1

SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

INSE 6311

Assignment 1 Report on GIS Tutorial

Submitted by Kumar Yogesh (6841791)

Singh Damandeep (688933)

Table of ContentsIntroduction.................................................................................................................................................1

EXERCISE 1: Exploring your data..................................................................................................................2

EXERCISE 2: Working with geographical features........................................................................................4

Exercise 3 working with tables....................................................................................................................8

EXERCISE 4: Editing features......................................................................................................................14

EXERCISE 5: Working with map elements..................................................................................................17

2

Table of Figures

Figure 1 Location of School and contour map.............................................................................................3

Figure 2 Airport geodatabase......................................................................................................................4

Figure 3 Airport geodatabase incorporated with airport area.....................................................................5

Figure 4 Airport data frame showing noise contours..................................................................................6

Figure 5 Parcels affected by noise...............................................................................................................6

Figure 6 Land use in noise contour..............................................................................................................7

Figure 7 Classifying features by Quantity shown by graduated colors.......................................................9`

Figure 8 shape and Area of each parcel.......................................................................................................9

Figure 9 Population Density of each Parcel...............................................................................................10

Figure 10 population density for each tract in people per square mile.....................................................11

Figure 11 Population density variation on the map...................................................................................12

Figure 12 Different layers on the map.......................................................................................................13

Figure 13 land available before editing.....................................................................................................14

Figure 14 New road drawn in existing roads.............................................................................................15

Figure 15 Land after drawing new road....................................................................................................16

Figure 16 Data frame of map with noise contour......................................................................................18

Figure 17 Land use within noise contour...................................................................................................18

Figure 18 Land use within noise contour incorporating legends...............................................................19

Figure 19 Land use within noise contour incorporating legends and scale bar.........................................19

Figure 20 Proposed airport extension along with extent rectangle...........................................................20

Figure 21 Proposed airport expansion final layout....................................................................................21

3

4

IntroductionResidents of the county have identified several issues they are concerned about. These includes noise affecting schools and houses near the airport and increases traffic along major roads. In this tutorial, we had first created and printed a map showing schools near the airport. Then we have placed this map along with two other maps that show land use surrounding the airport and population density for the county on a wall-sized poster for display.

In this tutorial we have learned how to

Display map features

Add data to your map

Edit geographic data

Work with data tables

Query and select geographic features

Lay out and print a map

1

EXERCISE 1: Exploring your dataPurpose of this exercise is to familiarize with the basic steps in using ArcMap. Basic steps include loading of map, knowing basic utilization of ArcMap, familiarizing with the GUI of ArcMap, selecting layout of map for printing, knowledge of editing on a Map, inserting map elements, saving a map. A figure of the map, after completion of the Exercise 1 is provided below.

A pre-existing map of a locality consisting of location of school, location of airport, major roads, proposed airport expansion zone, locality or county boundary along with the contour of noise generated is loaded on ArcMap. The following steps were incorporated in this exercise.

Different layers corresponding to different data frame are displayed or can be selected using the box next to it.

On the pre-existing map, a school is identified and named Northwestern Prep.

Changing the layout of map is learned in this tutorial. Landscape layout for the map is used to work on the map.

Title of the map on form of element insertion is done.

Different legends to different data were assigned in the map.

Arrow to locate the orientation of the area with respect to direction is loaded on the map showing north direction.

Scale bar is inserted for the assessment of dimension or distance is interested.

Steps involved in printing and saving the map is learned.

2

Figure 1 Location of School and contour map.

3

EXERCISE 2: Working with geographical featuresPurpose of this exercise is to add a new data frame and incorporating the existing school data frame in this new data frame. Amount of land in form of different parcels of different land use which are within the contour of noise from the airport are examined and the results are displayed in form of table and bar chart.

Main steps that have been applied

A new data frame i.e a collection of layers drawn in a particular order for a specific map extent and map projection is created. For the particular example, the data frame inserted is airport geodatabase.

Layers from the School data frame used in Exercise 1 are copied in the Airport geodatabase.

Different land use in the map extent i.e Agricultural, commercial, industrial, residential, unknown land use are assigned using different colors.

Parcels of different land use type within the noise contour were identified.

Results i.e amount of land within noise contour is summarized in table. Steps involved in creating the table is learned.

Another way of summarizing the results are bar chart. A bar chart for number of parcels corresponding to different land use type which are within the noise contour is prepared.

