report to board of water commissioners on new … · the •ootors and other mec hanical,...

I I

REPORT

TO THEI BOARD OF WATER COMMISSIONERSI

CITY OF DOVER I

NEW HAMPSHIRE I

I

I ON

( NEW WATER SUPPLY SOURCES

I ANDIMPROVEMENTS

I I NOVEMBER 1979

I I

I middotCAMP DRESSER amp McKEE INC

I Environmental En1lneers Boston Massachusetts

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I CHAPTER IV - DOVER WATER SYSTEM AMO ADDITIONAl SUPPLY CAPACITY REQUIRED

41 General

The Dover water system is a stnglemiddotpressure system supplied entirely from groundwater sources A stmpl tfted schematic plan of the system show i ngI t he basic water supply elements is shown on Figure 41 As indicated on th11t plan there are presently five active wells (Cu11111ings Ireland Griff i n Hughes and Calderwood) of COIllarable su pply capac i ties ( 500 toI 600 gpm) wh i ch are connected radially to the central area served by the distribution system by feeder mains 8 to 16 inches in diameter The 40 mg Garris on Hill storage reservoir flow line elevation 305ft MSLbull)

I locat ed with i n a mile of the city center floats on the system mainshyta i ning system pressure and meets peak hourly demands and fire floljs i n excess of the fell delivery rates

I 42 Transmission and Distribution Mains

bull I Presently the wells feed the central systeal ffOID the north (CUIIIIIings

jell) south (Ireland Griffin and Hughes wells) and west Calderwood well) As indicated in later chapters of this report the radial pattern of supply will continue as at present and for the most part additional water sources will be located tn the general vtctnity of the Calderwood well about four miles west of downtown Dover Additional feeder utns to the central area of the city will be required as the future supplies~ are constructed nd these ptpel1nes are included in the factlities

descriptions and cost esttbullates for the projects considered tn this study Because the transmtsston utns tnto the city related to futuN water supply developnent would follow the saM routes as those proposed in the 1974 C[Jt report the s11111 progr11n of local l~rovnts to thebull lentral network of arteriAl mains should be followed as was recOllllllftded in 1974 Reference should be made to the previous report where the

bull ll di str i bution system and recont1llnded improvements to i t are described in

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43 Existing Well Supplies

The present well supplies are described tn thts section for the purpose of relat i ng them to the water system schematic plan and to estimate the f utu re water supply deficits that will require the plann i ng and construcshytion of additional water sources In Chapter V the present well capacishyti es are compared wi t h the long-term yields of the various groundwater aquifers in which they are cons t ruct ed and these ColfJartsons are used to evil l uate the possibili t y of developing additional su~o~ply from those aquifers

The five present acti ve well s have all been co~leted in the past 15 JElrs and replaced ear l ier surface water supply sources that had been c gtns ructed over many years s ince the late 1800s (Descriptions of the o~~Ji er 11u ni cipal ater wo rks are ghen on pages 2 and 3 of the 197 4 COM

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FIG 42 GROUND ELEVImONS AND STATIC AND PUMPING WATER LEVEL E~ATIOfoiS 0 DOVER WELLS MAY 1979

bull f eediny of quadenc was successfu l olh en the ltl 1d er~ood bull ell ~as~ J laced in sermiddottice i n December 172 the Hughes 1e ll was put on standby The Hu ghes we ll ~rese nt l y can suppl flews 11 ~ c~s Jf uo g~ without txcess i ve ar awdcwn because ~h e we 11 nas c1 ea lo n 1979J and i s used only i nt erm i t t entl y fo r peaking Co nstr~ct icn M n i ron and manganese removal plant for the Hugnes ~el l i s considered ~ote ri n t his report

Cal derwood Well ~ The Ca l derwood llell lidS debull1elvpe1 i l 7 r ~he loppe r s area 1n t he south west co rne r of t he city off ~oche ste r Neck koad near t he Ba rr i ngton line The Hoppers area hcd J1s een explored by the Cor ps of Engineers i n the mid 1950 s as J ~ti el groundwa t er supply for Pease Air Force Base and was Jatar ~rmiddotesti shygat ed by Cover and COM in 1970 as a supplementa ry Wdtir supp ly source The weJI yield after dn extended t ri dl pumping period with a 1500 gpm pwnp was found t o be 700 gpm or less and the original pump was replaced with a lower capacity (750 gpm) unit The water is of exceJlent quali t y requ i r i ng only al kali addit ion f or pH adj ustment t hus t he well supply is pumped di rect ly into the distri buti on system without further t rea tment The pulyen) ts operated continuous ly to mai ntain distribution system pressure i n the vicinity of the County Fann and also because the quality of th i s supply fs superior to the other Cover sources The well 1s normally throttled with flows i n the range of 400 to 600 gpm There 1s no auxtJfary power source but space was provi ded tn the puqgttng Stat t on llYout to accoiiiiiOdate a standby engtne Addftfonal wen supplies hiVe been proposed for further investigation at The Hoppers area because of the potential for usfng the hfgh quality water froa the adjacent Isinglass River for grou-ater rechargin~

Each of the presently acttve wells periodically requires teqorary remoshy

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nfa~bullte~s well efficiency and capacity by reducing drawdowns to the original conshyditions The results of cleaning are indicated on Table 41 and are descr ibed in greater detafl fn the letters fro the city s well contracshytors referenced at the bott011 of that table

