Resettlement Monitoring Report

Project Number: 33459 November 2008

PRC: Xi’an Urban Transport Development Report

Prepared by Xi’an Academy of Social Sciences

For Xi’an Third Ring Road Construction and Development Corp. Ltd.

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XI’ （（（（AN URBAN TRANSPORT THIRD RING ROAD SYSTEMTHIRD RING ROAD SYSTEMTHIRD RING ROAD SYSTEMTHIRD RING ROAD SYSTEM））））

R E S E T T L E M E N TR E S E T T L E M E N TR E S E T T L E M E N TR E S E T T L E M E N T

EXTERNAL MONITORING AND EXTERNAL MONITORING AND EXTERNAL MONITORING AND EXTERNAL MONITORING AND

EVALUATION REPORTEVALUATION REPORTEVALUATION REPORTEVALUATION REPORT

S u b m i t t e d t o :

AS I AN D E V E L O P M E N T B AN K

S u b m i t t e d b y :

X i ’ AN AC AD E M Y O F S O C I AL S C I E N C E S

N O V E M B E R 2008

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（（（（XI’AN URBAN TRANSPORT THIRD RING ROAD SYSTEM ））））

R E S E T T L E M E N T E X T E R N AL M O N I T O R I N G

AN D E V AL U A T I O N R E P O R T

Xi’an Academy of Social Sciences Nov. 2008

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CONTENTS

REVIEW 1

CHAPTER 1 PROGRESS OF PROJECT AND LAND EXPROPRIATION AND

HOUSING DEMOLITION AND RELOCATION 3

1. 1 Project Progress 3

1.2 The Progress of Land Expropriation and Housing Demolition 3

and Relocation 3

1.2.1 YANTA DISTRICT 4

1.2.2 BAQIAO DISTRICT 5

WEIYANG DISTRICT 5

CHAPTER PROJECT IMPACTⅡ 8

2.1 The Scope and the number of people affected by the project 8

2.2 Project impacts on agricultural population 9

2.2.1 Positive impacts of the third ring road project on surrounding villages and farmer households

involved in land expropriation and house removing 12

2.2.2 Negative impacts of land expropriation and house removing project on directly affected villages

and farmer households 13

2.3The program’s influence on Businesses and Enterprises 16

CHAPTER III POLICY AND REGULATION FRAMEWORK 19

3.1 The policy and regulation framework involved in the demolition of the third ring

road project 19

3.2 The resettlement principles and implementations provided for by “Xi’an

Government Issued Document [2004] Section 88” 20

3.3 The compensation method provided for by “Xi’an Government Issued Document

[2004] Section 88” 21

3.3.1 Land adjustment and measures used to substitute land compensation. 21

3.3.2 Cash compensation. 22

3.4 Buildings compensation standards and implementations provided for by “Xi’an

Government Issued Document [2004] Section 88” 22

CHAPTER Ⅳ THE COMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT OF LAND REQUISITION AND

HOUSES DEMOLISHED AND RELOCATED 24

4.1 The compensation conditions of the Land Requisition and Houses Demolished and

Relocated of the Third Ring Road Project 24

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4.2. The progress situations of resettlements and relocations 25

4.2.1 The resettlements progress situations of the peasant households demolished and relocated 25

4.2.2 The relocation and resettlement situations of the enterprises and institutions 33

CHAPTER Ⅴ THE DEVELOPMENT OF VILLAGERS’ ECONOMIC PRODUCTION

RESTORATION AND LIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT 39

5.1 The livelihood restoration of the villagers 39

5.1.1 the quality of the recocatees’ newly built houses more sounded than the previous one, the area,

bigger, and the living environment better 39

5.1.2 The relocatees in their new resettlements 41

5.2 The villager’s production restoration and development 42

5.2.1 House rental 42

5.2.2 The labor transference of the landless farmers 43

5.3 The unbalance of the restoration and development of production and livelihood of

the landless farmers and the relocatees 45

5.4. Problems in restoring and developing production and livelihood of the villagers 46

5.4.1 The overlong transition period of the recocatee 46

5.4.2 The ill-equipped primary facilities of the new villages 46

5.4.3 Two primary schools affected seriously 47

CHAPTER Ⅵ THE CIRCS THE EXPENSES AND PAYMENTS FOR THE LAND

EXPROPRIATION AND HOUSING DEMOLITION AND RESETTLEMENT 48

6.1 The Budget and Actual Use of Expenses in Land Expropriation and Housing

Demolition and Resettlement of Third Ring Road Project 48

6.2The Fund Process of Land Expropriation and Housing Demolition and Resettlement