All these results are placed in the layout

Corresponding figures for the steps applied in Exercise 2 are displayed below.

Figure 2 Airport geodatabase

In the above figure, the map extent of the area or airport geodatabase is shown. This data frame is inserted in the ArcMap. This data frame is an existing geodatabase provided in the ArcMap.

4

Figure 3 Airport geodatabase incorporated with airport area

Map used in Exercise 1 can been seen in light blue color in the above figure. The location of airport in the whole map is required to determine the impact of the noise generated by it on the surrounding area. To assess the area affected by the noise, the extent of existing airport is necessary, since the area near to it will be more affected by the noise. For this, the correct location of airport on the map is require. This is done in the above step.

In the figure 4, the noise contour due to the noise generated from the airport is drawn on the map. This is required to know the extent of area affected by noise. As we can see there is a large area which is affected by the noise and in order to calculate the area, imprint of contour line on the map is a necessity.

To calculate the area affected by the noise, different land use parcels for the area which are within the noise contour are highlighted. In the next figure 5, different parcels in the noise contour are highlighted in light blue color. This gives us the total area covered or affected by the noise due to the airport.

5

Figure 4 Airport data frame showing noise contours

Figure 5 Parcels affected by noise

6

Figure 6 Land use in noise contour

The above figure 6 corresponds to the tabulated format to show different land use parcels located within the noise contour of airport.

In the above fig, the following results can be concluded.

First column corresponds to the Agricultural area in light blue color with the total area within the noise contour of 141

Second column corresponds to the Commercial area in light dark pink color with the total area within the noise contour of 15

Third column corresponds to the Industrial area in white color with the total area within the noise contour of 8

Fourth column corresponds to the Residential area in florescent blue color with the total area within the noise contour of 257.

Fifth column corresponds to the Unknown area i.e area which do not belong to any of the above in magenta color with the total area within the noise contour of 141

From the above results, it can be concluded that the most affected area due to the noise is residential follows but agricultural area.

7

Exercise 3 working with tablesThe purpose of this exercise is to map the population density for the county, which further helps to manipulate fields and incorporate data from other sources. Data frames and the table of contents are the primary way to interact with geographic data in ArcMap. This exercise also shows how to perform joining functions and carry out basic statistical calculations. The followings steps were performed in same exercise.

Maintaining the same layer styles over multiple data frames to display the data

ArcCatalog helps to find, preview, document and organize geographic data and create up to date

geodatabases to store that data.

Adding data in tabular form and it is needed to click the source tab at the bottom of the ArcMap

table of contents to see the table or to open it

Joining data is used to attach the fields of one table to those of another through attribute.

When a join table is removed all data from tables that were attached after it is also removed but

the data from previously joined table remain same

A menu in the Field Calculator dialogue box that helps to choose how fields will be listed (for ex-

ample population, Shape_area)

Symbology defines the appearance of the data when drawn.

The coordinate system for the default data frame is not defined when ArcMap is started with new,

empty map.

8

Figure 7 Classifying features by Quantity shown by graduated colors

The fig shows the map with single symbol drawn features that reveals the patterns and trends on the map.

Figure 8 shape and Area of each parcel

9

Figure 9 Population Density of each Parcel

The population density has been calculated by using the formula below:

tracts.POP_DEN = [tract_pop.POPULATION] / ([tracts.Shape_Area] / 27878400 )

where,

tracts.POP_DEN = Population density

tract_pop.POPULATION = Population of the parcel

tracts.Shape_Area = Area of parcel. (Area is divided by 27878400 to convert it into square mile from square foot)

10

Figure 10 population density for each tract in people per square mile

Here the tables are joined having data to a layer based on the value of a field that can be found in both tables. It is not necessary that the name of the field have to be same but the data has to be the same.

11

Figure 11 Population density variation on the map.

When it is required that the map to communicate how much of people is, feature ‘quantitative measure’ has been used. This measure shows the high, medium, or low population density. This representation of population density has been done by using Graduate colors varying from lighter shade to darker shade. Darker shades indicate the greater number of people and lighter shades indicate the lower number of people.

In this figure, the representation of the quantities on the map has been shown by varying colors by which, it can easily be traced that on which part of the map, population density is concentrated in relation to the airport and to major roads. In this population map different shades of colors has been used varying from red (means higher dense area), orange (medium dense populated area) and yellow for (less dense populated area).