Whfle there are certain differences in depth yfeld water qualfty and pwnping equfJJMnt 1110ng the fhe act he wells they are of stbull flar construction (24 diameter outer casings with 18 diameter gravel-walled well screens and i nner casings) The total depth of the CUIIIIIfngs well is 75 feet while the other four wells (Ireland Grfff fn Hughes and Calderwood) range fn depth from 101 to 114 feet Despite differences a1110ng the aquifers and wll sites the long-term well yields are also c~arable generally i n the range of 500 to 600 gpm Each well fs equipped wi th a vertical-turbine PampIDP drhen by a vertical induction motor The bullootors and other mechanical electrical and treatment equipment are installed in well houses rather than i n underground vaults

I Aquadene fs an agent fed to the water i n an att empt to sequester ( i e to render innocuous) the iron and manganese found tn well suppl ies

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TABLE 42 tttver Water Supply Sources

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Concentrations tn bullfll1grams per 1iter

Well or Other Facit 1tr Aquifer Iron as Fe Hanganese 1 as ~In

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Water supply deficits in 1980 and in future years ha ve been ~stimated as the difference between the total required maxirrum aay water supply and J a mgd the nomt na 1 comb ned lpacity of the presen t ~e1~ s) as shown in Taole 4 3 based on the maxirTIJm day requ1rements proJected in Chapter 11 I

Table 43 Water Supply Deficits in Future Years To Be Met from Additional Supplies

Total capacity Required Maxim1111 Day Required from

Water Supply New Sources Year ea2acitt 1 Jd ld

1980 41 03

1990 48 10

1995bull 53 15

2000 58 20

2010 74 36

2020 90 5 2

1995 ts the dosilll horizonbull for the Stage I watar supply illlrovtbullnts prograbull See Ch1ptar Vlll

Work on additional supplin should procHd without dal~ to -t inshycreasad dnds upoctod to occur after 1980 As bull111 be described

J~d~~qutc~~e~i~fJsg~~t~s~lct~i~~ued p-ptly (2) tht quntion of groundwater supply obtlined by Isinglass River recllaiIJing of The Hoppers aquifer should be resolved early (in the mid-19ao~) and (3) it appears that Oover bull111 need to undortlke or participate in a IMjor surface reservoir supply project to beca operational by 2020 or 2025

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PRESE1gtIT PLMPAQO RATES OF OOVER IgtFLLS AND ESTJlTED ~FER YEilJS ND TRAN51SS BLT ES

j (1) Yield of 10 mgd is es t imated on the bas is of the ettended pumpage

exoer ience of the Calde rwood well and s t abili zation of the dr awdown~ Lamiddot -1e ~aler-ood well and ubservation tlls

j ~ ~ ) YidJ oi 50 mgd i s estimated as the combined yiel d obt ainab le from natural precipitation and articial aquifer recharging wi th diverted Is in lass River surface water

1 il (3) Yield estilreted from natural precipitatim recharge but this may not

be fully extractable because of potential saltmiddotwater intrusicn of the aquifer

(4) Well Specific Capaci t y is the gallons per day produced per foot of drawdown (gpdft) The Specific capocity of each well varies dependmiddot ing on the amnllt of water withdrmc frc- storage (which causes theI static water level in the fomat ioo to decline) and on the cmlltion of the fonnation arolnd the well (which partillly plup with um U1d nanganese deposits between periodic cleanings and increa5es the hydraulic resistance to p~inJ)

(5) Translllissibility is bullasured in gallcm per dey passing horizontally in middot~ an aquifer follllltion in a strip one foot wide 111der a lllit hydnulic gradient (ilt one foot of head available to o101rca hydraulic lassos from aquifer resistance per horizmtal linear foot of aquifer aterial) and is expressed in gallcm per day per foot)I 8c

(6) The ratio of the calcuiated transllissibilily to the observed well Speci fie Capacity varies wells because the Well efficiflty

jl I (i e the ratio of the observed specific capacity to the theoretical

specific capacity) siplificantly varies g the lbwr wells

(7) Estinate based on analysis of 1970 Test Well No 1 ~ test deta

I (8) Best estimated frolo recent ~ing and well drawdown deta 0 (9) Calcuiated m extended ~ing test at The lbppers (Juiy 1976) at test 0well near 1976 test wells 12middot76 and 13-76jl Ul

bull see ~ Dresser 6 rtlee Inr middot~rt on GromcWater Inwstigations at The tbppers January 1978 Figure 1 (page 4) for test well locat ion

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tltIO t imts t he long- te rm aquife r yi eld ConseQuently the City has not const r ucted a t hi rd well at t he site i t owns mi dway between t he Ireland Jnd Gr i ffi n well s

5 3 3 Ba rbadoes Pond Aquife r

As shown on Figu re 5 1 most of the Barbadoes Pond aqui fer l ies south of J t he Ci ty 1 ine in ~cibu ry although the Hughes we ll ~ ro perty is j ust ins ide Cover The Hughes well full y devel ops t he long- term yi eld of the aqui shyfer al t hough i t s large est imated storage capaci t y (see Tlt1ble 5 1) comshyJ pared to the Pudding Hil l aquifer and the depth of the deposits (ove r 100 feet ) suggest t hat the construction of a second well in t he aquife r to meet seasonal peak demands shoul d be feasi ble A well site might lle obtained for ex~le on undevel oped land tn Dover between the Hughes lfell and Lt ttleworth Road or on the abandoned gra vel pit area about 1500 ft sw of the Hughes Well off Old Stage Road Increas i ng the pumpage f rom t he aqui fer t o a rate substant ia lly hi gher t han t he long-term yiel d however might noti ceab ly aff ect the level of Barbadoes Pond a recreashyt ional site and could poss i bly re-open the cont roversy between t he owners and users of t he pond and the City Accordingly a proposal to construct a second Dover well in the Barbadoes Pond aqutfer could well prove counter-productive and we would no recoanend tt

