reference manual volume 4: tables

Reference ManualVolume 4: Tables

Adaptive Server Enterprise

12.5

DOCUMENT ID: 36274-01-1250-02

LAST REVISED: September 2002

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Contents

iii

CHAPTER 12 System Tables ........................................................................... 1249Locations of system tables ......................................................... 1249

System tables in master ...................................................... 1249System tables in sybsecurity ............................................... 1250System table in sybsystemdb.............................................. 1250System tables in all databases............................................ 1251About the sybdiagdb database............................................ 1252About the syblicenseslog table............................................ 1252

Rules for using system tables .................................................... 1252Permissions on system tables............................................. 1252Locking schemes used for system tables............................ 1253Reserved columns............................................................... 1253Updating system tables ....................................................... 1253Triggers on system tables ................................................... 1253Aggregate functions and virtual tables ................................ 1254

sysalternates .............................................................................. 1255sysattributes ............................................................................... 1256sysauditoptions .......................................................................... 1258sysaudits_01 – sysaudits_08 ..................................................... 1259syscharsets ................................................................................ 1275syscolumns ................................................................................ 1276syscomments ............................................................................. 1278sysconfigures ............................................................................. 1279sysconstraints ............................................................................ 1281syscoordinations ........................................................................ 1282syscurconfigs ............................................................................. 1283sysdatabases ............................................................................. 1285sysdepends ................................................................................ 1288sysdevices.................................................................................. 1289sysengines ................................................................................. 1291sysgams ..................................................................................... 1292sysindexes ................................................................................. 1293sysjars ........................................................................................ 1296syskeys ...................................................................................... 1297syslanguages ............................................................................. 1298

Contents

iv

syslisteners ................................................................................ 1299syslocks...................................................................................... 1300sysloginroles .............................................................................. 1302syslogins .................................................................................... 1303syslogs ....................................................................................... 1305syslogshold ................................................................................ 1306sysmessages ............................................................................. 1307sysmonitors ................................................................................ 1308sysobjects .................................................................................. 1309syspartitions ............................................................................... 1311sysprocedures............................................................................ 1312sysprocesses ............................................................................. 1313sysprotects ................................................................................. 1315sysqueryplans ............................................................................ 1316sysreferences............................................................................. 1317sysremotelogins ......................................................................... 1318sysresourcelimits........................................................................ 1319sysroles ...................................................................................... 1320syssecmechs.............................................................................. 1321syssegments .............................................................................. 1322sysservers .................................................................................. 1323syssessions................................................................................ 1325syssrvroles ................................................................................. 1326sysstatistics ................................................................................ 1327systabstats ................................................................................. 1328systhresholds ............................................................................. 1330systimeranges ............................................................................ 1331systransactions .......................................................................... 1332systypes ..................................................................................... 1335sysusages .................................................................................. 1337sysusermessages ...................................................................... 1338sysusers ..................................................................................... 1339sysxtypes ................................................................................... 1340syblicenseslog............................................................................ 1341

CHAPTER 13 dbccdb Tables............................................................................ 1343dbccdb workspaces.................................................................... 1343dbccdb log.................................................................................. 1345dbcc_config ................................................................................ 1346dbcc_counters............................................................................ 1347dbcc_fault_params..................................................................... 1348dbcc_faults ................................................................................. 1349dbcc_operation_log.................................................................... 1350dbcc_operation_results .............................................................. 1351

Contents

v

dbcc_types ................................................................................. 1352

Index ......................................................................................................................................... 1359

Contents

vi

1249

C H A P T E R 1 2 System Tables

System tables are tables supplied by Sybase.

The topics in this chapter include:

Locations of system tablesSystem tables may be located in:

• The master database,

• The sybsecurity database,

• The sybsystemdb database, or

• All databases.

Most tables in the master database are system tables. Some of these tables also occur in user databases. They are automatically created when the create database command is issued.

System tables in masterThe following system tables occur only in the master database:

Topic PageLocations of system tables 1249

Rules for using system tables 1252

System table Contents

syscharsets One row for each character set or sort order

sysconfigures One row for each configuration parameter that can be set by users

syscurconfigs Information about configuration parameters currently being used by Adaptive Server

sysdatabases One row for each database on Adaptive Server

sysdevices One row for each tape dump device, disk dump device, disk for databases, and disk partition for databases

Locations of system tables

1250

System tables in sybsecurityThe following system tables occur only in the sybsecurity database:

System table in sybsystemdbThe following system table occurs only in the sybsystemdb database:

sysengines One row for each Adaptive Server engine currently online

syslanguages One row for each language (except U.S. English) known to the server

syslisteners One row for each type of network connection used by current Adaptive Server

syslocks Information about active locks

sysloginroles One row for each server login that possesses a system role

syslogins One row for each valid Adaptive Server user account

syslogshold Information about the oldest active transaction and the Replication Server® truncation point for each database

sysmessages One row for each system error or warning

sysmonitors One row for each monitor counter

sysprocesses Information about server processes

sysremotelogins One row for each remote user

sysresourcelimits One row for each resource limit

syssecmechs Information about the security services available for each security mechanism that is available to Adaptive Server

sysservers One row for each remote Adaptive Server

syssessions Only used when Adaptive Server is configured for Sybase’s Failover in a high availability system. syssessions contains one row for each client that connects to Adaptive Server with the failover property (for example, isql -Q)

syssrvroles One row for each server-wide role

systimeranges One row for each named time range

systransactions One row for each transaction

sysusages One row for each disk piece allocated to a database


System Table Contents

sysauditoptions One row for each global audit option

sysaudits_01 – sysaudits_08 The audit trail. Each audit table contains one row for each audit record

CHAPTER 12 System Tables

1251

System tables in all databasesThe following system tables occur in all databases:

System Table Contents

syscoordinations One row for each remote participant of a distributed transaction


sysalternates One row for each Adaptive Server user mapped to a database user

sysattributes One row for each object attribute definition

syscolumns One row for each column in a table or view, and for each parameter in a procedure

syscomments One or more rows for each view, rule, default, trigger, and procedure, giving SQL definition statement

sysconstraints One row for each referential and check constraint associated with a table or column

sysdepends One row for each procedure, view, or table that is referenced by a procedure, view, or trigger

sysgams Allocation bitmaps for an entire database

sysindexes One row for each clustered or nonclustered index, one row for each table with no indexes, and an additional row for each table containing text or image data

sysjars One row for each Java archive (JAR) file that is retained in the database. Uses row-level locking

syskeys One row for each primary, foreign, or common key; set by user (not maintained by Adaptive Server)

syslogs Transaction log

sysobjects One row for each table, view, procedure, rule, trigger default, log, and (in tempdb only) temporary object

syspartitions One row for each partition (page chain) of a partitioned table

sysprocedures One row for each view, rule, default, trigger, and procedure, giving internal definition

sysprotects User permissions information

sysqueryplans Abstract query plans and SQL text

sysreferences One row for each referential integrity constraint declared on a table or column

sysroles Maps server-wide roles to local database groups

syssegments One row for each segment (named collection of disk pieces)

sysstatistics One or more rows for each indexed column on a user table. May also contain rows for unindexed column

systabstats One row for each table, plus one row for each nonclustered index

systhresholds One row for each threshold defined for the database

systypes One row for each system-supplied and user-defined datatype

sysusermessages One row for each user-defined message

Rules for using system tables

1252

About the sybdiagdb databaseSybase Technical Support may create the sybdiagdb database on your system for debugging purposes. This database holds diagnostic configuration data for use by Technical Support representatives. It should not be used by customers.

About the syblicenseslog tableThe syblicenseslog table is described in syblicenseslog on page 1341. It is not technically a system table, but you may need to consult it for license information related to shutting down Adaptive Server.

Rules for using system tablesThis section describes rules, restrictions and usage information for system tables.

Permissions on system tablesPermissions for use of the system tables can be controlled by the database owner, just like permissions on any other tables. By default, when Adaptive Server is installed, the installmodel script grants select access to “public” (all users) for most system tables and for most fields in the tables. However, no access is given for some system tables, such as systhresholds, and no access is given for certain fields in other system tables. For example, all users, by default, can select all columns of sysobjects except audflags. To determine the current permissions for a particular system table, execute:

sp_helprotect system_table_name

For example, to check the permissions of systhresholds in my_database, execute:

sysusers One row for each user allowed in the database

sysxtypes One row for each extended, Java-SQL datatype. Uses row-level locking



1253

use my_databasegosp_helprotect systhresholdsgo

Locking schemes used for system tablesUnless noted otherwise, system tables use allpages locking.

Reserved columnsThe word “reserved” in the column description means that the column is not currently used by Adaptive Server.

Updating system tablesAll direct updates on system tables are by default not allowed —even for the database owner. Instead, Adaptive Server supplies system procedures to make any normally needed updates and additions to system tables.

You can allow direct updates to the system tables if it becomes necessary to modify them in a way that cannot be accomplished with a system procedure. To accomplish this, a System Security Officer must reset the configuration parameter called allow updates to system tables with the system procedure sp_configure. For more information, see the System Administration Guide.

There are entries in some of the master database tables that should not be altered by any user under any circumstances. For example, do not attempt to modify syslogs with a delete, update, or insert command. In addition, an attempt to delete all rows from syslogs will put Adaptive Server into an infinite loop that eventually fills up the entire database.

Triggers on system tablesYou cannot create triggers on system tables. If you try to create a trigger on a system table, Adaptive Server returns an error message and cancels the trigger.

Rules for using system tables

1254

Aggregate functions and virtual tablesAggregate functions cannot be used on virtual tables such as syslocks and sysprocesses.


1255

sysalternatesAll databases

Description sysalternates contains one row for each Adaptive Server user mapped (or aliased) to a user of the current database. When a user tries to access a database, Adaptive Server looks for a valid uid entry in sysusers. If none is found, it looks in sysalternates.suid. If the user’s suid is found there, he or she is treated as the database user whose suid is listed in sysalternates.altsuid.

On the Adaptive Server distribution media, there are no entries in sysalternates.

Columns The columns for sysalternates are:

Indexes Unique clustered index On suid.

Name Datatype Description

suid int Server user ID of user being mapped

altsuid int Server user ID of user to whom another user is mapped

sysattributes

1256

sysattributesAll databases

Description System attributes define properties of objects such as databases, tables, indexes, users, logins, and procedures. sysattributes contains one row for each of an object’s attribute definitions (configured by various system procedures). master..sysattributes defines the complete set of valid attribute values and classes for Adaptive Server as a whole. It also stores attribute definitions for server-wide objects, such as databases and logins.

sysattributes should only be accessed indirectly using system procedures. The permissions required for modifying sysattributes depend on the system procedure you use.

Columns The columns for sysattributes are:


class smallint The attribute class ID. This describes the category of the attribute. In master..sysattributes, the special class 1 identifies all valid attributes for Adaptive Server. Class 0 identifies valid classes of attributes.

attribute smallint The attribute ID.

object_type char(2) A one- or two-letter character ID that defines the type of object to associate with the attribute.

object_cinfo varchar(30) null

A string identifier for the object (for example, the name of an application). This field is not used by all attributes.

object int null The object identifier. This may be an object ID, user ID, or database ID, depending on the type of object. If the object is a part of a table (for example, an index), then this column contains the object ID of the associated table.

object_info1 int null Defines additional information required to identify the object. This field is not used by all attributes. The contents of this field depend on the attribute that is defined.



int_value int null An integer value for the attribute (for example, the display level of a user).

char_value varchar(255) null

A character value for the attribute (for example, a cache name).

text_value text null A text value for the attribute.

image_value image null An image value for the attribute.

comments varchar(255) null

Comments or additional information about the attribute definition.


1257

Indexes Unique clustered index On class, attribute, object_type, object, object_info1, object_info2, object_info3, object_cinfo.

Nonclustered index On object_type, object, object_info1, object_info2, object_info3, object_cinfo.

sysauditoptions

1258

sysauditoptionssybsecurity database

Description sysauditoptions contains one row for each server-wide audit option and indicates the current setting for that option. Other types of auditing option settings are stored in other tables. For example, database-specific option settings are stored in sysdatabases, and object-specific option settings are stored in sysobjects. The default value for each option is 0, or “off.” sysauditoptions can be accessed only by System Security Officers.

Columns The columns for sysauditoptions are:


num smallint Number of the server-wide option.

val smallint Current value; one of the following:

0 = off1 = pass2 = fail3 = on

minval smallint Minimum valid value for this option.

maxval smallint Maximum valid value for this option.

name varchar(30) Name of option.

sval varchar(30) String equivalent of the current value: for example, “on”, “off”, “nonfatal”.

comment varchar(255) Description of option.


1259

sysaudits_01 – sysaudits_08sybsecurity database

Description These system tables contain the audit trail. Only one table at a time is active. The active table is determined by the value of the current audit table configuration parameter. An installation can have up to eight audit tables. For example, if your installation has three audit tables, the tables are named sysaudits_01, sysaudits_02, and sysaudits_03. An audit table contains one row for each audit record.

Columns The columns for sysaudits_01 – sysaudits_08 are:

The extrainfo column contains a sequence of items separated by semicolons as shown in Table 12-1:

Table 12-1: Items in the extrainfo column


event smallint Type of event being audited. See Table 12-2 on page 1260.

eventmod smallint Further information about the event. Possible values are:

0 = no modifier for this event1 = the event passed permission checking2 = the event failed permission checking

spid smallint Server process ID of the process that caused the audit record to be written.

eventtime datetime Date and time of the audited event.

sequence smallint Sequence number of the record within a single event; some events require more than one audit record.

suid smallint Server login ID of the user who performed the audited event.

dbid int null Database ID in which the audited event occurred or the object/stored procedure/trigger resides, depending on the type of event.

objid int null ID of the accessed object or stored procedure/trigger.

xactid binary(6) null ID of the transaction containing the audited event. For a multi-database transaction, this is the transaction ID from the database where the transaction originated.

loginname varchar(30) null Login name corresponding to the suid.

dbname varchar(30) null Database name corresponding to the dbid.

objname varchar(30) null Object name corresponding to the objid.

objowner varchar(30) null Name of the owner of objid.

extrainfo varchar(255) null Additional information about the audited event. This field contains a sequence of items separated by semicolons. See Table 12-1.

Item Contents

Roles Lists the roles that are active. The roles are separated by blanks.

sysaudits_01 – sysaudits_08

1260

An example of an extrainfo column for the security-relevant event of changing an auditing configuration parameter might be:

sso_role;suspend auditing when full;1;0;;;;

This extrainfo column indicates that a System Security Officer changed the configuration parameter suspend auditing when full from 1 (suspend all processes that involve an auditing event) to 0 (truncate the next audit table and make it the current audit table). The other columns in the audit record give other pertinent information. For example, the record contains the server user id (suid) and the login name (loginname).

The event column values that pertain to each audit event are listed in Table 12-2.

Table 12-2: Values in event and extrainfo column

Subcommand The name of the subcommand or command option that was used for the event. For example, for the alter table command, the options add column or drop constraint might be used. Multiple subcommands or options are separated by commas.

Previous value The value prior to the update if the event resulted in the update of a value.

Current value The new value if the event resulted in the update of a value.

Other information Additional security-relevant information that is recorded for the event.

Proxy information The original login name, if the event occurred while a set proxy was in effect.

Principal information The principal name from the underlying security mechanism, if the user’s login is the secure default login, and the user logged into Adaptive Server via unified login. The value of this field is NULL, if the secure default login is not being used.

Item Contents

Event Audit optionCommand or access audited extrainfo

1 adhoc User-defined audit record

extrainfo is filled by the text parameter of sp_addauditrecord

2 alter alter database • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand– ALTER SIZE

• Previous value – NULL

• Current value – NULL

• Other information – NULL

• Proxy information – Original login name, if a set proxy is in effect


1261

3 alter alter table • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – ADD COLUMN, REPLACE COLUMN, ADD CONSTRAINT, or DROP CONSTRAINT





4 bcp bcp in • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – NULL




• Proxy information – Original login name, if set proxy in effect

6 bind sp_bindefault • Roles – Current active roles




• Other information – Name of default


7 bind sp_bindmsg • Roles – Current active roles




• Other information – Message ID


8 bind sp_bindrule • Roles – Current active roles




• Other information – Name of the rule




1262

9 create create database • Roles – Current active roles






10 create create table • Roles – Current active roles






11 create create procedure • Roles – Current active roles






12 create create trigger • Roles – Current active roles






13 create create rule • Roles – Current active roles








1263

14 create create default • Roles – Current active roles






15 create sp_addmessage • Roles – Current active roles




• Other information – Message Number


16 create create view • Roles – Current active roles






17 dbaccess Any access to the database by any user

• Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – USE CMD or OUTSIDE REFERENCE





18 delete delete from a table


• Subcommand – DELETE







1264

19 delete delete from a view


• Subcommand – DELETE





20 disk disk init • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – disk init



• Other information – Name of the disk


21 disk disk refit • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – disk refit





22 disk disk reinit • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – disk reinit





23 disk disk mirror • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – disk mirror







1265

24 disk disk unmirror • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – disk unmirror





25 disk disk remirror • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – disk remirror





26 drop drop database • Roles – Current active roles






27 drop drop table • Roles – Current active roles






28 drop drop procedure • Roles – Current active roles








1266

29 drop drop trigger • Roles – Current active roles






30 drop drop rule • Roles – Current active roles






31 drop drop default • Roles – Current active roles






32 drop sp_dropmessage • Roles – Current active roles




• Other information – Message number


33 drop drop view • Roles – Current active roles





34 dump dump database • Roles – Current active roles








1267

35 dump dump transaction • Roles – Current active roles






36 errors Fatal error • Roles – Current active roles




• Other information – Error number.Severity.State


37 errors Non-fatal error • Roles – Current active roles




• Other information – Error number.Severity.State


38 exec_procedure Execution of a procedure





• Other information – All input parameters


39 exec_trigger Execution of a trigger









1268

40 grant grant • Roles – Current active roles






41 insert insert into a table • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand

• If insert – INSERT

• If select into – INSERT INTO followed by the fully qualified object name





42 insert insert into a view • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – INSERT





43 load load database • Roles – Current active roles






44 load load transaction • Roles – Current active roles








1269

45 login Any login to Adaptive Server





• Other information – Host name of the machine from which login was done


46 logout Any logouts from Adaptive Server





• Other information – Host name of the machine from which login was done


47 revoke revoke • Roles – Current active roles






48 rpc Remote procedure call from another server


• Subcommand – Name of client program



• Other information – Server name, host name of the machine from which the RPC was done.


49 rpc Remote procedure call to another server


• Subcommand – Procedure name







1270

50 security Server start • Roles – Current active roles




• Other information

-dmasterdevicename-iinterfaces file path-Sservername-eerrorfilename


51 security Server shutdown • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – shutdown





55 security Role toggling • Roles – Current active roles


• Previous value – “on” or “off”

• Current value – “on” or “off”

• Other information – Name of the role being set


61 table_access Table access • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – SELECT, SELECT INTO, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, REFERENCE, READTEXT, or WRITETEXT





62 select select from a table


• Subcommand – SELECT INTO, SELECT, or READTEXT







1271

63 select select from a view


• Subcommand – SELECT, SELECT INTO, or READTEXT





64 truncate truncate table • Roles – Current active roles






67 unbind sp_unbindefault • Roles – Current active roles






68 unbind sp_unbindrule • Roles – Current active roles






69 unbind sp_unbindmsg • Roles – Current active roles








1272

70 update update to a table • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – UPDATE or WRITETEXT





71 update update to a view • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – UPDATE or WRITETEXT





73Note This event is audited automatically. It is not controlled by an audit option.

Turning the auditing parameter on with sp_configure







74Note This event is audited automatically. It is not controlled by an audit option.

Turning the auditing parameter off with sp_configure







76 security Regeneration of a password by a System Security Officer (SSO)


• Subcommand – Setting SSO password



• Other information – Login name




1273

80 security proc_role within a system procedure





• Other information – Required roles


81 dbcc dbcc • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – The dbcc subcommand name





82 security sp_configure • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – Name of the configuration parameter

• Previous value – Old parameter value if command is setting a new value

• Current value – New parameter value if command is setting a new value

• Other information – Number of configuration parameter, if a parameter is being set; name of configuration file, if a configuration file is being used to set parameters


83 security online database • Roles – Current active roles






84 setuser setuser • Roles – Current active roles




• Other information – Name of the user being set




1274

85 func_obj_access, func_dbaccess

Accesses to objects and databases via Transact-SQL functions







85 security valid_user • Roles – Current active roles

• Subcommand – valid_user





88 security set proxy or set session authorization



• Previous value – Previous suid

• Current value – New suid


• Proxy information – Original login name, if set proxy or set session authorization had no parameters; otherwise, NULL.

92 cmdtxt All actions of a particular user, or by users with a particular role









1275

syscharsetsmaster database only

Description syscharsets contains one row for each character set and sort order defined for use by Adaptive Server. One of the sort orders is marked in master..sysconfigures as the default sort order, which is the only one actually in use.

Columns The columns for syscharsets are:

Indexes Unique clustered index On id, csid, type

Unique nonclustered index On name


type smallint The type of entity this row represents. Numbers from 1001 to 1999 represent character sets. Numbers from 2000 to 2999 represent sort orders.

id tinyint The ID for a character set or sort order. A sort order is defined by the combination of the sort order ID and the character set ID (csid). The character set is defined by id, which must be unique. Sybase reserves ID numbers 0–200.

csid tinyint If the row represents a character set, this field is unused. If the row represents a sort order, this is the ID of the character set that sort order is built on. A character set row with this ID must exist in this table.

status smallint Internal system status information bits.

name varchar(30) A unique name for the character set or sort order. Must contain only the 7-bit ASCII letters A-Z or a-z, digits 0-9, and underscores (_), and begin with a letter.

description varchar(255) An optional description of the features of the character set or sort order.

definition image The internal definition of the character set or sort order. The structure of the data in this field depends on the type.

sortfile varchar(30) null The name of the sort order file.

syscolumns

1276

syscolumnsAll databases

Description syscolumns contains one row for every column in every table and view, and a row for each parameter in a procedure.

Columns The columns for syscolumns are:


id int ID of table to which this column belongs or of procedure with which this parameter is associated

number smallint Sub-procedure number when the procedure is grouped (0 for non-procedure entries)

colid smallint Column ID

status tinyint Bits 0–2 (values 1, 2, and 4) indicate bit positioning if the column uses the bit datatype. If the column uses the text/image datatype, bits 0 and 1 indicate replication status as follows:

• 01 = always replicate

• 10 = replicate only if changed

• 00 = never replicate

Bit 3 (value 8) indicates whether NULL values are legal in this column.

Bit 4 (value 16) indicates whether more than one check constraint exists for the column.

Bits 5 and 6 are used internally.

Bit 7 (value 128) indicates an identity column.

Bit 8 is unused.

type tinyint Physical storage type; copied from systypes

length int Physical length of data; copied from systypes or supplied by user

offset smallint Offset into the row where this column appears; if negative, this is a variable-length column

usertype smallint User type ID; copied from systypes

cdefault int ID of the procedure that generates default value for this column

domain int Constraint ID of the first rule or check constraint for this column

name sysname Column name

printfmt varchar(255) null

Reserved

prec tinyint null Number of significant digits

scale tinyint null Number of digits to the right of the decimal point


1277

Indexes Unique clustered index On id, number, colid

remote_type int null Maps local names to remote names. Required by the access methods of Component Integration Services to allow the software to pass native column datatype information in parameters to servers of class access_server.

remote_name varchar(30) null

Maps local names to remote names. Required by the access methods of Component Integration Services to construct a query using the proper column names for a remote table.

xstatus int null The status of a column with extended datatypes. The values are:

• 0 = in row

• 1 = off row

xstatus is NULL for columns that do not have an extended datatype.

xtype int null ID of the class.

Used if a column in a table or a parameter in a procedure has a Java class as its datatype. When used, fields are not NULL, and the value of type is 0x39. Refer to Java in Adaptive Server Enterprise for more information.

xdbid int null The database ID of the class. For system classes, the value is -1. Otherwise, the value is the current database ID.

Used if a column in a table or a parameter in a procedure has a Java class as its datatype. Fields are not NULL, and the value of type is 0x39. Refer to Java in Adaptive Server Enterprise for more information.

accessrule int null The object ID of the access rule in sysprocedures. See “Row-level access control“ in Chapter 11, “Managing User Permissions” of the System Administration Guide for more information.

status2 int Indicates parameter mode of a SQLJ stored procedure, and the return type of a SQLJ function.


syscomments

1278

syscommentsAll databases

Description syscomments contains entries for each view, rule, default, trigger, table constraint, and procedure. The text column contains the original definition statements. If the text column is longer than 255 bytes, the entries will span rows. Each object can occupy up to 65,025 rows.

Columns The columns for syscomments are:

Note Do not delete the definition statements from the text column of syscomments. These statements are required for the Adaptive Server upgrade process. To encrypt a definition statement, run the system procedure sp_hidetext. To see if a statement created in release 11.5 or later was deleted, run sp_checksource. If the statement was deleted, you must either recreate the object that created the statement or reinstall the application that created the object, which will re-create the statement.

You can protect the text of a database object against unauthorized access by restricting select permission on the text column of the syscomments table to the owner of the object and the System Administrator. This restriction, which applies to direct access through select statements as well as access through stored procedures, is required in order to run Adaptive Server in the evaluated configuration. To enact this restriction, a System Security Officer must reset the parameter called allow select on syscomments.text column with the system procedure sp_configure. For information, see the System Administration Guide.

Indexes Unique clustered index On id, number, icolid2, colid, texttype


id int Object ID to which this text applies


colid smallint Sequence of 255 rows for the object

texttype smallint 0 for system-supplied comment (for views, rules, defaults, triggers, and procedures); 1 for user-supplied comment (users can add entries that describe an object or column)

language smallint Reserved

text varchar(255) null

Actual text of SQL definition statement

colid2 smallint Indicates next sequence of rows for the object (see colid above); object can have up to 255 sequences of 255 rows each

status smallint null


1279

sysconfiguresmaster database only

Description sysconfigures contains one row for each configuration parameter that can be set by the user.

Columns The columns for sysconfigures are:

Table 12-3 provides information about the status column.

Table 12-3: Status column description


config smallint Configuration parameter number.

value int The user-modifiable value for the parameter with integer datatype. Its value is 0 for the parameters with character datatype.

comment varchar(255) Name of the configuration parameter.

status int Value that represents the type of configuration parameter. For details see Table 12-3.

name varchar(80) null

Name of the configuration parameter (the same value as comment).

parent smallint null Configuration parameter number of the parent; if more than one parent, the additional parent numbers are stored in sysattributes.

value2 varchar(255) null

The user-modified value for the parameter with the character datatype. Its value is NULL for parameters with integer datatype. It is also used to store the pool size of a buffer pool.

value3 int null Stores the wash size of a buffer pool.

value4 int null Stores the asynchronous prefetch percents of a buffer pool.

Status type Value Description

CFG_NO_OPTIONS 0x0 Parameter has no options.

CFG_SYSTEM_OPTION 0x01 Parameter is a system option.

CFG_SYSTEM_GROUP 0x02 Parameter is a system group.

CFG_STATIC 0x04 Parameter is static.

CFG_DYNAMIC 0x08 Parameter is dynamic.

CFG_CALCULATED 0x10 Parameter is calculated.

CFG_READONLY 0x20 Parameter is readonly.

CFG_MEMORY_USED 0x40 Parameter consumes memory.

CFG_CONFIG_FILE 0x80 Parameter is externally visible.

CFG_SYSTEM_TAB 0x100 Parameter is only externally visible in system table.

CFG_EXTRAS_OPTION 0x200 Parameter is for CFG_EXTRAS not DS_CONFIG.

CFG_CFGBLK 0x400 Parameter is stored in the configuration block.

CFG_CACHE_GROUP 0x800 Parameter is a cache group.

sysconfigures

1280

Indexes Unique clustered index On name, parent, config

Nonclustered index On config, config

CFG_CACHE_OPTION 0x1000 Parameter is a cache option.

CFG_BUFFER_POOL_GROUP 0x2000 Parameter is a buffer pool group.

CFG_BUFFER_POOL_OPTION 0x4000 Parameter is a buffer pool option.

CFG_INTERNAL 0x8000 Parameter is for internal use only.

CFG_FNOF_LPAGESIZE 0x100000 Parameter entry depends on logical pagesize.