12

Figure 12 Different layers on the map

In the above figure the different shades represents the different layers on the map. This image accumulate the different layers on the map such as population density frame, arterials and airport area which is represented in blue shade.

13

EXERCISE 4: Editing featuresThe purpose of this exercise is to edit the existing data and maps.

The exportation of data for a layer to another layer, format of the features from the original data

source.

In order to edit features in ArcMap the desired layer was selected among all other dis-

played layers by turning of other layers

Snapping environment helps to establish the exact location in relation to other features.

Digitizing is the process in which the lines or points from the source media has been

traced.

The point, line or polygonal features has been defined that are you wish to capture.

Addition of attributes to selected features in a layer.

Figure 13 land available before editing

14

To create new feature within the existing features the editing tool has been used, such as sketch tool which helps to create point features and parametric features on the map.

Figure 14 New road drawn in existing roads

The above figure shows how to create new roads on the map the lines or polygons can be used. In this figure new loop road has been added and then joining within the existing roads. When it is required to create new features or a sketch, the sketch tool has been used. The new road has been drawn in blue color.

15

Figure 15 Land after drawing new road

The figure show all the layers on the map that had been closed for editing (drawing new roads). The size that had been changed (zoomed for editing) come back on the standard size in a ratio of 1:100,000.

16

EXERCISE 5: Working with map elementsIn this exercise, the main purpose is to learn to finalize the results concluded in above chapters. Proper layout using better GUI for better understanding of results is necessary to summarize and present the results of any work. This chapter deals with the process of finalizing the results and conclusion into a polished work to print for submission of work at any industry.

In this chapters, following steps will be done for betterment of the results to present it to anyone.

Titles, Legends and scale bar are added in all maps in different data frames.

Insertion of titles corresponding to the purpose of data frame in a stylish way is presented in this chapter.

Choosing format to represent different parcels in a data frame is learned.

Scale bar to understand the scale of map is necessary to determine the total area of a map. Choosing the best way to represent the scale is presented in this chapter.

Placing of titles, legends and scale bar on data frame is done.

Formatting of different data frame contents for better understanding of map is explored.

Incorporation of extent rectangles to show the extent of a data frame within another data frame is done.

Finalizing the data frames by addition of drop shadow and netline for better visual presentation is incorporated in this chapter.

Printing of final map is done.

Figure corresponding to different steps are shown below.

Figure 16 corresponds to the first data frame selected to finalize with the titles, legends and scale bar is shown.

Figure 17 shows the same map with corresponding title of “Land use within Noise Contour”.

Figure 5.3 and 5.4 are the same Land use within noise contour with incorporation of legends showing different land use type and scale bar for calculation of dimension if necessary. Change in legends title is done as can be observed from Figure 18 to Figure 19. Titles in legends are changed for better understanding of map.

17

Figure 16 Data frame of map with noise contour

Figure 17 Land use within noise contour

18

Figure 18 Land use within noise contour incorporating legends

Figure 19 Land use within noise contour incorporating legends and scale bar

Same finishing as provided for the “Land Use within noise contour” is incorporated for rest of the data frames i.e. for population density and proposed airport extension. In Figure 5.5 and 5.6, titles, legends and scale bar can be seen in the data frames mentioned above.

19

In fig 5.6, i.e in the map “Proposed Airport Expansion”, it can be noted that the direction arrow for location for direction orientation has been added. No direction arrow or north arrow is added on any other map. This due to factor that all the maps are in same orientation and direction orientation do not change for maps. All the maps are orientated in the same direction.

In fig 5.6, an extend rectangle is also incorporated showing the area which is zoomed in the corresponding figure next to it. This is done too easy in location of area that is shown in the figure corresponding. IT helps in pointing out the zone where one is working on in the whole map.

For the final layout for the print, all the data frames and table are put in one layout plan with a title of Proposed Airport Expansion. All the data are placed with drop shadow. Drop shadow gives the feeling that the data frame is coming out of the layout. It can be visualized by the light gray or black color around the box of data frame.

Netline is incorporated in the final layout. Border with equal distance are shown along netline. The background color of layout is changed to light blue color for better visualization of final print. The final print is shown the Figure 5.7

Figure 20 Proposed airport extension along with extent rectangle

20

Figure 21 Proposed airport expansion final layout

21