534 The Hoppers Agutfer

The HopperSJQf~er offers a unique situation because of the potential for greatly fncnto1sed yflld by surface water recharging frOII the adjacent Cocheco or Is inglass Rivers The Hoppers forllltfon was investigated tn

I ~~g~~ de~~~~e t ~ g~ t ~= 1~~=~ 1 ~ Y1 ~~=lYt~t~~ 19~ ~n on Fi gure 51 about 30 percent of The Hoppers aquifer area 11es within the Ci ty of Uovebull and the full piOcfp1tatfon IOChuye yie ld Is developed byI the Cal derwood well The evaluat ion of the recharging proposal is 1 caplex matter requtrfng (tn the future fteld test s on a larger Stilt than would be requfred to ctonstrate the fen t bility of conventtOMl

I well pngtj ects Acconlfngly the piOsent stuey has been lfbullfted to 1 thCHOugh review of previous field tests ~tng records lftd aqutfer analyses to develop as COIIPlete an office evaluation of potential yield as poss i ble and to describe and estiN t e the cost of an ultfuteI recharge project before add i tional f feld tests are undertaken The results of this stuctY are descr i bed tn Chapter VII where tt ts concluded that the cCIIbt ned potential yteld from precfpttatfon and surface recharging ts probably tn the range of 4 to 6 mgdbull

I 5 35 Huckleberry Hi ll Aqu i fe r

bull From the data on Table 51 tt would appear from t he area of the depos its and the est imated aqu ifer storage that one or two wells of 500 to 600 gpm capaci ty mi ght be developed tn the Huckleberry Hf lt aquifer As indi shycated tn Table 51 the Huckleberry Hill aquifer ha s about the same surshy

bull f icial recharge area (08 sq mf as the Pudding Hi ll Barbadoes Pond and The Hoppers aquifers However the aqui f er has a long tapered shape and

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- i mpoundment on the Cocheco ~ t ver ~tch would prov i de adequate storage todevelop a yield of up t o 25 mgd sufftc1ent to enale sal e of water to

l ~ ochester andor othe r ccmnunities The report fu r t her suggested thatsuch an impoundment rni ght only be feasible 1f both Dover and Rochester ere si gnif icantly involved in the project one of t he requirements beingthat Rochester pipe the effluent fran its wastefatr fac111ty t o a po intdownst ream of the impoundment The report then suggested that shouldDover develop a surface middotater supply without ilochesters partict )atton

l it would be preferabl e to construct a lesser impoundment on the Isinglass

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River just upstream of its confluence middotbullith t he Jcheco ~ iv er s ue~ ldecision would remove frcm consideration the poorer qual tty water of theCocheco River caused in part tgty its acceptance of the treated was tewaterof Rochester

The estimates of stream flow yi eld for the 1973 report were developed withoutthe benefit of any flow records for the Cocheco or Isinglass rhersil instead ut111z1ng flow records for the Lamprey River in nearby Nchwlarbtbull to develop Cocheco River flow estimates The report recannended that

more adequate streamflow data should be obtained fo r any future supplymiddot ~ studies on either the Isinglass or Cocheco Rivers as well as an evamiddot1uat1on of the potential water supply needs of the adjacent CCIIIIIun1t1esThe report also suggested that use of the Isinglass Rher as a futuresurface water supply source could be planned so that SOllie of the fac111middotties necessary for conveying water to a new filtration plant could beuttltzed to convey water to The Hoppers to recharge the groundwaterI table (and pennit weater extraction rates from ITI)re Nells) tn the area

middot~ 613 bullReport on Groundwater Suppb lnvesttvat1ons at The Hoppersbull

During 1976 and 1977 CDM s retained by Dovers Board of llltarCaisstoners to Nke a ccprehens1ve fnvtsttgatfon of the groundwater I supply potential of The Hoppers Area The groundwater explorationprogr110 Included (I) IIOOP111slcal testing (Z) 11 dl-tar test 11Investigations and (3) an extended puop test Tho geophysical testingI 1~~~ ~~~~t~9~~~~ot~~~twrtmiddot~~middot~~ -=~tbull swere found to have low ptiIHb11 tty charactertsttcs Subsequent testI wells conflrd the existence of low poablltty stlts and clays alongthe Rochester Neck Road area Wltle an 8-tn dt ter test wll tnstalltdIn 97 ft of poablo sand and gravel deposits exhibited stable torlevels tn the observation wells during the ~U~P1ng test and further conshyI finned that only 11m1ted recharge to the aqutfer ts possible frCIII theCocheco River

Ibull Assuming the Hoppers Area aquifer to receive only natural rechargederived from prectpftatton and limited recharge fr~ Cocheco Rtver results tn an estimated safe yield of the aqutfer of about t1t mgd thtsts about equal to the production of the Caldervood well then tn operationmore than S years wtth the ater table having lltered some 5 to 10 feettn this period and eventually stabtlhtng The report concluded thatwhile the aqutfer recharge potential ts the ujor ltmfting factor of thei bull Hoppers Area arttftctal recharge by pUIIIptng frCJn nearby surface wter

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(ie obove elelation ~20 ~) eecuse the ~e~th to tgtedrock ~ S l rObab ly shallower in Barr i ngton than in Dover it is doubtful t hat more t han one or two municipal wells of the desired capac i~y could be constructea in The Hoppers deposits in Barrlngton Ft eld test i ng 111 be needed to establish the potential middot~11 sites