of Third Ring Road Project 50

6.3 Comparison of Budget and Actual Expense of Housing Demolition and

Resettlement Project 51

CHAPTER VII APS’ INFORMED PARTICIPATION, COMPLAINT, PROTECTION OF WEAK

GROUPS AND SOCIAL SECURITY 52

7.1 Aps’ Informed Participation 52

7.2 Aps’ Complaint 52

7.3Protection of Weak Groups 54

7.4 Social Securities of Farmers Losing Land 54

CHAPTER VIII THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATION FOR THE

LAND EXPROPRIATION, DEMOLITION AND RESETTLEMENT 56

8.1 The organization of Project execution 56

8.2 The organization of Project implementation 56

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8.4 The treatment of the organization of Project implementation towards opinions and

appeals 59

8.5 The capability building of Project implementation organization 60

CHAPTER IX CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 62

9.1The basic evaluation of land expropriation, removal and resettlement of Xi’an Third

Ring Road system 62

9.1.1 Land expropriation, removal and resettlement are managed by law strictly 62

9.1.2 Human-Oriented and the Resettlement Work is Going on in Order 62

9.1.3 The Evaluation of Compensation Standard of Land Expropriation and Satisfaction 62

9.1.4 The Evaluation of the Removal and Resettlement along the Third Ring Road Area 63

9.2 The Existing Problems in the Land Expropriation, Removal and Resettlement. 64

9.2.1 Some peasants reflect that the compensation of the land expropriation is relatively low. 64

9.2.2 The Problem of Prolonging Transition Period 64

9.2.3 The Problems Occurred in the Process of Transferring the Homestead 65

9.2.4 Supporting Infrastructure of the New Villages is Weak 65

9.2.5 Further Strengthen the Comprehensive Treatment of the New Villages 65

9.2.6 The Existing Problems in the Land Expropriation and Dismantling Work 65

9.2.7 The long-term development problem on production and life of the land lost peasants 66

9.2.8 The existing problems on social security of land lost peasants and vulnerable group 67

9.3 The Suggestions to the Land Expropriation, Dismentlement and Resettlement 67

9.3.1 Pay attention to the lost land peasants and solve the peasants’ livelihood problems 67

9.3.2 The Reconstruction of Nandang Primary School Brooks no delay 68

9.3.3 Speed up Resolving the Social Security Problems of Lost land Peasants 68

APPENDIX 7:PICTURES OF THE NEWLY-BUILT VILLAGES DISMANTLED AND

RESETTLED(21 PIECES) 70

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REVIEW Xi’an Urban Transportation Project (Third Ring Road system), as one of the

important network of the transportation projects, was launched by Xi’an municipal government in January, 2004. The main part of the ring road is designed to be with the total length of 66.19km, the side roads with a length of 69.663Km, and the connecting roads with a length of 14.868km respectively located between the Second Ring road and the Third Ring Road. The project of the 3rd ring road consists of the West, the

North，the East and the South Third Ring Roads. (Both of the East Third Ring Road

and the West Third Ring Road are newly-built lines designed to reach the speed of 80Km/h, with a two-way-oriented 8 lane traffic system; the South Third Ring Road and the North Third Ring Road has been trimmed to form the Side road networks, with a width of 20m and a two-way-oriented 6 lane traffic system at the speed of 120km/h. The three connecting lines are Zhuhong Road link, the North Extension road line of the East Second Ring Road and the East Extension road line of the North Second Ring Road system).

The whole road line system has been designed to be accomplished with 10 newly-built two-way traffic crossroads, 16 separation-type cloverleaf junctions, 3 cross-river flyovers, 3 culverts crossing under a railway, 46 programmed pedestrian bridges, the water supply systems, rain-water and sewage drainage systems, and electric power, telecom, natural gas pipe lines, road line illumination systems, traffic signs, as well as the virescence conservation systems.

