4 TrailsDiscover the sites and events of the Great War.

NORTHERN FRANCE

The RemembranceTrails 14 - 18

S. Dhote

Canadian National Vimy Memorial

The First World War Remembrance Trails take in the sites and memorials which encapsulate the momentous events that took place in Northern France at the beginning of the last century. Behind the peaceful beauty of every site lies the gripping story of a soldier, a regiment, a battle or a place.

This brochure provides historical and practical information about thirty-six major sites which can be found on four easy-to-follow trails. Follow the Remembrance Trails and discover how the conflicts of the 20th century marked the region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

1 - The Western Front ................................................p. 4

2 - The war of movement

and the first German occupation .......... p. 10

3 - The Allies’ logistics base

on the Channel coast ..................................... p. 14

4 - Post-war reconstruction ............................... p. 16

EditorialsThe First World War Remembrance Trails

in Northern France are the fruit of a vast

programme initiated by the Regional Council

to honour the sacrifice made by previous

generations who fought to ensure that peace,

freedom and a sense of fraternity would one

day reign over Europe.

Far from being backward-looking and

nostalgic, this initiative is proof of our concern

for the world of today and provides us with

much to reflect upon as we build the world

of tomorrow.

Mr Daniel PERCHERONSenator for Pas-de-Calais Chairman of Nord-Pas-de-Calais Regional Council

Two world wars have conferred upon the

region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais a wealth of

heritage in the form of military cemeteries,

war memorials and archaeological remains.

This heritage is the silent and poignant reminder

of the events which shaped these conflicts.

The purpose of the First World War

Remembrance Trails in Northern France is to

provide the public with an insight into some

of the major events of world history and to pay

tribute to the men and women from around

the globe who made the ultimate sacrifice.

Mrs Régine SPLINGARDRegional councillor Chairwoman of Nord-Pas-de-Calais Regional Tourist Board

Photo Credits: S. Dhote - E. Roose - A.S. Flament - P. Morès

Contents

33

P. Morès

A.S. Flament

E. Roose

A.S. Flament

l 'Esc

au t

Sch

elde

la Scarpe

Canal de la

Deûl

e

la Marcq

ue

la Canche

la Lys

Leie

l'Yser

l'AaCanal de Calais

Slack

Wimereu x

IJzerMer du Nord

Man

che

la SambreCanal Maritime d'Abbeville

l du Nor

d

Canal de S

Nord - Pas de Calais

Picardie

FFRRANNCE

N 42

N 8

N 56

N 6

N 55

N 90

N 40

N 17

D 962

D 934

D 649

D 936

N 2

D 935

D 6

17

D 938

N 455

D 643

D 6

44

D 630

N 7

N 50

N 48

N 50

N 6

0

N 50

N 44

N 47N 9

D 916

N 8

N 38

N 4

7

D 1017

D 9

17

D 950

D 917

D 943

D 941

D 945

N 365

N 3

69

N 313

N 35

N 36

N 3

2

D 936

D 1001

N 2

5

D 929

D 928

D 929

D 126

D 943

D 1

26

D 928

D 9

16

N 25

D 9

19

D 917

D 941

D 301

D 341

D 943

D 642

D 933

N 42

D 901

D 939

D 240

D 940

D 925

D 9

D 643

D 939

D 930

A 16 - E 40

A 16 - E 402

A 26 - E 15

A 16 - E 40 2

A 16 - E 402

A 28 - E 402

- E 1

5

A 2 - E 19

A 2

- E 1

9

A 26 - E 17

A 21

A 1

- E

17

A 23

A 27 - E 42

A 25 - E 42

A 26 - E 15

A 10

A 17 - E 403

A 19

A 22

A 14

- E 1

7

A 14 - E 17

A 8 - E 429

A 7

A 7A 16CaCC nalaa de la

Deûeelûell

lall Marcqcc

ue

DDD61

7

D 938

D643

D64

4

D

N47

D 950

D 917

D 943

D 941

D945

D91

9

D917

D 9

DD 999333999

DDDDDDDDD 999999999333333333000000000

A 2 - E 19

A26

- E17

A 21

A1

-E17

A 23

A 27 - E 42

A22

Méteren

Steenwerck

Vieille-Chapelle

Béthune

Saint-Martin-BoulogneWimille

Comines Wervicq-Sud

Roubaix

Tourcoing

CaudryLe Cateau-Cambrésis

Assevent

Kemmel

Albert

Beaumont-Hamel

Pozières Longueval

PasschendaeleLangemark

Poperinge

Ploegsteert

Messen(Messines)

Armentières

Bailleul

Lens

Etaples-sur-Mer

Saint-Etienne-au-Mont

Wimereux

Montreuil-sur-Mer

Feignies

Le Quesnoy

Ors

Annoeullin

Seclin

leper(Ypres)

Wissant

TardinghenAudinghen

Ambleteuse Marquise

Hardelot

Dannes

Sainte-Cecile-Plage

Stella-Plage

Merlimont

Saint-Josse

Rang-du-Fliers

Rue

Saint-Valery-sur-Somme

Friville-scarbotin

Gamaches Hallencourt

Ailly-le-Haut-Clocher Domart-en-

Ponthieu

Auxi-le-Château

Hesdin

BernavilleDoullens

Villers-Bocage

Acheux-en-Amiénois

ComblesLe Catelet

Les Rues-des-Vignes

Wassigny

Bohain-en-Vermandois

Aubigny-au-Bac

Bouchain

Maroilles

La Capelle

Fourmies

Trélon

Bavay

Mons(Bergen)

La Louvière

Crécy-en-Ponthieu

Nouvion

Maintenay

Hucqueliers

FressinAzincourt

Fruges

Desvres

Licques

Tournehem-sur-la-Hem

Ardres

Audruicq

Sangatte

Gravelines

Bourbourg

Grand-Fort-PhilippePetit-Fort-Philippe

Zuydcoote

Bergues

Malo-les-Bains

Hondschoote

(La Panne)

