RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTIONLife after the Civil WarLife after the Civil War

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Freedman’s Bureau: Freedman’s Bureau: A A government agency established in government agency established in March 1865 to help both former March 1865 to help both former slaves and poor whites cope with slaves and poor whites cope with their everyday problems by their everyday problems by providing food, clothing and other providing food, clothing and other necessitiesnecessities

Freedman’s Bureau: Freedman’s Bureau: A A government agency established in government agency established in March 1865 to help both former March 1865 to help both former slaves and poor whites cope with slaves and poor whites cope with their everyday problems by their everyday problems by providing food, clothing and other providing food, clothing and other necessitiesnecessities

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Reconstruction: a plan to rebuild the South and restore southern states to the Union as quickly and easily as possible

Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan: All southerners were to take an oath of

allegiance to the U.S. (exclude high ranking military officials & Confederate government officials)

After 10% of the voters in a state took the oath, the state could form a government and ask to be readmitted to the Union

Reconstruction: a plan to rebuild the South and restore southern states to the Union as quickly and easily as possible

Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan: All southerners were to take an oath of

allegiance to the U.S. (exclude high ranking military officials & Confederate government officials)

After 10% of the voters in a state took the oath, the state could form a government and ask to be readmitted to the Union

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Disagreement with Lincoln’s Disagreement with Lincoln’s plan:plan:Congress felt the southern states Congress felt the southern states

should be punishedshould be punished

Disagreement with Lincoln’s Disagreement with Lincoln’s plan:plan:Congress felt the southern states Congress felt the southern states

should be punishedshould be punished

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Johnson’s original plan:Johnson’s original plan:The same as Lincoln’s except he The same as Lincoln’s except he

expanded the groups who were not expanded the groups who were not granted a general pardongranted a general pardon

Johnson’s original plan:Johnson’s original plan:The same as Lincoln’s except he The same as Lincoln’s except he

expanded the groups who were not expanded the groups who were not granted a general pardongranted a general pardon

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Disenfranchised:Disenfranchised:To take away the voting rights of To take away the voting rights of

othersothers

Disenfranchised:Disenfranchised:To take away the voting rights of To take away the voting rights of

othersothers

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Three Additions to Johnson’s Three Additions to Johnson’s Plan:Plan:States had to approve (ratify) the States had to approve (ratify) the

1313thth amendment amendmentStates had to nullify the articles of States had to nullify the articles of

secessionsecessionStates had to promise not to repay States had to promise not to repay

institutions and individuals who had institutions and individuals who had funded the Confederacyfunded the Confederacy

Three Additions to Johnson’s Three Additions to Johnson’s Plan:Plan:States had to approve (ratify) the States had to approve (ratify) the

1313thth amendment amendmentStates had to nullify the articles of States had to nullify the articles of

secessionsecessionStates had to promise not to repay States had to promise not to repay

institutions and individuals who had institutions and individuals who had funded the Confederacyfunded the Confederacy

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Purpose of the 13Purpose of the 13thth Amendment:Amendment:Abolish slaveryAbolish slavery

Purpose of the 13Purpose of the 13thth Amendment:Amendment:Abolish slaveryAbolish slavery

ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionBlack Codes:Black Codes:

Laws passed in the South to restrict the Laws passed in the South to restrict the rights of freedmenrights of freedmen

These laws often controlled the types of jobs These laws often controlled the types of jobs freedmen could have, permitted whipping as freedmen could have, permitted whipping as a punishment, and established labor periods a punishment, and established labor periods (sunrise to sunset(sunrise to sunset

These laws also permitted prison for jobless These laws also permitted prison for jobless blacks so many worked for very low wagesblacks so many worked for very low wages

Did not allow freed men to vote, serve on Did not allow freed men to vote, serve on juries or testify against white men in courtjuries or testify against white men in court

Black Codes:Black Codes:Laws passed in the South to restrict the Laws passed in the South to restrict the

rights of freedmenrights of freedmenThese laws often controlled the types of jobs These laws often controlled the types of jobs

freedmen could have, permitted whipping as freedmen could have, permitted whipping as a punishment, and established labor periods a punishment, and established labor periods (sunrise to sunset(sunrise to sunset

These laws also permitted prison for jobless These laws also permitted prison for jobless blacks so many worked for very low wagesblacks so many worked for very low wages

Did not allow freed men to vote, serve on Did not allow freed men to vote, serve on juries or testify against white men in courtjuries or testify against white men in court