Xi’an Academy of Social Sciences, as the unofficial supervisor and evaluator of the Third -Ring Road project, entrusted by ADB (Asian Development Bank) and the commission of Xi’an Third Ring Road Company, has made a comprehensive survey of such things as the compensation concerned and livelihood conditions and the production restoration of villages, households, enterprises and institutions and business households involved under the effect of the land expropriation, house-dismantlement and population resettlement. The contents of the survey included are as follows: the progress of the land expropriation, house-dismantlement and population resettlement, the affected scope and the number of the population, compensation performances, aftercare progress, the livelihood comeback condition and production restoration, the public participators in appealing and complaining, social security for landless farmers, organizations in charge of the demolition.

With the duration in May, 2005, April, 2006 and February 2007 respectively the comprehensive unofficial inspects and assessments have been launched thrice with the report, relevant data and appendix engendered. On the basis of the previous two scans, we started the forth in 8-9, 2008. The objects this time included are: 20 street scene offices, 119 villages, 51 businesses and industrial enterprises, and 1761 civilian-run industries and individual business households along the three-ring road line involved in the land expropriation, house-dismantlement and population resettlement in the three districts of Weiyang, Baqiao and Yanta.

The method of survey: The method taken is by the combination of quantity and qualitative analysis. Quantity survey aims at the questionnaires from the affected

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households moved in, the questionnaires for the villages, enterprises and businesses concerned in Weiyang, Baqiao and Yanta with a range of 10 street scene offices, 20 seriously affected villages and 200 households. Through the door-in and door-out investigation by filling in questionnaires, the relevant data to the local conditions have been accumulated; the key conditions of the involved village are written by the member of the village committee, while that of the businesses and industrial enterprises by the investigators who have made a deep research. Qualitative analysis designed to include the accessing syllabus in question with the all-level interviews of the persons (60 in all) responsible for the Sanhuan Road Line system such as: the general managers of the Third Ring Road Project, the directors of every branch, members of the affected street scene offices and the offices in charge of the dismantlement, 20 members of the heavily affected village committees, mangers of enterprises, and heads of institutions over the progress material collection of the Sanhuan Road line construction in order to get a general view of the concrete performances of the project. The quantitative survey has been designed to involve the questionnaires conducted by the investigators in a door to door way to interview the 200 households in the heavily affected villages to acquaint themselves with the actual situations of the livelihood after the production restoration.

The way of survey: Over 30 of the researchers of Xi’an Academy of social sciences have participated in this survey. 5 groups have been established, each with 6 investigators (3 groups in Weiyang district, 1 group in Yanta district and 1 group in Baqiao district).

Time of survey: With duration of 45 days From August 28 th, 2008 to Dec 8th, 2008.

Main contents of this survey: From Jan, 2007 to December, 2007, 1) newly-gained progress of the Third Ring Road project and land expropriation; 2) the arrangement the newly added affected village, enterprises, institutions, number of people and their location; 3) the resettlement progress of the previously resettled households and relocation and compensation of newly added villages, enterprises and institutions; 4) the restoration conditions of the livelihood of the resettled villages, farm households, enterprises and institutions; 5) the conditions of the public participation appeals and complaints, and the social security for land loss farmers.

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I. CHAPTER 1 PROGRESS OF PROJECT AND LAND EXPROPRIA TION AND

II. HOUSING DEMOLITION AND RELOCATION

A. 1. 1 Project Progress

The land expropriation and housing demolition and relocation work of the Third Ring Road Project started on January 6th, 2004. By the end of the year 2004, the construction project had been launched with its ceremony. The construction of the north extended road of Zhuhong Road was completed in September 2005 and was the first road opened to traffic. The construction of the main road of the West Third Ring Road and the East Third Ring Road had been completed on May30th, 2006 and December30th, 2006 respectively. When this investigation was made, the housing demolition and relocation work of several villages had not been finished yet, nor had the side roads of the North Third Ring Road and the South Third Ring Road, because the land expropriation and housing demolition and relocation work of the North Third Ring Road and the South Third Ring Road started later. However, the main roads have already been taken over by the construction units and are under construction. All the sections of the Third Ring Road will be joined up by late February, 2008.