Status type Value Description


1281

sysconstraintsAll databases

Description sysconstraints has one row for each referential constraint and check constraint associated with a table or column.

Whenever a user declares a new check constraint or referential constraint using create table or alter table, Adaptive Server inserts a row into the sysconstraints table. The row remains until a user executes alter table to drop the constraint. Dropping a table by executing drop table removes all rows associated with that table from the sysconstraints table.

Columns The columns for sysconstraints are:

Indexes Clustered index On tableid, colid

Unique nonclustered index On constrid


colid smallint Column number in the table

spare1 tinyint Unused

constrid int Object ID of the constraint

tableid int ID of the table on which the constraint is declared

error int Constraint specific error message

status int The type of constraint:

• 0x0040 = a referential constraint

• 0x0080 = a check constraint

spare2 int Unused

syscoordinations

1282

syscoordinationssybsystemdb database only

Description syscoordinations contains information about remote Adaptive Servers participating in distributed transactions (remote participants) and their coordination states.

Columns The columns for syscoordinations are:

Table 12-4 lists the values for the state column:

Table 12-4: syscoordinations state values

Indexes Unique clustered index On xactkey, participant, owner


participant smallint Participant ID

starttime datetime Date the transaction started

coordtype tinyint Value indicating the coordination method or protocol in the systransactions table definition

owner tinyint Row owner (for internal use)

protocol smallint Reserved for internal use

state smallint Value indicating the current state of the remote participant (see Table 12-4)

bootcount int Reserved for internal use

dbid smallint Database ID at the start of the transaction.

logvers tinyint Reserved for internal use

spare smallint Reserved for internal use

status tinyint Reserved for internal use

xactkey binary(14) Unique Adaptive Server transaction key

gtrid varchar(255) Global transaction ID for distributed transactions coordinated by Adaptive Server (reserved for internal use)

partdata varbinary(255) Reserved for internal use

srvname varchar(30) Name of local server (null for remote servers)

state value Participant state

1 Begun

4 Prepared

7 Committed

9 In Abort Tran


1283

syscurconfigsmaster database only

Description syscurconfigs is built dynamically when queried. It contains an entry for each of the configuration parameters, as does sysconfigures, but with the current values rather than the default values. In addition, it contains four rows that describe the configuration structure.

Columns The columns for syscurconfigs are:


config smallint Configuration parameter number.

value int The current run value for the parameter with integer datatype. Its value is 0 for the parameters with character datatype.

comment varchar(255) Amount of memory used by each configuration parameter, represented in a string format. Values marked with a hash mark (#) share memory with other parameters.

status int Either of the following:

• 1 – dynamic

• 0 – parameter takes effect when Adaptive Server is restarted

value2 varchar(255) The current run value for the parameter with the character datatype. Its value is NULL for parameters with the integer datatype.

defvalue varchar(255) Default value of the configuration parameter.

minimum_value int Minimum value of the configuration parameter.

maximum_value int Maximum value of the configuration parameter.

memory_used int Integer value for the amount of memory used by each configuration parameter.

display_level int Display level of the configuration parameter. The values are 1, 5, and 10.

datatype int Datatype of the configuration parameter.

message_num varchar(20) Message number of the sp_helpconfig message for this configuration parameter.

apf_percent varchar(10) The current run value for the asynchronous prefetch percent for a buffer pool. Valid only for rows that represent buffer pools.

syscurconfigs

1284

unit varchar(20) Unit of the parameter. Values are:

• not applicable – parameter has no units

• number – number of items

• clock ticks – number of clock ticks

• microseconds

• milliseconds

• seconds

• minutes

• hours

• days

• bytes

• kilobytes

• megabytes

• memory pages (2k)

• virtual pages (2k)

• logical pages

• percent

• ratio

• switch – a Boolean value

• id – ID number

• name

• rows

type varchar(10) Specifies whether a configuration parameter is declared dynamic or static in its structure definition. Values are:

• dynamic – takes effect immediately

• static – takes effect after restarting Adaptive Server



1285

sysdatabasesmaster database only

Description sysdatabases contains one row for each database in Adaptive Server. When Adaptive Server is installed, sysdatabases contains entries for the master database, the model database, the sybsystemprocs database, and the tempdb database. If you have installed auditing, it also contains an entry for the sybsecurity database.

Columns The columns for sysdatabases are:

Table 12-5 lists the bit representations for the status column.


name sysname Name of the database

dbid smallint Database ID

suid int Server user ID of database owner

status smallint Control bits; those that the user can set with sp_dboption are so indicated in Table 12-5

version smallint Unused

logptr int Pointer to transaction log

crdate datetime Creation date

dumptrdate datetime Date of the last dump transaction

status2 intn Additional control bits. See Table 12-6

audflags intn Audit settings for database

deftabaud intn Bit-mask that defines default audit settings for tables

defvwaud intn Bit-mask that defines default audit settings for views

defpraud intn Bit-mask that defines default audit settings for stored procedures

def_remote_type smallint Identifies the default object type to be used for remote tables if no storage location is provided via the stored procedure sp_addobjectdef

def_remote_loc varchar(255) Identifies the default storage location to be used for remote tables if no storage location is provided via the stored procedure sp_addobjectdef

status3 intn Additional control bits.

status4 intn Additional control bits.

sysdatabases

1286

Table 12-5: status control bits in the sysdatabases table

Table 12-6 lists the bit representations for the status2 column.

Table 12-6: status2 control bits in the sysdatabases table

Decimal Hex Status

4 0x04 • select into/bulkcopy

• Can be set by user

8 0x08 • trunc log on chkpt


16 0x10 • no chkpt on recovery


32 0x20 Database created with for load option, or crashed while loading database, instructs recovery not to proceed

256 0x100 • Database suspect

• Not recovered

• Cannot be opened or used

• Can be dropped only with dbcc dbrepair

512 0x200 • ddl in tran


1024 0x400 • read only


2048 0x800 • dbo use only


4096 0x1000 • single user


8192 0x2000 • allow nulls by default


Decimal Hex Status

1 0x0001 abort tran on log full; can be set by user

2 0x0002 no free space acctg; can be set by user

4 0x0004 auto identity; can be set by user

8 0x0008 identity in nonunique index; can be set by user

16 0x0010 Database is offline

32 0x0020 Database is offline until recovery completes

64 0x0040 Internal use – Database is being recovered

128 0x0080 Database has suspect pages

256† 0x0100 Table structure written to disk


1287

† If this bit appears after recovery completes, the server may be under-configured for open databases. Use sp_configure to increase this parameter.

Indexes Unique clustered index On name

Unique nonclustered index On dbid

512 0x0200 Database is in the process of being upgraded

1024 0x0400 Database brought online for standby access

-32768 0xFFFF8000 Database has some portion of the log which is not on a log-only device

Decimal Hex Status

sysdepends

1288

sysdependsAll databases

Description sysdepends contains one row for each procedure, view, or table that is referenced by a procedure, view, or trigger.

Columns The columns for sysdepends are:

Indexes Unique clustered index On id, number, depid, depnumber


id int Object ID

number smallint Procedure number

depid int Dependent object ID

depnumber smallint Dependent procedure number

status smallint Internal status information

selall bit On if object is used in select * statement

resultobj bit On if object is being updated

readobj bit On if object is being read


1289

sysdevicesmaster database only

Description sysdevices contains one row for each tape dump device, disk dump device, disk for databases, and disk partition for databases. There are four entries in sysdevices in the Adaptive Server distribution media: one for the master device (for databases), one for a disk dump device, and two for tape dump devices.

Columns The columns for sysdevices are:

The bit representations for the status column, shown below, are additive. For example, “3” indicates a physical disk that is also a default.

Table 12-7: Bit representations for the status column.


low int Not used for dump devices – First virtual page number on database device

high int Last virtual page number on database device or dump device

status smallint Bitmap indicating type of device, default and mirror status. See Table 12-7.

cntrltype smallint Controller type:

• database device=0

• disk dump device or streaming tape=2

• tape dump device=3–8

name sysname Logical name of dump device or database device

phyname varchar(127) Name of physical device

mirrorname varchar(127) Name of mirror device

Decimal Hex Status

1 0x01 Default disk

2 0x02 Physical disk

4 0x04 Not used – Logical disk

8 0x08 Skip header

16 0x10 Dump device

32 0x20 Serial writes

64 0x40 Device mirrored

128 0x80 Reads mirrored

256 0x100 Secondary mirror side only

512 0x200 Mirror enabled

1024 0x400 Master device is mirrored

2048 0x800 Used internally – Mirror disabled

sysdevices

1290


4096 0x1000 Used internally – Primary device needs to be unmirrored

8192 0x2000 Used internally – Secondary device needs to be unmirrored

16384 0x4000 UNIX file device uses dsync setting (writes occur directly to physical media)

Decimal Hex Status


1291

sysenginesmaster database only

Description sysengines contains one row for each Adaptive Server engine currently online.

Columns The columns for sysengines are:


engine smallint Engine number

osprocid int Operating system process ID (may be NULL)

osprocname char(32) Operating system process name (may be NULL)

status char One of: online, in offline, in create, in destroy, debug, bad status

affinitied int Number of Adaptive Server processes with affinity to this engine

cur_kpid int Kernel process ID of process currently running on this engine, if any

last_kpid int Kernel process ID of process that previously ran on this engine

idle_1 tinyint Reserved




starttime datetime Date and time engine came online

status char(12) Internal system status information.

sysgams

1292

sysgamsAll databases

Description sysgams stores the global allocation map (GAM) for the database. The GAM stores a bitmap for all allocation units of a database, with one bit per allocation unit. You cannot select from or view sysgams.


1293

sysindexesAll databases

Description sysindexes contains one row for each clustered index, one row for each nonclustered index, one row for each table that has no clustered index, and one row for each table that contains text or image columns.

Columns The columns for sysindexes are:


name sysname Index or table name

id int ID of a table, or ID of table to which index belongs

indid smallint • 0 if a table

• 1 if a clustered index on an allpages-locked table

• >1 if a nonclustered index or a clustered index on a data-only-locked table

• 255 if text, image or Java off-row structure (LOB structure)

doampg int Page number for the object allocation map of a table

ioampg int Page number for the allocation map of an index or (LOB structure)

oampgtrips int Number of times OAM pages cycle in the cache without being re-used, before being flushed

status2 smallint Internal system status information (see Table 12-9)

ipgtrips int Number of times index pages cycle in the cache, without being reused, before being flushed

first int If indid is 0 or 1, page number of the first data page. If indid is between 2 and 250, page number of first leaf-level index page.

root int If indid is 0 and table is an unpartitioned allpages-locked table, page number of last page of page chain; unused for other types of pages. If indid is between 1 and 250, page number of root of index tree.

distribution int Unused. Formerly used to store the page number of the distribution page for an index.

usagecnt smallint Reserved

segment smallint Number of segment in which object resides

status smallint Internal system status information (see Table 12-9)

maxrowsperpage smallint Maximum number of rows per page

minlen smallint Minimum size of a row

maxlen smallint Maximum size of a row

maxirow smallint Maximum size of a non-leaf index row

keycnt smallint Number of keys for a clustered index on an allpages-locked table; number of keys, plus 1 for all other indexes

keys1 varbinary(255) Description of key columns if entry is an index

sysindexes

1294

Table 12-8 lists the bit representations for the status column.

Table 12-8: Status bits in the sysindexes table status column

Table 12-9 lists the bit representations for the status2 column.

Table 12-9: Status bits in the sysindexes table status2 column


soid tinyint Sort order ID that the index was created with; 0 if there is no character data in the keys

csid tinyint Character set ID that the index was created with; 0 if there is no character data in the keys

base_partition int Partition number, incremented by alter table...unpartition commands

fill_factor smallint Value for the fillfactor of a table set with sp_chgattribute

res_page_gap smallint Value for the reservepagegap on a table

exp_rowsize smallint Expected size of data rows


identitygap intn Identity gap for a table



Decimal Hex Status

1 0x1 Abort current command or trigger if attempt to insert duplicate key

2 0x2 Unique index

4 0x4 Abort current command or trigger if attempt to insert duplicate row; always 0 for data-only-locked tables

16 0x10 Clustered index

64 0x40 Index allows duplicate rows, if an allpages-locked table; always 0 for data-only-locked tables

128 0x80 Sorted object; not set for tables without clustered indexes or for text objects

512 0x200 sorted data option used in create index statement

2048 0x800 Index on primary key

32768 0x8000 Suspect index; index was created under another sort order

Decimal Hex Status

1 0x1 Index supports foreign key constraint

2 0x2 Index supports primary key/unique declarative constraint

4 0x4 Index includes an IDENTITY column

8 0x8 Constraint name not specified

16 0x10 Large I/Os (prefetch) not enabled for table, index, or text chain

32 0x20 MRU cache strategy not enabled for table, index, or text chain


1295

Indexes Unique clustered index On id, indid

64 0x40 Ascending inserts turned on for the table

256 0x0100 Index is presorted and does not need to be copied to new extents

512 0x0200 Table is a data-only-locked table with a clustered index

8192 0x2000 Index on a data-only-locked table is suspect

Decimal Hex Status

sysjars

1296

sysjarsAll databases

Description sysjars contains one row for each Java archive (JAR) file that is retained in the database. Uses row-level locking.

For more information about JAR files, Java classes, and Java datatypes, see Java in Adaptive Server Enterprise.

Columns The columns for sysjars are:

Indexes Unique placement index On jid

Unique nonclustered index On jname


sensitivity sensitivity Used by the Secure Adaptive Server.

jid int The ID of the JAR.

jstatus int Internal status information. Unused.

jname varchar(255) The JAR name.

jbinary image The contents of the JAR: the Java classes.


1297

syskeysAll databases

Description syskeys contains one row for each primary, foreign, or common key.

Columns The columns for syskeys are:

Indexes Clustered index On id


id int Object ID

type smallint Record type

depid int Dependent object ID

keycnt int Number of non-null keys

size int Reserved

key1 ... key8 smallint Column ID

depkey1 ... depkey8 smallint Column ID

spare1 smallint Reserved

syslanguages

1298

syslanguagesmaster database only

Description syslanguages contains one row for each language known to Adaptive Server. us_english is not in syslanguages, but it is always available to Adaptive Server.

Columns The columns for syslanguages are:

Indexes Unique clustered index On langid

Unique nonclustered index On alias, name


langid smallint Unique language ID

dateformat char(3) Date order; for example, “dmy”

datefirst tinyint First day of the week—1 for Monday, 2 for Tuesday, and so on, up to 7 for Sunday

upgrade int Adaptive Server version of last upgrade for this language

name varchar(30) Official language name, for example, “french”

alias varchar(30) Alternate language name, for example, “français”

months varchar(251) Comma-separated list of full-length month names, in order from January to December—each name is at most 20 characters long

shortmonths varchar(119) Comma-separated list of shortened month names, in order from January to December—each name is at most 9 characters long

days varchar(216) Comma-separated list of day names, in order from Monday to Sunday—each name is at most 30 characters long


1299

syslistenersmaster database only

Description syslisteners contains a row for each network protocol available for connecting with the current Adaptive Server. Adaptive Server builds syslisteners dynamically when a user or client application queries the table.

Columns The columns for syslisteners are:


net_type char(32) Network protocol

address_info char(255) Information that uniquely identifies this Adaptive Server on the network, usually the name of the current Adaptive Server and an identifying number, such as the server’s port number for the protocol

syslocks

1300

syslocksmaster database only

Description syslocks contains information about active locks. It is built dynamically when queried by a user. No updates to syslocks are allowed.

Columns The columns for syslocks are:

Table 12-10 lists the bit representations for the type column.

Table 12-10: type control bits in the syslocks table

Table 12-11 lists the values for the fid column:


id int Table ID


page int Page number

type smallint Type of lock (bit values for the type column are listed in Table 12-10)

spid smallint ID of process that holds the lock

class varchar(30) Name of the cursor this lock is associated with, if any

fid smallint The family (coordinating process and its worker processes) to which the lock belongs. fid values are listed in Table 12-11.

context tinyint Context type of lock request. context values are listed in Table 12-12.

row smallint Row number

loid int Unique lock owner ID

Decimal Hex Status

1 0x1 Exclusive table lock

2 0x2 Shared table lock

3 0x3 Exclusive intent lock

4 0x4 Shared intent lock

5 0x5 Exclusive page lock

6 0x6 Shared page lock

7 0x7 Update page lock

8 0x8 Exclusive row lock

9 0x9 Shared row lock

10 0xA Update row lock

11 0xB Shared next key lock

256 0x100 Lock is blocking another process

512 0x200 Demand lock


1301

Table 12-11: fid column values in the syslocks table

Table 12-12 lists the values for the context column:

Table 12-12: context column values in the syslocks table

Value Interpretation

0 The task represented by the spid is a single task executing a statement in serial.

Nonzero The task (spid) holding the lock is a member of a family executing a statement in parallel.

If the value is equal to the spid, it indicates that the task is the coordinating process in a family executing a query in parallel.

Value Interpretation

null The task holding this lock is either executing a query in serial, or it is a query being executed in parallel in transaction isolation level 1.

0x1 The task holding the lock will hold the lock until the query is complete. A lock’s context may be FAM_DUR (0x1H) when:

• The lock is a table lock held as part of a parallel query.

• The lock is held by a worker process at transaction isolation level 3.

• The lock is held by a worker process in a parallel query and must be held for the duration of the transaction.

0x2 Range lock held by serializable read task

0x4 Infinity key lock

0x8 Lock acquired on an index pages of an allpages-locked table

0x10 Lock on a page or row acquired to delete a row

0x20 Address lock acquired on an index page during a shrink or split operation

0x40 Intent lock held by a transaction performing repeatable reads. Valid only for shared intent and exclusive intent locks on data-only locked tables.

sysloginroles

1302

sysloginrolesmaster database only

Description sysloginroles contains a row for each instance of a server login possessing a system role. One row is added for each role granted to each login. For example, if a single server user is granted “sa_role”, “sso_role”, and “oper_role”, three rows are added to sysloginroles associated with that user’s system user ID (suid).

Columns The columns for sysloginroles are:

Indexes Clustered index On suid


suid int Server user ID

srid int Server role ID; one of the following:

• 0 = sa_role

• 1 = sso_role

• 2 = oper_role

• 4 = navigator_role

• 5 = replication_role

status smallint Reserved


1303

sysloginsmaster database only

Description syslogins contains one row for each valid Adaptive Server user account.

Columns The columns for syslogins are:

On the Adaptive Server distribution media, syslogins contains an entry in which the name is “sa”, the suid is 1, and the password is null. It also contains the entry “probe” with an unpublished password. The login “probe” and the user “probe” exist for the two phase commit probe process, which uses a challenge and response mechanism to access Adaptive Server.

Table 12-13 lists the bit representations for the status column:


suid int Server user ID

status smallint Status of the account (see Table 12-13)

accdate datetimn Date totcpu and totio were last cleared

totcpu int CPU time accumulated by login

totio int I/O accumulated by login

spacelimit int Reserved

timelimit int Reserved

resultlimit int Reserved

dbname sysname Name of database in which to put user when connection established

name sysname Login name of user

password varbinary(30) Password of user (encrypted)

language varchar(30) User’s default language

pwdate datetime Date the password was last changed

audflags int User’s audit settings

fullname varchar(30) Full name of the user

srvname varchar(30) Name of server to which a passthrough connection must be established if the AUTOCONNECT flag is turned on.

logincount smallint Number of failed login attempts; reset to 0 by a successful login.

procid int Stores the login trigger registered with the login script option in sp_modifylogin.

syslogins

1304

Table 12-13: status control bits in the syslogins table

Indexes Unique clustered index On suid

Unique nonclustered index On name

Decimal Hex Status

1 0x1 Password contains fewer than 6 characters or is NULL

2 0x2 Account is locked

4 0x4 Password has expired


1305

syslogsAll databases

Description syslogs contains the transaction log. It is used by Adaptive Server for recovery and roll forward. It is not useful to users.

You cannot delete from, insert into, or update syslogs. Every data modification operation is logged, so before you can change syslogs, the change must be logged. This means that a change operation on syslogs adds a row to syslogs, which then must be logged, adding another row to syslogs, and so on, producing an infinite loop. The loop continues until the database becomes full.

Columns The columns for syslogs are:


xactid binary(6) Transaction ID

op tinyint Number of update operation

syslogshold

1306

syslogsholdmaster database only

Description syslogshold contains information about each database’s oldest active transaction (if any) and the Replication Server truncation point (if any) for the transaction log, but it is not a normal table. Rather, it is built dynamically when queried by a user. No updates to syslogshold are allowed.

Columns The columns for syslogshold are:


dbid smallint Database ID.

reserved int Unused.

spid smallint Server process ID of the user that owns the oldest active transaction (always 0 for Replication Server).

page int Starting page number of active portion in syslogs defined by oldest transaction (or the truncation page in syslogs for Replication Server).

xactid binary(6) ID of the oldest active transaction (always 0x000000 for Replication Server).

masterxactid binary(6) ID of the transaction’s master transaction (if any) for multi-database transactions; otherwise 0x000000 (always 0x000000 for Replication Server).

starttime datetime Date and time the transaction started (or when the truncation point was set for Replication Server).

name char(67) Name of the oldest active transaction. It is the name defined with begin transaction, “$user_transaction” if no value is specified with begin transaction, or “$chained_transaction” for implicit transactions started by the ANSI chained mode. Internal transactions started by Adaptive Server have names that begin with the dollar sign ($) and are named for the operation, or are named “$replication_truncation_point” for Replication Server.

xloid int


1307

sysmessagesmaster database only

Description sysmessages contains one row for each system error or warning that can be returned by Adaptive Server. Adaptive Server displays the error description on the user’s screen.

Columns The columns for sysmessages are:

Indexes Clustered index On error, dlevel

Unique nonclustered index On error, dlevel, langid


error int Unique error number

severity smallint Severity level of error

dlevel smallint Reserved

description varchar(1024) Explanation of error with placeholders for parameters

langid smallint Language; null for us_english

sqlstate varchar(5) SQLSTATE value for the error

sysmonitors

1308

sysmonitorsmaster database only

Description sysmonitors contains one row for each monitor counter.

Columns The columns for sysmonitors are:


field_name char(79) Name of the counter

group_name char(25) Group this counter belongs to

field_id smallint Unique identifier for the row

value int Current value of the counter

description varchar(255) Description of the counter; not used


1309

sysobjectsAll databases

Description sysobjects contains one row for each table, view, stored procedure, extended stored procedure, log, rule, default, trigger, check constraint, referential constraint, and (in tempdb only) temporary object.

Columns The columns for sysobjects are:


name sysname Object name

id int Object ID

uid int User ID of object owner

type char(2) One of the following object types:

D = defaultF = SQLJ functionL = logP = Transact-SQL or SQLJ procedurePR = prepare objects (created by Dynamic SQL)R = ruleRI = referential constraintS = system tableTR = triggerU = user tableV = viewXP = extended stored procedure

userstat smallint Application-dependent type information (32768 decimal [0x8000 hex] indicates to Data Workbench® that a procedure is a report)

sysstat smallint Internal status information (256 decimal [0x100 hex] indicates that table is read-only)

indexdel smallint Index delete count (incremented if an index is deleted)

schemacnt smallint Count of changes in the schema of an object (incremented if a rule or default is added)

sysstat2 int Additional internal status information (see Table 12-14)

crdate datetime Date the object was created

expdate datetime Reserved

deltrig int Stored procedure ID of a delete trigger if the entry is a table. Table ID if the entry is a trigger.

instrig int Stored procedure ID of a table’s insert trigger if the entry is a table

updtrig int Stored procedure ID of a table’s update trigger if the entry is a table

seltrig int Reserved

ckfirst int ID of first check constraint on the table

cache smallint Reserved

audflags int Object’s audit settings

sysobjects

1310

Table 12-14 lists the bit representations for the sysstat2 column:

Table 12-14: sysstat2 control bits in the sysobjects table

Indexes Unique clustered index On id

Unique nonclustered index On name, uid

objspare int Spare

versionts binary

loginame varchar(30) Login name of the user who created the object


Decimal Hex Status

1 0x1 Table has a referential constraint

2 0x2 Table has a foreign key constraint

4 0x4 Table has more than one check constraint

8 0x8 Table has a primary key constraint

16 0x10 Stored procedure can execute only in chained transaction mode

32 0x20 Stored procedure can execute in any transaction mode

64 0x40 Table has an IDENTITY field

512 0x200 Table does not contain variable-length columns

1024 0x400 Table is remote

2048 0x800 Table is a proxy table created with the existing keyword

8192 0x2000 Table uses allpages locking scheme

16384 0x4000 Table uses datapages locking scheme

32768 0x8000 Table uses datarows locking scheme

65536 0x10000 Table was created in a version 11.9 or later version of the server

131072 0x20000 Table has a clustered index

242144 0x40000 Object represents an Embedded SQL procedure

33554432 0x2000000 Object represents a SQLJ stored procedure.

16777216 0x01000000 Object represents an access rule.

67108864 0x04000000 Object represents an OR access rule.


1311

syspartitionsAll databases

Description syspartitions contains one row for each partition (page chain) of a partitioned table.

Columns The columns for syspartitions are:

Indexes Unique clustered index On id, partitionid


state smallint Internal information about the state of the partition

id int Object ID of the partitioned table

partitionid int Partition ID number

firstpage int Page number of the partition’s first page

controlpage int Page number of the partition’s control page

spare binary(32) Reserved

sysprocedures

1312

sysproceduresAll databases

Description sysprocedures contains entries for each view, default, rule, trigger, procedure, declarative default, and check constraint. The plan or sequence tree for each object is stored in binary form. If the sequence tree does not fit into one entry, it is broken into more than one row. The sequence column identifies the sub-rows.

Columns The columns for sysprocedures are:

Table 12-15 lists the bit representations for the type column.

Table 12-15: type control bits in the sysprocedures table

Indexes Unique clustered index On id, type, sequence, number


type smallint Object type (see Table 12-15)

id int Object ID

sequence int Sequence number if more than one row is used to describe this object

status smallint Internal system status


version int

Decimal Hex Status

1 0x1 Entry describes a plan (reserved)

2 0x2 Entry describes a tree


1313

sysprocessesmaster database only

Description sysprocesses contains information about Adaptive Server processes, but it is not a normal table. It is built dynamically when queried by a user. No updates to sysprocesses are allowed. Use the kill statement to kill a process.

Columns The columns for sysprocesses are:


spid smallint Process ID

kpid int Kernel process ID

enginenum int Number of engine on which process is being executed

status char(12) Process ID status. See Table 12-16.

suid int Server user ID of user who issued command

hostname char(10) Name of host computer

program_name char(16) Name of front-end module

hostprocess char(8) Host process ID number

cmd char(16) Command or process currently being executed. Evaluation of a conditional statement, such as an if or while loop, returns cond.

cpu int Cumulative CPU time for process in ticks

physical_io int Number of disk reads and writes for current command

memusage int Amount of memory allocated to process

blocked smallint Process ID of blocking process, if any


uid int ID of user who executed command

gid int Group ID of user who executed command

tran_name varchar(64) Name of the active transaction

time_blocked int Time blocked in seconds

network_pktsz int Current connection’s network packet size

fid smallint Process ID of the worker process’ parent

execlass varchar(30) Execution class that the process is bound to

priority varchar(10) Base priority associated with the process

affinity varchar(30) Name of the engine to which the process has affinity

id int Object ID of the currently running procedure (or 0 if no procedure is running)

stmtnum int The current statement number within the running procedure (or the SQL batch statement number if no procedure is running)

linenum int The line number of the current statement within the running stored procedure (or the line number of the current SQL batch statement if no procedure is running)

sysprocesses

1314

Table 12-16 lists the values for the status column:

Table 12-16: sysprocesses status column values

origsuid int Original server user ID. If this value is not NULL, a user with an suid of origsuid executed set proxy or set session authorization to impersonate the user who executed the command.

block_xloid int Unique lock owner ID of a lock that is blocking a transaction

clientname varchar(30) Name by which the user is know for the current session. This parameter is optional

clienthostname varchar(30) Name by which the host is known for the current session. This parameter is optional

clientapplname varchar(30) Name by which the application is known for the current session. This parameter is optional

sys_id smallint Unique identity of companion node

ses_id int Unique identity of each client session

loggedindatetime datetime Shows the time and date when the client connected to Adaptive Server. See “Row-level access control“ in Chapter 11, “Managing User Permissions” of the System Administration Guide for more information..

ipaddr varchar IP address of the client where the login is made. See “Row-level access control“ in Chapter 11, “Managing User Permissions” of the System Administration Guide for more information..