In Rochester there are no a11a f 1ab 1 e test e 11 data pr ovt ng deep water bear ing sands and gravel s and t he present Pi oneer Sand amp Gravel Pit Company operation and earl ier sand pits are all located aoove the water table The only subsurface explorat i ons that Dover has made tn Rochester (the 1977 seismic survey lines north of Section 6000 Nand the three test holes 76-1 76-2 and 76-3 along the s~tsmic l ines ) indicated t hat the soils north of t he Pi oneer sand ptts are unsuitable for we l l construcshyti on Poss ibly one or t iiiO municipal wells could be constructed in the sand ptt area in the southeastern corner of Rochester but thts simt lirly would have to be established by fteld testtng

72 3 Conclusions about the Location and Conf i guration of the Grounampate Recharge and Production System

The sustainable plllptng rate from The Hoppers aquifer frCIII natural rechage has been established as being -equal to the nctnal ~tng ClPIshyctty of the Coldood ll (10 mgd) Tilts judgment as to notural ytold 1s based on the long ttme required to stabf11ze the recession of the water table even 11der wtter than nonnal rainfa11 condfttons versus exshytended drought condftfons in -fch ter supply yields are usually proshy

vided or conffiNd

The foctors detenotntng the ytold ond loyout of recharge bostns and lls have been reviewed tn the present study with the followtng conclustons

(I) Potential Yteld A total depondoblo yteld f The Hoppers aquifer Of 40 llgd tncludfng both natural prectpitatton recharge and surface Wlter recharge appears attainable fr0111 a recharge and production systbull to be constructed fn the vtctnfty of the oxtsttng depressions ond tn the bedrock volley Tile out- potonttol ytold fro the two middotrocnorgo sources probobly could not uclld 60 ~~gd

(2) u~lwt~ l~=~rs~r~~ft~~~~~dt~an~ Calclead ll) SPiced at Intervals of 400 to 600 fHt northshyWird ond nortllwostorly f the Calde- ll plus allowances for bulltnt distances fr~ the recharge basins This lfne should Include the stto of the 1977 (8-tnch) test ll Tile proposed Ifne of we1ls shou1d in general be as far east as possible so that the we11 screens could be set at maxtnun depths hopefu11y tn deep water-bearing sands and gravels free of s11t or clay and (to the extent possible) that overlte the bedrock valley Because previous test Neils have shown that the so11 s in the deeper sect tons of the bedrock valley contain ftnes the Nell screens may have to be set at Mgher elevations than IIIOuld be optimal for the recharging operation

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3) Locati on of AltJd i t1ona l Jel1 s Based en pr ~middoti ou s t es t~ng (~ n particular te st well 76- 7 t he most Jranfs fng t est wel l at the nort herly end of t he s f ~e f )t nd ~ o ltate ~ ~ t snculd be o ss ~h t o deve l op t hree nore well sitas middot~it~ in ~~e Citi of Do ver betmiddotyeen t he CaldeNood well and the 1977 Smiddot incl ~est middot-~ell site fe r an ult i mate to t al of f i ve middotells f n Dover One or perhaps two wells might be constructed in Ba r r i n]ton S imil~ r l one J I middot-~o wel ls might be construtt d in Rochester The c onstruct ~ on of t he latte r wel l s mign t e s~bjac to he cons ent of the Cf y J f Rochester where Dover has obta i ned ri gnts t o devel op wat er from t he Isinglas s Ri ver but perhaps no t to construct wells

(4 ) Al i gnment and Locat i on of Rechar ge Bas ins The recharge basi ns should be located middotllil t S respect to the water table such t ha t both recharging of t he aqu i fer and de livery of wter to the producshytion wells can be done eff ici ently Because the slope (tebullbull hydraulic gradient) of the wter tabl e 1s generally eutward toward the r iver In the area of t he Cal derwood and future well sites the recha rge basins should be located either 1n li ne wi th the product i on ljlflls or uphill fr0111 then to t he west on a northshysouth altgllllent

Fortunately the exist i ng depressions are well situated for use as recharging bestns They should be acquired for thh purpose provided that they can be proven by full-scale tests to tnf fl ter river Wlttr at reasonable rates wtth only a slow rate of plugging (requtrtng bulltntenance only at ~arly intervals or less frequently) to middotbt expoeted Also their proxibullity to tho propositi wQductton 11s (whose al tgnt ts reasonably 11 ftxed by tho underground sftUJtion) 11111t polllit lllter extroction of acceptable finished lllter qualtty for deltvery tnto the distribution pi pol ines

(S) S acin R uirtd Bet-n the Production Wells and the Rtcha

at~~ wlrs ~~eoh~~actltit )~ Va-uc~ be-ei~ required for tho recharge proJect layout Us i ng tho existing depressions for rtcllarging (vous ucavating shybuins at greater dtshnces fiOII tho bull11s) wt11 porait substantial savings tn the cost of land acqutsttton and project construct i on and Ill) also be ldvantagtous hydraulically The

~i~~~PI~~~r~~~~middot~~~~~eb~~a~ram~i~th this should bt anticipated as port of an ongoing progrbull of testing and dtstgn as money ts ctn~ftted to the recharge systbullmiddot We recc~ended uttltzatton of the 400-foot spactng as a protecshyt ive safeguard fr0111 possible bacterial or other sources of conshytami nat ion tlich mtght ortgtnate f r om Wlters diverted frCIII tne Isinglass River For the purpose of thts report we have asslned that the 400-foot spacing wtll be declared adequate and we have worked out the preltmtnary proj ect arrangement for this studyaccord1ng1 y

7-6

I I _ I

I

(5) Chemical Treatment To avoid possible contamination of the aquifer and to assure substantial reduction of organic color and odor as well as the destnJct1on of bacteria and viruses the river water should be chemically treated with a disinfectant and oxidizing agent before discharge into the recharge basins It may also be found--aimable later on to provide chemical treatment after pumping water from the welts but the need for this cannotDeestabltshed 1n advance of actual operation on a trial basis The cht111cals that may be used and the treatment alternatives are discussed later 1n this chapter 1n Section 75

