19
91
-92
19
95
-96
19
99
-20
00
20
03
-20
04
20
07
-20
08
20
11
-20
12
20
15
-20
16
Production (million metric tons)
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 7
Province - Wise Area (‘000’ ha) 2006-17
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 8
Province - Wise Production (Metric Tons)
2006-17
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-17
PUNJAB SINDH KPK BALOCHISTAN
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 9
Province - Wise Yield (kg/ha)
2006-17
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-17
PUNJAB SINDH KPK BALOCHISTAN
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 10
Cotton Research Setup in Pakistan
Main organizations are:
• Pakistan Central Cotton Committee (PCCC).
• Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB) Punjab University Lahore.
• National Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) Faisalabad.
• Nuclear Institute of Agriculture & Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad.
• Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad.
• Agricultural University Peshawar.
Contd……Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 11
• Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tando Jam, Sindh.
• Department of Agriculture Research, Sindh.
• Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam.
• Mohammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan.
• Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Islamabad.
• Agriculture Policy Institute, Islamabad.
• Multinational & Private Sector Organizations.
06 Public sector Agriculture Universities
08 Agriculture Colleges
National Textile University and other engineering universities
Cotton Research Setup in Pakistan
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 12
Cotton Breeding Program in Pakistan
• Seed cotton yield and fiber Quality
The cotton breeding program in Pakistan especially at NIAB focuses todevelop improved varieties with no compromise on fiber quality.
• Fiber length : >28mm
• Lint percentage : >37.5
• Fineness : 3.8 - 4.9 ug/inch.
• Fiber strength : 92 and above (tppsi).
• Uniformity ratio : not<48%.
• Fiber maturity : 80%.
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 13
• Drought tolerance
• Irregular rains and climate change, water reservoirs
• Demand for drought tolerant varieties-wild Gossypium species
• Heat tolerance
• Temperatures (over 45o C).
• High temperatures----flower and fruit shedding results reflect in severeyield losses.
• Insects and Diseases resistance
• Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (Burewala strain of cotton virus)
• Pink Bollworm
• Wild species, mutation breeding
Cotton Breeding Program in Pakistan
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 14
Testing and approval of a variety
• The homozygous selected material (strains) is tested in micro Varietal andProvincial Coordinated Cotton Trial (PCCT), and then passed throughNational Coordinated Varietal Trial (NCVT) for the approval as a variety.
Cotton Breeding Program in Pakistan
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 15
Genetic Stock Situation
Name Quantity
Local genotypes 1064
Exotic genotypes 4701
Total 5765
Species –Wise Detail
Gossypium herbaceum L 556
Gossypium arboreum L 1025
Gossypium hirsutum L 4077
Gossypium barbadence L 5765
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 18
Cotton Market Structure in Pakistan
Grower
Commission Agents
Spinning Mills Exporters
Exporters
Local Textile Industry
Ginning Factories
Cotton Yarn
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 19
Farm Level Cost of Production (US$ per 40 kg)
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 20
Seed Cotton Intervention Prices (US$ per 40 kg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2014-2015 2015-2016
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 21
Seed Cotton Prices (US$ per 40 kg)
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 22
Raw Cotton Prices (US$ per 40 kg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 23
Seed Cotton Prices (US$ per 40 kg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 24
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
InternationalPrices(A Index)
DomesticCottonPrices
2 per. Mov.Avg.(International Prices(A Index))
Domestic & International Cotton Prices
(US cents per pound)
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 25
Changes In Mill Consumption (million metric tons)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
31
94
7-4
8
19
49
-50
19
51
-52
19
53
-54
19
55
-56
19
57
-58
19
59
-60
19
61
-62
19
63
-64
19
65
-66
19
67
-68
19
69
-70
19
71
-72
19
73
-74
19
75