Status Meaning

alarm sleep Waiting for alarm to wake process up (user executed a waitfor delay command)

background A process, such as a threshold procedure, run by Adaptive Server rather than by a user process

infected Server has detected a serious error condition; extremely rare

latch sleep Waiting on a latch acquisition

lock sleep Waiting on a lock acquisition

PLC sleep Waiting to access a user log cache

recv sleep Waiting on a network read

runnable In the queue of runnable processes

running Actively running on one of the server engines

send sleep Waiting on a network send

sleeping Waiting on a disk I/O, or some other resource (often indicates a process that is running, but doing extensive disk I/O)

stopped Stopped process

sync sleep Waiting on a synchronization message from another process in the family


1315

sysprotectsAll databases

Description sysprotects contains information on permissions that have been granted to, or revoked from, users, groups, and roles.

Columns The columns for sysprotects are:

Indexes Unique clustered index On id, action, grantor, uid, protecttype


id int ID of the object to which this permission applies.

uid int ID of the user, group, or role to which this permission applies.

action smallint One of the following permissions:

151 = references167 = set proxy or set session authorization193 = select195 = insert196 = delete197 = update198 = create table203 = create database205 = grant206 = revoke207 = create view221 = create trigger222 = create procedure224 = execute228 = dump database233 = create default235 = dump transaction236 = create rule

protecttype tinyint One of the following values:

0 = grant with grant1 = grant2 = revoke

columns varbinary(133) Bitmap of columns to which this select or update permission applies. The bits indicate the following:

• 0 – indicates all columns

• 1 – means permission applies to that column

• NULL – means no information

grantor int User ID of the grantor. If the grantor is a System Administrator, the user ID of the object owner is used.

sysqueryplans

1316

sysqueryplansAll databases

Description sysqueryplans contains two or more rows for each abstract query plan. Uses datarow locking.

Columns The columns for sysqueryplans are:

Indexes Unique clustered index On uid, gid, hashkey, id, type, sequence

Nonclustered unique index On id, type, sequence


uid int User ID of user who captured the abstract plan.

gid int The abstract plan group ID under which the abstract plan was saved.

hashkey int The hash key over the SQL query text.

id int The unique ID if the abstract plan.

type smallint 10 if the text column contains query text or 100 if the text column contains abstract plan text.

sequence smallint Sequence number if multiple rows are required for the text of the SQL query or abstract plan.

status int Reserved.

text varchar(255) The SQL text, if type is 10, or the abstract query plan text, if the type is 100.


1317

sysreferencesAll databases

Description sysreferences contains one row for each referential integrity constraint declared on a table or column.

Columns The columns for sysreferences are:

Indexes Clustered index On tableid, frgndbname

Nonclustered index On constrid, frgndbname, indexid, pmrydbname, reftabid


indexid smallint ID of the unique index on referenced columns

constrid int Object ID of the constraint from sysobjects

tableid int Object ID of the referencing table

reftabid int Object ID of the referenced table

keycnt tinyint Number of columns in the foreign key

status smallint Reserved

frgndbid smallint Database ID of the database that includes the referenced table (the table with the foreign key).

pmrydbid smallint Database ID of the database that includes the referenced table (the table with the primary key).

spare2 int Reserved

fokey1 ... fokey16 smallint Column ID of the first to the 16th referencing column

refkey1 ... refkey16 smallint Column ID of the first to the 16th referenced column

frgndbname varchar(30) Name of the database that includes the referencing table (the table with the foreign key); NULL if the referencing table is in the current database

pmrydbname varchar(30) Name of the database that includes the referenced table (the table with the primary key); NULL if the referenced table is in the current database

sysremotelogins

1318

sysremoteloginsmaster database only

Description sysremotelogins contains one row for each remote user that is allowed to execute remote procedure calls on this Adaptive Server.

Columns The columns for sysremotelogins are:

Indexes Unique clustered index On remoteserverid, remoteusername


remoteserverid smallint Identifies the remote server

remoteusername varchar(30) User’s login name on remote server

suid int Local server user ID

status smallint Bitmap of options


1319

sysresourcelimitsmaster database only

Description sysresourcelimits contains a row for each resource limit defined by Adaptive Server. Resource limits specify the maximum amount of server resources that can be used by a Adaptive Server login or an application to execute a query, query batch, or transaction.

Columns The columns for sysresourcelimits are:

Indexes Clustered index On name, appname


name varchar(30) null Login name

appname varchar(30) null Application name

rangeid smallint id column from systimeranges

limitid smallint id column from spt_limit_types

limitvalue int Value of limit

enforced tinyint Subset of the enforced column from spt_limit_types:

• 1 = prior to execution

• 2 = during execution

• 3 = both

actiontotake tinyint Action to take on a violation:

• 1 = issue warning

• 2 = abort query batch

• 3 = abort transaction

• 4 = kill session

scope tinyint Scope of user limit (a bitmap indicating one or more of the following):

• 1 = query

• 2 = query batch

• 4 = transaction

spare tinyint Reserved

sysroles

1320

sysrolesAll databases

Description sysroles maps server role IDs to local role IDs.

Columns The columns for sysroles are:

When a database permission is granted to a role, if an entry for the role does not exist in syssrvroles, Adaptive Server adds an entry to sysroles map the local role ID (lrid) to the server-wide role ID (srid) in syssrvroles.

Indexes Unique clustered index On lrid


id int Server role ID (srid)

lrid int Local role ID

type smallint Unused

status int Unused


1321

syssecmechsmaster database only

Description syssecmechs contains information about the security services supported by each security mechanism that is available to Adaptive Server. Unlike other system tables, it is not created during installation. Instead, it is built dynamically when queried by a user.

Columns The columns for syssecmechs are:


sec_mech_name varchar(30) Name of the security mechanism; for example, “NT LANMANAGER”

available_service varchar(30) Name of the security service supported by the security mechanism; for example, “unified login”

syssegments

1322

syssegmentsAll databases

Description syssegments contains one row for each segment (named collection of disk pieces). In a newly created database, the entries are: segment 0 (system) for system tables; segment 2 (logsegment) for the transaction log; and segment 1 (default) for other objects.

Columns The columns for syssegments are:


segment smallint Segment number

name sysname Segment name

status smallint Indicates which segment is the default segment


1323

sysserversmaster database only

Description sysservers contains one row for each remote Adaptive Server, Backup Server™, or Open Server™ on which this Adaptive Server can execute remote procedure calls.

Columns The columns for sysservers are:

Table 12-17 lists the bit representations for the srvstatus column:

Table 12-17: status control bits in the sysservers table

Table 12-18 lists the server categories for the srvclass column:


srvid smallint ID number (for local use only) of the remote server

srvstatus smallint Bitmap of options. See Table 12-17.

srvname varchar(30) Server name

srvnetname varchar(32) Interfaces file name for the server

srvclass smallint Server category defined by the class parameter of sp_addserver. See Table 12-18.

srvsecmech varchar(30) Security mechanism

srvcost smallint Provides the network cost in milliseconds for accessing a server over a network. Used only by the Adaptive Server query optimizer for evaluating the cost of a query when accessing a proxy table, the default is set to 1,000 ms.

Decimal Hex Status

0 0x0 Timeouts are enabled

1 0x1 Timeouts are disabled

2 0x2 Network password encryption is enabled

4 0x4 Remote server is read only

8 0x8 Use rpc security model A

16 0x10 Use rpc security model B

64 0x40 Use message confidentiality

128 0x80 Use message integrity

256 0x100 Mutual authentication

sysservers

1324

Table 12-18: Server categories is the sysservers table

Indexes Unique clustered index On srvid

Unique nonclustered index On srvname

srvclass Server category

0 Local Server

1 sql_server class server

3 direct_connect class server

4 DB2 class server

6 sds class server

7 ASEnterprise class server

8 ASAnywhere class server

9 ASIQ class server


1325

syssessionsmaster database only

Description syssessions is only used when Adaptive Server is configured for Sybase’s Failover in a high availability system. syssessions contains one row for each client that connects to Adaptive Server with the failover property (for example, isql -Q). Clients that have an entry in syssessions during failover are moved to the secondary companion. Clients that do not have an entry in syssessions are dropped during failover. Clients that have an entry in syssessions during failback are moved to the primary companion. Clients that do not have an entry in syssessions during failback are dropped.

Columns The columns for syssessions are:


sys_id smallint Unique identity of companion node

ses_id int Unique identity of each client session

state tinyint Describes whether the session is active or inactive

spare tinyint Reserved for future functionality

status smallint Reserved for future functionality

dbid smallint Reserved for future functionality

name varchar(30) Same as client’s login name as specified in syslogins

syssrvroles

1326

syssrvrolesmaster database only

Description syssrvroles contains a row for each system or user-defined role.

Columns The columns for syssrvroles are:


Table 12-19: status control bits in the syssrvroles table

Indexes Unique clustered index On srid


srid int Server role ID

name varchar(30) Name of the role

password varinary(30) Password for the role (encrypted)

pwdate datetime Date the password was last changed

status smallint Bitmap for role status. See Table 12-19

logincount smallint Number of failed login attempts; reset to 0 by a successful login.

Decimal Hex Status

2 0x2 Role is locked

4 0x4 Role is expired


1327

sysstatisticsAll databases

Description sysstatistics contains one or more rows for each indexed column on a user table. May also contain rows for unindexed column. Uses datarow locking.

Columns The columns for sysstatistics are:

Indexes Unique clustered index On id, statid, colidarray, formatid, sequence


statid smallint Reserved

id int Object ID of table

sequence int Sequence number if multiple rows are required for this set of statistics

moddate datetime Date this row was last modified

formatid tinyint Type of statistics represented by this row

usedcount tinyint Number of fields c0 to c79 used in this row

colidarray varbinary(100) An ordered list of column IDs

c0...c79 varbinary(255) Statistical data

systabstats

1328

systabstats All databases

Description systabstats contains one row for each clustered index, one row for each nonclustered index, and one row for each table that has no clustered index. Uses datarow locking.

Columns The columns for systabstats are:


indid smallint 0 if a table; 1 if a clustered index on an allpages-locked table; >1 if a nonclustered index or a clustered index on a data-only-locked table; statistics on text or image objects (255) are not maintained in systabstats.

id int ID of table to which index belongs

activestatid smallint Reserved

indexheight smallint Height of the index; maintained if indid is greater than 1

leafcnt int Number of leaf pages in the index; maintained if indid is greater than 1

pagecnt int Number of pages in the table or index

rowcnt float Number of rows in the table; maintained for indid of 0 or 1

forwrowcnt float Number of forwarded rows; maintained for indid of 0 or 1

delrowcnt float Number of deleted rows

dpagecrcnt float Number of extent I/Os that need to be performed to read the entire table

ipagecrcnt float Number of extent I/Os that need to be performed to read the entire leaf level of a nonclustered index

drowcrcnt float Number of page I/Os that need to be performed to read an entire table

oamapgcnt int Number of OAM pages for the table, plus the number of allocation pages that store information about the table

extent0pgcnt int Count of pages that are on the same extent as the allocation page

datarowsize float Average size of the data row

leafrowsize float Average size of a leaf row for nonclustered indexes and clustered indexes data-only-locked tables


1329


Table 12-20: status bits in the systabstats table

Indexes Unique clustered index On id, indid

status int Internal system status information (see Table 12-20)

spare1 int Reserved

spare2 float Reserved

rslastoam int Last OAM page visited by a reorg reclaim_space or reorg compact command

rslastpage int Last data or leaf page visited by a reorg reclaim_space or reorg compact command

frlastoam int Last OAM page visited by the reorg forwarded_rows command

frlastpage int Last data page visited by the reorg forwarded_rows command

conopt_thld smallint Concurrency optimization threshold

spare3 smallint Reserved

emptypgcnt int Number of empty pages in extents allocated to the table or index

spare4 float Reserved

Decimal Hex Status

1 0x1 Statistics are the result of upgrade (not update statistics)


systhresholds

1330

systhresholdsAll databases

Description systhresholds contains one row for each threshold defined for the database.

Columns The columns for systhresholds are:

Indexes Unique clustered index On segment, free_space


segment smallint Segment number for which free space is being monitored.

free_space int Size of threshold, in 2K pages (4K for Status).

status smallint Bit 1 equals 1 for the logsegment’s last-chance threshold, 0 for all other thresholds.

proc_name varchar(255) Name of the procedure that is executed when the number of unused pages on segment falls below free_space.

suid int The server user ID of the user who added the threshold or modified it most recently.

currauth varbinary(255) A bit mask that indicates which roles were active for suid at the time the threshold was added or most recently modified. When the threshold is crossed, proc_name executes with this set of roles, less any that have been deactivated since the threshold was added or last modified.


1331

systimerangesmaster database only

Description systimeranges stores named time ranges, which are used by Adaptive Server to control when a resource limit is active.

Columns The columns for systimeranges are:

Indexes Clustered index On id


name varchar(30) Unique name of the time range.

id smallint Unique identifier for the time range. 1 represents the “at all times” limit.

startday tinyint Day of week (1–7) for the beginning of the range. Monday = 1, Sunday = 7.

endday tinyint Day of week (1–7) for the end of the range. Monday = 1, Sunday = 7.

starttime varchar(10) Time of day for the beginning of the range.

endtime varchar(10) Time of day for the end of the range.

systransactions

1332

systransactionsmaster database only

Description systransactions contains information about Adaptive Server transactions, but it is not a normal table. Portions of the table are built dynamically when queried by a user, while other portions are stored in the master database. Updates to the dynamically-built columns of systransactions are not allowed.

Columns The columns for systransactions are:

Table 12-21 lists the values for the failover column:

Table 12-21: systransactions failover column values

Table 12-22 lists the values for the type column:


xactkey binary(14) Unique Adaptive Server transaction key

starttime datetime Date the transaction started

failover int Value indicating the transaction failover state (see Table 12-21)

type int Value indicating the type of transaction (see Table 12-22)

coordinator

int Value indicating the coordination method or protocol (see Table 12-23)

state int Value indicating the current state of the transaction (see Table 12-24)

connection int Value indicating the connection state (see Table 12-25)

status int Internal transaction status flag

status2 int Additional internal transaction status flags.

spid smallint Server process ID, or 0 if the process is detached

masterdbid smallint Starting database of the transaction

loid int Lock owner ID

namelen smallint Length of “xactname” below

xactname varchar(255) Transaction name or XID

srvname varchar(30) Name of the remote server (null for local servers)

failover value Failover state

0 Resident Tx

1 Failed-over Tx

2 Tx by Failover-Conn


1333

Table 12-22: systransactions type column values

Table 12-23 lists the values for the coordinator column:

Table 12-23: systransactions coordinator column values

Table 12-24 lists the values for the state column:

Table 12-24: systransactions state column values

Table 12-25 lists the values for the connection column:

type value Transaction type

1 Local

3 External

98 Remote

99 Dtx_State

coordinator value Coordination method or protocol

0 None

1 Syb2PC

2 ASTC

3 XA

4 DTC

state value Transaction state

1 Begun

2 Done Command

3 Done

4 Prepared

5 In Command

6 In Abort Cmd

7 Committed

8 In Post Commit

9 In Abort Tran

10 In Abort Savept

65537 Begun-Detached

65538 Done Cmd-Detached

65539 Done-Detached

65540 Prepared-Detached

65548 Heur Committed

65549 Heur Rolledback

systransactions

1334

Table 12-25: systransactions connection column values

connection value Connection state

1 Attached

2 Detached


1335

systypesAll databases

Description systypes contains one row for each system-supplied and user-defined datatype. Domains (defined by rules) and defaults are given, if they exist.

The rows that describe system-supplied datatypes cannot be altered.

Columns The columns for systypes are:

Table 12-26 lists each system-supplied datatype’s name, hierarchy, type (not necessarily unique), and usertype (unique). The datatypes are ordered by hierarchy. In mixed-mode arithmetic, the datatype with the lowest hierarchy takes precedence:


uid int User ID of datatype creator

usertype smallint User type ID

variable bit 1 if datatype is variable length; 0 otherwise

allownulls bit Indicates whether nulls are allowed for this datatype

type tinyint Physical storage datatype

length int Physical length of datatype

tdefault int ID of system procedure that generates default for this datatype

domain int ID of system procedure that contains integrity checks for this datatype

name sysname Datatype name

printfmt varchar(255) Reserved

prec tinyint Number of significant digits

scale tinyint Number of digits to the right of the decimal point

ident tinyint 1 if column has the IDENTITY property, 0 if it does not

hierarchy tinyint Precedence of the datatype in mixed mode arithmetic

accessrule int The object ID of the access rule in sysprocedures.

xtypeid int The internal class ID

xdbid int The dbid where a class is installed:

• -1 = the system database

• -2 = the current database, or any dbid

systypes

1336

Table 12-26: Datatype names, hierarchy, types, and usertypes


Unique nonclustered index On usertype

Name hierarchy type usertype

floatn 1 109 14

float 2 62 8

datetimn 3 111 15

datetime 4 61 12

real 5 59 23

numericn 6 108 28

numeric 7 63 10

decimaln 8 106 27

decimal 9 55 26

moneyn 10 110 17

money 11 60 11

smallmoney 12 122 21

smalldatetime 13 58 22

intn 14 38 13

int 15 56 7

smallint 16 52 6

tinyint 17 48 5

bit 18 50 16

univarchar 19 155 35

unichar 20 135 34

reserved 21

varchar 22 39 2

sysname 22 39 18

nvarchar 22 39 25

char 23 47 1

nchar 23 47 24

varbinary 24 37 4

timestamp 24 37 80

binary 25 45 3

text 26 35 19

image 27 34 20


1337

sysusagesmaster database only

Description sysusages contains one row for each disk allocation piece assigned to a database. Each database contains a specified number of database (logical) page numbers. Each disk piece includes the segments on the Adaptive Server distribution media, segments 0 and 1.

The create database command checks sysdevices and sysusages to find available disk allocation pieces. One or more contiguous disk allocation pieces are assigned to the database, and the mapping is recorded in sysusages.

Columns The columns for sysusages are:

Indexes Unique clustered index On dbid, lstart

Unique nonclustered index On vstart



segmap int Bitmap of possible segment assignments

lstart int First database (logical) page number

size int Number of contiguous database (logical) pages

vstart int Starting virtual page number

pad smallint Unused

unreservedpgs int Free space not part of an allocated extent


sysusermessages

1338

sysusermessagesAll databases

Description sysusermessages contains one row for each user-defined message that can be returned by Adaptive Server.

Columns The columns for sysusermessages are:

Indexes Clustered index On error

Unique nonclustered index On error, langid


error varchar(1024) Unique error number. Must be 20,000 or higher.

uid int Server user ID (suser_id) of the message creator.

description varchar(1024) User-defined message with optional placeholders for parameters.

langid smallint Language ID for this message; null for us_english.

dlevel smallint Stores the with_log bit, which is used to call the appropriate routine to log a message.


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sysusersAll databases

Description sysusers contains one row for each user allowed in the database, and one row for each group or role.

Columns The columns for sysusers are:

On the Adaptive Server distribution media, master..sysusers contains some initial users: “dbo”, whose suid is 1 and whose uid is 1; “guest”, whose suid is -1 and whose uid is 2; and “public”, whose suid is -2 and whose uid is 0. In addition, both system-defined and user-defined roles are listed in sysusers.

The user “guest” provides a mechanism for giving users not explicitly listed in sysusers access to the database with a restricted set of permissions. The “guest” entry in master means any user with an account on Adaptive Server (that is, with an entry in syslogins) can access master.

The user “public” refers to all users. The keyword public is used with the grant and revoke commands to signify that permission is being given to or taken away from all users.

Indexes Unique clustered index On suid

Unique nonclustered index On name, uid


suid int Server user ID, copied from syslogins.

uid int User ID, unique in this database, is used for granting and revoking permissions. User ID 1 is “dbo”.

gid int Group ID to which this user belongs. If uid = gid, this entry defines a group. Negative values may be used for user IDs (uid). Every suid associated with a group or a role in sysusers is set to -2 (INVALID_SUID).

name sysname User or group name, unique in this database.

environ varchar(255) Reserved.

sysxtypes

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sysxtypesAll databases

Description sysxtypes contains one row for each extended, Java-SQL datatype. Uses row-level locking.

Refer to Java in Adaptive Server Enterprise for more information about Java-SQL classes and datatypes.

Columns The columns for sysxtypes are:

Indexes Unique placement index On xtid

Unique non-clustered index On xtname


sensitivity sensitivity Used by the Secure Adaptive Server.

xtname varchar(255) The name of the extended type.

xtid int System-generated ID for the extended type.

xtstatus int Internal status information. Unused.

xtmetatype int Unused.

xtcontainer int The ID of the JAR file containing the class. Can be NULL.

xtsource text Source code for the extended type. Unused.

xtbinary image Object code for the extended type. For Java classes, it contains the class file.


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syblicenseslogmaster database only

Description syblicenseslog contains one row for each update of the maximum number of licenses used in Adaptive Server per 24-hour period. syblicenseslog is updated every 24 hours. If Adaptive Server is shut down at any time, License Use Manager logs the number of licenses currently being used in syblicenseslog before the shutdown is complete. The 24 hour period restarts when you start Adaptive Server.

Note syblicenseslog is not a system table. Its type is “U” and its object ID is greater than 100.

Columns The columns for syblicenseslogs are:


status smallint Status of the maximum number of licenses used; one of the following:

• 0 = number of licenses not exceeded

• 1 = number of licenses is exceeded

• -1 = housekeeper is unable to monitor number of licenses

logtime datetime Date and time the log was written

maxlicenses int Maximum number of licenses used during the 24-hour period

syblicenseslog

1342

1343

C H A P T E R 1 3 dbccdb Tables

In addition to the standard system tables included in all databases, the dbcc management database, dbccdb, contains seven tables that define inputs to and outputs from dbcc checkstorage. It also contains at least two workspaces.

Topics include:

dbccdb workspacesWorkspaces are special tables in dbccdb that store intermediate results of the dbcc checkstorage operation. Workspaces differ from worktables in that they:

• Are preallocated contiguously to improve I/O performance

• Are persistent

• Do not reside in the tempdb database

When you create dbccdb, two workspaces, scan and text, are created automatically. They are preallocated as follows:

• Scan workspace – contains a row for each page of the target database. The allocation is approximately 1 percent of the database size. Each row consists of a single binary(18) column.

• Text workspace – contains a row for each table in the target database that contains text or image columns. The size of this table depends on the design of the target database, but it is usually significantly smaller than the scan workspace. Each row consists of a single binary(22) column.

Topic Pagedbccdb workspaces 1343

dbccdb log 1345

dbccdb workspaces

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If either allocation is larger than needed by dbcc checkstorage, the operation uses only what it requires. The allocation does not change. If the text workspace allocation is too small, dbcc checkstorage reports this, recommends a new size, and continues checking; however, not all text chains are checked. If the scan workspace allocation is too small, the dbcc checkstorage operation fails immediately.

You must have at least one scan and one text workspace, but you may create as many as you need. While in use, the workspaces are locked so that only one dbcc checkstorage operation can use them at any given time. You can execute concurrent dbcc checkstorage operations by supplying each one with a separate scan and text workspace.

For more information on creating workspaces, see the System Administration Guide and the Adaptive Server Reference Manual.

Ideally, workspaces should be accessed only through dbcc checkstorage, but this is not a requirement. dbcc checkstorage exclusively locks the workspaces it uses, and the content of the workspaces is regenerated with each execution of dbcc checkstorage. The workspaces do not contain any secure data.

Note While the contents of the workspaces are accessible through SQL, no interpretation of the binary values is available. Access through SQL might return data from different dbcc checks mixed together. The presence of a row in these tables does not ensure that it contains valid data. dbcc tracks valid rows only during execution. That information is lost when the operation completes.

Most of the update activity in dbccdb is performed in the text and scan workspaces. The workspaces are preallocated, and only one dbcc checkstorage operation can use the workspaces at any given time, so the workspaces are less susceptible to corruption than most user tables. Corruption in a workspace can cause the dbcc checkstorage operation to fail or behave erratically. If this happens, drop and re-create the corrupt workspace.

Checks of databases using different workspaces can proceed simultaneously, but the performance of each operation might be degraded as it competes for disk throughput.

To delete a workspace, in dbccdb, enter:

drop table workspace_name

CHAPTER 13 dbccdb Tables

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dbccdb logThe results of each dbcc checkstorage operation are recorded in the dbccdb log. Updates to the text and scan workspaces are not recorded there.

The dbccdb log must be sized to handle updates to the tables. The log requirement is related to the number of tables and indexes in the target database. It is not related to the target database size.

To minimize the log requirement and the recovery time, use the truncate log on checkpoint option with dbccdb.

dbcc_config

1346

dbcc_configDescription The dbcc_config table describes the currently executing or last completed

dbcc checkstorage operation. It defines:

• The location of resources dedicated to the dbcc checkstorage operation

• Resource usage limits for the dbcc checkstorage operation

Columns The columns for dbcc_config are:

Primary key Combination of dbid and type_code

See also For information on initializing and updating dbcc_config, see the System Administration Guide.

Column name Datatype Description

dbid smallint Matches the dbid from a row in sysindatabases.

type_code int Matches the type_code from a row in the dbcc_types table. Valid values are 1–9.

value int Specifies the value of the item identified by type_code. Can be null only if the value of stringvalue is not null.

stringvalue varchar(255) Specifies the value of the item identified by type_code. Can be null only if the value of value is not null.


1347

dbcc_countersDescription The dbcc_counters table stores the results of the analysis performed by

dbcc checkstorage. Counters are maintained for each database, table, index, partition, device, and invocation of dbcc.

Columns The columns for dbcc_counters are:

Primary key Combination of dbid, id, indid, partitionid, devid, opid, and type_code


dbid smallint Identifies the target database.

id int Identifies the table. The value is derived from sysindexes and sysobjects.

indid smallint Identifies the index. The value is derived from sysindexes.

partitionid smallint Identifies the defined object-page affinity. The value is derived from sysindexes and syspartitions.

devid smallint Identifies the disk device. The value is derived from sysdevices.

opid smallint Identifies the dbcc operation that was performed.

type_code int Matches the type_code column of a row in the dbcc_types table. Valid values are 5000 through 5024.

value real Matches the appropriate type_name for the given type_code as described in dbcc_types.

dbcc_fault_params

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dbcc_fault_paramsDescription The dbcc_fault_params table provides additional descriptive information

for a fault entered in the dbcc_faults table.

Columns The columns for dbcc_fault_params are:

Each “value” column (intvalue, realvalue, binaryvalue, stringvalue, and datevalue) can contain a null value. At least one must not be null. If more than one of these columns contains a value other than null, the columns provide different representations of the same value.

Primary key Combination of dbid, opid, faultid, and type_code




faultid int Identifies the fault ID.

type_code int Defines the interpretation of the value, which is provided by the “value” columns. Valid values are 1000–1009. They are described in dbcc_types.

intvalue int Specifies the integer value.

realvalue real Specifies the real value.

binaryvalue varbinary(255) Specifies the binary value.

stringvalue varchar(255) Specifies the string value.

datevalue datetime Specifies the date value.


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dbcc_faultsDescription The dbcc_faults table provides a description of each fault detected by dbcc

checkstorage.

Columns The columns for dbcc_faults are:

Primary key Combination of dbid, id, indid, partitionid, devid, opid, faultid, and type_code



id smallint Identifies the table. The value is derived from sysindexes and sysobjects.

indid smallint Identifies the index. The value is derived from sysindexes.

partitionid smallint Identifies the partition. The value is derived from sysindexes and syspartitions. Counters are maintained for page ranges, so “partition” refers to the defined object-page affinity, rather than the actual object page chain.

devid smallint Identifies the disk device. The value is derived from sysdevices


faultid int Provides a unique sequence number assigned to each fault recorded for the operation.

type_code int Identifies the type of fault. Valid values are 100000–100032. They are described in Table 13-1 on page 1352.

status int Classifies the fault. Valid values are:

• 0 – Soft fault, possibly transient

• 1– Hard fault

• 2 – Soft fault that proved to be transient

• 3 – Soft fault upgraded to a hard fault

• 5 – Repaired hard fault

• 7 – Repaired upgraded hard fault

• 9 – Hard fault not rapirable

• 11 – Soft fault upgraded to a hard fault and not repairable

• 16 – Soft fault, object dropped (inaccessible)

• 17 – Hard fault, object dropped (inaccessible)

• 18 – Transient soft fault, object dropped (inaccessible)

• 19 – Soft fault upgraded to a hard fault and object dropped (inaccessible)

For more information, see the System Administration Guide.

dbcc_operation_log

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dbcc_operation_logDescription The dbcc_operation_log table records the use of the dbcc checkstorage

operations.