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73 ot~ ~t ~ al i alC of 7ha Hccoars oui far from ~la tural ~echarge

73 1 General

7he Jurpose of Sec ion 7 3 is to describe the factors tlfch detenn 1ne the yi eld of The Hoppers aquifer frcm precipitation recharge because t hese condit ions particul ar ly the minimum saturated thickness (ie t he mfnfshy-num middot~ater table elevat ion) above the well screens will still be operashytlve w1 t h the additi on of surface water recharge Groundwater recharging bullnakes an addftfonal hyd raulic use of t he aquife r rather than a substi shytute or alterna t e use Eve n t hough the 10 mgd prec ipitat ion yiera--nis arrady been shown by t he Cal derwood well operating history a review of certain hydrol ogi c concepts i s helpful to understanding how we ha ve est i shymated t he potential yield from surface water recharge

From previous tests and hydraulic analysis it has been clearly shown that The Hoppers deposits comprise (fn hydrologic tennfnology) a water table aquifer because the deposits over a large area are penneablifrtin tlii1round surface to well below the water table in contrast to an bullartesian aquifer (In an artes1an aquifer the pemeable deposits are ~ by an impervious son layer (eg clay or dense t111) extending horizontally over the pemeable saturated zone) The water table aquifer condit i on (good son penDeabil i ty ccJibined with a mild slope of the water table is lllhat 111kes possible both a relatively high rata of precipitation recharve and the potentfll lddftfon of surface water recharge Hfgh tranissivity (ie ponooable deposits with adeshyquate thickness) illY produce large yields fr011 the aquifer but they also requfre that the saturated zones of the deposits over a luge area be deep at all t1Mi

732 Factors Dtterafning Yield frw Natural Recharoe

The principal factors dotefning groundtar yield at The Hoppers fr011 natural recharge frc prec1p1tat1on inflow are

(I) The roinfall available for infiltration the noraoo vertical perw~ab1 lttx into the around and the s ze of thi surface

~ll thii t st nlrtrJra~~rmiddotr~rrmiddot (a tu_nt exceeding 24 inches) probably seeps into The Hoppers deposits os shown by the Celdenoood II pt~~~ping and drawdown rocords Test wll and soil clbullssfffcatton data 1ndfcate that the surshyficial soils are generally highly penoolble and that the precishypftatton recharge arebull 1s approximately three quarters of a square bullfle but scte recharge could originate frc outside of this area

(2) The available saturated thickness and water volume under~round t~at can be mob11f zed by fV1 ng The saturated penneab e diposhysfts of a wehr table aqu er ~n~st be sufficiently deep to meet the following thickness requirllllnts for well operation and sustained product i on of the desired yield

7middot8

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(a) Th l cltMss at ~he )ottom l f t le format i on eaual to the height oi the ootell screen typ ically 15 to 20 feet

(b) Thickness above t he screen eoual to the head reouired to

~et~~~end~~~~ ~~s~ ihet~~r~~if~~lr f~s~~~~i may add as much as 5 to 10 feet to the well drawdown beshytween well cleanings

(c) Oe tt1 e ual to the formation drawdown After pumping begins t he water t ab e dec ines ra a y around the well and at i ncreasing distances from the well This creates a cone of depression 1n the water table that expands

~~middot~Y~~~~1i1~~~~~~~~~et~~hni~~~l tge~~9ater table) equals the ~ping rate In highly penneablo deposhysits the fonnat1on drawdown ts s-~11 CCIIIpared to the saturated thickness and at The Hoppers the formation drawdown amounts to only about 5 feet

(e) In adition to the obovo it h desirable to intlin 5 fHt

sbullnbull tC 1nft tbullsnt i~itiap ist~ ~Kt1 screen rather than farther down w1th1n the screen to preshyvent drawing tn oir f tho -tered fotion oneS the possible - surging and covitation thlt ld result

Adding the vartous depths listed above for bull11s tn the 10 ll9d copacity range screened tn perwelblt gltctal Slnds tt ts destrlblt to have 40 to 50 fHt of saturoted depth in tho deposits bel tho 1-st elOyenotion range of the stotic bulltor table In the case of tho Cllctet bull11 this calls for a bullini (low) ur table elevation of 110 to 120 fHt (MSL)

1-9

To date the Calderwood middot~~~ell has not lowered the water table far enough t o induce river recharye Because of t he depth requ i reshyments described under (2) above it is doubtful that the Calderwood well could be pumped safely at the lower water table the static level at the well ) that would be required to induce recharge from the Cocheco River The water tab le would h~ve to be drawn down lgtelow the 100-foot elevation to induc e a signi f i shycant river inflow Also the test well logs and the lrevious pumping tests have indicated that the deposits in t he vicinity of Rochester tleck ~oad and t he Cocheco River are of 1ow pershymea bil ity Thus even if the normal hydraul ic 1J radi ent toward the river were reversed onl y a small rate of induced r iver inflow mi ght result in the order of 100000 gpd Because such extreme drawdown condit i ons would occur rarely tf ever lilt have excluded induced river recharge as a yield factor tn The Hoppersrechuge project

(4) Storage in the aquifer For t he reasons discussed above under (2) MOst Of the aquifer volume below the nomal water table is unavailable for storage of surface recharge Although a substantial volume is drawn from aquifer storage before tile lateral flow in the aquifer reaches the steady-state IQIJ11ibrium between the p111ping and recharge rates once the naturill recharge syste~~ stabtltzes the water table wtll reaa1 at a fairly constant level durtng years of noraal rainfall Because part of the aquifer storage ts drained Glring droughts (egbullbull the S to 10-foot depth noted 1n (2-d) above) and because the drought storage ccaponent is a significant factor tn sustaining yield frCAI natural recharge the storage val- needed or utt shy