-76
19
77
-78
19
79
-80
19
81
-82
19
83
-84
19
85
-86
19
87
-88
19
89
-90
19
91
-92
19
93
-94
19
95
-96
19
97
-98
19
99
-20
00
20
01
-20
02
20
03
-20
04
20
05
-20
06
20
07
-20
08
20
09
-20
10
20
11
-20
12
20
13
-20
14
20
15
-20
16
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 26
Exports of Raw Cotton ('000' metric tons)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 27
Imports Of Raw Cotton ('000' metric tons)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 28
Yarn Production (million metric tons)
-
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 29
Yarn Consumption (million metric ton)
-
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 30
-
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
Yarn Exports (million metric ton)
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 31
Yarn Available for Local Market(million metric ton)
-
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 32
Exports of Cotton Cloth (million square meters)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 33
Exports of Cotton Bed Sheets (million metric ton)
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 34
Exports of Cotton Towels (million metric ton)
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 35
Exports of Ready Made Garments (000 dz)
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16*
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 36
Exports of Cotton Knit Wear/Hosiery
(000 dz)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16*
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 37
Cotton Balance Sheet (2015-16)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Supply Side Consumption Side
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 38
• Germplasm improvements
• Hybrid cotton
• Farm and crop management
• Additional area under cultivation
• Organic cotton
• Climate resilient and Stress resistant varieties
• Necessary legislative and regulatory frameworks
(Plant Breeder’s Act and Seed Act)
• Mechanical picking
• Public-Private partnership for introducing latest and effectiveinsect protection technology
Future Cotton Policy
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 39
Sr. No. Crop Cumulative Income since inception
(Rs. Million)
1. Cotton 427,336.00
2 Rice 6,356.00
3 Chickpea 47,430.14
4 Mungbean 30,974.79
5 Lentil 214.36
Total: (Rs. Million)
(Rs. Billion)
(US$ Billion)
512,311.29
512.3
5.123
Economic impact of varieties evolved by NIAB,
Faisalabad
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 39
Approved Varieties Of NIA (30)
Wheat (13) Rice (06)
Variety Year
Jauhar 1979
Sindh 1982
Sarsabz 1986
Soghat 1991
Kiran 1996
Marvi 2002
Bhittai 2004
Sassui 2006
Khirman 2006
NIA-Amber 2010
NIA-Sunhari 2010
NIA-Sundar 2012
NIA-Sarang 2013
Variety Year
Shadab 1987
Shua-92 1993
Sarshar 2002
Shandar 2006
Khushboo-95 1996
Mehak 2006
Variety Year
NIA-Masoor-05 2006
Lentil (01)
Variety Year
AEM-96 1998
Brassica (01)
Variety Year
Chandi-95 1996
Sohni 2002
Sadori 2006
NIA-Ufaq 2010
Cotton (4)
Variety Year
NIA-98 1998
NIA-2004 2004
NIA-2010 2011
NIA-2011 2014
Sugarcane (04)
Mungbean (01)
Variety Year
NIA-Surhan 2013
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 40
Approved Varieties Of NIAB (43)Cotton (14) Rice (05)
Variety Year
NIAB-78 1983
NIAB-86 1990
NIAB-26 1992
Karishma 1996
NIAB-999 2003
NIAB-111 2004
NIAB-846 2008
NIAB-777 2009
NIAB-852 2012
NIAB-112 2013
NIAB-Kiran 2013
IR-NIAB-824 2013
NIAB-2008 2016
NIAB-878B 2017
Kashmir Basmati 1977
Niab-Irri-9 1999
NIAB-Rice-2013 (RSP-2)
2013
NIAB-Basmati-2016 2016
NOOR BASMATI 2017
CM-72 (D) 1983
CM-88 (D) 1995
CM-98 (D) 1998
CM-2000 (K) 2000
CM-2008 (K) 2008
NIAB-CH2016 (D) 2016
Chickpea (06)
Masoor 2002 2002
Masoor 2006 2006
Lentil (02)
Variety Year
NM-28 1983
NM-121-25 1986
NM-19-19 1986
NM-20-21 1986
NM-13-1 1986
NM-51 1990
NM-54 1990
NM-92 1996
NM-98 1998
NM-2006 2006
NIAB Mung 2011 2011
NIAB Mung 2016 2016
Mungben (12)
Sesame (02)
NIAB-Sesame2016 2016
NIAB PEARL 2017
NIAB GOLD 2017
Castor (01)
KINNOW (01)
NIAB KINNOW 2017Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 41
NIAB 78 (1983)Mutant resulting from irradiation of F1 of AC 134 X Deltapine.
High yield, early maturity, heat tolerance, Shorter and suitable plant
structure , Better response to fertilizer, and wider adaptability.
NIAB-78 covered about 70.8% of total cotton area in
Punjab in 1988
Spread gradually to Sindh starting from 1992-93 and
covered almost all the area under cotton crop in
Punjab and Sindh province
By the introduction of this variety, the production of
cotton in Pakistan increased from 3 million bales in
1983 to 12.8 million bales (4 times) in 1991-92.