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Congress’ response to Black Congress’ response to Black Codes:Codes:They passed the Civil Rights Act of They passed the Civil Rights Act of

18661866Extended citizenship to African Extended citizenship to African

AmericansAmericansGave federal government the right to Gave federal government the right to

intervene in issues of discriminationintervene in issues of discrimination1414thth amendment was also passed at this amendment was also passed at this

timetime

Congress’ response to Black Congress’ response to Black Codes:Codes:They passed the Civil Rights Act of They passed the Civil Rights Act of

18661866Extended citizenship to African Extended citizenship to African

AmericansAmericansGave federal government the right to Gave federal government the right to

intervene in issues of discriminationintervene in issues of discrimination1414thth amendment was also passed at this amendment was also passed at this

timetime

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1414thth Amendment: Amendment:Gave citizenship to freedmen Gave citizenship to freedmen Ensured equal protection under the Ensured equal protection under the

lawlaw

1414thth Amendment: Amendment:Gave citizenship to freedmen Gave citizenship to freedmen Ensured equal protection under the Ensured equal protection under the

lawlaw

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Congressional Reconstruction:Congressional Reconstruction:Had to ratify 14Had to ratify 14thth amendment amendment

When southern states refused:When southern states refused:Congress invalidated the new Congress invalidated the new

governmentsgovernmentsStates were placed under military States were placed under military

rulerule

Congressional Reconstruction:Congressional Reconstruction:Had to ratify 14Had to ratify 14thth amendment amendment

When southern states refused:When southern states refused:Congress invalidated the new Congress invalidated the new

governmentsgovernmentsStates were placed under military States were placed under military

rulerule

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Carpetbaggers:Carpetbaggers:Northerners who moved south after Northerners who moved south after

the warthe war

Scalawags:Scalawags:Southerners who supported the Southerners who supported the

Republican reconstruction planRepublican reconstruction plan

Carpetbaggers:Carpetbaggers:Northerners who moved south after Northerners who moved south after

the warthe war

Scalawags:Scalawags:Southerners who supported the Southerners who supported the

Republican reconstruction planRepublican reconstruction plan

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Three improvement made during the Three improvement made during the Constitutional Convention of 1867:Constitutional Convention of 1867:

1.1. Civil rights for all GA citizensCivil rights for all GA citizens

2.2. Free public education for all childrenFree public education for all children

3.3. Allowed married women to control their Allowed married women to control their own property (1own property (1stst state to do this) state to do this)

New governor:New governor:

Rufus Bullock - Rufus Bullock - RepublicanRepublican

Three improvement made during the Three improvement made during the Constitutional Convention of 1867:Constitutional Convention of 1867:

1.1. Civil rights for all GA citizensCivil rights for all GA citizens

2.2. Free public education for all childrenFree public education for all children

3.3. Allowed married women to control their Allowed married women to control their own property (1own property (1stst state to do this) state to do this)

New governor:New governor:

Rufus Bullock - Rufus Bullock - RepublicanRepublican

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Henry McNeal Turner:Henry McNeal Turner:

One of 29 black legislators elected to the One of 29 black legislators elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in Georgia House of Representatives in 1868 1868

What happened to the 32 African What happened to the 32 African Americans elected to the Georgia Americans elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1868?General Assembly in 1868?

They were expelled after it was They were expelled after it was determined they had been given the determined they had been given the right to vote, but not to hold officeright to vote, but not to hold office

Henry McNeal Turner:Henry McNeal Turner:

One of 29 black legislators elected to the One of 29 black legislators elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in Georgia House of Representatives in 1868 1868

What happened to the 32 African What happened to the 32 African Americans elected to the Georgia Americans elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1868?General Assembly in 1868?

They were expelled after it was They were expelled after it was determined they had been given the determined they had been given the right to vote, but not to hold officeright to vote, but not to hold office

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Ku Klux Klan:Ku Klux Klan:

A secret organization that tried to A secret organization that tried to keep freedmen from exercising keep freedmen from exercising their new civil rightstheir new civil rights

Started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865Started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865

Methods of Terrorism used:Methods of Terrorism used:

Intimidation included beatings, Intimidation included beatings, whippings, murderwhippings, murder

Ku Klux Klan:Ku Klux Klan:

A secret organization that tried to A secret organization that tried to keep freedmen from exercising keep freedmen from exercising their new civil rightstheir new civil rights

Started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865Started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865

Methods of Terrorism used:Methods of Terrorism used:

Intimidation included beatings, Intimidation included beatings, whippings, murderwhippings, murder

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1515thth amendment: amendment:

Gave all male citizens the right to voteGave all male citizens the right to vote1515thth amendment: amendment:

Gave all male citizens the right to voteGave all male citizens the right to vote

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Georgia’s readmission was completed Georgia’s readmission was completed after they:after they:

1.1. Ruled that blacks were eligible to hold Ruled that blacks were eligible to hold officeoffice

2.2. Reseated the expelled African American Reseated the expelled African American representativesrepresentatives

3.3. Approved 14Approved 14thth amendment amendment

4.4. Ratified 15Ratified 15thth amendment amendment

Democrats regained control of both Democrats regained control of both houses of the Georgia General houses of the Georgia General AssemblyAssembly

Georgia’s readmission was completed Georgia’s readmission was completed after they:after they:

1.1. Ruled that blacks were eligible to hold Ruled that blacks were eligible to hold officeoffice

2.2. Reseated the expelled African American Reseated the expelled African American representativesrepresentatives

3.3. Approved 14Approved 14thth amendment amendment

4.4. Ratified 15Ratified 15thth amendment amendment

Democrats regained control of both Democrats regained control of both houses of the Georgia General houses of the Georgia General AssemblyAssembly

ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionSharecropping:Sharecropping:

Landowners provided land, a house, farming Landowners provided land, a house, farming tools and animals, seed, and fertilizer. tools and animals, seed, and fertilizer. Workers agreed to give the owner a share of Workers agreed to give the owner a share of the harvest. the harvest.

Tenant Farming:Tenant Farming:

Similar to sharecropping. Main difference was Similar to sharecropping. Main difference was tenants usually owned some equipment and tenants usually owned some equipment and farm animals. They also bought their own farm animals. They also bought their own seed & fertilizer. At end of year they paid seed & fertilizer. At end of year they paid landowner a set amount of cash or share of landowner a set amount of cash or share of cropcrop

Sharecropping:Sharecropping:

Landowners provided land, a house, farming Landowners provided land, a house, farming tools and animals, seed, and fertilizer. tools and animals, seed, and fertilizer. Workers agreed to give the owner a share of Workers agreed to give the owner a share of the harvest. the harvest.

Tenant Farming:Tenant Farming:

Similar to sharecropping. Main difference was Similar to sharecropping. Main difference was tenants usually owned some equipment and tenants usually owned some equipment and farm animals. They also bought their own farm animals. They also bought their own seed & fertilizer. At end of year they paid seed & fertilizer. At end of year they paid landowner a set amount of cash or share of landowner a set amount of cash or share of cropcrop

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Demand on soil:Demand on soil:

Because the bankers put such high Because the bankers put such high expectations on farmers (expected expectations on farmers (expected them to grow cotton & tobacco crops them to grow cotton & tobacco crops year after year) the soil was ruinedyear after year) the soil was ruined

FarmersFarmers became poorer and poorer became poorer and poorer

CottonCotton was still the most important crop was still the most important crop in Georgiain Georgia

Demand on soil:Demand on soil:

Because the bankers put such high Because the bankers put such high expectations on farmers (expected expectations on farmers (expected them to grow cotton & tobacco crops them to grow cotton & tobacco crops year after year) the soil was ruinedyear after year) the soil was ruined

FarmersFarmers became poorer and poorer became poorer and poorer

CottonCotton was still the most important crop was still the most important crop in Georgiain Georgia

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Other businesses expanded during Other businesses expanded during Reconstruction:Reconstruction:

Industry increased because of Industry increased because of increased cotton demand (textile mills increased cotton demand (textile mills increased)increased)

Banks began to reopen due to Banks began to reopen due to increased demandincreased demand

Dry goods stores, shops, and hotels Dry goods stores, shops, and hotels reopenedreopened

Railroad traffic & shipping increased Railroad traffic & shipping increased as shipping demands grewas shipping demands grew

Other businesses expanded during Other businesses expanded during Reconstruction:Reconstruction:

Industry increased because of Industry increased because of increased cotton demand (textile mills increased cotton demand (textile mills increased)increased)

Banks began to reopen due to Banks began to reopen due to increased demandincreased demand

Dry goods stores, shops, and hotels Dry goods stores, shops, and hotels reopenedreopened

Railroad traffic & shipping increased Railroad traffic & shipping increased as shipping demands grewas shipping demands grew