~tf ~ier~a~~u~~ ~~~o~rh~~~~~lle condtttons

S) Aquifer hYdraulic coefficients Mlttteattcal foulas and graPhica1 bulltfiOds bistd on Idealized Aquifer conditions are used to detetne bull11 capacity water table drawdCMI and the existence of bullhydraulic boundariesbull cattd by 1~~perv1ous deposhysits adjacent to the active pelllable aquifebull These ulculashytions utilize known or est1aatld aquifer charactertsttcs lllttch include aquifer penneabtltty and the storage coefftctent (a diMnsionless ratio ilfitch Is a Nasure Of the aunt Of aquiferdrainage that occurs as the water table dec11nes) These matheshyNtical bullthods aho are used to estt111te the teal characshyter1st1cs of tht bullqu1fer (1n the v1c1n1ty of tht 11) fr fteld pw~ping tests production 1111111 records and water table

~~z~a~he~n~ ~~~~1~~~1 fiyT1~middot~middot~1Ji~1~e~fvbe Calaerwood well is about 200000 gpdft and it ts approxt1nately 100000 gpdft 1n the v1c1n1ty of the (1977) 8-1nch pp1ng test

~ ~e ~t~~~s~g~~~e0~of~~~ ~~l~e~~cxnwe~~~0i~~7 pJt ng test data varied between 0 1 and 02 and averaged 015 These values fall wtthtn the typtcal range of the storage coefficient of bullwater tablebull aquifers

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7 33 Conments on t he Es timate of Yi eld from Natural Recharge

The yield of The Hoppers aqutfer from natural (prec ipitat ion) recharge has been estimated from t he pumping and drawd own hi sto ry of he Calderwood welt before and after stabilization The safe yield fs estimiddot mated to be 10 mgd during years of average rainfall The yie ld may be 10 to 15 percent less ( say 0 85 mgd) during a drought of several years duration occurring on the average once in a 50middotyear period

Field testi ng and pumpi ng test evaluations have shown quite cl earl y t hat The Hoppers granular deposits and consequently t he we lls wft hfn them are effectivel y conf ined hydrolog tcally by low pemeabtltty soils on the nor-th east and south Also surff ctal soils classfffcatfons and the

~~~~~c~h~i ~~f~~tr~=nvnt~~ 1og r~btt~~1tn the vfc fn f ty of Tolend Road

The conclusion that the CaldeiWOod 11111 IIIJSt obtain its flow entirely fnMI precfpitatton recharge fn fflterfng tnto and stored wfthtn the 34

~~~~in~ ~as~fl~~~s~~=p~~~ frry f~~~~=~~y to function as a hydrologic untt Thfs ts apparently the case even though test 11 logs and sons doU show tht fonutton octually c prtsu n~rous lenses and pockets of son bullterfals of dtfferfng particle stzes and appearance SGM fairly un1fo and sce 111xtures ratMr thin conshytinuous strata af wtforM ca~posttton Because Tht Hoppers fonutton supports a rundwotor yttld fr glbullctbulll dtpostts (tn ttrws of yteld per Squirt bulltlt ch htghtr thin typtcolly oigtUtnod thtrt ts further ovtshydtnet thlt tht abulloragt Ptnotlblltttts both ftrttcally and horfzont11ly lrt gtntrlllygood (even though thty c1nnot bt tstfbullbullttd (tn tht lbstnct of ttst 11 dota) wtth any prtctston beyond Tho Hoppers artt alrttdyexplored

isrJ~al~ t~U ~a~h--ctpttat1on NettarQ should II

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74 Yield of t~e iooJeS ~auifer bullolt~ttn ts ~ la ss ~her ~~-=~a rle

741 FactJrs ~ elt~~i nin q middotr~eld frcm gti nclass ~iver ~ ecnarge

The pri nc i pa l facto rs ~e~~ir i ng ~r-ncmiddot1H - ji elCI Jt The Hopcers fr om artifici al (surfa ce wc~ter) rechc~rg e (us ing bullotat~r pumped frcm the Isinglass River) are

The surface Niter obta i nable by p~d diversion fs dependent on the watershed area tributary to the dfverston the runoff hydrograph under nonnal and drought conditions the usable storage in the d1version reservoir and t he punptng station and divers ion pipeline hydraulic capacities The aunt of water that potentially could be diverted frc the Isinglass A1ver even under drought condtttons exceeds by several ttmes the capacity of The Hoppers aquifer to store seasonal flows Therefore ttle raw wter fac111t1es should be sized according to the capacity of the groundwtter recharge and production systbull rather than on the bash of the bullf ntmu seasonal runoff

The vol~s of the recharge basins wtl t probably be the volumes already existing tn the depressions or pfts at The Hoppers or alternat1voly tht vol-s of - bas1ns thot o1ght bt excayen1ttd farther wst

Tht vert1ca1 po111tobn1ty of notural sons 1n s1tv 1s 11 1n cQiplr1son w1th the hor1zont11 po_obn1ty7 fiirot1o of hor1shy

o=~ ~d=middot~~~ r~t vr~ f~= ~~=o~afl=~ over -bn1ty of gronvhr son dtpos1ts con bt bull fro Z or 3 tfiiiS to as -ch u 100 t111H greater than the vertical pershyMabtltty At The Hoppers w btlteve that the ratto fs genenlly fn the lowr part of that range Blstd on aper1ence It grounchMter recharge installations in glacial SOflS tlsbhere we have adopted an 1nf11tration rate of 4 gpdsq ft (por foot of average recharge bas1n depth) We hive used de11shyberately conservative values for the purpose of thfs study Geontetr1c data on the exfsttng pits proposed to be used as recharge basins and esttmated dafly tnffltratton flow rates are 11sted 1n Table 75 1n Sect1on 76