It is estimated that during the 10 years following its
release, it contributed more than US $ 3 billion in
cotton production.Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 42
AREA (%) UNDER DIFFERENT COTTON VARIETIES GROWN IN PUNJAB 1980-2007
YEARS MAIN CULTIVARS VARIETIES CULTIVATED < 10 %
1980-81 B-557 (70) MNH-93 (15) NIAB-78 (5) CIM-70 (2) BS-1
1981-82 B-557 (55) MNH-93 (35) NIAB-78 (7) CIM-70 (2 BS-1
1982-83 MNH-93 (56) NIAB-78 (20) B-557 (15) CIM-70 (4) UAV
1983-84 MNH-93 (62) NIAB-78 (24) B-557 (10) CIM-70 (2) BS-1, MS-84, UAV
1984-85 NIAB-78 (30) MNH-93 (28) B-557 (5) CIM-70 (4) MNH-129, UAV
1985-86 NIAB-78 (44) MNH-93 (20) B-557 (4) CIM-70 (3) SLS-41, MNH-129
1986-87 NIAB-78 (65) MNH-93 (20) CIM-70 (4) B-557 (2) MNH-129, GOHAR-87, FH-87
1987-88 NIAB-78 (70) MNH-93 (15) CIM-70 (6) B-557 (1) GOHAR-87, MNH-129, SLS-41, UAV
1988-89 NIAB-78 (65) MNH-93 (16) CIM-70 (8) S-12 (6) NIAB-86, CIM-109, GOHAR-87, UAV
1989-90 NIAB-78 (63) MNH-93 (14) CIM-70 (7) S-12 (14) FH-87, RH-1, CIM-109
1990-91 NIAB-78 (45) S-12 (40) CIM-109 (5) CIM-70 (2) UAV
1991-92 S-12 (42) NIAB-78 (39) CIM-109 (10) MNH-93 (10) CIM-240, BH-36, MNH-147, FH-682
1992-93 S-12 (46) NIAB-78 (32) CIM-109 (8) MNH-93 (8) CIM-70, S-14, BH-36, MNH-147, N-26, UAV
1993-94 NIAB-78 (38) S-12 (16) MNH-93 (12) CIM-240 (10) UAV, BH-36, MNH-147, FH-682, S-14
1994-95 CIM-240 (36) NIAB-78 (23) CIM-109 (10) S-12 (6) MNH-93, BH-36, MNH-147
1995-96 CIM-240 (49) NIAB-78 (17) CIM-109 (7) S-12 BH-36, MNH-93, S-14, SLS-1, MNH-147
1996-97 CIM-240 (60) NIAB-78 (18) BH-36 (2) S-12 (2) NIAB KRISHMA, CIM-1100, CIM-448, CIM-109
1997-98 CIM-240 (24) N. KRISHMA(17) CIM-1100 (16) NIAB-78 (11) CIM-448, MNH-93, SLS-1, CIM-435,CIM-109, S-12,
MNH-147, S-14, AC-134
1998-99 N.KRISHMA(21) CIM-448 (19) CIM-240 (11) CIM-1100 (9) CIM-443, NIAB-78, CIM-435, CIM-446, CIM-109, BH-36,
MNH-93, SLS-1
1999-00 N.KRISHMA(21) CIM-448 (18) CIM-446 (16) CIM-443 (10) CIM-435, CIM-240, BH-36, NIAB-78, CIM-109, VH-53,
CIM-1100, BH-95, MNH-93
2000-01 CIM-446 (31) N.KRISHMA(17) CIM-448 (10) CIM-443 (9) BH-36, VH-53, CIM-240, NIAB-78, CIM-109, CIM-435,
BH-95, CIM-1100, SLS-1, MNH-93
2001-02 CIM-446 (26) N.KRISHMA(14) FH-901 (8) CIM-448 (7) CIM-443, FH-900, BH-118, BH-36, CIM-109, NIAB-98,
NIAB-78, CIM-240,, VH-53, SLS-1, CIM-1100
2002-03 CIM-446 (18) CIM-473 (15) N.KRISHMA(11) FH-901 (8) BH-118, CIM-448, CIM-109, NIAB-78, CIM-240, CIM-
443, CIM-482,
2003-04 CIM-473 (27) CIM-446 (13) CIM-499 (11) FH-901 (8) FH-1000, FH-900, CIM-482, CIM-443, N.KRISHMA,
NIAB-78, CIM-109, CIM-240, CIM-448
2004-05 CIM-499 (20) CIM-473 (18) FVH-142 (12 ) CIM-496 (12) CIM-446, NIAB-111, BH-180, FH-900, FH-901, FH-1000
2005-06 CIM-496 (32) CIM-499 (16) CIM-473 (11) BH-180 (8) CIM-506, FVH-142, NIAB-111, CIM-446, S-2000, FH-901,
FH-900, FH-1000, NIAB-999
2006-07 CIM-496 (43) CIM-499 (9) CIM-506 (8) CIM-473 (8) Bt, BH-180, FVH-142, CIM-446, NIAB-111, NIAB-999Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 44Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 43
NIAB-KARISHMA (1996)
NIAB-Karishma Adapted and very popular variety in Sanliurfa, Turkey
44Dr. Khan ICAC 2017
Varieties Mutant used Year of
Approval
Organization Specific Attributes of
Mutants
Shaheen H1 1988 C.R.S. Ghotki,
Sind.
High yield, early maturity, short
internode
NIAB-86 H1,-9-6-2 1990 NIAB,
Faisalabad
Better plant type, short internode,
and high yield
CIM-109 NIAB-78 1990 C.R.I. Multan Early maturity, high yield.
SLH-1 St-3 1991 A.R.S.Sahiwal Short internode, early and
uniform maturity, heat tolerant.
Cris-9 St-3 1991 C.R.I., Multan Short internode, early maturity.
Cris-6 NIAB-78 1991 C.R.I., Multan High yield, heat resistant.
NIAB-
Karishma
NIAB-86 1996 NIAB,
Faisalabad
Better plant type, shorter
internode, high yield.
NIAB-999 (F1 hybrid seed
(H1 x LRA)
2003 NIAB,
Faisalabad
Very early, heat tolerant
NIAB-111 NIAB-313/12x
CIM-1100
gamma rays
2004 NIAB,
Faisalabad
Very early, heat tolerant), long
and fine fiber
Gene pool developed by NIAB and used in the evolution of cotton
varieties by different organizations in Pakistan
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 45
Dr. Khan ICAC 2017 47