Veurnes(Furnes)

Dendermonde(Termonde)

Oudenaarde(Audenarde)

Ath(Aat)

Ronse(Renaix)

Raismes

Wallers

Condé-sur-l'Escaut

St-Amand-les-Eaux

Marchiennes

Harnes

Lewarde

Houdain

Noeux-les-Mines

Wambrechies

Menen(Menin)

Mouscron(Moeskroen)

Tournai(Doornik)

Wattrelos

Marcq-en-Baroeul

Lambersart

Lomme

Villeneuve-d'Ascq

Wormhout

SteenvoordeCassel

Godewaersvelde

Arques

Clairmarais

Watten

Houlle

Fauquembergues

Lumbres

Saint-Venant

Busnes

La Bassée

Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise

Guînes

e Touquet-aris-Plage

Berck-sur-Mer

Abbeville

Bruay-la-Buissière

Liévin

Hazebrouck

Aire-sur-la-Lys

Lillers

Grande-Synthe

Roeselare(Roulers)

Denain

Hénin-Beaumont

Cuincy

Maubeuge

Gent(Gand)

Kortrijk(Courtrai)

Oye-Plage

DouaiValenciennes

Avesnes-sur-Helpe

La Reconstruction dans les territoires dévastés

Le Littoral, base arrière des armées alliées

La guerre de mouvement et la première occupatio

Comines

Menen(Menin)

Stella-Plage

Merlimont

Berck-sur-Mer

Cap Blanc Nez

Bapaume

Héninel

Aix-Noulette

Mont-Saint-EloiSaint-Laurent-Blangy

Athies

Hébuterne

Flesquières

Kemmel

Vis-en-Artois

Aubers

Fleurbaix

Richebourg

Fromelles

Loos-en-Gohelle

Vimy�élus

Ablain-Saint-Nazaire

Souchez

Neuville-Saint-Vaast

Monchy-le-Preux

DoigniesBullecourtAyette

Grévillers

leper(Ypres)

Fleurbaix

Richebourg

Fromelles

Loos-en-Gohelle

Vimy�élus

Ablain-Saint-Nazaire

Souchez

Neuville-Saint-Vaast

Monchy-le-Preux

DoigniesBullecourtAyette

Serre-Puisieux

Grévillers

Ieper(Ypres)

ARRAS

CAMBRAI

BOULOGNE-SUR-MER

CALAIS

LILLE

DUNKIRK

SAINT-OMER

ARRAS

CAMBRAI

BOULOGNE-SUR-MER

CALAIS

LILLE

DUNKIRK

SAINT-OMER

A.S. Flament

Ypres – In Flanders Fields Museum 1

The Ypres SalientIn October 1914 the Western Front stabilized several kilometres from Ypres, creating a salient in the German line. Five battles of the Great War, involving troops from all over the world, centred on the rich Flemish city of Ypres. Today the city’s famous Cloth Hall, destroyed during the war and since rebuilt, is home to the “In Flanders Fields“ Museum which tells the story of the First World War through the eyes of a soldier and a civilian of the period.

Lakenhalle (Cloth Hall)Grote Markt 348900 IEPER (YPRES) BELGIUMTel. +32 (0)57 239220www.inflandersfields.be

Fleurbaix Le Trou Aid Post Cemetery 2

One of the most beautiful Commonwealth cemeteriesEncircled by a moat and crowned with weeping willows, Le Trou Aid Post Cemetery is one of the most beautiful Commonwealth cemeteries in the region and the last resting place of 356 soldiers who fell on the “Forgotten Front“. Although outside the most important strategic areas, the front between Armentières and La Bassée nevertheless saw numerous minor operations which were very costly in terms of human life: Le Maisnil in 1914, Aubers and Loos in 1915, and Fromelles in 1916.

Rue de Pétillon62840 FLEURBAIX

By late 1914 both sides had lost all hope of a rapid victory. The French and British Armies found themselves pitted against their German counterparts along a line which stretched nearly 800 kilometres across France from the Belgian coast to the Swiss border. A long war of position and attrition had begun.

The Western Front ran like a scar across the countryside of Northern France between the historical provinces of Flanders and Picardy. After a number of minor operations in the Artois Hills, the French Army handed over to British troops in 1915. The following years saw an increase in military activity with major offensives at Arras in April 1917 and Cambrai six months later.

Today, the numerous military cemeteries which punctuate the region are testament to the fierceness of these battles, the provenance of the men who fought them, and the miserable conditions soldiers of both sides endured in the trenches.

Fromelles Australian Memorial Park 3

“Don’t forget me Cobber” The statue in Memorial Park shows Sergeant Fraser carrying a wounded comrade out of no man’s land in the aftermath of the Battle of Fromelles, an operation launched to divert attention away from the major Allied offensive on the Somme. The nineteenth of July 1916 shall ever be remembered in Australia as the day their soldiers first fought in action on European soil during the First World War and one of the country’s most tragic episodes which resulted in 5,533 Australian casualties.

Rue Delval59249 FROMELLES

The Western Front 1 Richebourg Neuve-Chapelle Indian Memorial 4

In honour of the Indian soldiers of the Great War

In October 1914 the British Army in Flanders was reinforced with troops arriving from India who would take part in a number of battles in the region, including the Battle of Neuve-Chapelle (1915) where 4,047 men of the Indian Corps were lost. With its 15-metre high column flanked by two tigers and topped with the Star of India, the Neuve-Chapelle Memorial is the only place of remembrance on the Western Front to commemorate the sacrifice made by Indian soldiers during the Great War.