Columns The columns for dbcc_operaiton_log are:

Summary results are recorded in the dbcc_operation_results table.

Primary key Combination of dbid, opid, and optype

Column Name Datatype Description

dbid smallint Identifies the target database

opid smallint Identifies the sequence number of the dbcc checkstorage operation. opid is an automatically incrementing number, unique for each dbid and finish pair.

optype smallint The following value is valid for optype:

• 2 = checkstorage

suid int Identifies the user executing the command

start datetime Identifies when the operation started

finish datetime Identifies when the operation ended


1351

dbcc_operation_resultsDescription The dbcc_operation_results table provides additional descriptive

information for an operation recorded in the dbcc_operation_log table.

Columns The columns for dbcc_operation_results are:

Each “value” column (intvalue, realvalue, binaryvalue, stringvalue, and datevalue) may contain a null value. At least one is not null. If more than one of these columns contains a value other than null, the columns provide different representations of the same value.

Results of the dbcc checkstorage operations include the number of:

• Hard faults found

• Soft faults found

• Operations stopped due to a hard error

Primary key Combination of dbid, opid, optype, and type_code

Column Name Datatype Description

dbid smallint Identifies the target database

opid smallint Identifies the dbcc operation ID

optype smallint Identifies the dbcc operation type

type_code int Defines the dbcc operation type. Valid values are 1000–1007. They are described in Table 13-1 on page 1352.

intvalue int Specifies the integer value

realvalue real Specifies the real value

binaryvalue varbinary(255) Specifies the binary value

stringvalue varchar(255) Specifies the string value

datevalue datetime Specifies the date value

dbcc_types

1352

dbcc_typesDescription The dbcc_types table provides the definitions of the data types used by

dbcc checkstorage. This table is not actually used by the dbcc stored procedures. It is provided to facilitate the use of the other tables in dbccdb, and to document the semantics of the data types. Type codes for operation configuration, analysis data reported, fault classification, and fault report parameters are included. If you create your own stored procedures for generating reports, the values listed in the type_name column can be used as report headings.

Columns The columns for dbcc_types are as follows.

Note To allow for future additions to dbcc_types, some type_code numbers are not used at this time:

Table 13-1: dbcc Types

type_code type_name Description

1 max worker processes Optional – Specifies the maximum number of worker processes that can be employed. This is also the maximum level of concurrent processing used. Minimum value is 1.

2 dbcc named cache Specifies the size (in kilobytes) of the cache used by dbcc checkstorage and the name of that cache.

3 scan workspace Specifies the ID and name of the workspace to be used by the database scan.

4 text workspace Specifies the ID and name of the workspace to be used for text columns.

5 operation sequence number

Specifies the number that identifies the dbcc operation that was started most recently.

6 database name Specifies the name of the database in sysdatabases.

7 OAM count threshold Specifies the percentage by which the OAM counts must vary before they can be considered to be an error.

8 IO error abort Specifies the number of I/O errors allowed on a disk before dbcc stops checking the pages on that disk.

9 linkage error abort Specifies the number of linkage errors allowed before dbcc stops checking the page chains of an object. Some kinds of page chain corruptions might require a check to be stopped with fewer linkage error than other kinds of page chain corruptions.

1000 hard fault count Specifies the number of persistent inconsistencies (hard faults) found during the consistency check.

1001 soft fault count Specifies the number of suspect conditions (soft faults) found during the consistency check.


1353

1002 checks aborted count Specifies the number of linkage checks that were stopped during the consistency check.

1007 text column count Specifies the number of non-null text/image column values found during the consistency check.

5000 bytes data Specifies (in bytes) the amount of user data stored in the partition being checked.

5001 bytes used Specifies (in bytes) the amount of storage used to record the data in the partition being checked. The difference between bytes used and bytes data shows the amount of overhead needed to store or index the data.

5002 pages used Specifies the number of pages linked to the object being checked that are actually used to hold the object.

5003 pages reserved Specifies the number of pages that are reserved for the object being checked, but that are not allocated for use by that object. The difference between (8 * extents used) and (pages used + pages reserved) shows the total uncommitted deallocations and pages incorrectly allocated.

5004 pages overhead Specifies the number of pages used for the overhead functions such as OAM pages or index statistics.

5005 extents used Specifies the number of extents allocated to the object in the partition being checked. For object 99 (allocation pages), this value is the number of extents that are not allocated to a valid object. Object 99 contains the storage that is not allocated to other objects.

5006 count Specifies the number of component items (rows or keys) found on any page in the part of the object being checked.

5007 max count Specifies the maximum number of component items found on any page in the part of the object being checked.

5008 max size Specifies the maximum size of any component item found on any page in the part of the object being checked.

5009 max level Specifies the maximum number of levels in an index. This datatype is not applicable to tables.

5010 pages misallocated Specifies the number of pages that are allocated to the object, but are not initialized correctly. It is a fault counter.

5011 io errors Specifies the number of I/O errors encountered. This datatype is a fault counter.

5012 page format errors Specifies the number of page format errors reported. This datatype is a fault counter.

5013 pages not allocated Specifies the number of pages linked to the object through its chain, but not allocated. This datatype is a fault counter.

5014 pages not referenced Specifies the number of pages allocated to the object, but not reached through its chains. This datatype is a fault counter.

5015 overflow pages Specifies the number of overflow pages encountered. This datatype is only applicable to clustered indexes.


dbcc_types

1354

5016 page gaps Specifies the number of pages not linked to the next page in ascending sequence. This number indicates the amount of table fragmentation.

5017 page extent crosses Specifies the number of pages that are linked to pages outside of their own extent. As the number of page extent crosses increases relative to pages used or extents used, the effectiveness of large I/O buffers decreases.

5018 page extent gaps Specifies the number of page extent crosses where the subsequent extent is not the next extent in ascending sequence. Maximal I/O performance on a full scan is achieved when the number of page extent gaps is minimized. A seek or full disk rotation is likely for each gap.

5019 ws buffer crosses Specifies the number of pages that are linked outside of their workspace buffer cache during the dbcc checkstorage operation. This information can be used to size the cache, which provides high performance without wasting resources.

5020 deleted rows Deleted rows, the number of deleted rows in the object

5021 forwarded rows Forwarded rows, number of forwarded rows in the object

5022 empty pages The number of pages allocated but not containing data

5023 pages with garbage Pages with garbage, number of pages that could benefit from garbage collection

5024 non-contiguous free space.

Non-contiguous free space, number of bytes of non-contiguous free space

10000 page id Specifies the location in the database of the page that was being checked when the fault was detected. All localized faults include this parameter.

10001 page header Specifies the hexadecimal representation of the header of the page that was being checked when the fault was detected. This information is useful for evaluating soft faults and for determining if the page has been updated since it was checked. The server truncates trailing zeros.

10002 text column id Specifies an 8-byte hexadecimal value that gives the page, row, and column of the reference to a text chain that had a fault. The server truncates trailing zeros.

10003 object id Specifies a 9-byte hexadecimal value that provides the object id (table), the partition id (partition of the table) if applicable, and the index id (index) of the page or allocation being checked.

For example, if a page is expected to belong to table T1 because it is reached from T1’s chain, but is actually allocated to table T2, the object id for T1 is recorded, and the object id expected for T2 is recorded. The server truncates trailing zeros.



1355

10007 page id expected Specifies the page ID that is expected for the linked page when there is a discrepancy between the page ID that is expected and the page ID that is actually encountered.

For example, if you follow the chain from P1 to P2 when going forward, then, when going backward, P1 is expected to come after P2. The value of page id expected is P1, and the value of page id is P2. When the actual value of P3 is encountered, it is recorded as page id actual.

10008 page id actual When there is a discrepancy between the page ID that is encountered and the expected page ID, this value specifies the actual page ID that is encountered. (See also, type_code 10007.)

For example, if you follow the chain from P1 to P2 when going forward, then, when going backward, P1 is expected to come after P2. The value of page id expected is P1, and the value of page id is P2. When the actual value of P3 is encountered, it is recorded as page id actual.

10009 object id expected Specifies a 9-byte hexadecimal value that provides the expected object id (table), the partition id (partition of the table) if applicable, and the index id (index) of the page or allocation being checked.

For example, if a page is expected to belong to table T1 because it is reached from T1’s chain, but is actually allocated to table T2, the object id for T1 is recorded, and the object id expected for T2 is recorded. The server truncates trailing zeros.

10010 data-only locked data page header

Indicates the 44 byte page header for the page where the fault is located

10011 data-only locked b-tree leaf page header


10012 data-only locked b-tree header


100000 IO error Indicates that part of the identified page could not be fetched from the device. This is usually caused by a failure of the operating system or the hardware.

100001 page id error Indicates that the identifying ID (page number) recorded on the page is not valid. This might be the result of a page being written to or read from the wrong disk location, corruption of a page either before or as it is being written, or allocation of a page without subsequent initialization of that page.

100002 page free offset error Indicates that the end of data on a page is not valid. This event affects insertions and updates on this page. It might affect some access to the data on this page.


dbcc_types

1356

100003 page object id error Indicates that the page appears to be allocated to some other table than the one expected. If this is a persistent fault, it might be the consequence of either:

• An incorrect page allocation, which might only result in the effective loss of this page to subsequent allocation, or

• A corrupted page chain, which might prevent access to the data in the corrupted chain

100004 timestamp error Indicates that the page has a timestamp that is later than the database timestamp. This error can result in failure to recover when changes are made to this page.

100005 wrong dbid error Indicates that the database ID dbid is stored on the database allocation pages. When this ID is incorrect, the allocation page is corrupt and all the indicated allocations are suspect.

100006 wrong object error Indicates that the page allocation is inconsistent. The page appears to belong to one table or index, but it is recorded as being allocated to some other table or index in the allocation page. This error differs from page object id error in that the allocation is inconsistent, but the consequences are similar.

100007 extent id error Indicates that an allocation was found for a table or index that is unknown to dbcc checkstorage. Typically, this results in the inability to use the allocated storage.

100008 fixed format error Indicates that the page incorrectly indicates that it contains only rows of a single fixed length. dbcc checkstorage reports this error. dbcc checktable does not report it, but does repair it.

100009 row format error Indicates that at least one row on the page is incorrectly formatted. This error might cause loss of access to some or all the data on this page.

100010 row offset error Indicates that at least one row on the page is not located at the expected page offset. This error might cause loss of access to some or all of the data on this page.

100011 text pointer error Indicates that the location of the table row that points to the corrupted text or image data. This information might be useful for correcting the problem.

100012 wrong type error Indicates that the page has the wrong format. For example, a data page was found in an index or a text/image column.

100013 non-OAM error This error is a special case of wrong type error. It is not reported as a separate condition in the current release.

100014 reused page error Indicates that a page is reached by more than one chain and that the chains belong to different objects. This error indicates illegal sharing of a page through corrupt page chain linkages. Access to data in either or both tables might be affected.



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100015 page loop error Indicates that a page is reached a second time while following the page chain for an object, which indicates a loop in the page chain. A loop can result in a session hanging indefinitely while accessing data in that object.

100016 OAM ring error Indicates that a page is allocated but not reached by the page chains for the object.Typically, this results in the inability to use the allocated storage.

100017 OAM ring error Indicates that the OAM page ring linkages are corrupted. This might not affect access to the data for this object, but it might affect insertions, deletions, and updates to that data.

100018 missing OAM error Indicates that dbcc checkstorage found an allocation for the object that was not recorded in the OAM. This error indicates a corruption that might affect future allocations of storage, but probably does not affect access to the presently stored data.

100019 extra OAM error Indicates that an allocation for this object was recorded in the OAM, but it was not verified in the allocation page. This error indicates a corruption that might affect future allocations of storage, but probably does not affect access to the presently stored data.

100020 check aborted error Indicates that dbcc checkstorage stopped checking the table or index. To prevent multiple fault reports, the check operation on a single chain might be stopped without reporting this error. When an object contains several page chains, failure of the check operation for one chain does not prevent the continuation of the check operation on the other chains unless a fault threshold is exceeded.

100021 chain end error Indicates that the end of the chain is corrupted. As a soft fault, it might indicate only that the chain was extended or truncated by more than a few pages during the dbcc checkstorage operation.

100022 chain start error Indicates that the start of a chain is corrupted or is not at the expected location. If this is a persistent fault, access to data stored in the object is probably affected.

100023 used count error Indicates an inconsistency between the count of the pages used that is recorded in the OAM page and the count of the pages used that is determined by examining the allocation pages.

100024 unused count error Indicates an inconsistency between the count of the pages reserved but unused that is recorded in the OAM page and the count of the pages reserved but unused that is determined by examining the allocation pages.

100025 row count error Indicates an inconsistency between the row count recorded in the OAM page and the row count determined by dbcc checkstorage.

100026 serialloc error Indicates a violation of the serial allocation rules applied to log allocations.


dbcc_types

1358

100027 text root error Indicates a violation of the format of the root page of a text or image index. This check is similar to the root page checks performed by dbcc textalloc.

100028 page misplaced Indicates that pages of this object were not found where they were expected to be from examination of the system tables. This usually indicates that sp_placeobject was used sometime in the past. In the dbcc_counters table, all misplaced pages are counted together, rather than being reported by device and partition.

100029 page header error Indicates an internal inconsistency in the page’s header other than the kind described by the other type codes. The severity of this error depends on the type of page and the inconsistency found.

100030 page format error Indicates an internal inconsistency in the page’s body other than the kind described by the other type codes. The severity of this error depends on the type of page and the inconsistency found.

100031 page not allocated Indicates that dbcc checkstorage reached an unallocated page by following a page chain. This condition might affect access to data stored in this object.

100032 page linkage error Indicates that dbcc checkstorage detected a fault with either the next or previous linkage of an interior page of a chain. If this is a persistent fault, access to data stored in the object is probably affected.

100033 non-contiguous free-space error

Indicates an invalid or inconsistent value for the non-contiguous free space on the page

100034 insert free space error Indicates an invalid or inconsistent value for the contiguous free space on the page

100035 spacebits mismatch Indicates an inconsistency in the page fullness indicator

100036 deleted row count error Indicates an invalid or inconsistent value for the deleted row count on the page

100037 Forwarded rows error Indicates an inconsistency between the forwarded rows indicator and the number of forwarded rows on the page

100038 Page header type error Indicates that a Page header format indicator set incorrectly


1359

Symbols& (ampersand)

“and” bitwise operator 222* (asterisk)

for overlength numbers 183multiplication operator 221select and 422

@ (at sign)local variable name 436–437procedure parameters and 512, 727rule arguments and 371

\ (backslash)character string continuation with 229, 718

::= (BNF notation)in SQL statements xxv

^ (caret)“exclusive or” bitwise operator 222wildcard character 237, 239

: (colon)preceding milliseconds 62, 107

, (comma)in default print format for money values 16not allowed in money values 17in SQL statements xxviin user-defined datatypes 782

{} (curly braces)in SQL statements xxvi

$ (dollar sign)in identifiers 230in money datatypes 17

.. (dots) in database object names 233, 759= (equals sign)

for assigning variables 632comparison operator 224for renaming column headings 632

! (exclamation point)error message placeholder 593

> (greater than)comparison operator 224

>= (greater than or equal to) comparison operator 224< (less than)

comparison operator 224<= (less than or equal to) comparison operator 224- (minus sign)

arithmetic operator 221for negative monetary values 17in integer data 11

!= (not equal to) comparison operator 224<> (not equal to) comparison operator 224!> (not greater than) comparison operator 224!< (not less than) comparison operator 224() (parentheses)

in expressions 228in SQL statements xxvin user-defined datatypes 782

% (percent sign)arithmetic operator (modulo) 221error message literal 595error message placeholder 593wildcard character 237

. (period)preceding milliseconds 62, 107separator for qualifier names 232

| (pipe)“or” bitwise operator 222

%nn! (placeholder format) 593+ (plus)

arithmetic operator 221in integer data 11null values and 224string concatenation operator 223

# (pound sign), temporary table identifier prefix 378£ (pound sterling sign)

in identifiers 230in money datatypes 17

?? (question marks)for partial characters 606

“ ” (quotation marks)comparison operators and 224

Index

Index

1360

enclosing constant values 65enclosing datetime values 19enclosing empty strings 227, 229enclosing parameter values 727, 1176enclosing reserved words 831in expressions 229literal specification of 229, 717single, and quoted_identifier 837

/ (slash)arithmetic operator (division) 221

[ ] (square brackets)character set wildcard 237, 238in SQL statements xxvi

[^] (square brackets and caret) character set wildcard 237~ (tilde)

“not” bitwise operator 222_ (underscore)

character string wildcard 237, 238object identifier prefix 210, 230in temporary table names 230

¥ (yen sign)in identifiers 230in money datatypes 17

Numerics0 return status 725, 1176

stored procedures 359“0x” 27, 28, 59

in defaults 323in rules 371writetext command and image data 721

2 isolation level (repeatable reads) 64121st century numbers 197-bit ASCII characters, checking with sp_checknames

8257-bit terminal, sp_helpsort output 10228-bit terminal, sp_helpsort output 1022

Aabbreviations

chars for characters, patindex 145, 147chars for characters, readtext 605

date parts 61, 107exec for execute 511out for output 353, 512tran for transaction, rollback command 625

abort option, lct_admin function 129abort tran on log full database option 872abs mathematical function 69abstract plan groups

adding 762dropping 920exporting 947importing 1030renaming 1108

abstract planscreating with create plan 349information about 1009viewing with sp_help_qplan 1009

accent sensitivitycompute and 312dictionary sort order and 589group by and 546

accent sensitivity, wildcard characters and 237access

ANSI restrictions on tapes 509access, object. See permissions; usersaccounting, chargeback

sp_clearstats 846sp_reportstats 1109–1110

accounts. See loginsACF. See Application Context Facilityacos mathematical function 70actions

modifying for resource limits 1055resource limit information on 1012specifying for resource limits 767

activation keyword, alter role 263add keyword

alter role 263alter table 268, 274

addingabstract plan groups 762aliases 739–761columns to a table 267constraints for tables 267date strings 751–753dump devices 786–787

Index

1361

engine groups 744engines to a group 744execution classes 745foreign keys 962–963group to a database 750interval to a date 102limits 766logins to Server 754–756messages to sysusermessages 595, 757–758mirror device 458–460mutually exclusive user-defined roles 263named time ranges 779objects to tempdb 394passwords to roles 263remote logins 763–765resource limits 766roles 369rows to a table or view 550–558segments 771–772servers 773–774space to a database 257–262table constraints 267thresholds 775–778time ranges 779timestamp column 200user-defined datatypes 40, 782–785user-defined roles 369users to a database 788–789users to a group 788–789, 823–824

addition operator (+) 221adhoc auditing option 791aggregate functions 47–53

See also row aggregates; individual function namescursors and 51difference from row aggregates 51group by clause and 48, 49, 534, 537having clause and 47, 535, 537not used on virtual tables 1254scalar aggregates 48, 537vector aggregates 48vector aggregates, group by and 537

aggregate-free expression, grouping by 535aliases

table correlation names 635aliases, column

compute clauses allowing 309

prohibited after group by 535, 536aliases, language

assigning 1119defining 751–753syslanguages table 1298

aliases, server 773aliases, user

See also logins; usersassigning 739assigning different names compared to 788database ownership transfer and 822dropping 904, 933help on 1027sysalternates table 739, 904, 1255

all auditing option 791all keyword

grant 522, 530group by 534negated by having clause 535revoke 616select 631, 645subqueries including 225union 686where 716

allocation map. See object allocation Map (OAM)allocation units

sysusages table 1337allow nested triggers configuration parameter 415allow nulls by default database option 873allow updates to system tables configuration

parameter 1253allow_dup_row option, create index 339alter auditing option 791alter database command 257–262

default keyword 257dumping databases and 260for load keyword 258for proxy_update keyword 258log on keyword 258offline databases and 260on keyword 257sp_dbremap and 880with override keyword 258

alter role command 263–266activation keyword 263add keyword 263

Index

1362

drop keyword 263exclusive keyword 263membership keyword 263passwd keyword 263

alter table command 267–291add keyword 268, 274adding timestamp column 200asc option 271check option 273clustered constraint 270constraint keyword 270default keyword 268desc option 271drop keyword 274exp_row_size option 274fillfactor option 271foreign key constraint 273identity keyword 269lock allpages option 274lock datapages option 274lock datarows option 274locking scheme 267max_rows_per_page option 272nonclustered constraint 270on keyword 272partition clause 274primary key constraint 270references constraint 273replace keyword 274reservepagegap option 272sp_dboption and changing lock scheme 289unique constraint 270unpartition clause 274user keyword 269when is data copy required 285

alternate identity. See aliases, useralternate languages. See languages, alternateampersand (&)

“and” bitwise operator 222and (&)

bitwise operator 222and keyword

in expressions 227range-end 225, 715in search conditions 715

angles, mathematical functions for 70

ANSI tape labeldumpvolume option to dump database 486dumpvolume option to dump transaction 500listonly option to load database 563listonly option to load transaction 572

ansinull option, set 655any keyword

in expressions 225where clause 716

ANYENGINE engine group 744application

attributes 170Application Context Facility (ACF) 170application context name 118application context, getting 118application context, listing 133application context, setting 170application contexts

removing 161applications

applying resource limits to 766dropping resource limits from 923modifying resource limits for 1054resource limit information on 1011

approximate numeric datatypes 14arguments

See also logical expressionsnumbered placeholders for, in print command 593,

594in user-defined error messages 599where clause, number allowed 718

arithabort option, setarith_overflow and 9, 58, 657mathematical functions and arith_overflow 63mathematical functions and numeric_truncation

59, 64arithignore option, set

arith_overflow and 58, 657mathematical functions and arith_overflow 64

arithmeticerrors 63expressions 220operations, approximate numeric datatypes and 14operations, exact numeric datatypes and 11operations, money datatypes and 16operators, in expressions 221

Index

1363

as keyword for renaming column headings 632asc index option

alter table command 271, 279create index command 336create table command 381

ascending index order, specifying 267ascending indexes 271ascending order, asc keyword 586, 640ASCII characters 71

checking for with sp_checknames 825ascii string function 71asin mathematical function 72asterisk (*)

multiplication operator 221overlength numbers 183select and 422

asynchronous prefetchconfiguring limits 1089

at optioncreate existing table 326create proxy_table 366create table 386dump database 485dump transaction 499load database 562load transaction 571

at sign (@)local variable name 436–437procedure parameters and 512, 727rule arguments and 371

atan mathematical function 73@@boottime global variable 213@@char_convert global variable 213, 679@@cis_rpc_handling global variable 213@@cis_version global variable 213@@client_csexpansion global variable 213@@client_csid global variable 213@@client_csname global variable 214@@cmpstate global variable 214@@connections global variable 214

sp_monitor and 1067@@cpu_busy global variable 214

sp_monitor and 1067@@curloid global variable 214@@dbts global variable 214@@error global variable 214

select into and 647stored procedures and 356user-defined error messages and 595, 602

@@errorlog global variable 214@@failedoverconn global variable 214@@guestuserid global variable 214@@hacmpservername global variable 214@@haconnection global variable 214@@heapmemsize global variable 214@@identity global variable 214, 555@@idle global variable 214

sp_monitor and 1067@@invaliduserid global variable 214@@io_busy global variable 214

sp_monitor and 1067@@isolation global variable 214, 679@@kernel_addr global variable 214@@kernel_size global variable 214@@langid global variable 214, 598@@language global variable 214@@max_connections global variable 215@@maxcharlen global variable 214@@maxgroupid global variable 215@@maxpagesize global variable 215@@maxspid global variable 215@@maxsuid global variable 215@@maxuserid global variable 215@@mempool_addr global variable 215@@min_poolsize global variable 215@@mingroupid global variable 215@@minspid global variable 215@@minsuid global variable 215@@minuserid global variable 215@@ncharsize global variable 215

sp_addtype and 784@@nestlevel global variable 215, 515

nested procedures and 359nested triggers and 415

@@nodeid global variable 215@@options global variable 215, 679@@pack_received global variable 215

sp_monitor and 1067@@pack_sent global variable 215

sp_monitor and 1067@@packet_errors global variable 215

sp_monitor and 1067

Index

1364

@@pagesize global variable 215@@parallel_degree global variable 215, 679

set parallel_degree and 662@@probesuid global variable 215@@procid global variable 215@@rowcount global variable 215, 679

cursors and 519set nocount and 679triggers and 414

@@scan_parallel_degree global variable 215, 679set scan_parallel_degree and 665

@@servername global variable 216@@shmem_flags global variable 216@@spid global variable 216@@sqlstatus global variable 216

fetch and 519@@stringsize global variable 216@@textcolid global variable 39, 216@@textdbid global variable 39, 216@@textobjid global variable 39, 216@@textptr global variable 38, 216@@textptr_parameters global variable 216@@textsize global variable 39, 216, 679

readtext and 606set textsize and 667

@@textts global variable 39, 216@@thresh_hysteresis global variable 216

threshold placement and 776@@timeticks global variable 216@@total_errors global variable 216

sp_monitor and 1067@@total_read global variable 216

sp_monitor and 1067@@total_write global variable 216

sp_monitor and 1067@@tranchained global variable 216, 679@@trancount global variable 217@@transactional_rpc global variable 217@@transtate global variable 217@@unicharsize global variable 217@@version global variable 217, 593@@version_as_integer global variable 217atn2 mathematical function 74attributes

execution classes 745remote tables 328

server (sp_server_info) 1188sp_addobjectdef and 761value 118

attributes application,lists all in all contexts 133

attributes, application 170audit trail

adding comments 740auditing

adding an audit table 742options, displaying 894sysauditoptions table 1258sysaudits_01 – sysaudits_08 tables 1259

auditing optionsadhoc 791all 791alter 791bcp 791bind 791cmdtext 791create 791dbaccess 791dbcc 791delete 791disk 791drop 791dump 791errors 791exec_procedure 791exec_trigger 791func_dbaccess 791func_obj_access 791grant 791insert 791load 791login 791logout 791reference 791revoke 791rpc 792security 792select 792setting 791setuser 792table_access 792truncate 792

Index

1365

unbind 792update 792view_access 792

authority. See permissionsauthorizations. See permissionsauto identity database option 873automatic operations

checkpoints 298datatype conversion 393triggers 408update of column, timestamp 17

avg aggregate function 75

Bbackslash (\)

for character string continuation 229, 718Backup Server

See also Utility Guideamount dumped, specifiying 934information about 1021multiple 774volume handling messages 1167–1170

backupsSee also dump, database; dump, transaction log;

load, database; load, transaction logdisk mirroring and 459, 469disk remirroring and 466incremental. See dump, transaction logmaster database 260

Backus Naur Form (BNF) notation xxvbase 10 logarithm function 136base date 19base tables. See tablesbasic display level for configuration parameters 898batch processing

create default and 323execute 511, 515return status 613–615set options for 675

bcp (bulk copy utility)changing locking scheme during 290select into/bulkcopy/pllsort and 876

bcp auditing option 791begin transaction command 293

commit and 304rollback to 626

begin...end commands 292if...else and 547triggers and 409

between keyword 225check constraint using 402where 715

binarydatatypes 27–29datatypes, “0x” prefix 27datatypes, trailing zeros in 28expressions 219expressions, concatenating 223representation of data for bitwise operations 222sort 88, 179

binary datatype 27–29binary datatypes

“0x” prefix 323, 371binary operation, union 687binary sort order of character sets 1023

order by and 589bind auditing option 791binding

data caches 798–801defaults 323, 802–803objects to data caches 798–801rules 373, 808–809unbinding and 473, 1157–1158, 1160user messages to constraints 807

bit datatype 30bitwise operators 222–223blanks

See also spaces, charactercatalog stored procedure parameter values 1176character datatypes and 24–26, 553, 697comparisons 224empty string evaluated as 229like and 238removing leading, with ltrim function 138removing trailing, with rtrim function 169in system procedure parameter values 727

blocking process 560, 1313sp_lock report on 951, 1037sp_who report on 1173

blocksize option

Index

1366

dump database 485dump transaction 499load database 562load transaction 571

BNF notation in SQL statements xxvboolean (logical) expressions 219

select statements in 548@@boottime global variable 213brackets. See square brackets [ ]branching 521break command 294, 719–720browse mode

select 641timestamp datatype and 17, 199

B-trees, indexfillfactor and 337

built-in function, ACF 118, 133built-in functions 43–211

See also individual function namesaggregate 47conversion 53date 61image 67mathematical 62security 64string 64system 66text 67type conversion 89–92

bulk copying. See bcp (bulk copy utility)by row aggregate subgroup 51, 305bytes

See also sizeper row 277

bytes option, readtext 605

Ccaches, data

binding objects to 798configuring 810–818dropping 817information about 813, 978logonly type 817memory pools 1085–1089

overhead 817, 978recovery and 813status 815unbinding all objects from 1159unbinding objects from 1157

calculating dates 104caldayofweek date part 107calweekofyear date part 107calyearofweek date part 107canceling