_

7-12

3) The storase I Olune ava11Jb le in the aaui fe r t o mai ntain well ~reduction when recharfJ e f rom t he surface water source 1s 1m1n1shed or ln terruptea

The surface wate r recharge system w-1 11 obtai n its suppl y fr om the Isinglas s River One factor that has been cons idered is t he availabil ity of ~~~~at er fr om t he river during the mont hs of lowest streamf low 1n an extended drought conti nu ing over sebull1 era l sectears

~~ v~~= ~c~~e~x ~~=~~~~~~ i~ f~~~~ ~~~~ ~~6~ 1 66) est imat ed recurrence interval i n excess of 100 years in this region of New Engl and) ind icates t hat the low flow of t he ls inQlas s Ri ver wi ll not be a serious const ra i nt on t he yi eld of the recharge promiddot j ect Parti cul ar ly helpf ul is the fact that t ak i ng the wa t er within l 4 of a mile of t he Cocheco River confluence llllkes the questi on of lllli ntaining low river flows in the Is inglass for a few days i n an extrente drought rather un important

It is more ltkely that pnp1ng frcm underground storage could be

~~i~cti~~if~~ 1 ~r~nyl t= ~~~~ na~so~ft~e~P~n~~he The Hoppers should mitigate this situation Whtle very cold weather IDlY impede w1thdrewtng wtu at the river intake an interruption of the diverted river supply would likely be only a 111tter of a few days or bullets not of several bullnths In any event the total Dover wter systbull ctand would be lower than average tn the winter and therefore extreme cold weather should not present a problbull

Another condttton that NY require drawing later frc storage 1s the tnevttable pluggtng of the bastn sotls by stdtnts or orgeshynic substances in the r iver bullter The basins will requirepertodtc dratntng and drytng end cloantng etthor by -hentcel lllthods or by scouring the surface leyer frc the blsin side slopes lultdraultcally ustng bullttr jets Boceuse cleaning 1 lergesand pit NY take Hyenera 1 bullets as w 11 u bet ng a IAA1 sance job) t t wtll be destrlblo to provtde plenty of copectty

i~~~ ~c~gtJgt~~middot~~mr~~middot~~ middotnmiddotampr thotr ectual tnftltretton cepebtltttes

Underground (aquifer) stor1ge for reliable functioning of the rodllrge project ts cortetnly one of the relovent destgn feeshytors but i t is not Ptraunt aong all other considerations We expect that adequate aquifer storage can be provided 1n The Hoppers deposits by surchargi ng t he water t abl e with i n a lllOCierate elevation range

To detem1 ne the amount of wter t able surcharge needed we have

~m~rt~bft~tt a1~~r1~o~~ ~~rr~~=~n~J~) is1ng andor by ustng a total 30-foot range (fron 110 to 140) for the

h~~1~~~~i~nsAar~rs i1aP~ Jsbull ~~~at ion t 1cu1arly as to possibl e adverse effects on the sand pit operamiddot tions adjacent to the recharge proj ect The sand pits art

7-13

-middot- - ------shy

hese es imates Jf spec ~ f i c ~d eld in the var ious soil types result in an average soec1f ic yi eld for the fo nnation of 1 4~ Tllis corresponds closely with the average value of t he sorage coeff i cient (015) determi ned from the pumpi ng test in 1977 (The specif ic yield i s necessarily a lower value t han the theoretical average ~porosity of t he deposits because gramiddotlity drainage of the deposits wi 11 always be 1ess t han canpi ete on account of water ftlms adhering t o t he soil part ~ cles the time per iod of the drawdown and recharge cycle etc accounted fo r as Mspec1f tc retenttonM)

(3) Where the cr oss- secti ons extend westward into Barrington and Rochester (Where there has been no subsurface exploratory IIO rk we have relied on the us So11 Conservation Service SCS) mapping and c lassfftcatton of the surftctal sons and have assleed that the surficial so11 1111terfals extend down through the saturated zone to bedrock The SCS soils designations of The Hoppers ara and our interpretations of their penneabtl tty classtftcat tons are shown on Figure 74

(4) The US Geolo~tcal Survey (USGS) topographic map (the Dover West NH 7-l2 11tnute quadrangle sheet) shows several 11 perennial or tntennfttent strebulls on the est and north slopes of The Hoppen dopostts at IIIUCh htgher elevations then the kn

~~amr~e~~middot~~ ~t~ eaportrc~~~n~n~sh to the ~utfer within The Hoppers aru and w belfeve thlt the water tbullble extends horizontal-westward through the depostts rather than sloptng steeply upward to tntorsoct those 11 streambeds

Based on the above the vohbull of usable ~rground storage lilll esttbullated as sholm tn the following table

TABLE 7 I Est1bulltes of the Usable Storage Vol-bull tn The Hoppers Deposits for Groundwater Aocharg1 ng

Elevations Total Sotls Volshy Est tbullttd Usable fftt above tn tho 10-foot Storage tn the 10-footMean Sea Level Layer acre-ft laxer bull11 gal

110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871

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I I

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I CHAPTER IV - DOVER WATER SYSTEM AMO ADDITIONAl SUPPLY CAPACITY REQUIRED