Crossroads between Route d’Estaires and Rue du Bois (RD 171) 62136 RICHEBOURG

1

2 34

6

78 9

1011

13 14

15

1617

19

18

12

5

44 5

12 September 1920 – Procession to the War Cemetery at Notre-Dame de Lorette

A.S. Flament

P. Frutier

S. Dhote

P. Frutier

S. Dhote

S. Dhote

P. Frutier S. Dhote

Lichfield Crater

French National War Cemetery at Notre-Dame de Lorette 7

The largest french military cemeteryIn May 1915, French troops attempted to wrest control of the Artois Hills from the German Army. They failed at Vimy Ridge but succeeded in retaking

Lorette Spur, at a cost of 102,000 men. Today, the National First World War Cemetery is the final resting place for some 40,000 French troops, including 22,000 unknown soldiers. Lorette Spur is the largest of the French war cemeteries and a poignant reminder of the huge losses sustained by every sector of society during the Great War.

Chemin du Mont de Lorette62153 ABLAIN-SAINT-NAZAIRE

Richebourg – Portuguese National Cemetery 5

The sole place of remembrance for the Portuguese soldiers of the Great WarIntent on showing its support for the Allies, the young Portuguese Republic organized an expeditionary force in 1916. Portuguese soldiers were placed under British command and assigned to the front between Laventie and Festubert in French Flanders. On 9 April 1918 the Portuguese suffered numerous casualties during the German offensive on Lys Plain. Richebourg is the only Portuguese war cemetery on the front and the final resting place for the 1,831 Portuguese soldiers who died in 1918.

Route d’Estaires (RD 947)62136 RICHEBOURG

Loos-en-Gohelle Dud Corner Cemetery and Loos Memorial 6

“If any question why we died, tell them, because our fathers lied!“Loos Memorial, which encircles Dud Corner Cemetery, immortalizes the names of the 20,000 soldiers of the British Army who have no known grave. Most of these soldiers were killed at the Battle of Loos in late 1915. Among them was the only son of the famous writer Rudyard Kipling. The author of The Jungle Book never got over the loss, as can be clearly felt in his Epitaphs of the War wherein he wrote the lines, “If any question why we died, Tell them, because our fathers lied“.

Route de Béthune (RD 943)62750 LOOS-EN-GOHELLE

Souchez Cabaret-Rouge British Cemetery 8 “There’s some corner of a foreign field that is for ever England“ (Rupert Brooke, in The Soldier)Before the war there was a house in Souchez named Cabaret Rouge. The house was destroyed with the rest of the village however its name lives on in the war cemetery which was created in 1917 by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission to concentrate the graves of the 103 burial grounds in the region. Situated between two war cemeteries, one French and the other German, Cabaret-Rouge Cemetery today contains 7,655 Commonwealth burials of the Great War, more than half of them unidentified.

Rue Carnot62153 SOUCHEZ

Vimy Ridge National Historic Site of Canada 9 “Modern Canada was born in the trenches of Vimy“Canada’s monument to her 11,285 soldiers reported lost on French soil during the Great War stands at the heart of a 107-hectare park overlooking the Pas-de-Calais coal basin. Built at the place where, on 10 April 1917, Canadian troops fighting as part of the British Army captured Vimy Ridge, the memorial’s white pylons and sculpted figures mark a defining event in the history of Canada.

Chemin des Canadiens62580 VIMYTel. +33 (0)322 767086

Thélus Lichfield Crater and Zivy Crater 10 A mine crater for a grave

United for the first time in a single army corps, the 4 Canadian Divisions of the Allied Army launched an attack on the heavily-defended Vimy Ridge on 9 April 1917. The officer in charge of burials used a mine crater at the foot of the ridge to inter the one hundred soldiers who were killed in the fighting. Today the burial grounds of Lichfield Crater and Zivy Crater are beautifully gardened although they still retain their circular shape, a unique feature among the Commonwealth War Cemeteries.

Lichfield CraterHameau du Vert-Tilleul 62580 THÉLUS

Zivy CraterRoad to Neuville-Saint-Vaast62580 THÉLUS

Neuville-Saint-Vaast Memorial to Polish Volunteers

Czechoslovak Cemetery and Memorial 11

“For our freedom and yours“Intent on fighting German and Austro-Hungarian rule in their native countries, Czechoslovak and Polish immigrants living in and around Paris at the outbreak of the war were quick to enrol in the French Army and take part in the Second Battle of Artois in May 1915. Standing opposite the memorial to the soldiers of the Nazdar Company which marks the entrance to the Czechoslovak Cemetery, the Polish Memorial bears the motto “Za wolność naszą i waszą“ which means “For our freedom and yours“.

Road to Souchez (RD 937) 62580 NEUVILLE-SAINT-VAAST

Memorial to Polish volunteers

6 7

S. Dhote

S. Dhote

S. Dhote

S. Dhote

S. Dhote

S. Dhote

Neuville-Saint-Vaast – German War Cemetery at La Maison Blanche 12

“Reconciliation above the graves“

Neuville-Saint-Vaast – German War Cemetery is the largest of its kind in France. Established by the French at the end of the war, the cemetery is the final resting place of 44,833 German soldiers who died in Artois. The German War Graves Commission (Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge – VDK) redesigned the cemetery in the 1970s. A cross at the entrance to the site bears the words, “Peace to men of goodwill“, an aspiration shared by the VDK in their motto, “Reconciliation above the graves“.

Road to Arras (RD 937)62580 NEUVILLE-SAINT-VAAST

Arras – Wellington Quarry 13 When British soldiers rose from the earthOn 9 April 1917 the British Army launched a huge surprise attack on the German lines before Arras to divert attention away from the main French offensive which was to take place on Chemin des Dames Road in Aisne. That morning saw 24,000 soldiers flood out from the network of old chalk-quarry tunnels to attack the German defences. Today the tunnels of Wellington Quarry are open to the public and invite the visitor to discover the gripping story of the Battle of Arras.