See also rollback commandcommand at rowcount 665duplicate updates or inserts 339queries with adjusted plans 663transactions with arithmetic errors 657triggers 627

capacity optiondump database 486dump transaction 500

cascade option, revoke 618, 621cascading changes (triggers) 411case expressions 295–297, 301–302, 581–582

null values and 296, 301, 581case sensitivity

and identifiers 230comparison expressions and 224, 237compute and 311group by and 545in SQL xxviisort order and 589

catalog stored procedures 1175–1200list of 1176return status 1176syntax 1176–1177

cdw. See caldayofweek date partceiling mathematical function 77chained option, set 658chained transaction mode

commit and 304delete and 448fetch and 518insert and 554open and 585sp_procxmode and 1096update and 695

chains of pages

Index

1367

partitions 274, 283text or image data 32unpartitioning 274

changes, canceling. See rollback commandchanging

See also updatingconstraints for tables 267database options 870–877database owners 822database size 257–262dbccdb workspace size 1224language alias 1119locking scheme 267, 274memory pools within data caches 1085names of abstract plan groups 1108object names 1103–1104passwords for login accounts 1079–1080passwords for user-defined roles 266resource limits 1054table constraints 267tables 267–291thresholds 1062–1065time ranges 1057user’s group 823–824user-defined roles 263view definitions 422

changing system tables, dangers of 1253char datatype 23–24

in expressions 228row sort order and 590

char string function 79@@char_convert global variable 213, 679char_convert option, set 658char_length string function 82character data, avoiding “NULL” in 227character datatypes 23–26character expressions

blanks or spaces in 24–26defined 219syntax 220

character setschanging names of 834, 837checking with sp_checknames 825checking with sp_checkreswords 830conversion between client and server 658conversion errors 235

fix_text upgrade after change in 429iso_1 235multibyte 235, 1023multibyte, changing to 429object identifiers and 235set char_convert 658sp_helpsort display of 1022

character sets in syscharsets system table 1275character strings

continuation with backslash (\) 229empty 229, 552specifying quotes within 229truncation 553, 667wildcards in 235

charactersSee also spaces, character“0x” 27, 28, 59, 371deleting, using stuff function 186not converted with char_convert 658number of 82wildcard 235–241

chargeback accountingsp_clearstats procedure 846–847sp_reportstats procedure 1109–1110

charindex string function 81chars or characters option, readtext 605check constraints

binding user messages to 807column definition conflict with 402displaying source text of 1024insert and 552renaming 1103–1104sysconstraints table 1281system tables entries for 1309–1310, 1312

check optionalter table 273create table 384

checkalloc option, dbcc 427checkcatalog option, dbcc 427checkdb option, dbcc 427checker, consistency. See dbcc (Database Consistency

Checker)checking passwords. See passwords; sp_remoteoption

system procedurecheckpoint command 298–299

setting database options and 872

Index

1368

checkpoint process 298–299See also recovery; savepoints

checkstorage option, dbcc 427checktable option, dbcc 428checkverify option, dbcc 428@@cis_rpc_handling global variable 213cis_rpc_handling option, set command 659@@cis_version global variable 213clearing accounting statistics 846–847client

character set conversion 658client, host computer name and 123@@client_csexpansion global variable 213@@client_csid global variable 213@@client_csname global variable 214clientapplname option, set command 659clienthostname option, set command 659clientname option, set command 659clients

dropping during failback 1325close command 300close on endtran option, set 659closing cursors 300clustered constraint

alter table 270create table 381

clustered indexesSee also indexescreating 335fillfactor and 337indid not equal to one 997migration of tables to 342, 394segments and 340, 342

cmd returned by sp_who 1173cmdtext auditing option 791@@cmpstate global variable 214cntrltype option

disk init 454disk reinit 463

coalesce keyword, case 301codes

datatype 1184ODBC datatype 1178

codes, soundex 180col_length system function 84col_name system function 85

collating sequence. See sort ordercollision of database creation requests 319collisions

hash key 1008colon (:), preceding milliseconds 107column data. See datatypescolumn identifiers. See identifierscolumn name

aliasing 600, 632as qualifier 232changing 833, 1103–1104checking with sp_checknames 825grouping by 535, 536in parentheses 51returning 85union result set 688views and 418

column pairs. See joins; keyscolumns

adding data with insert 551adding to table 267check constraints conflict with definitions of 402common key 853–854creating indexes on 335–348datatypes 1181defaults for 323–325, 552, 802–803dependencies, finding 833foreign keys 962–963, 1185group by and 535identifying 232joins and 1000length definition 84length of 84list and insert 550maximum number per table 277null values and check constraints 402null values and default 324, 373number allowed in create index command 341numeric, and row aggregates 51order by 639per table 277permissions on 523, 1179permissions revoked 617primary key 1090reserved 1253returned by sp_who 1172

Index

1369

rules 552, 808–809rules conflict with definitions of 373sizes of (list) 2–4unbinding defaults from 1160–1161unbinding rules with sp_unbindrule 1165–1166union of 688variable-length, and sort order 589views and 418

columns per table 277comma (,)

default print format for money values 16not allowed in money values 17in SQL statements xxviin user-defined datatypes 782

command execution delay. See waitfor commandcommand permissions 527–528

See also object permissions; permissionsgrant all 530grant assignment of 522–533levels 526revoking 617

commandscreate function 332display syntax of 1143–1144order-sensitive 528, 620rowcount range for 665statistics io for 666statistics time information on 666Transact-SQL, summary table 253–256

commentsadding to audit trail 740

commit command 303–304begin transaction and 293, 304rollback and 304, 626

commit work command. See commit commandcommon keys

See also foreign keys; joins; primary keysdefining 853–854dropping 913join candidates and 1000reporting 1002–1003syskeys table 1297

compact option, reorg command 611companion servers

configuring 855–857comparing plan groups 849

comparing plans 849, 851comparing values

datatype conversion for 718difference string function 113in expressions 224for sort order 589–590timestamp 199in where clause 718

comparison operatorsSee also relational expressionsin expressions 224symbols for 224where clause 713

compatibility, datacreate default and 324of rule to column datatype 372

compiled objectschecking for source text of 839displaying source text of 1024hiding source text of 1028

compilingexec with recompile and 512joins and table count 667sp_recompile and 1097time (statistics time) 666without execution (noexec) 662

complete_xact option, dbcc 428Component Integration Services

constraints for remote servers and 270, 273composite indexes 335, 348comprehensive display level for configuration

parameters 898compressed backups

making 485, 498unloading 561, 570

compute clause 305–312order by and 588, 640row aggregates and 50select 640without by 309

computing dates 104concatenation

null values 224using + operator 223

conceptual (logical) tables 411, 412concurrency optimization 842

Index

1370

concurrency_opt_threshold option, sp_chgattribute 842

configuration parameters 256, 608changing 858–862display levels 898help information on 979system tables for 1279, 1283

conflicting roles 265connect to command 313@@connections global variable 214consistency check. See dbcc (Database Consistency

Checker)constants

and string functions 65comparing in expressions 228expression for 219return parameters in place of 515

constraint keywordalter table 270create table 380

constraintsadding table 267binding user messages to 807changing table 267create table 395cross-database 401, 480displaying source text of 1024dropping table 267error messages 397indexes created by and max_rows_per_page 272information about 975, 984referential integrity 399renaming 1103–1104sysconstraints table 1281sysreferences table 1317system tables entries for 1278, 1309–1310unbinding messages with sp_unbindmsg 1164unique 397

consumer process 340consumers option, update statistics command 705contention, lock

monitoring with sp_object_stats 1074–1076continuation lines, character string 229, 718continue command 315

while loop 719control pages for partitioned tables 283

syspartitions and 1311updating statistics on 703

controller, devicesp_helpdevice and number 991

control-of-flow languagebegin...end and 292create procedure and 353

conventionsSee also syntaxidentifier name 232Transact-SQL syntax xxvused in the Reference Manual xxv

conversionautomatic values 8between character sets 235character value to ASCII code 71columns 393dates used with like keyword 22, 714degrees to radians 154implicit 8, 228integer value to character value 79, 198lower to higher datatypes 228lowercase to uppercase 201, 202, 203, 204null values and automatic 8, 393radians to degrees 112string concatenation 223styles for dates 90uppercase to lowercase 137where clause and datatype 718

convert function 89–92concatenation and 223date styles 90

copyingdatabases with create database 319–321the model database 319plan groups 863plans 863, 864rows with insert...select 550tables with select into 647

correlation namestable names 635

corrupt databaseslisting 1033recovery fault isolation mode 1128

corrupt indexes. See reindex option, dbcccorrupt pages

Index

1371

bringing online 960–961isolating on recovery 1128–1130, 1131listing 1035

cos mathematical function 93cot mathematical function 94count aggregate function 95count(*) aggregate function 95counters, while loop. See while loopCP 850 Alternative

lower case first 88, 179no accent 88, 179no case preference 88, 179

CP 850 Scandinaviandictionary 88, 179no case preference 88, 179

CPU usagemonitoring 1067

@@cpu_busy global variable 214sp_monitor and 1067

create auditing option 791create database command 316–322

default option 316disk init and 456for load keyword 317for proxy_update keyword 317log on keyword 316log on option compared to sp_logdevice 1042on keyword 316permission 530with default_location keyword 317with override keyword 317

create default command 323–325batches and 323

create existing table command 326–331datatype conversions and 329defining remote procedures 329mapping to remote tables 326server class changes 329

create function command 332create index command 335–348

index options and locking modes 347insert and 552sp_extendsegment and 948space management properties 346

create plan command 349create procedure command 351–362

See also stored procedures; extended stored procedures (ESPs)

order of parameters in 512, 514return status and 359–360select * in 357

create proxy_table command 366–367mapping proxy tables to remote tables 366

create role command 368grant all and 370

create rule command 371–374create schema command 375–376create table command 377–407

column order and 589locking scheme specification 403mapping proxy tables to remote tables 406null values and 89, 227, 269, 380sp_extendsegment and 948space management properties 404

create trigger command 408–425, 530, 621create view command 418–425creating

abstract plan groups 762databases 316–322datatypes 782–785dbccdb workspaces 1226defaults 323–325execution classes 745extended stored procedures 351–362, 746indexes 335–348limits 766named time ranges 779resource limits 766rules 371–373schemas 375–376tables 377–407, 633tables, with identity column 403thresholds 775–778time ranges 779triggers 408–417, 530, 621user aliases 739user groups 750user-defined audit records 791user-defined roles 368views 418–425

@@curloid global variable 214curly braces ({}) in SQL statements xxvi

Index

1372

currency symbols 17, 230current database

changing 709information from sp_helpdb 989space used by 1138–1140

current date 120current locks, sp_lock system procedure 560, 1036current processes. See processes (server tasks)current usage statistics 1109–1110current user

roles of 172suser_id system function 191suser_name system function 192user system function 207user_id system function 208user_name system function 209

cursor result set 441datatypes and 518returning rows 518

cursor rows option, set 659cursors

aggregate functions and 51closing 300compute clause and 309datatype compatibility 518deallocating 435declaring 438–443deleting rows 448fetching 518–520grant and 529group by and 537Halloween problem 442information about 867opening 585order by and 588read-only 441scans 441scope 439select and 646union prohibited in updatable 687updatable 441updating rows 697

curunreservedpgs system function 97custom audit records 791custom datatypes. See user-defined datatypescwk. See calweekofyear date part

cyr. See calyearofweek date partcyrillic characters 235

Ddamaged database, removing and repairing 429data caches

binding objects to 798configuring 810–818dropping 817information about 813, 978logonly type 817memory pools 1085–1089overhead 817, 978recovery and 813status 815unbinding all objects from 1159unbinding objects from 1157

data dependency. See dependencies, database objectdata dictionary. See system tablesdata integrity 552

See also referential integrity constraintsdbcc check for 426

data modificationtext and image with writetext 721update 690

data rowssize 1328

data_pgs system function 99database design

dropping keys 913logical relationships in 853, 962

database devicesalter database and 257defaulton or defaultoff status 892–893dropping 906dropping segments from 927–928dsynch setting of 890listing of 991new database 316sp_helpdevice system procedure 991status 892sysdevices table 1289system table entries for 1289transaction logs on separate 459, 467

Index

1373

database dump. See dump, database; dump devicesdatabase files. See filesdatabase object owners

See also database owners; ownershipidentifiers and 233sp_depends system procedure and 884

database objectsSee also individual object namesadding to tempdb 393binding defaults to 802–803binding rules to 808binding to caches 798dependencies of 884–889, 1288finding 888, 973ID number (object_id) 143identifier names 229listings of 969permissions on 527, 1014permissions when creating procedures 361permissions when creating triggers 417permissions when creating views 424permissions when executing procedures 361permissions when executing triggers 417permissions when invoking views 424referencing, create procedure and 357remapping 1098renaming 1103–1104select_list 600–601, 632sp_tables list of 1200space used by 1138–1140sysobjects table 1309–1310user-defined datatypes as 40

database options 872–877See also individual option nameslisting 870–877showing settings 872, 988

database ownersSee also database object owners; permissionsadding users 788changing 822dbo use only database option 873information about 1027name as qualifier 232, 233objects and identifiers 233permissions granted by 522transferring ownership 822

use of setuser 526database recovery order

sp_dbrecovery_order system procedure 878–879system databases and 879

databasesSee also database objectsadding groups 750adding users 788backing up 484–496binding to data caches 798, 799changing user’s default 1051checkalloc option (dbcc) 427checkdb option (dbcc) 427checking with sp_checknames 825checkstorage option (dbcc) 427, 428creating 316creating with separate log segment 504creation permission 321default size 318dropping 471dropping row lock promotion thresholds for 926dropping segments from 927–928dropping users from 933dumping 484–496getting name of 111help on 988ID number, db_id function 110increasing size of 257information on storage space used 989, 1138listing suspect 1033listing suspect pages in 1035listing with sp_databases 1183listing with sp_helpdb 988loading 561–569lock promotion thresholds for 1121number of server 319offline, altering 260options 870–877ownership 822recovering 561–569removing and repairing damaged 429renaming 1105–1107running out of space in 1148selecting 709setting row lock promotion thresholds for 1125storage information 1138

Index

1374

suspending 596system tables entries for 1285thresholds 1148unbinding from data caches 1157upgrading database dumps 567, 576use command 709

datalength system function 101compared to col_length 84

data-only locked tablesrestrictions for adding, dropping, or modifying columns

286dataserver utility command

See also Utility Programs manualdisk mirror and 460disk remirror and 467

datatype conversionsbinary and numeric data 60bit information 60character information 55, 56column definitions and 393convert function 91date and time information 57domain errors 59, 91functions for 53–61hexadecimal-like information 59hextoint function 121image 60, 91implicit 54inttohex function 126money information 56numeric information 56, 57overflow errors 58rounding during 56scale errors 59

datatype precedence. See precedencedatatypes 1–41

See also user-defined datatypes; individual datatype names

approximate numeric 14binary 27–29bit 30codes 1178, 1184comparison in union operations 688compatibility of column and default 324cursor result set and 518date and time 18–22

datetime values comparison 224decimal 12–13defaults and 802–803dropping user-defined 41, 932exact numeric 10–13hierarchy 6, 784, 1335integer 11–12invalid in group by and having clauses 537list of 2, 1335local variables and 436mixed, arithmetic operations on 221ODBC 1178physical 782sp_datatype_info information on 1184sp_help information on 969–974synonyms for 2systypes table 1335–1336trailing zeros in binary 28unbinding defaults from 1160–1161unbinding rules with sp_unbindrule 1165–1166varbinary 177

datatypes, custom. See user-defined datatypesdate

getting current 120date formats 19date functions 61–62

See also individual function namesdate parts

abbreviation names and values 61, 107entering 19order of 20, 660, 751

dateadd function 102datediff function 104–105datefirst option, set 106, 109, 660dateformat option, set 20, 660datename function 106datepart function 107dates

comparing 224datatypes 18–22default display settings 21display formats 660display formats, waitfor command 711earliest allowed 19, 61, 102entry formats 20pre-1753 datatypes for 61, 102

Index

1375

datetime datatype 19–22See also set commandcomparison of 224conversion 22date functions and 108values and comparisons 22

day date part 61, 107day-long time ranges 779dayofyear date part abbreviation and values 62, 107days

alternate language 751date style for 90in time ranges 779

db_id system function 110db_name system function 111dbaccess auditing option 791dbcc (Database Consistency Checker)

See also individual dbcc optionsreadtext and 606scripts and sp_checkreswords 832space allocation and 1081

dbcc (database consistency checker) 426–434dbcc auditing option 791dbcc traceon 432dbcc tune 432dbccdb database

changing workspace size in 1224creating workspaces in 1226deleting dbcc checkstorage history from 1229deleting target database information from 1228reporting allocation statistics from 1239reporting comprehensive information from 1237reporting configuration information from 1225,

1234, 1237reporting fault information from 1230, 1234reporting full details from 1237reporting I/O statistics from 1230stored procedures for use with 1221

dbid column, sysusages table 1337DB-Library programs

browse mode 641changing identifier names and 832dbwritetext and dbmoretext, writetext compared

to 723overflow errors 76, 190prepare transaction 592

set options for 662, 672waitfor mirrorexit and 711

dbo use only database optionsetting with sp_dboption 873

dbrepair option, dbcc 429@@dbts global variable 214dd. See day date partddl in tran database option 873deactivation of disk mirroring 468–470deadlocks

descending scans and 590deallocate cursor command 435deallocating cursors 435debugging aids

set showplan on 665set sort_resources on 666set statistics io on 666triggers and 415

decimal datatype 12–13decimal numbers

round function and 165str function, representation of 183

decimal pointsdatatypes, allowing in 12in integer data 11

declare command 436–437declare cursor command 438–443declaring

local variables 436parameters 352

default databaseSee also sysdevices tableassigning with sp_addlogin 754changing user’s 1051

default database devicessetting status with sp_diskdefault 892sp_helpdevice and 991

default database size configuration parameterin sysconfigures 318

default keywordalter database 257alter table 268create table 379

default language id configuration parameter 754default option

create database command 316

Index

1376

default segmentdropping 928extending 261mapping 772

default settingschanging login 756, 1051configuration parameters 860date display format 21language 754parameters for stored procedures 352set command options 672weekday order 109, 673

default Unicode multilingual 88, 179default values

datatype length 89datatype precision 89datatype scale 89datatypes when no length specified 352

defaulton | defaultoff option, sp_diskdefault 892defaults 552

binding 802–803checking name with sp_checkreswords 829column 269creating 323–325definitions and create default 323–325displaying source text of 1024dropping 473IDENTITY columns and 284remapping 1098renaming 833, 1103–1104rules and 324, 373system tables and 803system tables entries for 1278, 1309–1310, 1312unbinding 1160–1161

defining local variables 436–437defncopy utility command 831degree of parallelism

select and parallel 635degrees mathematical function 112degrees, conversion to radians 154delayed execution (waitfor) 710delete auditing option 791delete command 444–450

readpast option 444text row 38triggers and 412

truncate table compared to 684delete shared statistics command 451delete statistics command 451deleted rows

number of 1328deleted table

triggers and 411, 412deleting

See also droppingdbcc checkstorage history from dbccdb 1229files 906plans 905, 921target database information from dbccdb 1228unlocked rows 444

delimited identifierstesting 831using 830, 837–838

density optiondump database 485dump transaction 499load database 562load transaction 571

denying access to a user 1040dependencies, database object

changing names of 831recompilation and 1104sp_depends system procedure 393, 884–889sysdepends table 1288

desc index optionalter table command 279create index command 336create table command 381

desc optionalter table 271

descending index order, specifying 267descending indexes 271descending order (desc keyword) 586, 640descending scans 590

deadlocks and 590overflow pages and 591

detail option, sp_helpconstraint 984device failure

dumping transaction log after 502, 504device fragments

number of 319sp_helpdb report on 988

Index

1377

device initialization. See initializingdevices

See also sysdevices tablechanging names of 834, 836disk mirroring to 458–460dsync setting for 890information on log 1005master 260numbering 453, 462secondary 459system tables entries for 1289

dictionary sort order 589difference string function 113direct updates

to system tables 834, 1253dirty pages

updating 298–299disabling mirroring. See disk mirroringdisconnect command 313disk allocation pieces 1337disk auditing option 791disk controllers 454, 463disk devices

adding 453–457, 786–787mirroring 458–460sysdevices table 1289unmirroring 468–470

disk init command 453–457master database backup after 455

disk mirror command 458–460disk mirroring 458–460

database dump and 496database load and 568restarting 466–467sp_who report on 1173status in sysdevices table 1289transaction log dump and 510transaction log load and 578unmirroring and 468–470waitfor mirrorexit 710

disk option, sp_addumpdevice 786disk refit command 461

create database and 320disk reinit command 462–465

See also disk init commanddisk remirror command 466–467

See also disk mirroringdisk unmirror command 468–470

See also disk mirroringdismount option


displaycharacter sets 1022create procedure statement text 361database options 870–877procedures for information 354setting for command-affected rows 661source text of compiled objects 1024syntax of modules 1143

distinct keywordcreate view 418select 632, 645

distributed Transaction Management (DTM) 1150, 1282

distributed transaction processing (DTP) 429dividing tables into groups. See group by clausedivision operator (/) 221dollar sign ($)


domain rules 552create rule command 371mathematical functions errors in 63violations 552

“don’t recover” status of databases created for load 321

dots (..) for omitted name elements 233, 759double precision datatype 15double-byte characters. See Multibyte character setsdouble-precision floating-point values 15doubling quotes

in character strings 717in expressions 229in character strings 25

drop auditing option 791drop database command 471–472

damaged databases and 429drop default command 473drop index command 475

Index

1378

drop keywordalter role 263alter table 274

drop logins option, sp_dropserver 929drop procedure command 476–477

grouped procedures and 476, 512drop role command 478drop rule command 479drop table command 480–481drop trigger command 482drop view command 483dropdb option, dbcc dbrepair 429dropmessages option, sp_droplanguage 915dropping

See also deletingabstract plan groups 920aliased user 904character with stuff function 186constraints for tables 267corrupt indexes 431damaged database 429database devices 906databases 471–472dbcc dbrepair database 429defaults 324, 473grouped procedures 351groups 912indexes 475leading or trailing blanks 138lock promotion thresholds 911passwords from roles 263plans 905, 921procedures 476–477, 909remote logins 922, 929remote servers 929resource limits 923roles in a mutually exclusive relationship 263row lock promotion thresholds 926rows from a table 444–450, 480rows from a table using truncate table 684rules 479segment from a database 927–928table constraints 267tables 480–481tables with triggers 413time ranges 931

triggers 413, 482user from a database 933user from a group 823user-defined datatype 932user-defined messages 917user-defined roles 478views 483workspaces 1227, 1344

dsync setting 890DTX Participants 1282dump auditing option 791dump database

compress option 485dump database command 484–496

See also dump, databaseafter using create database 320after using disk init 455after using dump transaction with no_log 499dump transaction and 490master database and 490select into and 648

dump devicesSee also database devices; log deviceadding 786–787dropping 906dump, database and 485dump, transaction log and 499listing 991naming 485, 499, 506–507number required 567permission and ownership problems 787sysdevices table and 1289system tables entries for 1289

dump stripingdatabase dumps and 486transaction dumps and 500

dump transactioncompress option 498

dump transaction command 497–510See also dump, transaction logafter using disk init 455permissions for execution 510select into/bulkcopy/pllsort and 503sp_logdevice and 1042standby_access option 502trunc log on chkpt and 503

Index

1379

with no_log option 505with no_truncate option 502, 504with truncate_only option 504

dump, databaseacross networks 490appending to volume 495–496Backup Server and 492Backup Server, remote 485block size 485commands used for 504dismounting tapes 486dump devices 485, 491dump striping 486dynamic 490expiration date 487file name 487, 492initializing/appending 487interrupted 880loading 320, 561–569master database 491message destination 488new databases and 490overwriting 487, 495–496remote 492rewinding tapes after 487scheduling 490–491successive 495, 508system databases 491tape capacity 486tape density 485thresholds and 491volume changes 495volume name 486, 494

dump, transaction logacross networks 506appending dumps 501appending to volume 509Backup Server, remote 507command used for 504dismounting tapes 500dump striping 500expiration date 501file name 501, 507–508initializing tape 501initializing volume 509insufficient log space option 505

loading 570–578message destination 502permissions problems 503remote 507, 508rewinding tapes after 501scheduling 506tape capacity 500thresholds and 506volume name 500, 508

dumping databases 934dumpvolume option

dump database 486, 1168dump transaction 500load database 562load transaction 571

duplicate rowsindexes and 335, 339removing with union 686text or image 39

duplicationof space for a new database 320of a table with no data 648

duplication of text. See replicate string functiondw. See weekday date partdy. See dayofyear date partdynamic dumps 490, 506dynamic execution of Transact-SQL commands 511Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs)

unloading 964

Ee or E exponent notation

approximate numeric datatypes 15float datatype 5money datatypes 17

8-bit terminal, sp_helpsort output 1022else keyword. See if...else conditionsembedded spaces. See spaces, characterempty string (“ ”) or (’ ’)

not evaluated as null 227as a single space 26, 229, 552updating an 696

enable xact coordination configuration parameter 668

Index

1380

enclosing quotes in expressions 229encryption

compiled object source text 1028reversing 1028role passwords 1326user passwords 1303

end keyword 292ending days of named time ranges 779ending times of named time ranges 779enforcing resource limits 767engine option, dbcc 429engines

sysengines table 1291system tables entries for 1291

english language, U.S. See us_english languageequal to. See comparison operators@@error global variable 214

select into and 647stored procedures and 356user-defined error messages and 595, 602

error handlingin character set conversion 658dbcc and 433domain or range 63triggers and 415

error messages12207 579, 580character conversion 658printing user-defined 595system tables entries for 1307user-defined 598–603

errorexit keyword, waitfor 710@@errorlog global variable 214errors

See also error messages; SQLSTATE codesallocation 427, 430, 432arithmetic overflow 58convert function 55–59, 91datatype conversion 379divide-by-zero 58domain 59, 91number of 1067numbers for user-defined 598return status values 614scale 59trapping mathematical 63

errors auditing option 791escape characters 240escape keyword 240–241

where 714ESPs. See Extended stored procedureseuropean characters in object identifiers 235evaluation order 687exact numeric datatypes 10–13

arithmetic operations and 11exception report, dbcc tablealloc 430, 431exclamation point (!)