B. 1.2 The Progress of Land Expropriation and Housing Demolition and

Relocation

Land expropriation and housing demolition and relocation work has been carried out successfully so as to ensure the smooth construction of the Third Ring Road project. So far, the concrete progress status of this work is illustrated in diagram 1-1 below:

Diagram 1-1: the progress of land expropriation and housing demolition and relocation of the Third Ring Road project in December 2007

Administrative district

Sub-district office

Number of Land expropriation(mu)

Land expropriation and housing demolition and relocation progress

Land expropriation completion (%)

Housing demolition and relocation completion (%)

Yanta district

Qujiang Changyanbu Dianzicheng Zhangba Yuhua zhai

223.6 260.8 137 461.8 805.7

100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

％100 ％57

100% 100%

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Subtotal 5 1981.03

Weiyang District

Sanqiao Liucun bu Hancheng Tanjia Xujiawan Xinjiamiao Daminggong Caotan Zhangjiabu

1424 512.85 1230.67 568 398.1 430 —— 136.94 ——

100% 100% 100% 100% 97% 100% ——

％100 ——

100% ％100

100% 100%

％95 100% ——

％100 ——

Subtotal 9 6490.14

Baqiao district

Baqiao Xiwang Hongqi Xinzhu

623 2147 1100 424

100% 100% 100% 100%

100% 100% 100% 100%

Subtotal 4 5024.76

Total Eighteen sub-district offices

13495.93mu

1.2.1 Yanta District

Not until December 2007, was the total land of 1981.03 mu for Third Ring Road

project expropriated from five sub-district offices in Yanta District, 80mu more than

that when surveyed in Dec.2006(due to the increase of the nip-corner area), of which

182 peasant households are demolished and relocated. Among them, the land expropriation and housing demolition and relocation work of the West Third Ring Road project was finished smoothly on due time, including two sub-district offices (Yuhuazhai sub-district office and Zhangba sub-district office) and eight villages (Beishiqiao, Dongchao, Yingfazhai, Hejiazhai, Laoyanzhuang, Zhanghu, Leijiazhai, Caolicun) in Yanta district; and the main road of West Third Ring Road has been built and opened to traffic on June 18th, 2006. The junction road of South-West Third Ring Road was built and the relocation work of it is on the end, which involves one sub-strict office (Zhangba sub-strict office) and two villages (Caoli village, Dongtan village). Land expropriation work of South Third Ring Road concerning the three sub-strict offices of Dianzicheng, Changyanbu and Qujiang has been finished, and the corresponding work of housing demolition and relocation and compensation has been completed roughly as well. 112 peasant households of East Sanbo village have been demolished and temporarily relocated totally, and just in the transition period. The reallocation of homestead will be carried out at the next early spring for them to build new houses. At present, the expropriated land has been taken over by construction unit and the road is under construction.

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1.2.2 Baqiao District

Until December 2007, the 5024.76mu (730.76 mu more than before owing to the

increase of nip-corner area and supplementary path) land of Third Ring Road project was expropriated from four substrict offices in Baqiao district, where the houses of 1309 peasant households are demolished and relocated. The work of land expropriation and housing demolition and relocation has been finished on due time and 39.5% relocated households have moved into new houses. The construction project of new village finished roughly and the normal life of relocated households has been properly arranged and provided with the power and water supply and smooth roads. Now, there are still about 740 relocated households (accounting to 60.5% of whole Baqiao district relocation households) of the three villages (Mujiangwang village governed by Hongqi substrict office, Huangdengcun village by Baqiao substrict office and Liangjiacun village by Xiwang substrict office) are living in outside-rented houses.

The specific reasons of this phenomenon are as follows：

In Mujiangwang village, the collective relocation method and the relocation work of relocation households and the work of reconstructing city village have been taken and implemented at the same time. Owing to the large number of relocation households and relevant tasks, before this survey was made, the main project of the newly-relocated buildings have just been constructed , which are predicted to be allotted to relocated households in January 2009.

For the sake of another project, Huangdengcun village has been arranged for a second relocation, with the expropriation land for this project chosen and allotted later. Until we took survey in it, the related homestead has been allotted to peasant households who waiting to build new houses after the spring festival and move to

them in autumn 2008.。

Liangjiajie village has got the largest relocation households (about 700 households) among the related villages of the Third Ring Road project, with nearly the entire 465 households to be moved and relocated as well as the 230 collectively relocated-households. Because the proposed relocation and compensation plan was not supposed to be accepted by the relocated households, the demolition and relocation work of this village had to be postponed. Before the survey was started, all the related farmers were still living in the outside rented houses to pass the transition period, about 20% of whom set about building the new houses.