Rue Delétoille62000 ARRASTel. +33 (0)321 512695www.carriere-wellington.com

Monchy-le-Preux Newfoundland Memorial 14

The Caribou of the Newfoundland Regiment

Close to Monchy-le-Preux Church a bronze caribou stands proudly on the ruins of a German fortified post. On 11 April 1917, during the Battle of Arras, the village of Monchy-le-Preux was held briefly by Allied soldiers until a German counter-attack on 14 April drove them all out except for the brave men of the Newfoundland Regiment who held fast until relief came four hours later. Today the bronze Caribou of Monchy-le-Preux commemorates the courage and bravery of those Newfoundlanders.

Rue de Chaussy62118 MONCHY-LE-PREUX

Doignies-Louverval Military Cemetery and Cambrai Memorial 16

A new weapon: the tankOn the 20 November 1917 the British Army launched an attack on German Lines at Cambrai. This operation was the first of its kind to rely on tanks to support the infantry and in all 476 Mark IVs were used. Initially things went well and the British broke through the Hindenburg Line; however the German counter-attack, which came a few days later, pushed them back. Next to the Louverval Military Cemetery stands a memorial to the 7,000 men of the Commonwealth killed in the Battle of Cambrai.

RD 93062147 DOIGNIES

Grévillers Military Cemetery and New Zealand Memorial 17 War and the great flu pandemic of 1918The Grévillers Memorial was erected in honour of the 450 soldiers from New Zealand who were killed in action in 1918 but have no known grave. The monument stands in a cemetery which is the last resting place of 2,106 men, many of whom were declared “DOD” (Died of Disease) and probably succumbed to “Spanish Flu”. Between early 1918 and mid 1919 a particularly virulent form of flu spread far and wide as civilians and troops moved around the world, and it probably killed at least 25 million people.

D2962450 GRÉVILLERS

Serre Road – French and Commonwealth War Cemeteries 18 The battlefield cemeteriesAlthough a mere 5 kilometres long, the road which runs from Serre-Puisieux in the department of Pas-de-Calais to Mailly-Maillet in Somme is bordered by no fewer than twelve war cemeteries. The area saw intense fighting in the Great War when the French, in June 1915, and later the British, in July 1916, took on the German Army in the Battle of the Somme. Today this historic landscape is home to the peaceful gardens of the Commonwealth and French War Cemeteries of the Serre Road.

Road from Serre-Puisieux to Mailly-Maillet (RD 919)62116 PUISIEUX

Ayette Indian and Chinese Cemetery 19 The Asian Labourers of the Great War in Europe

The Ayette Indian and Chinese Cemetery is the final resting place of some eighty Asian labourers who died on the Western Front in Artois and Somme. To make up for a lack of available labour in Europe, the British Army recruited volunteer workers from India and China, but some also came from Egypt and South-Africa. These men carried out manual tasks in the supply bases along the French coast and at the Western Front. In the aftermath of the war many stayed behind to work on rebuilding France.

Route d’Ablainzevelle (RD 7)62116 AYETTE

Ribécourt - Camp of Moroccan SpahisP. Morès

Bullecourt Australian Memorial Park 15

The Diggers of Bullecourt

On 11 April 1917 the British 5th Army stormed the village of Bullecourt,

an important link in the German defence known as the Hindenburg Line. A second offensive was launched on May 3rd but neither

of these two operations achieved their objective and the five Australian divisions which took part in the fighting suffered heavy losses, close to 10,000 dead. The Australian Memorial Park in Bullecourt honours those courageous Diggers who lost their lives in these two events of the

Battle of Arras.

Digger Memorial Rue de Douai (D956)62128 BULLECOURT

8 99

E. Roose

E. Roose

l 'Esc

au t

Sch

elde

la Scarpe

Canal de la

Deûl

e

la Marcq

ue

la Canche

la Lys

Leie

l'Yser

l'AaCanal de Calais

Slack

Wimereu x

IJzerMer du Nord

Man

che

la SambreCanal Maritime d'Abbeville

l du Nor

d

Canal de S

Picardie

N 42

N 8

N 56

N 6

N 55

N 90

N 40

N 17

D 962

D 934

D 649

D 936

N 2

D 935

D 6

17

D 938

N 455

D 643

D 6

44

D 630

N 7

N 50

N 48

N 50

N 6

0

N 50

N 44

N 47N 9

D 916

N 8

N 38

N 4

7

D 1017

D 9

17

D 950

D 917

D 943

D 941

D 945

365

N 3

69

N 313

N 35

N 36

N 3

2

D 936

D 1001

N 2

5D 929

D 928

D 929

D 126

D 943

D 1

26

D 928

D 9

16

N 25

D 9

19

D 917

D 941

D 301

D 341

D 943

D 642

D 933

N 42

D 901

D 939

D 240

D 940

D 925

D 9

D 643

D 939

D 930

A 16 - E 40

A 16 - E 402

A 26 - E 15

A 16 - E 40 2

A 16 - E 402

A 28 - E 402

- E 1

5

A 2 - E 19

A 2

- E 1

9

A 26 - E 17

A 21

A 1

- E

17

A 23

A 27 - E 42

A 25 - E 42

A 26 - E 15

A 10

A 17 - E 403

A 19

A 22

A 14

- E 1

7

A 14 - E 17

A 8 - E 429

A 7

A 7A 16

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la Sama bmmrerr D 96

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N2

D93

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DDDDDDDDD61

7

D 938

N 455

D643

D64

4

D630

D 950

917

941

DD 999

DD 664433

D 939

D 930

A2

- E19

A26

- E17

A 21

AAA11

- EEE1177

A 23

A 27 - E 42

A222

Méteren

Steenwerck

Vieille-Chapelle

Béthune

Bapaume

Saint-Martin-BoulogneWimille

Tourcoing

Warlencourt-Eaucourt

Flesquières

Vis-en-Artois

Héninel

Aubers

Aix-Noulette

Mont-Saint-Eloi

Saint-Laurent-Blangy

Athies

Hébuterne

Albert

Beaumont-Hamel

PozièresLongueval

Passchendaele

Langemark

Poperinge

Ploegsteert

(Messines)