error message placeholder 593exclusive keyword

alter role 263exclusive locks 950, 1037exclusive option, lock table 579exclusive row locks 1039exec_procedure auditing option 791exec_trigger auditing option 791execute command 511–517

create procedure and 356executing

extended stored procedures 511procedures 511Transact-SQL commands 511user-defined procedures 511

executionoperating system commands 1205specifying times for 710

execution delay. See waitfor commandexists keyword

in expressions 225where 715

exitunconditional, and return command 613–615waitfor command 710

exp mathematical function 115exp_row_size option

create table 385, 404select into 633setting before alter table...lock 282sp_chgattribute 841sp_help report on 974specifying with create table 385specifying with select into 633

expand_down parameter

Index

1381

sp_activeroles 738sp_displayroles 902sp-displayroles 902

explicit null value 227explicit values for IDENTITY columns 555, 661exponent, datatype (e or E)

approximate numeric types 15float datatype 5money types 17

exponential value 115exporting plan groups 947expressions

definition of 219enclosing quotes in 229evaluation order in 687grouping by 536including null values 225insert and 550name and table name qualifying 234summary values for 309types of xxvii, 219

extended columns, Transact-SQL 539, 541extended stored procedures

C runtime signals not allowed 357creating 351–362, 746displaying 993dropping 476, 909executing 511system tables entries for 1278, 1309–1310

extendingdatabase storage 257segments 948

extensions, Transact-SQL 539extents 342

create table and 390dbcc indexalloc report on index 430dbcc report on table 431

external optioncreate existing table 326create proxy_table 366create table 385

F@@failedoverconn global variable 214

failures, mediaSee also recoveryautomatic failover and 468disk remirror and 466trunc log on chkpt database option and 876

family of worker processesfid reported by sp_lock 1038sp_familylock report on fid 950

fast optiondbcc indexalloc 430dbcc tablealloc 430, 431

fault isolationindex level 958, 1034

fetch command 518–520fetching cursors 518–520fid (family ID) number 950

sp_lock report 1038file names

configuration file 858database dumps 492DLL 353, 964listing database dump with listonly 563listing transaction log with listonly 572transaction log dumps 501, 572

file optiondump database 487dump transaction 501load database 563load transaction 572

filesSee also tables; transaction logdeleting 906inaccessible after sp_dropdevice 906interfaces, and server names 773localization 837mirror device 458

fillfactorcreate index and 337

fillfactor optionalter table 271create index 337, 346create table 382, 404sp_chgattribute 841

fillfactor valuesalter table...lock 281

finding

Index

1382

active roles 172cache bindings 810, 978character sets 1022, 1275configuration parameters 979, 1279, 1283constraints 984, 1281current date 120database ID 110, 1285database name 111, 1285database objects 973, 1309database options 870database settings 988, 1285datatypes 969, 1335device names 1289devices 991languages 1004, 1298object definitions 1278, 1312object dependencies 884, 888, 1288object information 969partition information 975, 1311permission information 1315permissions 1014reserved words 826resource limits 1011, 1319roles 1320segments 1018server names 1021server user ID 191server user name 192starting position of an expression 81thresholds 1026user aliases 211, 1255user IDs 208user names 207, 209users in a database 1027, 1339valid identifiers 210

FIPS flaggerinsert extension not detected by 557set option for 660update extensions not detected by 700

fipsflagger option, set 660first column parameter. See keysfirst page

log device 1005partition, displaying with sp_helpartition 975

first-of-the-months, number of 105fix option

dbcc 427, 430, 432dbcc indexalloc 430dbcc tablealloc 427

fix_text option, dbcc 429, 434fixed-length columns

binary datatypes for 27character datatypes for 23null values in 8stored order of 589

float datatype 15floating-point data 219

str character representation of 183floor mathematical function 117flushmessage option, set 660for browse option, select 641

union prohibited in 689for load keyword

alter database 258create database command 317

for load optioncreate database 320

for proxy_update keywordalter database 258create database command 317

for read only option, declare cursor 438for update option, declare cursor 438forceplan option, set 660forcing offline pages online 490foreign key constraint


foreign keys 397dropping 913inserting 962–963sp_fkeys information on 1185sp_helpkey and 1002syskeys table 1297

forget_xact option, dbcc 429format strings

print 593raiserror 599in user-defined error messages 599, 758

formatsSee also datesdate 19times in named time ranges 779

Index

1383

formats, date. See datesformulas

max_rows_per_page of nonclustered indexes 843

forwarded rowsnumber of 1328

forwarded_rows option, reorg command 611fragmentation, reducing 267fragments, device space

sp_placeobject and 1081free pages, curunreservedpgs system function 97from keyword

delete 444grant 526load database 562load transaction 571select 634sp_tables list of objects appearing in clause

1200update 691

front-end applications, browse mode and 199full name

changing with sp_modifylogin 1051specifying with sp_addlogin 756

full optiondbcc indexalloc 430dbcc tablealloc 430, 431

func_dbaccess auditing option 791func_obj_access auditing option 791functions 43

aggregate 47conversion 53date 61image 67mathematical 62security 64sortkey 177string 64system 66text 67

functions, built-in, type conversion 89–92future space allocation. See space allocation;

sp_placeobject system procedurefutureonly option

sp_bindefault 802sp_bindrule 808, 809

sp_unbindefault 1160sp_unbindrule 1165

GGB Pinyin 88, 179German language print message example 593get_appcontext 118getdate date function 120getting application context 118getting messages. See sp_getmessage system

procedureglobal allocation map pages 1292global audit options, sysauditoptions system table

1258global variables

See also individual variable namessp_monitor report on 1066

goto keyword 521grammatical structure, numbered placeholders and

593grand totals

compute 309order by 588

grant auditing option 791grant command 314, 522–533

all keyword 522drop role permission not included in 478public group and 524roles and 532sysprotects table 1315

grant optionsp_helprotect 1014sp_role 1112

grant option for option, revoke 618granting

create trigger permission 416, 530, 621greater than. See comparison operatorsGreek characters 235group by clause 534–546

aggregate functions and 48, 49, 534, 537having clause and 534–546having clause and, in standard SQL 538having clause and, in Transact-SQL 539having clause and, sort orders 545

Index

1384

select 638–639views and 423without having clause 544

groupingmultiple trigger actions 409procedures of the same name 351, 476, 512table rows 537

groupsSee also “public” groupchanging 823–824dropping 912grant and 532information about 995revoke and 623sp_addgroup 750sp_adduser procedure 788sysusers table entries for 1339table rows 534Windows NT domain 1208

guest users 208permissions 532sybsystemprocs database 726

@@guestuserid global variable 214

H@@hacmpservername global variable 214@@haconnection global variable 214Halloween problem 442hash-key collisions 1008having clause 534–546

aggregate functions and 47, 535, 537group by and 534–546group by extensions in Transact-SQL and 539negates all 535select 639

headings, column 535in views 418

@@heapmemsize global variable 214help

sp_syntax display 1143sp_sysmon display 1145

help reportsSee also information (server); system proceduresconstraints 984

database devices 991database object 969databases 988datatypes 969dump devices 991extended stored procedures 993groups 995indexes 996joins 1000keys 1002language, alternate 1004logins 1010permissions 1014remote servers 1021resource limits 1011segments 1018source text for compiled objects 1024system procedures 969–1027tables 969thresholds 1026users 1027

heuristic completion 428hexadecimal numbers

“0x” prefix for 323converting 59

hextoint function 121hh. See hour date parthierarchy

See also precedencedata cache bindings 799datatype 1335lock promotion thresholds 1121, 1126operators 221roles, displaying with sp_activeroles 738user-defined datatypes 784

hierarchy of permissions. See permissionshierarchy of roles. See role hierarchieshigh availability

configuring Adaptive Server for 855reconnection information 1325

histogramsspecifying steps with create index 346specifying steps with update statistics 705

historic dates, pre-1753 61, 102holdlock keyword

readtext 604

Index

1385

select 637, 1037host computer name 123host process ID, client process 122host_id system function 122host_name system function 123hour date part 62, 107hour values date style 90

II/O

concurrency_opt_threshold and 842configuring size 1085devices, disk mirroring to 458displaying total actual cost (statistics io) 666limiting 767log size 1048prefetch and delete 445prefetch and select 636prefetch and update 692usage statistics 1109

identifiers 229–235case sensitivity and 230delimited 830quoted 830renaming 234, 831reserved words and 826–838select 645set quoted_identifier on 830, 837–838sp_checkreswords and 830system functions and 210

identitiesalternate 739sa_role and Database Owner 208, 676server user (suser_id) 192set proxy and 677set session authorization and 677setuser command 681user (user_id) 208

identity burning set factor configuration parameter 554

IDENTITY columnsadding, dropping, or modifying with alter table

287automatic 873, 877

creating tables with 403database options using 874defaults and 284inserting values into 550inserts into tables with 554–555maximum value of 555nonunique indexes 874null values and 555selecting 555, 649updates not allowed 698views and 422

identity gapsetting 403

@@identity global variable 214, 555identity in nonunique index database option

setting with sp_dboption 874identity keyword

alter table 269create table 379sp_addtype and 782

identity of user. See aliases; logins; usersidentity_gap option

sp_chgattribute 842identity_insert option, set 661@@idle global variable 214

sp_monitor and 1067IDs, server role

role_id 163sysroles table 1320

IDs, time range 780IDs, user

See also loginsdatabase (db_id) 110server user 192stored procedure (procid) 663user_id function for 191

if update clause, create trigger 408, 409, 414if...else conditions 547–549

continue and 315local variables and 437

ignore_dup_key option, create index 339ignore_dup_row option, create index 339image datatype 31–40

initializing 36length of data returned 646, 667null values in 36

Index

1386

order by not allowed 588pointer values in readtext 604prohibited actions on 38size of 1138storage on separate device 604triggers and 412union not allowed on 689writetext to 721

image functions 67immediate shutdown 682impersonating a user. See setuser commandimplicit conversion of datatypes 8, 228importing abstract plan groups 1030in keyword

alter table and 273check constraint using 402in expressions 225where 715

inactive transaction log space 499included groups, group by query 539incremental backups. See dump, transaction logindex keys

asc option for ordering 343desc option for ordering 343maximum number of bytes 341number of 341ordering 343

index pagesallocation of 157fillfactor effect on 271, 337, 382leaf level 271, 335, 337, 382locks on 1038system functions 99, 157total of table and 157

index_col system function 124index_colorder function 125indexalloc option, dbcc 430indexes

See also clustered indexes; database objects; nonclustered indexes

ascending 271binding to data caches 798checking name with sp_checknames 825checking name with sp_checkreswords 829composite 348creating 335–348

dbcc indexalloc and 430descending 271dropping 475estimating space and time requirements 942IDENTITY columns in nonunique 874information about 996integrity checks (dbcc) 431joins and 341key values 706listing 475max_rows_per_page and 272, 383naming 336nonclustered 336number allowed 341object allocation maps of 430order of, reported by sp_helpindex 997page allocation check 430renaming 832, 1103–1104sp_placeobject space allocation for 1081–1082sp_statistics information on 1196space used by 1139specifying order of 267specifying sort order with alter table 279specifying sort order with create index 343specifying sort order with create table 395suspect 1032sysindexes table 37system tables entries for 1293truncate table and 684types of 335unbinding from data caches 1157update index statistics on 705update statistics on 341, 705views and 341

infected processeswaitfor errorexit and 711

information (server)configuration parameters 1279, 1283current locks 1036databases 1285–1287display procedures 354indexes 996space usage 348suspect indexes 1032text 361

information about, reporting

Index

1387

cache bindings 800current locks 1036data caches 813database devices 991database objects 969database owners 1027databases 988datatypes 969dump devices 991extended stored procedures 993first page of log 1005groups 995, 1027indexes 996join columns 1000keys 1002languages 1004locks 1036, 1074logins 1171performance 1145permissions 1014remote server logins 1010remote servers 1021resource limits 1011segments 1018server processes 1171server users 899, 1171source text for compiled objects 1024space usage 1138statistics, monitor 1066suspect indexes 1032thresholds 1026transaction log device 1005users, database 1027

information messages (server). See error messages; severity levels, error

init optiondump database 487dump transaction 501

initializingdisk reinit and 455, 462–465disk space 453–457text or image columns 37

in-memory map 260input packets, number of 1067insert auditing option 791insert command 550–558

create default and 323IDENTITY columns and 554–555null/not null columns and 422triggers and 412, 414update and 551views and 422, 556–557

inserted tabletriggers and 411, 412

insertingautomatic leading zero 28spaces in text strings 181

int datatype 11aggregate functions and 76, 190

integer datain SQL 219

integer datatypes, converting to 59integer remainder. See Modulo operator (%)integrity of data

constraints 395methods 396

integrity. See dbcc (database consistency checker); referential integrity

intent table locks 950, 1037interfaces file

changing server names in 836sp_addserver and 773

intermediate display level for configuration parameters 898

internal datatypes of null columns 8, 393See also datatypes

internal structures, pages used for 100, 157interval, automatic checkpoint 298into keyword

fetch 518insert 550select 633, 647union 686

inttohex function 126@@invaliduserid global variable 214@@io_busy global variable 214

sp_monitor and 1067is not null keyword in expressions 225is null keyword


is_sec_service_on security function 128

Index

1388

isnull system function 127insert and 553print and 595select and 646

ISO 8859-5 Cyrillic dictionary 88, 179ISO 8859-5 Russian dictionary 88, 179ISO 8859-9 Turkish dictionary 88, 179iso_1 character set 235@@isolation global variable 214, 679isolation levels

catalog stored procedures 1176identity in nonunique index database option and 874readpast option and 652repeatable reads 641system procedures 725

isql utility commandSee also Utility Programs manualapproximate numeric datatypes and 15

JJapanese character sets

object identifiers and 235Java columns, adding 286Java items

remove java command 609sp_helpjava system procedure 998sysjars table 1296sysxtypes table 1340

joinscount or count(*) with 96indexes and 341information about 1000null values and 226number of tables considered by optimizer 667sp_commonkey 853table groups and 541

jtc option, set 661

K@@kernel_addr global variable 214@@kernel_size global variable 214key columns

dropping with alter table 286key values 706keys, index. See index keyskeys, table 397

See also common keys; indexesdropping 913information about 1002syskeys table 853, 962, 1090, 1297

keywords 243–246as identifiers 826Transact-SQL 230, 243–244

kill command 559–560sp_who and 1173

Llabels

dump volumes 494, 568, 577goto label 521

@@langid global variable 214, 598language defaults 754

adding 751–753changing user’s 756

@@language global variable 214language option, set 661languages, alternate

alias for 1119changing names of 834, 837checking with sp_checkreswords 830date formats in 751dropping 915dropping messages in 917effect on date parts 109information on 1004installing 751official name 1119structure and translation 593syslanguages table 1004, 1298system messages and 661, 965system tables entries for 1298user-defined messages 757weekday order and 109, 673without Language Modules 751

last-chance thresholdlct_admin function 130

Index

1389

last-chance thresholds 131, 776, 1063LASTONLINE engine group 744latin-1 English, French, German

dictionary 88, 179no accent 88, 179no case 88, 179no case preference 88, 179

latin-1 Spanishdictionary 88, 179no accent 88, 179no case 88, 179

lct_admin system function 131leading blanks, removal with ltrim function 138leading zeros, automatic insertion of 28leaf levels of indexes

clustered index 271, 335, 337, 382leaving a procedure. See return commandlength

See also sizeof expressions in bytes 101of columns 84

less than. See comparison operatorslevels

nested procedures and 358, 515nesting triggers 415@@nestlevel 359permission assignment 526

license_enabled system function 132like keyword

alter table and 273check constraint using 402searching for dates with 21where 714wildcard characters used with 237

limit types 766elapsed time 766I/O cost 766modifying values 1054number of rows returned 766specifying values 766

limited daysmodifying for time ranges 1057resource limit information on 1011specifying for time ranges 779

limited timesmodifying for time ranges 1057

resource limit information on 1011specifying for time ranges 779

linkage, page. See pages, datalinking users. See alias, userlist_appcontext 133listing

database options 870datatypes with types 6devices 991existing defaults 473user group members 532

listing application context 133listonly option

load database 563load transaction 572

listscatalog stored procedures 1175commands 253–256datatypes 2dbcc stored procedures 1221error return values 615functions 44–47reserved return status value 615sort order choices and effects 589system procedures 725–737system tables 1249–1252

literal character specificationlike match string 239quotes (“ ”) 229

literal valuesdatatypes of 5null 227

load auditing option 791load database

compress option 561load database command 561–569load transaction

compress option 570load transaction command 570–578load, database 561–569

across networks 567, 568Backup Server and 568block size 562cross-platform not supported 565, 574disk mirroring and 568dismounting tapes after 562

Index

1390

file name, listing 563header, listing 564load striping 562message destination 564, 578new database 320remote 567restricting use 566, 576rewinding tapes after 563size required 566updates prohibited during 566volume name 562

load, transaction log 570–578disk mirroring and 578dismounting tape after 571dump devices 571file name, listing 572header, listing 572load striping 571message destination 573point-in-time recovery 573rewinding tape after 571until_time 573volume name 571

local alias, language 1119local option, sp_addserver 773local servers 773

See also remote servers; serverslocal variables

declare (name and datatype) 436raiserror and 599in screen messages 593in user-defined error messages 599

localizationchanging language names and files 837

location of new database 316lock | unlock option, sp_locklogin 1040lock allpages option

alter table 274create table command 385select into command 633

lock datapages optionalter table 274create table command 385select into command 633

lock datarows optionalter table 274

alter table command 289create table command 385select into command 633

lock nowait option, set lock command 662lock promotion thresholds 1120

dropping row with sp_droprowlockpromote 926setting row with sp_setrowlockpromote 1125sp_help report on 974sp_helpdb report on database setting 988

lock table command 579lock wait option, set command 662locking

cache binding and 800cache unbinding and 1158control over 1036–1039logins 1040monitoring contention 1074tables with lock table command 579text for reads 604

locking schemechanging 267, 274changing with alter table 267create table and 403modifying 274sp_help report on 974specifying with select into 633

locksdeletes skipping locked rows 444displaying information about 1036, 1074exclusive page 950exclusive table 950exclusive table and page 1037“FAM DUR” status 951intent table 950, 1037page 950, 1037reported by sp_lock 1036row 1039selects skipping locked rows 650shared page 950, 1037shared table 950, 1037sp_familylock system procedure 950–952sp_lock system procedure 1036–1039system tables entries for 1300types of 950, 1037updates skipping locked rows 690

lockscheme system function 134

Index

1391

log deviceSee also transaction logsinformation 1005purging a 491space allocation 320, 433

log mathematical function 134, 135log on keyword

alter database 258create database 316

log on optioncreate database, and sp_logdevice 1042

log segmentdbcc checktable report on 428not on its own device 428sp_helplog report on 1005sp_helpthreshold report on 1026

log10 mathematical function 136logarithm, base 10 136logging

messages 790select into 647text or image data 721triggers and unlogged operations 413user-defined events 1210user-defined messages 757writetext command 721

logical (conceptual) tables 411, 412logical consistency. See dbcc (database consistency

checker)logical device name 786, 892

disk mirroring 458disk remirroring 466disk unmirroring 468new database 316syslogs table 1042

logical expressions 219if...else 547syntax 220, 294truth tables for 227when...then 295, 301, 581

logical reads (statistics io) 666login auditing option 791logins

See also remote logins; usersaccounting statistics 846, 1109adding to Servers 754–756

alias 739, 904applying resource limits to 766changing current database owner 822char_convert setting for 658disabling 682dropping 916, 929dropping resource limits from 923information about 1010information on 899locking 1040–1041modifying accounts 1051–1053modifying resource limits for 1054number of 1067options for remote 1099password change 1079–1080“probe” 1110, 1303remote 922, 929resource limit information on 1011syslogins table 1303–1304sysremotelogins table 763–765, 922, 929, 1318unlocking 1040–1041

logout auditing option 791logs. See segments; transaction logslogsegment log storage

dropping 928log10 mathematical function 136loops

break and 294continue and 315goto label 521syslogs changes and infinite 1305trigger chain infinite 415while 294, 719

lower and higher datatypes. See precedencelower and higher roles. See role hierarchieslower string function 137lowercase letters, sort order and 589

See also case sensitivityltrim string function 138

Mmachine ticks 1067macintosh character set 235mail messages, server

Index

1392

deleting 1207processing 1091–1092reading 1211sending 1214starting session 1218stopping session 1219

making compressed backups 485, 498mapping

databases 880remote users 763system and default segments 261sysusages table 1337

markers, user-defined. See placeholders; savepointsmaster database

See also recovery of master database; databasesalter database and 260backing up 504checking with sp_checkreswords 829create database and 320disk init and 455disk mirror and 459disk refit and 461disk reinit and 462disk remirror and 466disk unmirror and 469dropping databases and 471sp_dboption and 872system procedure tables 728system tables 1249–1250thresholds and 777, 1064transaction log purging 491, 504

master device 260matching

See also Pattern matchingname and table name 234

mathematical functions 62–64max aggregate function 139@@max_connections global variable 215max_rows_per_page option

alter table 272, 281changing with sp_relimit 841create index 338, 346create table 383, 404select into 633sp_chgattribute 841

@@maxcharlen global variable 214

@@maxgroupid global variable 215maximum number of columns 277maximum row size 277@@maxpagesize global variable 215@@maxspid global variable 215@@maxsuid global variable 215@@maxuserid global variable 215membership keyword

alter role 263memory

See also spacefreeing from XP Server 964mapping 880releasing with deallocate cursor 435used by configuration parameters 979

memory poolsconfiguring 1085configuring asynchronous prefetch limits 1089configuring wash percentage 1088defaults 811minimum size of 1087sp_logiosize and 1048transaction logs and 1088

@@mempool_addr global variable 215message output parameter, sp_getmessage 965messages

adding user-defined 757–758dropping system with sp_droplanguage 915dropping user-defined 917language setting for 661, 917, 965logging 790mathematical functions and 64number for 757, 790, 917, 965printing user-defined 593–595revoke 622screen 593–595sp_getmessage procedure 965sysmessages table 1307system procedure 728sysusermessages table 757–758, 1338trigger 412, 482unbinding with sp_unbindmsg 1164user-defined 1338

mi. See minute date partmidnights, number of 104migration

Index

1393

of system log to another device 456of tables to clustered indexes 342, 394

millisecond date part 62, 107millisecond values, datediff results in 104min aggregate function 141@@min_poolsize global variable 215@@mingroupid global variable 215@@minspid global variable 215@@minsuid global variable 215minus sign (-)

in integer data 11subtraction operator 221

@@minuserid global variable 215minute date part 62, 107mirror keyword, disk mirror 458mirrorexit keyword

waitfor 710mirroring. See disk mirroringmistakes, user. See errorsmixed datatypes, arithmetic operations on 221mm. See month date partmode option, disk unmirror 468model database

changing database options 872copying the 319user-defined datatypes in 40

modifyingconfiguration parameter display level 898configuration parameters 858databases 257locking scheme 274login accounts 1051named time ranges 1057resource limits 1054roles 263tables 267thresholds 1062

modifying abstract plans 1124modules, display syntax of 1143modulo operator (%) 221money

default comma placement 16symbols 230

money datatype 17, 19arithmetic operations and 16

monitoring

lock contention 1074space remaining 775, 776, 1063system activity 1066

month date part 61, 107month values

alternate language 751, 1298date part abbreviation and 61, 107date style 90short (abbreviated) 1298syslanguages table 1298

movingindexes 1081tables 1081transaction logs 1042user to new group 823

MRU replacement strategydisabling 819

ms. See millisecond date partmultibyte character sets

changing to 429converting 56fix_text upgrade for 429, 434identifier names 235nchar datatype for 23readtext and 606readtext using characters for 606sort order 1023sp_helpsort output 1023wildcard characters and 239writetext and 723

multicolumn index. See composite indexesmultilingual, Unicode 88, 179multiple trigger actions 409multiplication operator (*) 221multitable views 700

See also viewsdelete and 422, 447

mut_excl_roles system function 142mutual authentication option, sp_serveroption 1115mutual exclusivity of roles

mut_excl_roles and 142mutually exclusive roles 263

Index

1394

N“N/A”, using “NULL” or 227name of device

disk mirroring and 458disk remirroring and 466disk unmirroring and 468dump device 485, 499physical, disk reinit and 462remote dump device 567

name optiondisk init 453disk reinit 462

named time rangesadding 779“at all times” 780, 931changing active time ranges 781creating 779dropping 931entire day 779IDs for 780modifying 1057overlapping 780systimeranges system table 1331

namesSee also identifiersalias 739, 904, 933alias for table 635assigning different, compared to aliases 788changing database object 1103–1104changing identifier 831character set 1275checking with sp_checknames 825checking with sp_checkreswords 826checking with valid_name 234column, in views 418date parts 61, 107db_name function 111DLL file 964finding similar-sounding 180host computer 123index_col and index 124object_name function 144omitted elements of (..) 233parameter, in create procedure 352qualifying database objects 232, 235remote user 922

segment 272, 340, 383, 386server 773server attribute 1188setuser 681sort order 1275sorting groups of 545suser_name function 192user system function 207user_name function 209user’s full 754view 483weekday numbers and 109

namingcolumns in views 418conventions 229–235cursors 439database device 453database objects 229–235file 453groups 750identifiers 229–235indexes 336stored procedures 357tables 378temporary tables 393time ranges 779triggers 408user-defined datatypes 40, 784views 418

national character. See nchar datatypenatural logarithm 134, 135nchar datatype 23–24@@ncharsize global variable 215

sp_addtype and 784negative sign (-) in money values 17nested select statements. See select command;

subqueriesnesting

aggregate functions 48begin...end blocks 292cursors 867if...else conditions 549levels 358levels of triggers 415stored procedures 357, 515string functions 65

Index

1395

triggers 415while loops 720while loops, break and 294

@@nestlevel global variable 215, 515nested procedures and 359nested triggers and 415

net password encryption optionsp_serveroption 1115

%nn! (placeholder format) 593no chkpt on recovery database option

setting with sp_dboption 875no free space acctg database option

setting with sp_dboption 875no_log option, dump transaction 499no_truncate option, dump transaction 502nocount option, set 661@@nodeid global variable 215nodismount option


noexec option, set 662nofix option, dbcc

checkalloc and 427indexalloc and 430tablealloc and 432

noholdlock keyword, select 604, 637noinit option

dump database 487dump transaction 501

nonclustered constraintalter table 270create table 381

nonclustered indexes 336“none”, using “NULL” or 227noserial option, disk mirror 458not keyword


not like keyword 236not null keyword

create table 89, 269, 380not null values

dropping defaults for 473insert and 553

select statements and 646sp_addtype and 783spaces in 26for user-defined data 783views and 422

notify optiondump database 488dump transaction 502load database 564load transaction 573

nounload optiondump database 487dump transaction 501load database 563load transaction 571

nowait optionlock table command 579set lock command 662

nowait option, shutdown 682null keyword

create table 89, 269, 379, 380in expressions 225

null string in character columns 186, 227null values

check constraints and 402column datatype conversion for 26column defaults and 324, 373default parameters as 226defining 324, 392dropping defaults for 473in expressions 226group by and 537inserting substitute values for 553new column 324new rules and column definition 373null defaults and 324, 373select statements and 646sort order of 588sp_addtype and 782stored procedures cannot return 615text and image columns 36, 553triggers and 414for user-defined datatypes 782

nullif expressions 581–582nullif keyword 581number (quantity of)

Index

1396

active dumps or loads 492, 507, 567, 577arguments and placeholders 594arguments, in a where clause 718bytes in returned text 606bytes per row 277clustered indexes 335columns for index key 341databases reported by sp_countmetadada 865databases server can manage 319deleted rows 1328device fragments 319different triggers 412first-of-the-months 105forwarded rows 1328groups per user 823having clause search arguments 535index leaf pages 1328index levels 1328indexes 865logical reads (statistics io) 666messages per constraint 807midnights 104named segments 319nesting levels 358nesting levels, for triggers 415nonclustered indexes 336, 341OAM pages 1328open objects 865pages 1328parameters in a procedure 437physical reads (statistics io) 666placeholders in a format string 594rows 1328rows in count(*) 95rows reported by rowcnt 167scans (statistics io) 666steps for distribution histogram 339stored procedure parameters 356Sundays 105tables allowed in a query 634tables per database 390updates 416user-defined roles 369

number of charactersdate interpretation and 22

number of columns

in an order by clause 588per table 277, 390in a view 421

number of pagesallocated to table or index 157in an extent 342, 390reserved_pgs function 157statistics io and 666used by table and clustered index (total) 205used by table or index 99used_pgs function 205written (statistics io) 666

numbersSee also IDs, userasterisks (**) for overlength 183converting strings of 26database ID 110datatype code 1178device 991error return values (server) 614global variable unit 1067message 757, 790, 917, 965object ID 143ODBC datatype code 1178odd or even binary 28placeholder (%nn!) 593procid setting 663random float 155same name group procedure 351, 476, 512select list 639spid (server process ID) 1171statistics io 666virtual device 453, 456, 462weekday names and 109, 660, 751

numeric datarow aggregates and 51

numeric datatype 12range and storage size 3

numeric expressions 219round function for 165

nvarchar datatype 24spaces in 24

Index

1397

Oobject Allocation Map (OAM) pages 206

number of 1328object allocation map (OAM) pages

dbcc indexalloc and 430dbcc report on table 431

object names, databaseSee also identifierschecking with sp_checknames 825checking with sp_checkreswords 829as parameters 352in stored procedures 358, 360user-defined datatype names as 40

object owners. See database object ownersobject permissions

See also command permissions; permissionsgrant 522–533grant all 530

object_id system function 143object_name system function 144objects. See database objects; databasesODBC. See Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) API

datatypesof option, declare cursor 438official language name 752, 1119

See also aliases; languages, alternateoffline databases and alter database command 260offset position, readtext command 604offsets option, set 662on keyword

alter database 257alter table 272create database command 316create index 340, 342create table 383, 386

online database command 567, 583, 583–584bringing databases online 567dump transaction and 574load transaction and 574upgrades and 576