Weiyang District

The Third Ring Road project involved nine subdistrict offices in Weiyang district, by December 2007, with 5327.4mu land expropriated (add 629mu land to the total 4698mu land in last survey because of the change of North Third Ring Road construction plan so that more land needs be expropriated to the nip-corner land between two connective roads, side road and so on) and 1234 peasant households (with an addition of 18 households to the whole in last survey) had to be demolished

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and relocated. Among them, the reallocation of homestead in Sanqiao subdistrict office was in trouble because of the large number of relocation households and some difficult problems left over up for grabs in this village. Now, by the mediation these problems remained have been settled and the related homestead has been allotted to the peasant households who are to build their new houses and some have completed the construction, but the complementary water and power supply and smooth roads of the newly-reconstructed villages have not been satisfied. The newly reconstructed villages are predicted to be available after the summer of 2008.

The relocation households of Tuanjiecun village and Hutuozhaicun village under the jurisdiction of Tanjia subdistrict office have moved into their new houses with complete facilities supported and their normal life resumed. The relocation households of Xinjiamiao village governed by Xinjiamiao subdistrict office have also moved into new houses and the normal life resumed. Because of the large number of relocation households and the demolition and relocation work had bee started late, before the survey was launched, the related homestead had been allotted to the peasant households living in the outside-rented houses to pass the transition period and waiting to build new houses after the spring festival. The relocation households by Xujiawan subdistrict office have built their new houses roughly and are also living in the outside rented houses to pass the transition.

The land expropriation and housing demolition and relocation work of the extended Zhuhong road by Hancheng subdistrict office started the project the earliest, before our investigation inserted in, all the relocation households have been moved into their new houses and their normal life resumed. The relocation households by Liucunpu subdistrict office and Caotan subdistrict office have got their newly built houses and some households have been moved in. With the incomplete facilities provided, the relocation households of some villages would move in their newly built houses late in the next year.

Third Ring Road project also got some businesses and enterprises involved: some of them have got themselves reconstructed in other place and restored their production and business, Take an illustration of Nanshencun Xiongdi Building Materials Factory of Dianzicheng subdistrict office, Huiyuan Dairy Products Factory of Yuhuajie subdistrict office, Xi’an Banpo Building Materials Market, Sanqiao Silu

Comprehensive Service Company and so on；some of them need just compensation

fund for some sections but will not be entirely be relocated or reconstructed, for example, the Second People’s Hospital of Weiyang district of Sanqiao subdistrict office, Haihong Bearing Factory Hospital of Hancheng subdistrit office; some of them have to switch to the production of other products or ceased their existing production for the time being in line with the related policy, such as Yangcheng Paper Making Factory of Hancheng subdistrict office, because their production scale and environmental protection measures didn’t meet the related standards, was disapproved by the government to rebuild in other place. The slow progress of relocation mainly pies in the education institutions, especially the schools, such as Dongsanyao Primary School in Yanta district, most of the sports field and teachers’

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residence buildings have been dismantled. The Sanhuan Company should have to rebuild a new school in other place but the land for the reconstruction has not been expropriated in time, so the school is still standing there. Furthermore, before this survey, Nandang Primary School in Weiyang district has not been demolished and relocated; and Xinfang Primary School has been put in operation in the rented houses in other place to pass the transition and the reconstruction land has been chosen when this survey is made.

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III. CHAPTER PROJECT IMⅡⅡⅡⅡ PACT

A. 2.1 The Scope and the number of people affected by the project

Land expropriation and housing removal for the total line of the third ring road have got 3 districts (Weiyiang district, Yanta district and Baqiao district) and 16 subdistrict offices involved. Land expropriated for the total line of the third ring road project has amounted to 13495.93mu by December, 2007 increasing by 1602.9mu compared with that in the survey of December, 2006, of which there are 1981.03 mu in Yanta district, 5024.76mu in Baqiao district and 6490.4mu in Weiyiang district. There are 119 villages affected by land expropriation and housing removal directly, of which 80 villages are affected by land expropriation, 39 villages are affected by both land expropriation and housing removal. There are 2856 farmer households removed, increasing by 18 households compared with that in the survey of December of 2006 and 169 resident households removed, leading to the number of directly affected farmers approximately reaching 35,000. There are 1810 enterprises and institutions affected by land expropriation and housing removal, of which there are 51 state-owned enterprises, 1761 private enterprises, causing 30,000 persons are directly

，affected. Compared with the survey of last time (December, 2006) the survey of this time shows that the amount of expropriated land, the number of affected villages, farmer household and enterprises as well as the number of directly affected person has increased to some extent. The details can be seen in the following table.