Armentières

Bailleul

Lens

Etaples-sur-Mer

Saint-Etienne-au-Mont

Wimereux

Montreuil-sur-Mer

leper(Ypres)

Fleurbaix

Richebourg

Fromelles

Loos-en-Gohelle

Vimy

Ablain-Saint-Nazaire

Souchez

Neuville-Saint-Vaast

Monchy-le-Preux

Doignies

Bullecourt

Ayette

Serre-Puisieux

Grévillers

Wissant

TardinghenAudinghen

Ambleteuse Marquise

Hardelot

Dannes

Sainte-Cecile-Plage

Stella-Plage

Merlimont

Saint-Josse

Rang-du-Fliers

Rue

Saint-Valery-sur-Somme

Friville-carbotin

Gamaches Hallencourt

Ailly-le-Haut-Clocher Domart-en-

Ponthieu

Auxi-le-Château

Hesdin

BernavilleDoullens

Villers-Bocage

Acheux-en-Amiénois

ComblesLe Catelet

Les Rues-des-Vignes

Wassigny

Bohain-en-Vermandois

Aubigny-au-Bac

Bouchain

Maroilles

La Capelle

Fourmies

Trélon

Bavay

Mons(Bergen)

La Louvière

Crécy-en-Ponthieu

Nouvion

Maintenay

Hucqueliers

FressinAzincourt

Fruges

Desvres

Licques

Tournehem-sur-la-Hem

Ardres

Audruicq

Sangatte

Gravelines

Bourbourg

Grand-Fort-PhilippePetit-Fort-Philippe

Zuydcoote

Bergues

Malo-les-Bains

Hondschoote

(La Panne)

Veurnes(Furnes)

Dendermonde(Termonde)

Oudenaarde(Audenarde)

Ath(Aat)

Ronse(Renaix)

Raismes

Wallers

Condé-sur-l'Escaut

St-Amand-les-Eaux

Marchiennes

Harnes

Lewarde

Houdain

Noeux-les-Mines

Wambrechies

Menen(Menin)

Mouscron(Moeskroen)

Tournai(Doornik)

Wattrelos

Marcq-en-Baroeul

Lambersart

Lomme

Villeneuve-d'Ascq

Wormhout

SteenvoordeCassel

Godewaersvelde

Arques

Clairmarais

Watten

Houlle

Fauquembergues

Lumbres

Saint-Venant

Busnes

La Bassée

Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise

Guînes

Touquet-aris-Plage

Berck-sur-Mer

Abbeville

Bruay-la-Buissière

Liévin

Hazebrouck

Aire-sur-la-Lys

Lillers

Grande-Synthe

Roeselare(Roulers)

Denain

Hénin-Beaumont

Cuincy

Maubeuge

Gent(Gand)

Kortrijk(Courtrai)

Oye-Plage

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Avesnes-sur-Helpe

La Reconstruction dans les territoires dévastés

Le Littoral, base arrière des armées alliées

La guerre de mouvement et la première occupatio

Warlencourt-Eaucourt

Stella-Plage

Merlimont

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P. Morès

The war of movement and the first German occupation 2

Monument to the executed of Lille 1

The Lille Resistance during World War I

The World War I monument in Lille shows the four leaders of the city’s Resistance lined up against a wall just moments before their execution by the German Army in the dungeons of the citadel. Along with Léon Trulin, who can be seen lying at their feet, Eugène Jacquet, Georges Maertens, Ernest Deceuninck and Sylvère Verhulst set up a network for communicating information to the Allies about the German occupiers of Lille. They were eventually betrayed and executed on 22 September 1915.

Square Daubenton59000 LILLE

Seclin Fort 2

The fort which never saw actionDesigned by General Séré de Rivières to defend the Belgian border, Seclin Fort is one of nineteen fortifications which were built around the city of Lille after the defeat of 1871. Seclin never saw action because Lille was declared an “open city“ on 1 August 1914 and subsequently occupied by the Germans in October later that year. Patiently restored by the Boniface Family since 1996, Seclin Fort is today home to the Artillery Museum.

Chemin du Petit Fort59113 SECLINTel. +33 (0)320 971418www.fortseclin.com

On 4 August 1914 the German Army put the Schlieffen Plan into action and launched its troops across Belgium with the ultimate objective of taking Paris. Despite the resistance of the Belgian Army and British and French expeditionary forces, the Germans continued their advance towards the French border which they soon crossed near the town of Maubeuge. After the stalemate of the First Battle of the Marne and the Race to the Sea, the Western Front stabilized and the belligerents dug in. The war of movement had turned into a war of position. The German Army occupied the territory it had conquered. Local resistance to the new military masters soon developed but was mercilessly suppressed.The summer of 1918 saw a return to the war of movement. The Allied Armies, placed under the sole command of French Marshal Ferdinand Foch, launched a huge offensive which would break the German lines of defence and lead to the liberation of the occupied territories.

Parade of German troops in Lille main square

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Annoeullin Communal Cemetery German Extension 3

Here lies Albert Ball, ace of the Royal Flying CorpsOf all the graves in Annoeullin Cemetery one in particular stands out: that of flying ace Albert Ball. Transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1916, Ball was the leading Allied ace with 44 victories when, on 7 May 1917, his plane crashed after a battle with the squadron of Lothar Von Richthofen (brother of the Red Baron). The Germans claimed a victory while the British cited mechanical failure. Recovered by the people of Annoeullin, the body of Albert Ball was laid to rest with military honours.

Rue du Vent de Bise59112 ANNOEULLIN

Ors Communal Cemetery 4

The final resting place of the great war poet Wilfred Owen

“What passing bells for these who die as cattle? Only the monstrous anger of the guns“, wrote Wilfred Owen in the opening of Anthem for Doomed Youth. Like many of the poets of World War I, Owen described the lives of the soldiers in the trenches and denounced the horror of the fighting. He was killed in action on 4 November 1918, as his company tried to cross La Sambre Canal near the village of Ors, and laid to rest in the military section of the local cemetery.