Open Client applicationsconnection security with 764keywords 662procid setting 663set options for 662, 672

open command 585

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) API datatypes 1178

opening cursors 585operating system commands 1205operators

arithmetic 221bitwise 222–223comparison 224precedence 221

optdiag utilityflushing in-memory statistics 956loading simulated statistics 452, 679overwriting statistics with create index 346

optimizationqueries (sp_recompile) 1097

optimized reportdbcc indexalloc 430dbcc tablealloc 431

optimizerjoin selectivity 667

optionsSee also configuration parametersdatabase 870–877remote logins 1099–1100remote servers 1115–1118

@@options global variable 215, 679or keyword


orderSee also indexes; precedence; sort orderof arguments in translated strings 593ascending sort 586, 640of column list and insert data 550of columns (fixed- and variable-length) 589of creating indexes 342of date parts 660, 751descending sort 586, 640error message arguments 593of evaluation 687of execution of operators in expressions 221of names in a group 545of null values 588of date parts 20of parameters in create procedure 512, 514reversing character expression 158

Index

1398

for unbinding a rule 372weekday numeric 109

order by clause 177, 586–591compute by and 309, 588, 640select and 639

order of commands 528, 620original identity, resuming an (setuser command) 681other users, qualifying objects owned by 235output

dbcc 434packets, number of 1067zero-length string 595

output optioncreate procedure 353, 512execute 512return parameter 512sp_getmessage 965

overflow errorsDB-Library 76, 190set arithabort and 657

overheaddata caches 817triggers 412

overlapping time ranges 780override. See with override optionoverwriting triggers 412, 482owners. See database object owners; database ownersowners. See Database Owners; database object ownersownership

See also permissions; setuser commandof command and object permissions 526dump devices and 787of objects being referenced 235of rules 373of stored procedures 362of triggers 417of views 425

P@@pack_received global variable 215

sp_monitor and 1067@@pack_sent global variable 215

sp_monitor and 1067@@packet_errors global variable 215

sp_monitor and 1067padding, data

blanks and 23, 552underscores in temporary table names 230with zeros 28

page lockstypes of 950, 1037

page splits 272, 338, 383pages

ratio of filled to empty 267pages, control

syspartitions and 1311updating statistics on 703

pages, dataSee also index pages; table pagesallocation of 157chain of 32, 274, 283–284computing number of, with sp_spaceused 1139data_pgs system function 99extents and 343, 390extents and dbcc tablealloc 431extents reported by dbcc indexalloc 430locks held on 950, 1037multibyte characters and 429number of 1328reserved_pgs system function 157statistics io and 666used for internal structures 100, 157used in a table or index 99, 205used_pgs system function 205

pages, global allocation map 1292pages, index

number of 1328number used in nonclustered 205

pages, OAM (Object Allocation Map)number of 206

pages, OAM (object allocation map)dbcc indexalloc report on 430dbcc report on table 431

pages, overflowdescending scans and 591

@@pagesize global variable 215pagesize system function 145pair of columns. See common keys; joinspair, mirrored 468parallel keyword, select command 635

Index

1399

@@parallel_degree global variable 215, 679set parallel_degree and 662

parallel_degree option, set command 662parameters, procedure

datatypes 352defaults 352execute and 512naming 352not part of transactions 516ways to supply 512, 514, 727, 1176

parentheses ()See also Symbols section of this indexin an expression 228in SQL statements xxvin user-defined datatypes 782

parseonly option, set 662partial characters, reading 606partition clause, alter table command 274partition statistics

updating with update partition statistics 703updating with update statistics 702

partitioned tablesalter table 274size of 153

partitioningtables 267

passthrough modeconnect to command 313sp_autoconnect system procedure 796sp_passthru system procedure 1077sp_remotesql system procedure 1101

passwd keywordalter role 263

passwordsadding to roles 263adding to user-defined roles 265changing for user-defined roles 266date of last change 900dropping from roles 263dropping from user-defined roles 265encryption over network 1117roles and 263setting with sp_addlogin 754sp_password 1079–1080sp_remoteoption and 1099sp_serveroption and 1117

trusted logins or verifying 1099user-defined roles and 368, 665

path nameDLL and extended stored procedures 353dump device 786mirror device 458remote dump device 567

patindex string function 147text/image function 39

pattern matching 235See also String functions; wildcard characterscatalog stored procedure parameters 1177charindex string function 81difference string function 113patindex string function 148

PC DB-Library. See DB-Library programspercent sign (%)

error message placeholder 593literal in error messages 595modulo operator 221wildcard character 237

performanceconcurrency optimization 842information about 1145select into and 648showplan and diagnostics 665sort_resources and diagnostics 666triggers and 412writetext during dump database 723

period (.)preceding milliseconds 107separator for qualifier names 232

permissionsassigned by database owner 522assigning 522changing with setuser 681command 527–528creating with create schema 375–376displaying user’s 899dump devices and 787for creating triggers 416, 530, 621grant 522–533granting 1014information on 1014new database owner 822new database user 1053

Index

1400

object 527“public” group 527–528revoke command 616–623revoking 1014sp_column_privileges information on 1179sysprotects table 1315system procedures 726system tables 1252system tables entries for 1315

physical database consistency. See dbcc (database consistency checker)

physical datatypes 782physical device name 786physical reads (statistics io) 666physname option

disk init 453disk reinit 462

pi mathematical function 150placeholders

error message percent sign (%) 758print message 593

plancreate procedure and 353object 1312set showplan on and 665set sort_resources on and 666

plan groupsadding 762comparing 849copying 863copying to a table 947creating 762dropping 920dropping all plans in 905exporting 947information about 1007reports 1007

planschanging 1124comparing 849, 851copying 863, 864creating with create plan 349deleting 905dropping 905, 921finding 953modifying 1124

searching for 953sp_showplan output 1135

platform-independent conversionhexadecimal strings to integer values 121integer values to hexadecimal strings 126

plus (+)arithmetic operator 221in integer data 11null values and 224string concatenation operator 223

pointersnull for uninitialized text or image column 196text and image page 196text or image column 36, 39, 604

pointers, device. See segmentspools, memory

configuring 1085defaults 811

pound sign (#) temporary table name prefix 378pound sterling sign (£ )


power mathematical function 151precedence

binding defaults to columns and datatypes 803of lower and higher datatypes 228of operators in expressions 221order-sensitive commands and 528, 620resource limits 769rule binding 373, 809of user-defined return values 615

preceding blanks. See blanks; spaces, characterprecision, datatype

approximate numeric types 15exact numeric types 12money types 16sp_help report on 972user-defined datatypes 782

preference, uppercase letter sort order 589prefetch

disabling 819enabling 819

prefetch keyworddelete 445select 636set 663

Index

1401

update 692prepare transaction command 592primary key constraint


primary keys 397sp_dropkey procedure 913sp_foreignkey and 962sp_helpkey and 1002sp_primarykey definition of 1090syskeys table 1297updating 410

primary option, disk unmirror 468print command 593–595

local variables and 437using raiserror or 595

printing user-defined messages 593–595priority

sp_setpsexe 1123privileges. See permissions“probe” login account 1110, 1303probe process, two-phase commit 1110, 1303@@probesuid global variable 215proc_role system function 152procedure groups 476, 512procedure option

create existing table 326procedure plan, create procedure and 353procedures. See stored procedures; system proceduresprocess logical name. See logical device nameprocess_limit_action option, set 663processes (server tasks)

See also serverschecking locks held 1036checking locks on 950–952, 1036–1039ID number 559, 1171infected, waitfor errorexit 711killing 559–560sp_showplan display of 1135–1136sp_who report on 559, 1171–1173sysprocesses table 1313system tables entries for 1313

processexit keyword, waitfor 710@@procid global variable 215procid option, set 663promotion, lock 1120

protection systemcommand and object permissions 526groups 750hierarchy of roles, groups and users 532locking logins 1040stored procedures 361user-defined roles 369

proxy option, set 664granting 523revoking 617

proxy tablesmapping to remote tables 326mapping to remote tables with create proxy_table

366mapping to remote tables with create table 406

ptn_data_pgs system function 153“public” group 532, 623, 1339

See also groupsgrant and 524information report 995permissions 527–528revoke and 618sp_addgroup and 750sp_adduser and 788sp_changegroup and 823sp_helpgroup report on 995

public keywordgrant 524revoke 618

punctuationcharacters allowed in identifiers 230enclosing in quotation marks 727, 1176in user-defined datatypes 782

Qqq. See quarter date partqualifier names 232, 235quarter date part 61, 107queries

compilation and optimization 1097compilation without execution 662execution settings 654–680keywords list 662sp_tables and 1200

Index

1402

syntax check (set parseonly) 662trigger firing by 411union 686–689views and 421with/without group by and having 537

query analysisset noexec 662set statistics io 666set statistics time 666

query plansrecompiling with sp_recompile 1097set showplan on and 665

query processinglimiting with sp_add_resource_limit 766modes 1093–1094set options for 654

question marks (??)for partial characters 606

quiesce database command 596–597quotation marks (“ ”)

comparison operators and 224for empty strings 227, 229enclosing constant values 65enclosing datetime values 19enclosing parameter values 727, 1176enclosing reserved words 831in expressions 229literal specification of 229, 717single, and quoted_identifier 837

quoted identifierstesting 831using 830, 837–838

quoted_identifier option, set 664

Rradians mathematical function 154radians, conversion to degrees 112raiserror command 598–603

compared to print 602local variables and 437using print or 595

rand mathematical function 155range

See also numbers; size

of date part values 61, 107datediff results 104errors in mathematical functions 63money values allowed 16of recognized dates 19set rowcount 665specifying for resource limits 766wildcard character specification of 238, 239

range locks 1038range queries

and end keyword 225between start keyword 225

ratio of filled to empty pages 267read only database option

setting with sp_dboption 875setting with sp_setsuspect_granularity 1128

read-only cursors 441readonly option, sp_serveroption 1115readpast option

delete command 444isolation levels and 652readtext command 605select command 634update command 691writetext command 721

readtext command 604–607text data initialization requirement 37

real datatype 15rebuild option, reorg command 612rebuild_text option, dbcc 430rebuilding

automatic, of nonclustered index 342indexes 431system tables 430, 432text and image data 430

reclaim_space option, reorg command 611recompilation

create procedure with recompile option 353, 357execute with recompile option 512stored procedures 357, 1097

reconfigure command 608records, audit 740recovery

data caches and 813displaying mode 1128dump transaction and 506

Index

1403

forcing suspect pages online with sp_forceonline_db 957

forcing suspect pages online with sp_forceonline_page 960

listing offline pages 1035listing suspect databases 1033setting mode 1128setting threshold 1131to specified time in transaction log 575time and checkpoint 298

recovery fault isolation 958, 1034recovery of master database 491

after using create database 320after using disk init 455

re-creatingindexes 431procedures 360tables 480text and image data 430

recursions, limited 415reducing

storage fragmentation 267reference auditing option 791reference information

catalog stored procedures 1175datatypes 1dbcc stored procedures 1221dbcc tables 1343reserved words 243system extended stored procedures 1203system procedures 725–728system tables 1251Transact-SQL commands 253–256Transact-SQL functions 43

references constraintalter table 273create table 384

referencing, object. See dependencies, database objectreferential integrity

triggers for 408–417referential integrity constraints 267, 399, 490

binding user messages to 807create table and 396cross-database 401, 480renaming 1103–1104sysconstraints table 1281

sysobjects table 1309–1310sysreferences table 1317

regulationsfor finding objects 888, 973sort order ties 589–590

reindex option, dbcc 431after sp_indsuspect 1032

reinitializing, disk reinit and 462–465relational expressions 220

See also comparison operatorsremapping database objects 1098remirroring. See disk mirroringremote logins

See also logins; usersdropping 922information on 1010sp_remoteoption for 1099–1100sysremotelogins table 763–765, 1318system tables entries for 1318trusted or untrusted mode 1099

remote procedure calls 646execute and 516rollback and 626sp_password 1080sysremotelogins table and 1318sysservers table and 1323

remote procedures, defining 329remote servers 646

See also serverschanging names of 834, 836constraints for 270, 273dropping logins 922information on 1021information on logins of 1010names of 773passwords on 1080sp_remoteoption and 1099–1100sysservers table 1323system tables entries for 1323

remote users. See remote loginsremove java command 609–610remove option, disk unmirror 468removing application contexts 161removing. See dropping; deletingrenaming 1103–1104

See also sp_rename system procedure

Index

1404

a database 1105–1107identity of object owner 526stored procedures 357triggers 413views 421warnings about 1104, 1106

reorg command 611–612repairing a damaged database 429repeatable reads isolation level 641repeated execution. See while loopreplace keyword, alter table 274replacing user-defined messages 757replicate string function 156reporting from dbccdb database

allocation statistics 1239comprehensive information 1237configuration information 1225, 1234, 1237fault information 1230, 1234full details 1237I/O statistics 1230

reportsplan groups 1007sp_who 559, 1171–1173types of dbcc 431

reserve option, lct_admin function 129reserved columns 1253reserved return status values 614reserved words 243–246

See also keywordscatalog stored procedures and 1176database object identifiers and 229, 230as identifiers 826–838SQL92 244system procedures and 727Transact-SQL 243–244

reserved_pgs system function 157reservepagegap option

alter table 272, 281create index 338, 346create table 385, 404select into 634sp_chgattribute 841sp_help report on 974

resource limitscreating 766dropping 923

information about 1011modifying 1054sysresourcelimits table 1319types of 766

restarting while loops 315restarts, Server

after using disk refit 461before using create database 318using dataserver utility 460, 467

restoringSee also recoverya damaged master database 461, 462database with load database 561–569

resultsSee also outputof aggregate operations 537cursor result set 441, 518order by and sorting 586–591of row aggregate operations 51

resume option, reorg 611retain option, disk unmirror 468retaindays option


retrievingerror message text 593, 965similar-sounding words or names 180

return command 613–615return parameters

output keyword 353, 512return status

catalog stored procedures 1176sp_checkreswords 829stored procedure 511, 613system procedures 725

reverse string function 158reversing encryption of source text 1028revoke auditing option 791revoke command 616–623

object and command permissions 526public group and 618sysprotects table 1315

revoke option, sp_role 1112revoking

create trigger permission 416, 530, 621role privileges using with override 478

Index

1405

right string function 160right-justification of str function 184rm_appcontext 161role hierarchies

role_contain and 162role hierarchies, displaying

using sp_activeroles 738using sp_displayroles 902

role optiongrant 524revoke 618set command 664

role_contain system function 162role_id system function 163role_name system function 164roles

adding passwords to 263checking with proc_role 152creating (user-defined) 368displaying with sp_activeroles 738dropping passwords from 263granting 532mutually exclusive 263permissions and 532showing system with show_role 172stored procedure permissions and 532sysroles table 1320syssrvroles table 1326turning on and off with set role 664

roles, systemin sysloginroles table 1302revoking 618

roles, user-definedlimitations 369mutual exclusivity and 142revoking 618turning on and off 665

rollback command 625–626begin transaction and 293commit and 304triggers and 413, 415

rollback transaction command. See rollback command

rollback trigger command 413, 627rollback work command. See rollback commandrolling back processes

checkpoint and 298parameter values and 516

round mathematical function 165rounding 165

approximate numeric datatypes 15datetime values 57money values 16, 56str string function and 183

row aggregates 51compute and 50, 305difference from aggregate functions 51

row length 277row lock promotion thresholds

dropping with sp_droprowlockpromote 926setting with sp_setrowlockpromote 1125sp_helpdb report on database setting 988

row locks 1039row size 277rowcnt system function 167@@rowcount global variable 215, 679

cursors and 519set nocount and 679triggers and 414

rowcount option, set 665rows, data

number of 1328rows, index

size of 1328size of leaf 1328

rows, tableSee also select commandaggregate functions applied to 537comparison order of 589computing number of, with sp_spaceused 1139create index and duplication of 335, 339deleting unlocked 444deleting with truncate table 684detail and summary results 51displaying command-affected 661grouping 534insert 551limiting how many returned 766number of 167row aggregates and 51rowcount setting 665scalar aggregates applied to 537

Index

1406

selecting unlocked 650size of 1328update 690updating unlocked 690ways to group 537

rpc auditing option 792rpc security model A option, sp_serveroption 1115rpc security model B option, sp_serveroption 1115rtrim string function 169rules

See also database objectsbinding 373, 808–809changing names of 833checking name with sp_checkreswords 829column definition conflict with 373creating new 371–374default violation of 324displaying source text of 1024dropping user-defined 479insert and 552naming user-created 371, 808remapping 1098renaming 1103–1104system tables and 809system tables entries for 1278, 1309–1310, 1312unbinding 1165–1166

running a procedure with execute 511

Ssave transaction command 628–629savepoints

See also checkpoint processrollback and 625setting using save transaction 629

scalar aggregatesgroup by and 537nesting vector aggregates within 48

scale, datatype 12decimal 7IDENTITY columns 12loss during datatype conversion 10numeric 7in user-defined datatypes 782

@@scan_parallel_degree global variable 215, 679

set scan_parallel_degree and 665scan_parallel_degree option, set 665scans

cursor 441number of (statistics io) 666

schemas 375–376permissions 376

scope of cursors 439scope of resource limits

changes to active time ranges and 781information on 1011specifying 768

search conditionsdatetime data 21group by and having query 535, 539select 638where clause 712–718

second date part 62, 107secondary option, disk unmirror 468seconds, datediff results in 104security

See also permissionscommand and object permissions 526functions 64views and 421

security auditing option 792security functions 64security mechanism option, sp_serveroption 1115seed values

rand function 155set identity_insert and 661

segmap column, sysusages table 1337segment column, syssegments table 1322segments

See also database devices; log segment; space allocation

adding 771–772changing names of 834, 837changing table locking schemes 289checking names with sp_checkreswords 830clustered indexes on 342creating indexes on 272, 340, 342, 383dbcc checktable report on 428dbcc indexalloc report on 430dropping 927–928extending 772, 948

Index

1407

information about 1018mapping 772mapping to a new device 261monitoring remaining space 775–778, 1062–

1065names of 272, 383, 386number of named 319placing objects on 340separation of table and index 342, 394sp_helpthreshold report on 1026syssegments table 1322system tables entries for 1322

select auditing option 792select command 177, 630–653

aggregates and 47altered rows and 277, 285create procedure and 357create view and 419for browse 199group by and having clauses 534insert and 553local variables and 437restrictions in standard SQL 49size of text data to be returned with 667in Transact-SQL compared to standard SQL 49variables and 436

select into command 633–648not allowed with compute 53, 310, 640

select into/bulkcopy/pllsort database optionselect into and 648transaction log dumping and 503

select list 600–601, 632order by and 639union statements 687

select option, create view 418selecting

unlocked rows 650self_recursion option, set 416, 665sentence order and numbered placeholders 593separation, physical

of table and index segments 342, 394of transaction log device 459, 467

sequence tree, object 1312sequence. See order by clause; sort orderserial option, disk mirror 458server aliases 773

server information options. See information (server)server process ID number. See processes (server tasks)server user name and ID

suser_id function 191suser_name function for 192

@@servername global variable 216servers

See also processes (server tasks); remote serversadding 773–774attribute names 1188capacity for databases 319dropping 929information on remote logins 1010local 773monitoring activity of 1066names of 773options, changing with sp_serveroption 1115–

1118remote 1021setting row lock promotion thresholds for 1125sp_server_info information on 1188upgrading and sp_checknames 825upgrading and sp_checkreswords 829

session authorization option, set 665revoking 523, 617

set command 654–680See also individual set optionsdefault settings 672inside a stored procedure 361inside a trigger 412lock wait 662roles and 664sp_setlangalias and language option 1119statistics simulate 666strict_dtm_enforcement 666transaction isolation level 668within update 691

set_appcontext 170setting

auditing options 791identity gap 403

setting application context 170setuser auditing option 792setuser command 681

user impersonation using 5267-bit terminal, sp_helpsort output 1022

Index

1408

severity levels, erroruser-defined messages 602

share option, lock table 579shared keyword

select 637shared locks 950, 1037shared row locks 1039shift-JIS binary order 88, 179@@shmem_flags global variable 216show_role system function 172show_sec_services security function 173showplan option, set 665shutdown command 682–683side option, disk unmirror 468sign mathematical function 174similar-sounding words. See soundex string functionsin mathematical function 175single quotes. See quotation markssingle user database option

setting with sp_dboption 876single-byte character sets

char datatype for 23single-user mode 876

sp_renamedb and 1105size

See also length; number (quantity of); range; size limit; space allocation

column 84columns in table 277compiled stored procedure 357composite index 336database extension 258estimation of a compiled stored procedure 357floor mathematical function 117identifiers (length) 230image data to be returned with writetext 722image datatype 31, 1138initialized database device 456log device 456, 1043new database 316of pi 150readtext data 604, 606recompiled stored procedures 357row 277, 1328set textsize function 667tables 390

text data to be returned with select 667text data to be returned with writetext 722text datatype 31text storage 1138transaction log device 320, 456

size limitapproximate numeric datatypes 15binary datatype 28char columns 23columns allowed per table 390datatypes 2–4datetime datatype 19double precision datatype 15exact numeric datatypes 11fixed-length columns 23float datatype 15image datatype 28integer value smallest or largest 117money datatypes 17nchar columns 24nvarchar columns 24print command 594real datatype 15smalldatetime datatype 19tables per database 390varbinary datatype 28varchar columns 23

size of auto identity column configuration parameter 873, 877

size optiondisk init 454, 463

skip_ncindex option, dbcc 427slash (/)

division operator 221smalldatetime datatype 19

date functions and 108smallint datatype 11smallmoney datatype 17, 19sort operations (order by)

sorting plan for 666sort order

See also orderascending 586changing, and sp_indsuspect system procedure

1032character collation behavior 176, 177

Index

1409

choices and effects 588comparison operators and 224descending 586group by and having and 545groups of names 545information about 1022order by and 588rebuilding indexes after changing 431specifying index with alter table 279specifying index with create index 343specifying index with create table 395syscharsets system table 1275

sort_merge option, set 665sort_resources option, set 666sortkey function 177soundex string function 180source text

checking for existence of 839displaying 1024encryption, reversing 1028hiding 1028

sp_activeroles system procedure 738sp_add_qpgroup system procedure 762sp_add_resource_limit system procedure 766–770sp_add_time_range system procedure 779–781sp_addalias system procedure 739sp_addauditrecord system procedure 740–741sp_addaudittable system procedure 742sp_addengine system procedure 744sp_addexeclass system procedure 745sp_addextendedproc system procedure 746sp_addexternlogin system procedure 747–749sp_addgroup system procedure 750sp_addlanguage system procedure 751–753sp_addlogin system procedure 754–756sp_addmessage system procedure 757–758sp_addobjectdef system procedure 759–761sp_addremotelogin system procedure 763–765sp_addsegment system procedure 771–772

in mixed data and log databases 772sp_addserver system procedure 773–774sp_addthreshold system procedure 775–778sp_addtype system procedure 782–785sp_addumpdevice system procedure 786–787sp_adduser system procedure 788–789sp_altermessage system procedure 790

sp_audit system procedure 791–795sp_auditdisplay system procedure 894–897sp_autoconnect system procedure 796–797sp_bindcache system procedure 798–801sp_bindefault system procedure 802–803

create default and 323, 803user-defined datatypes and 41

sp_bindexeclass system procedure 804sp_bindmsg system procedure 807sp_bindrule system procedure 808–809

create rule and 372user-defined datatypes and 41

sp_cacheconfig system procedure 810–818sp_cachestrategy system procedure 819–821sp_changedbowner system procedure 822sp_changegroup system procedure 823–824

sp_dropgroup and 912sp_checknames system procedure 825sp_checkreswords system procedure 826–838

return status 829sp_checksource system procedure 839sp_chgattribute system procedure 841–844sp_clearpsexe system procedure 845sp_clearstats system procedure 846–847sp_cmp_all_qplans system procedure 849sp_cmp_qplans system procedure 851sp_column_privileges catalog stored procedure

1179–1180sp_columns catalog stored procedure 1181–1182

datatype code numbers 1178and sp_datatype_info 1184

sp_commonkey system procedure 853–854sp_companion system procedure 855–857sp_configure system procedure 858–862

setting display levels for 898sp_copy_all_qplans system procedure 863sp_copy_qplan system procedure 864sp_countmetadata system procedure 865sp_cursorinfo system procedure 867–869sp_databases catalog stored procedure 1183sp_datatype_info catalog stored procedure 1184sp_dbcc_alterws stored procedure 1224sp_dbcc_configreport stored procedure 1225sp_dbcc_createws stored procedure 1226–1227sp_dbcc_deletedb stored procedure 1228sp_dbcc_deletehistory stored procedure 1229

Index

1410

sp_dbcc_differentialreport stored procedure 1230–1231sp_dbcc_evaluatedb stored procedure 1232–1233sp_dbcc_faultreport stored procedure 1234–1236sp_dbcc_fullreport stored procedure 1237sp_dbcc_plandb system procedure 1083–1084sp_dbcc_runcheck stored procedure 1238sp_dbcc_statisticsreport stored procedure 1239–1241sp_dbcc_summaryreport stored procedure 1242–1244sp_dbcc_updateconfig stored procedure 1245–1247sp_dboption system procedure 870–877

checkpoints and 298sp_dbremap system procedure 880sp_defaultloc system procedure 881–883sp_depends system procedure 393, 884–889sp_deviceattr system procedure 890–891sp_diskdefault system procedure 892–893sp_displaylevel system procedure 898sp_displaylogin system procedure 899–901sp_displayroles system procedure 902sp_drop_all_qplans system procedure 905sp_drop_qpgroup system procedure 920sp_drop_qplan system procedure 921sp_drop_resource_limit system procedure 923–925sp_drop_time_range system procedure 931sp_dropalias system procedure 904sp_dropdevice system procedure 906sp_dropengine system procedure 907sp_dropexeclass system procedure 908sp_dropextendedproc system procedure 909sp_dropexternlogin system procedure (Component

Integration Services only) 910sp_dropglockpromote system procedure 911sp_dropgroup system procedure 912

See also sp_changegroupsp_dropkey system procedure 913–914sp_droplanguage system procedure 915sp_droplogin system procedure 916sp_dropmessage system procedure 917sp_dropobjectdef system procedure (Component

Integration Services only) 918–919sp_dropremotelogin system procedure 922sp_droprowlockpromote system procedure 926sp_dropsegment system procedure 927–928

sp_placeobject and 927sp_dropserver system procedure 929sp_dropthreshold system procedure 930

sp_droptype system procedure 932sp_dropuser system procedure 933sp_dumpoptimize system procedure 934–938sp_engine system procedure 939–941sp_estspace system procedure 942–946sp_export_qpgroup system procedure 947sp_extendsegment system procedure 948sp_familylock system procedure 950–952sp_find_qplan system procedure 953–954sp_fkeys catalog stored procedure 1185–1186sp_flushstats system procedure 956sp_forceonline_db system procedure 957sp_forceonline_object system procedure 958–959sp_forceonline_page system procedure 960–961sp_foreignkey system procedure 962–963sp_freedll system procedure 964sp_getmessage system procedure 965sp_grantlogin system procedure (Windows NT only)

966sp_ha_admin system procedure 968

installing with installhasvss 968sp_help system procedure 41, 969–974sp_help_qpgroup system procedure 1007–1008sp_help_qplan system procedure 1009sp_help_resource_limit system procedure 1011–

