Europe, 15th-17th centuries

RENAISSANCE AND HUMANISM

1.What were some causes of the change from the medieval to the Renaissance?

2.How did the Renaissance differ from the medieval period? How was it similar?

3.What impact did capitalism have on the Renaissance?

•What did the people at the time think of the idea of Renaissance?

RENAISSANCE IS…

•Trade

•Technology

•Breakdown of feudalism in favor of social strata by wealth

•Humanism

–Individualism

•Education –Rebirth of Greco-Roman achievement

RENAISSANCE CAUSED BY…

•What is capitalism? –Profit

–Property

–Competition

–Market

•How did this help start the Renaissance?

WHAT IMPACT DID CAPITALISM HAVE ON THE RENAISSANCE?

•wealth

•physically close to origins of Classical past

•economics: Those who possessed capital had few opportunities to invest their money in enterprises (Black Death ruined economy), so invested in culture

RENAISSANCE BEGINS IN ITALY (FLORENCE) BECAUSE…

•Secular but NOT atheist

•Individualism

•Break with the past

•Petrarch: division of history into Classical, Medieval Dark Age, Renaissance

HUMANISM

•Scholarship leads to discoveries that question tradition

•Improve self through education

•admiration for classical past

•debate against Scholasticism

•Proper Latin!!

HUMANISM IS CAUSED BY …

Scholastic happiness in the afterlife - not in life Vulgate Bible is fine Revere the "Experts of Old" Tradition! Universities nobles

Humanist human happiness attainable in lifetime re-examine Vulgate Bible Practical education Figure it out yourself Merchants; bourgeois; cities Secondary education level

CONTRAST HUMANISM & SCHOLASTICISM

•Christianity remains at core

•Social hierarchy intact

–Though bourgeois growing in power

•Tradition

–Some in Renaissance seeks to clarify tradition – go back to “original intent” – as if Medieval folk had lost their way

SIMILARITIES – RENAISSANCE AND MEDIEVAL PERIOD

How do visual arts emphasize the importance of the individual in a secular society? Da Vinci Michelangelo Sculptor

Painter

Architect

Idealized forms of human beings

VISUAL ARTS

•Scenes are no longer religious

•Some aspect of humanity is offered up for admiration

IMPORTANCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN A SECULAR SOCIETY - VISUAL

MEDIEVAL ART

MEDIEVAL

MEDIEVAL

GIOTTO

FRA ANGELICO, 14TH CEN

FRA ANGELICO

HIERONYMUS BOSCH

SANDRO BOTTICELLI

PETER BRUEGHEL

BOSCH AGAIN…

ALBRECHT DURER

PORTRAITURE

PORTRAITURE

How do sculptures emphasize the importance of the individual in a secular society? Sculptors study Greco-Roman masters Donatello

Brunelleschi

“churches as spiritual places to fulfill human, not divine, needs”

ARCHITECTURE

•Churches as spiritual places to fulfill human, not divine, needs

•Concern for beauty in Greco-Roman sense

IMPORTANCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN A SECULAR SOCIETY - ARCHITECTURAL

•How does literature emphasize the importance of the individual in a secular society?

•Vernacular –Dante •Inferno

–Cervantes •Don Quixote

–Chaucer •Canterbury Tales

–Shakespeare •Etc. etc. etc.

LITERATURE

•Chaucer

•Characters are honorable

IMPORTANCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN A SECULAR SOCIETY - LITERARY

How does political science emphasize the importance of the individual in a secular society?

Machiavelli ● “Ends justify the means”

● Most at the time spoke of the Prince’s moral obligations… not Niccholo!

● Humans = basically self-interested – use this knowledge to control them

● Prince acts for the State – morality can take a nap…

POLITICAL SCIENCE