Communal CemeteryRue de la Gare59360 ORS

Le Quesnoy New Zealand Memorial 5

The Kiwis of Le QuesnoyOn 4 November 1918 the town of Le Quesnoy was liberated by New Zealand troops who scaled the Vauban fortifications using simple wooden ladders. Fastened to the rampart wall, the New Zealand Memorial not only depicts the events of that memorable operation it also shows the Kiwi national emblem: a silver fern. Ninety years on from the Armistice of the First World War, the liberation of Le Quesnoy remains one of the most significant events in the history of the New Zealand Army.

Ramparts (access on Rue Jeanne d’Arc and Avenue des Néo-Zélandais) 59530 LE QUESNOY

Feignies – Leveau Fort 6

The longest siege of the First World War

In the summer of 1914 the German Army marched through Belgium and entered France where they came up against the fortified outworks of Maubeuge. Designed by General Séré de Rivières, they had been built to defend the French border after the defeat of 1871. On 25 August 1914 the Germans surrounded the town in what was to become the longest siege of the war: it lasted a fortnight. Today the museum of Leveau Fort tells the story of Maubeuge during the two world wars.

Rue de Mairieux59750 FEIGNIESTel. +33 (0)327 623707http://fortdeleveau.site.voila.fr

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P. Morès

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P. Morès

Scottish soldiers in a rear camp

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Assevent

Warlencourt-Eaucourt

Flesquières

Vis-en-Artois

Héninel

Aubers

Aix-Noulette

Mont-Saint-Eloi

Saint-Laurent-Blangy

Athies

Hébuterne

Albert

Beaumont-Hamel

Pozières Longueval

PasschendaeleLangemark

Poperinge

Ploegsteert

Messen(Messines)

Armentières

Bailleul

Lens

Feignies

Le Quesnoy

Ors

Annoeullin

Seclin

leper(Ypres)

Fleurbaix

Richebourg

Fromelles

Loos-en-Gohelle

Vimy

Ablain-Saint-Nazaire

Souchez

Neuville-Saint-Vaast

Monchy-le-Preux

Doignies

BullecourtAyette

Serre-Puisieux

Grévillers

Wissant

TardinghenAudinghen

Ambleteuse Marquise

Hardelot

Dannes

Sainte-Cecile-Plage

Stella-Plage

Merlimont

Saint-Josse

Rang-du-Fliers

Rue

Saint-Valery-sur-Somme

Friville-carbotin

Gamaches Hallencourt

Ailly-le-Haut-Clocher Domart-en-

Ponthieu

Auxi-le-Château

Hesdin

BernavilleDoullens

Villers-Bocage

Acheux-en-Amiénois

ComblesLe Catelet

Les Rues-des-Vignes

Wassigny

Bohain-en-Vermandois

Aubigny-au-Bac

Bouchain

Maroilles

La Capelle

Fourmies

Trélon

Bavay

Mons(Bergen)

La Louvière

Crécy-en-Ponthieu

Nouvion

Maintenay

Hucqueliers

FressinAzincourt

Fruges

Desvres

Licques

Tournehem-sur-la-Hem

Ardres

Audruicq

Sangatte

Gravelines

Bourbourg

Grand-Fort-PhilippePetit-Fort-Philippe

Zuydcoote

Bergues

Malo-les-Bains

Hondschoote

(La Panne)

Veurnes(Furnes)

Dendermonde(Termonde)

Oudenaarde(Audenarde)

Ath(Aat)

Ronse(Renaix)

Raismes

Wallers

Condé-sur-l'Escaut

St-Amand-les-Eaux

Marchiennes

Harnes

Lewarde

Houdain

Noeux-les-Mines

Wambrechies

Menen(Menin)

Mouscron(Moeskroen)

Tournai(Doornik)

Wattrelos

Marcq-en-Baroeul

Lambersart

Lomme

Villeneuve-d'Ascq

Wormhout

SteenvoordeCassel

Godewaersvelde

Arques

Clairmarais

Watten

Houlle

Fauquembergues

Lumbres

Saint-Venant

Busnes

La Bassée

Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise

Guînes

Berck-sur-Mer

Abbeville

Bruay-la-Buissière

Liévin

Hazebrouck

Aire-sur-la-Lys

Lillers

Grande-Synthe

Roeselare(Roulers)

Denain

Hénin-Beaumont

Cuincy

Maubeuge

Gent(Gand)

Kortrijk(Courtrai)

Oye-Plage

DouaiValenciennes

Avesnes-sur-Helpe

La Reconstruction dans les territoires dévastés

Le Littoral, base arrière des armées alliées

La guerre de mouvement et la première occupatio

Comines Wervicq-Sud

leper(Ypres)

Warlencourt-Eaucourt

Stella-Plage

Merlimont

Berck-sur-Mer

Le Touquet-Paris-Plage

Saint-Martin-BoulogneWimille

Cap Blanc Nez

Wimereux

Saint-Etienne-au-Mont

Etaples-sur-Mer

Montreuil-sur-Mer

Cap Blanc Nez

Wimereux

Saint-Etienne-au-Mont

Etaples-sur-Mer

Montreuil-sur-Mer

ARRAS

CAMBRAI

LILLE

DUNKIRK

SAINT-OMER

ARRAS

CAMBRAI

LILLE

DUNKIRK

SAINT-OMER

CALAISCALAIS

Boulogne-sur-MerBoulogne-sur-MerWimereux Communal Cemetery 2

In Flanders fields the poppies blow…In Wimereux Cemetery, among the graves of the 3,000 soldiers and nurses who died in the British Army field hospitals, lies the final resting place of Lt-Col John McCrae. A Canadian doctor, McCrae was the author of the famous poem In Flanders Fields which he dedicated to those who fell in the Great War. The subsequent popularity of his poem contributed greatly to the poppy being chosen as a symbol of remembrance: “In Flanders fields the poppies blow, Between the crosses, row on row“.

