research and policy in development aim for the bulls eye how to maximise the impact of development...
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Research and Policy in Development
Aim for the bulls eyeHow to maximise the impact of development research
John YoungOverseas Development Institute, [email protected]
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Research and Policy in Development
Agriculture in Africa
“The whole life of policy is a chaos of purposes and accidents. It is not at all a matter of the rational implementation of the so-called decisions through selected strategies”
Clay & Schaffer (1984), Room for Manoeuvre: An Exploration of Public Policy in Agricultural and Rural Development, Heineman, London
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Research and Policy in Development
Chronic Poverty in Uganda
Kate Bird et al, Fracture Points in Social Policies for Chronic Poverty Reduction, ODI WP242, 2004 (http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp242.pdf)
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Research and Policy in Development
Health Policy in Tanzania
“The results of household disease surveys informed processes of health service reform which contributed to a 43 and 46 per cent reduction in infant mortality between 2000 and 2003 in two districts in rural Tanzania.”
TEHIP Project, Tanzania: www.idrc.ca/tehip
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Research and Policy in Development
An Analytical FrameworkThe political context – political and economic structures and processes, culture, institutional pressures, incremental vs radical change etc.
The evidence – credibility, the degree it challenges received wisdom, research approaches and methodology, simplicity of the message, how it is packaged etc
External Influences Socio-economic and cultural influences, donor policies etc
The links between policyand research communities – networks, relationships, power, competing discourses, trust, knowledge etc.
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Research and Policy in Development
DELIVERI - Indonesia• Decentralised Livestock Services
in Eastern Indonesia• 5 years (originally 10)• Public Service reform (in livestock sector)• Action-research + institutional development
+ policy reform• Surprisingly successful: “The DELIVERI programme has
developed some useful models of institutional change in the context of decentralisation, making a government service more responsive to the needs of local people”1
1 DFID Country Strategy Paper for Indonesia September 2000
For more information see: www.deliveri.org
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Research and Policy in Development
Political context• 1963 - 1995 centralised & bureaucratic
• Policy “maintained” by senior bureaucrats
• Services “delivered” by bureaucrats
• Services “received” by farmers
• Participation & decentralisation in Repelita VI
• Senior champion
• Long DFID involvement & successful pilot
• Gradual budget squeeze
• 1998 economic crisis → Political crisis
• Sudden decentralisation → huge demand for new policies and practice
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Research and Policy in Development
Evidence• Radical new idea (in Indonesia)• Specific concerns (legal / welfare /
corruption / quality / professional)• Preference for word-of-mouth or
sophisticated visual information • Baseline study to illustrate need +
evidence from elsewhere• Practical action-research + good M&E • > 20% “investment” in communication:
hands-on engagement, visits, leaflets, video, multimedia
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Research and Policy in Development
Links• Senior internal champion• Steering Committee• Farmers & Service staff working together• Informal networks through peers• The K20• Planning Bureau Department of
Agriculture• Rakontechnis• Other Programmes (P4K, SfDM)• The media
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Research and Policy in Development
Luck• Timing:
– REPELITA VI– Financial Crisis
• Misunderstandings– about implications– about “quality management”
• People and personalities– Donor– Dept of Livestock Services– Department of Agriculture
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Research and Policy in Development
Conclusions• Policy processes are complex.• It is possible to understand enough…• to make sensible choices.• There are many well-known strategies and tools.• It is neither rocket-science nor fine art.• But it needs a systematic approach…• and work “outside the research itself”…• and enough resources.
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Research and Policy in Development
Further Information / Resources• ODI Working Papers
• Bridging Research and Policy Book
• Meeting series Monograph
• Tools for Policy Impact
• RAPID Briefing Paper
• RAPID CDROM
• www.odi.org.uk/rapid