41 General

The Dover water system is a stnglemiddotpressure system supplied entirely from groundwater sources A stmpl tfted schematic plan of the system show i ngI t he basic water supply elements is shown on Figure 41 As indicated on th11t plan there are presently five active wells (Cu11111ings Ireland Griff i n Hughes and Calderwood) of COIllarable su pply capac i ties ( 500 toI 600 gpm) wh i ch are connected radially to the central area served by the distribution system by feeder mains 8 to 16 inches in diameter The 40 mg Garris on Hill storage reservoir flow line elevation 305ft MSLbull)

I locat ed with i n a mile of the city center floats on the system mainshyta i ning system pressure and meets peak hourly demands and fire floljs i n excess of the fell delivery rates

I 42 Transmission and Distribution Mains

bull I Presently the wells feed the central systeal ffOID the north (CUIIIIIings

jell) south (Ireland Griffin and Hughes wells) and west Calderwood well) As indicated in later chapters of this report the radial pattern of supply will continue as at present and for the most part additional water sources will be located tn the general vtctnity of the Calderwood well about four miles west of downtown Dover Additional feeder utns to the central area of the city will be required as the future supplies~ are constructed nd these ptpel1nes are included in the factlities

descriptions and cost esttbullates for the projects considered tn this study Because the transmtsston utns tnto the city related to futuN water supply developnent would follow the saM routes as those proposed in the 1974 C[Jt report the s11111 progr11n of local l~rovnts to thebull lentral network of arteriAl mains should be followed as was recOllllllftded in 1974 Reference should be made to the previous report where the

bull ll di str i bution system and recont1llnded improvements to i t are described in

detail bull

43 Existing Well Supplies

The present well supplies are described tn thts section for the purpose of relat i ng them to the water system schematic plan and to estimate the f utu re water supply deficits that will require the plann i ng and construcshytion of additional water sources In Chapter V the present well capacishyti es are compared wi t h the long-term yields of the various groundwater aquifers in which they are cons t ruct ed and these ColfJartsons are used to evil l uate the possibili t y of developing additional su~o~ply from those aquifers

The five present acti ve well s have all been co~leted in the past 15 JElrs and replaced ear l ier surface water supply sources that had been c gtns ructed over many years s ince the late 1800s (Descriptions of the o~~Ji er 11u ni cipal ater wo rks are ghen on pages 2 and 3 of the 197 4 COM

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bull il

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( f1ntshed water)





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1980 41 03

1990 48 10

1995bull 53 15

2000 58 20

2010 74 36

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7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871












~o~ ~~nP= 1n~~s0~~~~f~~dde~0




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middott 1

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1990 48 10

1995bull 53 15

2000 58 20

2010 74 36

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5-6

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7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871


----

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( f1ntshed water)





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1990 48 10

1995bull 53 15

2000 58 20

2010 74 36

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bullbull

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7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871


middott 1

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1980 41 03

1990 48 10

1995bull 53 15

2000 58 20

2010 74 36

2020 90 5 2




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5-~

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5-5











5-6

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bullbull

IIII




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7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871


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reS TO TABLE 5 2















I

5-5











5-6

~ro c 0 0 Ul

bullbull

IIII




i







6-Z

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vided or conffiNd




7-5







7-6

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7-7

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7middot8

I

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1-9







69807middot10

gc 8 Ul

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8 Ul

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7-t1








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7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871


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middot~

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reS TO TABLE 5 2















I

5-5











5-6

~ro c 0 0 Ul

bullbull

IIII




i







6-Z

I

bull




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)

-





vided or conffiNd




7-5







7-6

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7-7

I


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7middot8

I

)









1-9







69807middot10

gc 8 Ul

I I

- I I








8 Ul

middot-)

7-t1








_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871


reS TO TABLE 5 2















I

5-5











5-6

~ro c 0 0 Ul

bullbull

IIII




i







6-Z

I

bull




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)

-





vided or conffiNd




7-5







7-6

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I

7-7

I


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7middot8

I

)









1-9







69807middot10

gc 8 Ul

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8 Ul

middot-)

7-t1








_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871












5-6

~ro c 0 0 Ul

bullbull

IIII




i







6-Z

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vided or conffiNd




7-5







7-6

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7-7

I


73 1 General








7middot8

I

)









1-9







69807middot10

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- I I








8 Ul

middot-)

7-t1








_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871


bullbull

IIII




i







6-Z

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)

-





vided or conffiNd




7-5







7-6

I I _ I

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I

7-7

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73 1 General








7middot8

I

)









1-9







69807middot10

gc 8 Ul

I I

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8 Ul

middot-)

7-t1








_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871


I

bull




-

)

-





vided or conffiNd




7-5







7-6

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7-7

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7middot8

I

)









1-9







69807middot10

gc 8 Ul

I I

- I I








8 Ul

middot-)

7-t1








_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871






vided or conffiNd




7-5







7-6

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I

7-7

I


73 1 General








7middot8

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1-9







69807middot10

gc 8 Ul

I I

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8 Ul

middot-)

7-t1








_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871








7-6

I I _ I

I


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7-7

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7middot8

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1-9







69807middot10

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I I

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8 Ul

middot-)

7-t1








_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871


I I _ I

I


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7-7

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7middot8

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1-9







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8 Ul

middot-)

7-t1








_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871



73 1 General








7middot8

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1-9







69807middot10

gc 8 Ul

I I

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8 Ul

middot-)

7-t1








_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871


I

)









1-9







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gc 8 Ul

I I

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8 Ul

middot-)

7-t1








_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871








69807middot10

gc 8 Ul

I I

- I I








8 Ul

middot-)

7-t1








_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871


I I

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8 Ul

middot-)

7-t1








_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871









_

7-12












7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871













7-13









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871









110-120 3450 210

120-130 3100 190

130-140 2900 lZQ_ Total 9450 570

7-15

barcode 558871


report to board of water commissioners on new … · the •ootors and other mec hanical,...

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