Communal CemeteryRue Jean Moulin62930 WIMEREUX

St. Étienne-au-Mont Communal Cemetery 3 The Chinese Labour Corps of the Great WarIn the cemetery of St Étienne-au-Mont stands a pagoda-shaped gate which marks the entrance to the final resting place of 160 Chinese and 10 South-African civilians. Organized into Labour Corps, these non-military workers carried out manual tasks for the British Army in the ports and depots which supplied the soldiers at the Front. In 1919 about eighty thousand Chinese were still at work in France clearing up the battlefields and burying the soldiers who had died in the Great War.

Communal CemeteryRue Edmond Madaré62360 SAINT-ÉTIENNE-AU-MONT

The Allies’ logistics base on the Channel coast

In 1916 the General Headquarters of the British Army took up residence in the village of Montreuil-sur-Mer which subsequently became the nerve centre of an immense logistics chain stretching along the Channel Coast.

Boulogne-sur-Mer and other Channel ports saw a steady flow of supplies and fresh troops entering France from all over the world. After training, the new recruits were sent to the various sectors of the Western Front under British control, such as Flanders, Artois and Somme. Vast hospital complexes were also set up on the coast to care for the wounded returning from the Front.

3Étaples Military Cemetery 4

Formerly a vast British Army field hospital, the site is now the largest Commonwealth War Cemetery in France.

The final resting place of almost 11,500 soldiers, Étaples Military Cemetery is all that remains of a vast hospital complex which was set up to treat the wounded and evacuated troops of the British Army during the Great War. The town of Étaples was also home to the largest training camp outside Great Britain for recruits coming from all parts of the Commonwealth. Millions of men passed through the forty barracks of Étaples on their way to the Western Front.

RD 94062630 ÉTAPLES

Cap Blanc Nez The Dover Patrol Memorial 1

The guardians of the Strait of Dover During the Great War the German Army prosecuted underwater operations against the military and merchant navies of the Allies in an attempt to close the shipping routes between England and France and so deprive the British forces on the Continent of supplies and reinforcements. The Dover Patrol Memorial on the French headland of Cap Blanc-Nez honours “the glorious cooperation of the French and British Navies“ whose heroic efforts kept the Strait of Dover open to Allied shipping.

Cap Blanc-NezSente du Blanc-Nez62179 ESCALLES

A.S Flament

Montreuil-sur-Mer – The Equestrian Statue of Field Marshal Haig 5

The GHQ of the British Army The equestrian statue of Field Marshal Haig is one of the few reminders of the British presence in Montreuil during the Great War. It was here that Douglas Haig, Commander-in-chief of the British Army, installed his General Headquarters between 1916 and 1919. Montreuil suddenly became the British Army’s centre of operations for the supply of troops, provisions and equipment from the French ports of Boulogne, Calais and Dunkirk to the nearby front in Flanders, Artois and Somme.

Place du Théâtre 6 2170 MONTREUIL-SUR-MER

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The Town of Bailleul 1

The ideal Flemish townSpared from much of the fighting in the early days of the war, the town of Bailleul was eventually destroyed in the German spring offensive of 1918. During reconstruction the local authorities commissioned "regionalist" architects, such as Louis-Marie Cordonnier, to give a traditional Flemish appearance to what would be in fact a modern and carefully-planned urban area. Today, as a result of their work, post-war Bailleul is undoubtedly one of Flanders’ most beautiful towns.

Grand’Place 59270 BAILLEUL

Armentières – Town Hall and Bell Tower 2

Mademoiselle from Armentières and Flemish RenaissanceUsed extensively by the Commonwealth for stationing troops prior to the various Battles of Ypres, the Flanders town of Armentières was also the setting for the song Mademoiselle from Armentières. Reduced to rubble in the fighting, the town centre was redesigned after the Great War by the architect Louis-Marie Cordonnier. His regionalist ideas can be seen in many features of the town, notably the design of the bell tower which adheres faithfully to the style of the Flemish Renaissance.

Place du Général de Gaulle59280 ARMENTIÈRES

Zone Rouge (lit. Red Zone) was the name given to the area in France which had been ravaged by four years of fighting. The ground had been laid bare and the towns and infrastructure had all but been destroyed.

The reconstruction of the villages, towns and cities was driven by the wishes of the elected representatives and the imagination of the architects who were commissioned to draw the plans. The rich architectural heritage of Arras was faithfully rebuilt to its pre-war glory whereas towns such as Bailleul adopted a traditional regional style which they combined with innovative town planning. Other towns such as Cambrai and Lens chose to rebuild in the modern Art Deco style.

Modernity was also reflected in the choice of materials used during the period of reconstruction, reinforced concrete was immensely popular, however traditional materials such as brick and stone were far from ignored.

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Post-war reconstruction

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N 50

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Comines Wervicq-Sud

Roubaix

Tourcoing

CaudryLe Cateau-Cambrésis

Assevent

Flesquières

Vis-en-Artois

Héninel

Kemmel

Aubers

Aix-Noulette

Mont-Saint-Eloi

Saint-Laurent-Blangy

Athies

Hébuterne

Albert

Beaumont-Hamel

Pozières Longueval

PasschendaeleLangemark

Poperinge

Ploegsteert

Messen(Messines)

Etaples-sur-Mer

Saint-Etienne-au-Mont

Wimereux

Montreuil-sur-Mer

Feignies

Le Quesnoy

Ors

Annoeullin

Seclin

leper(Ypres)