1013sp_helpartition system procedure 975sp_helpcache system procedure 978sp_helpconfig system procedure 979–983sp_helpconstraint system procedure 984–987sp_helpdb system procedure 988–990sp_helpdevice system procedure 991–992sp_helpextendedproc system procedure 993sp_helpexternlogin system procedure (Component

Integration Services only) 994sp_helpgroup system procedure 995sp_helpindex system procedure 996–997sp_helpjava system procedure 998–999sp_helpjoins system procedure 1000–1001sp_helpkey system procedure 1002–1003sp_helplanguage system procedure 1004sp_helplog system procedure 1005sp_helpobjectdef system procedure (Component

Integration Services only) 1006sp_helpremotelogin system procedure 1010sp_helprotect system procedure 1014–1017

Index

1411

sp_helpsegment system procedure 1018–1020sp_helpserver system procedure 1021sp_helpsort system procedure 1022–1023sp_helptext system procedure 1024–1025sp_helpthreshold system procedure 1026sp_helpuser system procedure 1027sp_hidetext system procedure 1028sp_import_qpgroup system procedure 1030–1031sp_indsuspect system procedure 1032sp_listsuspect_db system procedure 1033sp_listsuspect_object system procedure 1034sp_listsuspect_page system procedure 1035sp_lock system procedure 1036–1039sp_locklogin system procedure 1040–1041sp_logdevice system procedure 1042–1043

log on extension to create database and 1042sp_loginconfig system procedure (Windows NT only)

1044–1045sp_logininfo system procedure (Windows NT only)

1046–1047sp_logiosize system procedure 1048sp_modify_resource_limit system procedure 1054–

1056sp_modify_time_range system procedure 1057–

1058sp_modifylogin system procedure 1051–1053sp_modifythreshold system procedure 1062–1065sp_monitor system procedure 1066–1068sp_monitorconfig system procedure 1069–1073sp_object_stats system procedure 1074–1076sp_passthru system procedure 1077–1078sp_password system procedure 1079–1080sp_pkeys catalog stored procedure 1187sp_placeobject system procedure 1081–1082sp_poolconfig system procedure 1085–1089sp_primarykey system procedure 1090

sp_foreignkey and 962sp_processmail system procedure 1091–1092sp_procqmode system procedure 1093–1094sp_procxmode system procedure 1095–1096sp_recompile system procedure 1097sp_remap system procedure 1098sp_remoteoption system procedure 1099–1100sp_remotesql system procedure 1101–1102sp_rename system procedure 1103–1104sp_rename_qpgroup system procedure 1108

sp_renamedb system procedure 833, 1105–1107sp_reportstats system procedure 1109–1110sp_revokelogin system procedure (Windows NT only)

1111sp_role system procedure 1112sp_sendmsg system procedure 1113–1114sp_server_info catalog stored procedure 1188–1191

sp_tables and 1200sp_serveroption system procedure 1115–1118sp_set_qplan system procedure 1124sp_setlangalias system procedure 1119sp_setpglockpromote system procedure 1120–1122sp_setpsexe system procedure 1123sp_setrowlockpromote system procedure 1125sp_setsuspect_granularity system procedure 1128–

1130sp_setsuspect_threshold system procedure 1131sp_showcontrolinfo system procedure 1132sp_showexeclass system procedure 1134sp_showplan system procedure 1135sp_showpsexe system procedure 1137sp_spaceused system procedure 1138–1140sp_special_columns catalog stored procedure 1192sp_sproc_columns catalog stored procedure 1194

datatype code numbers 1178sp_ssladmin system procedure 1141–1142sp_statistics catalog stored procedure 1196sp_stored_procedures catalog stored procedure

1198sp_server_info information 1189, 1190

sp_syntax system procedure 1143–1144sp_sysmon system procedure 1145–1147sp_table_privileges catalog stored procedure 1199sp_tables catalog stored procedure 1200

sp_server_info information 1189, 1190sp_thresholdaction system procedure 1148–1149

threshold procedure 776, 1063sp_transactions system procedure 429, 1150–1156sp_unbindcache system procedure 1157–1158sp_unbindcache_all system procedure 1159sp_unbindefault system procedure 473, 1160–1161sp_unbindexeclass system procedure 1162sp_unbindmsg system procedure 1164sp_unbindrule system procedure 1165–1166

create rule and 372drop rule and 479

Index

1412

sp_volchanged system procedure 1167–1170sp_who system procedure 1171–1173

columns returned 1172space

See also size; space allocationadding to database 257–262for a clustered index 271, 337, 343, 382clustered indexes and max_rows_per_page 272, 338database storage 271, 337, 343, 382dbcc checktable reporting free 428estimating table and index size 942–946extents 342, 390extents for indexes 430for index pages 271, 337, 382max_rows_per_page and 272, 338, 383monitoring remaining with sp_modifythreshold

1062–1065new database 316for recompiled stored procedures 357required for alter table...lock 289required for reorg rebuild 612retrieving inactive log 499running out of 499sp_spaceused procedure 1138–1140for stored procedures 356unused 1139used on the log segment 428, 499

space allocationSee also database devices; segmentsdbcc commands for checking 427–430future 1081–1082log device 320, 1043pages 431sp_placeobject procedure 1081–1082system tables entries for 1337sysusages table 1337table 390, 427

space management propertieschanging with sp_chgattribute 841create index and 346create table and 404

space reclamationreorg reclaim_space for 611

space string function 181spaces, character

See also blanks

in character datatypes 24–26empty strings (“ ”) or (’ ’) as 227, 229inserted in text strings 181like datetime values and 22not allowed in identifiers 230update of 697

speed (Server)binary and varbinary datatype access 27

speed (server)create database for load 319create index with sorted_data 339dump transaction compared to dump database

506execute 515truncate table compared to delete 684writetext compared to dbwritetext and dbmoretext

723@@spid global variable 216spid number 1313

sp_who output 1173in sysaudits table 1259in syslogshold 1306

spt_committab table 728spt_datatype_info table 1177spt_datatype_info_ext table 1177spt_monitor table 728spt_server_info table 1177spt_values table 728SQL (used with Sybase databases). See Transact-SQLSQL standards

aggregate functions and 49concatenation and 224set options for 680set session authorization and 665SQL pattern matching 1177user-defined datatypes and 783

SQLSTATE codes 247–252exceptions 248–252

@@sqlstatus global variable 216fetch and 519

sqrt mathematical function 182square brackets [ ]

caret wildcard character [^] and 237, 239in SQL statements xxviwildcard specifier 237

square root mathematical function 182

Index

1413

ss. See second date partstandby_access option

dump transaction 502online database 583

starting days of named time ranges 779starting servers

disk mirroring of master device and 460disk remirroring of master device and 467

starting times of named time ranges 779startserver utility command

See also Utility Programs manualdisk mirror and 460disk remirror and 467

statementscreate trigger 409in create procedure 353

statisticsdeleting table and column with delete statistics

451flushing to systabstats 956generating for unindexed columns 706returned by global variables 1066simulated, loading 452, 679sp_clearstats procedure 846sp_monitor 1066sp_reportstats 1109–1110system tables and 1327, 1328

statistics clause, create index command 339statistics io option, set 666statistics simulate option, set command 666statistics subquerycache option, set 666statistics time option, set 666status

database device 892stored procedures execution 515

status bits in sysdevices 1289stopping

procedures. See return commandservers 682

storage fragmentation, reducing 267storage management

text and image data 37stored procedure triggers. See triggersstored procedures

See also database objects; system procedurescache binding and 800, 1158

catalog 1175–1200changing transaction modes with sp_procxmode

1095–1096creating 351–362for dbccdb database 1221displaying query processing modes with

sp_procqmode 1093–1094dropping 351, 476–477dropping groups 476executing 511grouping 351, 512ID numbers 663naming 351nesting 357, 515object dependencies and 884–889, 1288parseonly not used with 662permissions granted 523permissions revoked 617procid option 663remapping 1098renamed database and 1106renaming 357, 1103–1104return status 359–360, 511, 515, 613set commands in 654sp_checkreswords and 830sp_recompile and 1097sp_sproc_columns information on 1194sp_stored_procedures information on 1198storage maximums 356system tables entries for 1278, 1309–1310, 1312

str string function 183strict dtm enforcement configuration parameter 666strict_dtm_enforcement option, set command 666string functions 64–66

See also text datatypestring_rtruncation option, set 667

insert and 553update and 697

stringsprint message 593truncating 553, 697

strings, concatenating 223@@stringsize global variable 216stripe on option


Index

1414

load database 562load transaction 571

structureSee also orderclustered and nonclustered index 335configuration 1283

stuff string function 186style values, date representation 90subgroups, summary values for 309subqueries

any keyword and 225in expressions 225order by and 588union prohibited in 689

substring string function 187subtraction operator (-) 221suid (server user ID)

sysalternates table listing 1255syslogins table listing 1303

sum aggregate function 189summary values

generation with compute 309sundays, number value 105suser_id system function 191suser_name system function 192suspect databases, listing 1033suspect indexes

See also reindex option, dbccforcing online 958, 1034

suspect pagesbringing online 957, 960–961isolating on recovery 1128–1130, 1131listing 1035

suspending databases 596syb_identity keyword

select and 649syb_sendmsg function 194sybdiagdb database 982, 1252syblicenseslog table 1252, 1341sybsecurity database

dropping 471system tables in 1250

sybsyntax database 1144sybsystemdb database

system tables in 1250sybsystemprocs database

permissions and 726symbols

See also wildcard characters; Symbols section of this index

arithmetic operator 221comparison operator 224in identifier names 230matching character strings 237money 230in SQL statements xxvwildcards 237

synonymschars and characters, patindex 145, 147chars for characters, readtext 605out for output 353, 512tran, transaction, and work, commit command

303tran, transaction, and work, rollback command

625synonyms for datatypes 2syntax

catalog stored procedures 1176–1177check using set parseonly 662checking for reserved words 829display procedure (sp_syntax) 1143–1144

syntax conventions, Transact-SQL xxvsysalternates table 1255

aliases 739sp_dropalias and 904sysusers table and 739

sysattributes table 1256–1257sysauditoptions table 1258sysaudits_01 – sysaudits_08 tables 1259–1274syscharsets table 1275syscolumns table 30, 427, 1276–1277syscomments table 1278

default definitions in 324procedure definitions in 361rule definitions in 373source text in 1025trigger definitions in 416, 424

sysconfigures table 1279–1280database size parameter 318

sysconstraints table 1281sp_bindmsg and 807

syscoordinations table 1282

Index

1415

syscurconfigs table 1283sysdatabases table 1183, 1285–1287sysdepends table 1288sysdevices table 892, 991, 1289–1290

disk init and 455mirror names in 468

sysengines table 1291sysgams table 1292sysindexes table 1293–1295

composite indexes and 348name column in 37

sysjars table 1296syskeys table 1297

sp_dropkey and 913sp_foreignkey and 962sp_primarykey and 1090

syslanguages table 1004, 1298sp_droplanguage and 915

syslisteners table 1299syslkstats table 1075syslocks table 1300–1301sysloginroles table 1302syslogins table 1303–1304syslogs table 1042, 1305

See also recovery; transaction logsdanger of changing the 1253infinite loop if changes to 1305put on a separate device 459, 467, 1042running dbcc checktable on 428

syslogshold table 1306sysmessages table 1307

error message text 965raiserror and 598

sysmonitors table 1308sysobjects table 1309–1310

trigger IDs and 416syspartitions table 1311sysprocedures table 1312

trigger execution plans in 416sysprocesses table 1313–1314sysprotects table 1315

grant/revoke statements and 529, 621sp_changegroup and 533

sysqueryplans table 1316sysreferences table 1317sysremotelogins table 763–765, 929, 1318

sp_dropremotelogin and 922sysresourcelimits table 1319

applicable limits for a login session 769sp_help_resource_limit and 1012

sysroles table 1320syssecmechs table 1321syssegments table 1322sysservers table 1323–1324

Backup Server and 492, 507load database and 568sp_addserver and 773sp_helpserver and 1021

syssessions removing old entries 968

syssessions table 1325syssrvroles table 1326

role_id system function and 163sysstatistics table 1327

removing statistics with delete statistics 451systabstats table 1328–1329

flushing statistics to 956system activities

setting query-processing options for 654–680shutdown 682

system databasesdumping 491

system datatypes. See datatypessystem extended stored procedures 1203–1219system functions 66–67system logical name. See logical device namesystem messages

See also error messages; messageslanguage setting for 661

system messages, language setting for 661system procedure tables 728

catalog stored procedures and 1177system procedures

See also create procedure command; individual procedure names

catalog stored 1175–1200changing names of 832create procedure and 351–362displaying source text of 1024displaying syntax of 1143–1144dropping user-defined 476–477extended stored procedures 1203–1219

Index

1416

help reports 969–1027list of 725–737permissions 726return status 725updating and 1253using 725

system procedures results. See information (server)system roles

displaying with sp_activeroles 738revoking 618show_role and 172stored procedures and 532sysloginroles table 1302syssrvroles table 1326

system segmentalter database 261dropping 928mapping 772

system tables 1249–1341See also tables; individual table namesaffected by drop table 480affected by drop view 483allow updates to system tables parameter and 1253binding to caches 799changes dangerous to 1253dbcc checkcatalog and 427default definitions in 324defaults and 803direct updates dangerous to 835direct updates to 1253fixing allocation errors found in 430, 432keys for 1297lock table prohibited on 580master database 1249–1250permissions on 1252rebuilding of 430, 432rule information in 372rules and 809space allocation 1081sysname datatype 31triggers and 412, 1253updating 725, 1253

systhresholds table 1330systimeranges table 1331

ID number storage in 780range name storage in 766

systransactions table 428, 1332–1334systypes table 932, 1335–1336sysusages table 1337sysusermessages table 1338

error message text 965raiserror and 598sp_dropmessage and 917

sysusers table 1339sysalternates table and 739, 1255

sysxtypes table 1340

Ttable count option, set 667table option

create table 385table pages

See also pages, dataallocation with dbcc tablealloc 431system functions 99

table_access auditing option 792tablealloc option, dbcc 431tables

allowed in a from clause 634binding to data caches 798changing 267–291changing names of 832checking name with sp_checkreswords 829column information 1181column permission information from

sp_column_privileges 1179–1180common key between 853–854creating duplicate 648creating new 377–407, 633creating with create schema 375–376creating with identity column 403dbcc checkdb and 427dividing, with group by and having clauses 534–

546dropping 480–481dropping keys between 913dropping row lock promotion thresholds for 926estimating space for 942external 366identifying 232

Index

1417

index location 475, 706joined common key 853–854lock promotion thresholds for 1121locks held on 950, 1037locks, types of 950, 1037migration to a clustered index 342, 394names as qualifiers 232with no data 648number considered in joins 667object allocation maps of 431object dependencies and 884–889, 1288partitioning 267, 274, 283–284permissions on 522permissions revoked 617primary keys on 1090proxy 326renaming 1103–1104setting row lock promotion thresholds for 1125single-group 538sp_placeobject space allocation for 1081–1082sp_recompile and 1097sp_table_privileges information on 1199sp_tables 1200space used by 1139with suspect indexes 1032system procedure 728, 1177system tables entries for 1276, 1309–1310Transact-SQL extension effects and querying

539unbinding from data caches 1157unpartitioning 267, 274worktables 48

tan mathematical function 195tangents, mathematical functions for 195tape dump devices

adding 786–787sysdevices table 1289

tape labelslistonly option to load database 563listonly option to load transaction 572

tape option, sp_addumpdevice 786tempdb database

adding objects to 394auto identity database option and 873sysobjects table and 393system tables entries and 1309–1310

systypes table and 394unique auto_identity index database option and

877user-defined datatypes in 40

temporary names. See alias, usertemporary tables

create procedure and 360create table and 378, 393identifier prefix (#) 378indexing 341lock table prohibited on 580naming 230, 393sp_help and 973system procedure 728

terminals7-bit, sp_helpsort output example 10228-bit, sp_helpsort output example 1022

textcopying with defncopy 831user-defined message 757

text datatype 31–40convert command 39converting 56initializing with null values 36initializing with update 697length of data returned 646, 667null values 36order by not allowed 588prohibited actions on 38size of storage 1138storage on separate device 604textsize setting 667triggers and 412union not allowed on 689

text functions 67text page pointer 84text pointer values 196

readtext and 604@@textcolid global variable 39, 216@@textdbid global variable 39, 216@@textobjid global variable 39, 216textptr function 196, 604, 606@@textptr global variable 38, 216@@textptr_parameters global variable 216@@textsize global variable 39, 216, 679

readtext and 606

Index

1418

set textsize and 667textsize option, set 667@@textts global variable 39, 216textvalid function 197Thai dictionary 88, 179then keyword. See when...then conditions@@thresh_hysteresis global variable 216

threshold placement and 776threshold procedures 776

creating 1148executing 778, 1065parameters passed to 777, 1064

thresholdsadding 775–778changing 1062–1065crossing 776database dumps and 491disabling 778, 930, 1065hysteresis value 776, 1063information about 1026last-chance 131, 776, 930, 1063maximum number 776, 1064optimization for reducing I/O 842removing 930row lock promotion 1125space between 777systhresholds table 1330transaction log dumps and 506

ties, regulations for sort order 589–590time interval

See also timingautomatic checkpoint 298elapsed execution (statistics time) 666estimating index creation 942limiting 766reorg 611for running a trigger 412since sp_monitor last run 1066waitfor 710

time optionreorg 611waitfor 710

time rangesadding 779“at all times” 780, 931changing active time ranges 781

creating 779dropping 931entire day 779IDs for 780modifying 1057overlapping 780systimeranges system table 1331

time valuesdatatypes 18–22

timeouts option, sp_serveroption 1115timestamp datatype 17–18

automatic update of 17browse mode and 17, 199comparison using tsequal function 199

timestamps, order of transaction log dumps 567@@timeticks global variable 216timing

See also time intervalautomatic checkpoint 298

tinyint datatype 11to option

dump database 485dump transaction 499revoke 620

@@total_errors global variable 216sp_monitor and 1067

@@total_read global variable 216sp_monitor and 1067

@@total_write global variable 216sp_monitor and 1067

totalscompute command 588

trailing blanks. See blanks@@tranchained global variable 216, 679@@trancount global variable 217transaction isolation level option, set 667transaction isolation levels

readpast option and 652transaction logs

See also dump transaction command; syslogs tablebacking up 484data caches and 1088of deleted rows 447dump database and 484dumping 497inactive space 499

Index

1419

loading 570–578log I/O size and 1088master database 491, 504placing on separate segment 504purging 491on a separate device 456, 459, 467, 503, 1042–

1043space extension 261space, monitoring 506syslogs table trunc log on chkpt 503system tables entries for 1309–1310thresholds and 930writetext with log and 721

@@transactional_rpc global variable 217transactional_rpc option, set 668transactions 1332

See also batch processing; rollback command; user-defined transactions

begin 293canceling. See rollback commandchained 304dump transaction command 497–510ending with commit 303fetch and 518isolation levels 668modes 1095–1096parameters not part of 516preparing 592save transaction and 628–629update iteration within given 696

Transact-SQLaggregate functions in 49reserved words 243–244, 829

Transact-SQL commandsexecuting 511extensions for 539summary table 253–256

translationof arguments 593of integer arguments into binary numbers 222of user-defined messages 758

@@transtate global variable 217trigger tables 413triggers

See also database objects; stored procedureschanging names of 833

checking name with sp_checkreswords 829creating 408–417, 530, 621delete and 448displaying source text of 1024dropping 482enabling self-recursion 416insert and 553nested 415–416nested, and rollback trigger 627@@nestlevel and 415object dependencies and 884–889, 1288on image columns 412on text columns 412parseonly not used with 662recursion 416remapping 1098renamed database and 1106renaming 413, 1103–1104rollback in 413, 626rolling back 627@@rowcount and 414self-recursion 416set commands in 654sp_recompile and 1097stored procedures and 415system tables and 412, 1253system tables entries for 1278, 1309–1310, 1312time interval 412truncate table command and 684update and 694

trigonometric functions 62, 62–195true | false clauses

sp_dboption 870sp_remoteoption 1099

true option, sp_changedbowner 822true/false data, bit columns for 30trunc log on chkpt database option 876truncate auditing option 792truncate table command 684–685

delete triggers and 413faster than delete command 447

truncate_only option, dump transaction 499, 504truncation

arithabort numeric_truncation 9binary datatypes 27character string 23

Index

1420

datatypes with no length specified 352datediff results 104default values 324insert and 553log, prohibited on mixed device 317set string_rtruncation and 667spaces to a single space 697str conversion and 184temporary table names 230transaction log 497

trusted moderemote logins and 765

trusted option, sp_remoteoption 1099truth tables for logical expressions 227tsequal system function 199twenty-first century numbers 19two-phase commit

probe process 1110, 1303

UUDP messaging 194, 1113unbind auditing option 792unbinding

data caches 1157–1158defaults 324, 473, 1160–1161objects from caches 1157–1158rules 479

unconditional branching to a user-defined label 521underscore (_)

character string wildcard 237, 238object identifier prefix 210, 230in temporary table names 230

undoing changes. See rollback commandunencrypting source text 1028@@unicharsize global variable 217unicode multilingual, default 88, 179union operator 686–689

maximum number of tables 687restrictions on use 689

unique auto_identity index database option 877unique constraints 397unique keyword

alter table 270create index 335

create table 380unique names as identifiers 231unload option


unloading compressed backups 561, 570unlocking login accounts 1040unmapping a segment from a database 927–928unmirroring devices. See disk mirroringunpartition clause, alter table 274unpartitioning

tables 267unused space

sp_spaceused reporting of 1139updatable cursors 441update all statistics command 702, 705update auditing option 792update command 690–701

ignore_dup_key and 339ignore_dup_row and 344insert and 551readpast option 691triggers and 412triggers and if update 414views and 422, 700

update index statistics command 705update partition statistics command 703–704update row locks 1039update statistics command 705–708

create index and 341locking during 706scan type 706sort requirements 706

updatingSee also changing 17in browse mode 199data in views 422direct to system tables 1253“dirty” pages 298–299ignore_dup_key and 339prevention during browse mode 199primary keys 410system procedures and 1253system tables 1253

Index

1421

trigger firing by 416unlocked rows 690writetext 721

upper string function 203, 204uppercase letter preference 589

See also case sensitivity; order by clauseus_english language 752, 1298

weekdays setting 109, 673usage statistics 1109use command 709use message confidentiality server option 1115use message integrity server option 1115used_pgs system function 205user context for operating system commands

(xp_cmdshell) 1205User Datagram Protocol messaging 194, 1113user errors. See errors; severity levelsuser groups. See groups; “public” groupuser IDs

changing with sp_import_qpgroup 1030displaying 900dropping with sp_droplogin and 916user_id function for 208valid_user function 211

user keywordalter table 269create table 379system function 207

user names 209See also database object owners; loginschanging 834checking with sp_checkreswords 830finding 192

user objects. See database objectsuser permissions. See database owners; permissionsuser system function 207user_id system function 208user_name system function 209user-created objects. See database objectsuser-defined audit records 791user-defined datatypes

See also datatypesbinding defaults to 802–803binding rules to 808changing names of 833checking name with sp_checkreswords 829

creating 40, 782–785dropping 41, 932hierarchy 784naming 784sysname as 31unbinding defaults from 1160–1161unbinding rules with sp_unbindrule 1165–1166

user-defined event logging (xp_logevent) 1210user-defined messages 757–758

unbinding with sp_unbindmsg 1164user-defined procedures

creating 351–362creating ESPs with sp_addextendedproc 746executing 511

user-defined rolesadding passwords to 263conflicting 265creating 368displaying with sp_activeroles 738mutual exclusivity and 142revoking 618syssrvroles table 1326system procedures and 532turning on and off 665

user-defined transactionsSee also transactionsbegin transaction 293ending with commit 303

usersaccounting statistics 846, 1109adding 754–756, 788–789change group for 823–824changing names of 836, 1051–1053dropping aliased 904dropping from databases 933dropping from servers 916dropping remote 929guest permissions 532impersonating (setuser) 526information on 899, 1027password change for accounts 1079–1080permissions of 1014remote 1010sp_who report on 1171–1173syslogins table 1303–1304system procedure permissions and 529, 726

Index

1422

system tables entries for 1303–1304, 1339sysusers table 739, 1339

using bytes option, patindex string function 145, 147, 148

using option, readtext 605, 606using...values option, update statistics command 705utility commands

See also Utility Programs manualdisplay syntax 1143–1144

Vvalid_name system function 210

using after changing character sets 234valid_user system function 211values

displaying with sp_server_info 1188IDENTITY columns 554procedure parameter or argument 512

values option, insert 550varbinary datatype 27–29, 177varchar datatype 24

datetime values conversion to 22in expressions 228spaces in 24spaces in and insert 553

variable-length character. See varchar datatypevariable-length columns

empty strings in 552stored order of 589

variablesassigning as part of a select list 632in update statements 694local 436–437in print messages 593return values and 515

vdevno optiondisk init 453disk reinit 462

vector aggregates 48group by and 537nesting inside scalar aggregates 48

@@version global variable 217, 593@@version_as_integer global variable 217view name in qualified object name 232

view_access auditing option 792views

See also database objects; multitable viewsallowed in a from clause 634changes to underlying tables of 422check option and 698–700checking name with sp_checkreswords 829columns 1181common key between 853–854creating 418–425creating with create schema 375–376displaying source text of 1024dropping 483dropping keys between 913inserting data through 556object dependencies and 884–889, 1288permissions on 522, 527permissions revoked 617primary keys on 1090readtext and 606remapping 1098renamed database and 1106renaming 421, 832, 1103–1104system tables entries for 1276, 1278, 1309–1310,

1312update and 422, 698–700updating restrictions 699with check option 422, 556–557

violation of domain or integrity rules 552virtual device number 453, 456, 462virtual page numbers 992virtual tables 1254volume handling 1167volume names, database dumps 494

Wwait option, lock table command 579wait option, shutdown 682waitfor command 710–711waiting for shutdown 682wash area

configuring 1088defaults 1088

wash keyword, sp_poolconfig 1085

Index

1423

week date part 61, 107weekday date part 62, 107weekday date value

first 751names and numbers 109, 660, 751

when keyword. See when...then conditionswhen...then conditions 295where clause 712–718

aggregate functions not permitted in 717delete 444group by clause and 539having and 717null values in a 226repeating a 542

where current of clausedelete 446update 692

while keyword 719–720continue and 315exiting loop with break 294loops 719

wildcard characters 235–241See also patindex string functionin a like match string 237literal characters and 239SQL standards pattern matching ($ and _) 1177used as literal characters 239

with check option optioncreate view 419views and 424

with consumers clause, create index 340with consumers option, update statistics command

705with default_location keyword

create database command 317with grant option option, grant 524with keyword

rollback trigger 627set role command 665

with log option, writetext 721with no_error option, set char_convert 658with no_log option, dump transaction 499with no_truncate option, dump transaction 502with nowait option, shutdown 682with override keyword

alter database 258

create database command 317with override option 478with recompile option

create procedure 353execute 512

with resume option, reorg 611with standby_access option

dump transaction 502with statistics clause, create index command 339with time option, reorg 611with truncate_only option, dump transaction 499,

504with wait option, shutdown 682wk. See week date partwords, finding similar-sounding 180work session, set options for 654–680workspaces

dropping 1227, 1344worktables, number of 48write operations

logging text or image 721writes option, disk mirror 458writetext command 721–723

text data initialization requirement 37triggers and 413

XX/Open XA 429XP Server 1204

freeing memory from 964xp_cmdshell context configuration parameter 1205xp_cmdshell system extended stored procedure 1205xp_deletemail system extended stored procedure

1207sp_processmail and 1092

xp_enumgroups system extended stored procedure 1208

xp_findnextmsg system extended stored procedure 1209

sp_processmail and 1092xp_logevent system extended stored procedure 1210xp_readmail system extended stored procedure 1211

sp_processmail and 1092xp_sendmail system extended stored procedure 1214

Index

1424

sp_processmail and 1092xp_startmail system extended stored procedure 1218xp_stopmail system extended stored procedure 1219

Yyear date part 61, 107year values, date style 90yen sign (¥ )


yes/no data, bit columns for 30yy. See year date part

Zzero x (0x) 27, 28, 59zero-length string output 595zeros, trailing, in binary datatypes 28–29

reference manual volume 4: tables

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