Fleurbaix

Richebourg

Fromelles

Loos-en-Gohelle

Vimy

Ablain-Saint-Nazaire

Souchez

Neuville-Saint-Vaast

Monchy-le-Preux

Doignies

BullecourtAyette

Serre-Puisieux

Grévillers

Wissant

TardinghenAudinghen

Ambleteuse Marquise

Hardelot

Dannes

Sainte-Cecile-Plage

Stella-Plage

Merlimont

Saint-Josse

Rang-du-Fliers

Rue

Saint-Valery-sur-Somme

Friville-carbotin

Gamaches Hallencourt

Ailly-le-Haut-Clocher Domart-en-

Ponthieu

Auxi-le-Château

Hesdin

BernavilleDoullens

Villers-Bocage

Acheux-en-Amiénois

ComblesLe Catelet

Les Rues-des-Vignes

Wassigny

Bohain-en-Vermandois

Aubigny-au-Bac

Bouchain

Maroilles

La Capelle

Fourmies

Trélon

Bavay

Mons(Bergen)

La Louvière

Crécy-en-Ponthieu

Nouvion

Maintenay

Hucqueliers

FressinAzincourt

Fruges

Desvres

Licques

Tournehem-sur-la-Hem

Ardres

Audruicq

Sangatte

Gravelines

Bourbourg

Grand-Fort-PhilippePetit-Fort-Philippe

Zuydcoote

Bergues

Malo-les-Bains

Hondschoote

(La Panne)

Veurnes(Furnes)

Dendermonde(Termonde)

Oudenaarde(Audenarde)

Ath(Aat)

Ronse(Renaix)

Raismes

Wallers

Condé-sur-l'Escaut

St-Amand-les-Eaux

Marchiennes

Harnes

Lewarde

Houdain

Noeux-les-Mines

Wambrechies

Menen(Menin)

Mouscron(Moeskroen)

Tournai(Doornik)

Wattrelos

Marcq-en-Baroeul

Lambersart

Lomme

Villeneuve-d'Ascq

Wormhout

SteenvoordeCassel

Godewaersvelde

Arques

Clairmarais

Watten

Houlle

Fauquembergues

Lumbres

Saint-Venant

Busnes

La Bassée

Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise

Guînes

Touquet-aris-Plage

Berck-sur-Mer

Abbeville

Bruay-la-Buissière

Liévin

Hazebrouck

Aire-sur-la-Lys

Lillers

Grande-Synthe

Roeselare(Roulers)

Denain

Hénin-Beaumont

Cuincy

Maubeuge

Gent(Gand)

Kortrijk(Courtrai)

Oye-Plage

DouaiValenciennes

Avesnes-sur-Helpe

La Reconstruction dans les territoires dévastés

Le Littoral, base arrière des armées alliées

La guerre de mouvement et la première occupatio

Comines Wervicq-Sud

Stella-Plage

Merlimont

Berck-sur-Mer

Cap Blanc Nez

Nord - Pas de Calais

Warlencourt-Eaucourt

Bailleul

Armentières

Lens

Béthune

Bailleul

Armentières

Lens

Béthune

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Steenwerck

Vieille-Chapelle

Bapaume

BOULOGNE-SUR-MER

CALAIS

LILLE

DUNKIRK

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DUNKIRK

SAINT-OMER

Arras

Cambrai

Arras

Cambrai

4Lens – Railway Station 4

The station in the shape of a locomotiveIt took more than two years after the end of the war to clear away the rubble before the reconstruction of the ruined town of Lens could begin. In 1926 architect Urbain Cassan drew up plans to build a new station in the shape of a steam locomotive, with a clock tower for its funnel and exaggerated arches for its wheels. Inside the station Cassan added a mosaic on the themes of railways and coal-mining to reflect the building’s purpose and the history of the town.

Place du Général de Gaulle62300 LENS

P. Morès

Béthune – Town Hall, Bell Tower and Main Square 3

A new setting for the bell towerDuring the Battle of the Lys, in the spring of 1918, the German Army attempted to take the town of Béthune and, following their failure, showered the town centre with incendiary shells. The 14th century bell tower in the main square was one of the town’s few architectural features to have survived. In the aftermath of the battle the houses which bordered the square were rebuilt in a mixture of styles. The town hall, designed by Jacques Alleman, is the central piece of this architectural ensemble.

Grand’Place62400 BÉTHUNE

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Arras – Town Hall, Bell Tower and Squares 5

The faithful reconstruction of a martyred townBy the end of the Great War, after suffering almost constant shelling from 1914 to 1917, Arras was in ruins and a “martyred city“. It was decided that its prominent features, such as the bell tower, the town hall and the facades of the houses bordering the main square, should be rebuilt as faithfully as possible to the originals. Using a mixture of reinforced concrete and stone facing, architect Pierre Paquet managed to restore much of the rich architectural heritage of Arras.

Grand’Place and Place des Héros62000 ARRAS

Cambrai – The Town Centre 6

A new town centre raised from the embersWhen the Germans retreated from Cambrai in October 1918 all they left their Canadian successors was a ghost town with a burned-out centre. The architect Pierre Leprince-Ringuet was given the job of rebuilding the town and he gave Cambrai new squares and streets, concentrated the administrative buildings and shops into specific areas, and designed a brand new town hall. Today the architecture in Cambrai’s centre is a mixture of traditional regional styles and the more modern concept of Art Deco.

Grand’Place59400 CAMBRAI

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E. Le Brun - Light Motiv

18 1919

Write to us:Comité Régional de Tourisme Nord-Pas de Calais

6, place Mendès FranceBP 99 - 59028 Lille Cedex

Tel. +33 (0)320 145757 www.northernfrance-tourism.com

© C

opyr

ight

: CRT

Nor

d-Pa

s-de

-Cal

ais,

2010

. Any

repr

oduc

tion,

eve

n pa

rtia

l, is

pro

hibi

ted

with

out p

rior w

ritte

n co

nsen

t fro

m N

ord-

Pas-

de-C

alai

s Tou

rist B

oard

.Pu

blic

atio

n da

te: 2

nd q

uart

er 2

010.

Prin

ters

: Gra

phic

Art

s D

esch

amps

. Cov

er p

hoto

s: P

. Fru

tier -

S. D

hote

. Tra

duct

ion

: Gra

ham

mac

Lach

lan.

PE

FC

/10-

31-1

269

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