Table 2-1: List of numbers of affected village, household, enterprise and directly

affected person for the third ring road project in December, 2007.

Administrative districts

Area of land expropriation

(mu)

affected village

Villages affected

by removal

Farmer households affected by

removal

Resident households affected by

removal

State-owned

Enterprises affected by

removal

Affected institutions

Affected private

enterprise

Weiyiang district

5327.4（increase by 629 mu）

64 17 1234

（increase by 18）

16 5 515

Yanta district 1902 31 5 182 4 2 114

Baqiao district 4294 24 12 1309 169 29 2 1132

Total 11523.6 119 39 2856 169 49 9 1761

Directly affected persons

Village population：35,000 persons 500persons Affected students, businessmen and workers: 30,000 persons

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B. 2.2 Project impacts on agricultural population

The survey shows that the total number of affected village increases by 1 compared with that in the third survey in December of 2006, hitting 119 villages at present. The details can be seen in the below table. Table 2-2: List of affected villages for the third ring road program in December, 2007

District Street office and its location

Administrative village and affected impact

Land expropriation Land expropriation

and house removing

Yanta

district

Yuhuazhai

(South of West Third Ring Road)

Beishiqiao village

Yingfazhai village

Hejiazhai village

Laoyanzhuang village

Zhanghuzhai village

Leijiazhai village

Dongchao village

Zhangba

(The southernmost of West Third Ring

Road )

Dongtan village

Xitan village Caoli village

Dianzicheng

(The westernmost of South Third Ring

Road)

Beishijia village

Qiwang village

Ducheng village

Shuangqiaotou village

Nanshenjia village

Changyanbu

(The middle of South Third Ring Road)

Nanjiang village

Xijiang village

Dongjiang village

Nanzhaizi village

Beizhaizi village

Nanyao village

Xisanyaobao village

Dongsanyao village

Qujiang

(East-orientated of South Third Ring Road)

Chunlin village

Jinhutuo village

Yangtouzhen village

Liaojiazhai village

Huangqutou village

Xinkaimen village

Dengjiapo

(The easternmost of South Third Ring

Road)

Matengkong village

Yuedengge village

subtotal 6 street offices 27 land acquisition villages 6 demolition villages

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Wei

yang

district

Tanjia

( North extension of East Second Ring

Road)

Zhao village

Dongfanghong village

Huotuozhai village

Tuanjie village

Xinjiamiao

(East extension of North Second Ring

Road)

Xinjiamiao village

Xinfang village

Daminggong

(The southernmost of North extension of

East Second Ring Road)

Yangjiazhuang village

Wei

yang

district

Xujiawan

(East of North Third Ring Road and the

northernmost of North extension of East

Second Ring Road)

Hezhixi village

Xinguang village

Hongguang village

Yuange village

Beicheng village

Sanqiao

(The middle of West Third Ring Road)

Xi’aoli village

Lingao village

A’fanggong village

Shijia village

Zhangwan village

Yanghe village

Nanhe village

Cheliu village

Hejia village

Sanqiao village

Wuyi village

Dong’aoli village

Weiyanggong Dongjia village

Zhouhewan village

Zhangjiabu

(The middle of North Third Ring Road) Hongsi village

Caotan

(The middle of North Third Ring Road)

Lijiajie village

Laowatan village

Lvxiaozhai village

Zhengjiasi village

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Liucunbu

(The northernmost of the West Third Ring

Road and the westernmost of the North

Third Ring Road)

Yanjia village

Baxingtan village

Liucunbu village

Tangjia village

Xi’angjiaXi’ang village

Xi’angxiaobu village

Guanmiao village

Shidaokou village

Xixi village

Beizaohe village

Nanzaohe village

Jiaojia village

Zhongying village

Hancheng

(North of Zhuhong Road and west-

orientated of North Third Ring Road)

Zhangdaokou village

Xiwang village

Gaobei village

Gaonan village

Huixi village

Huidong village

Xichangdiao village

Dongchangdiao village

Beiyufeng village

Qingxi village

Pangma village

Sanguanmiao village

Jia village

Dianzi village

Guojia village

Zhuhongbu village

Qingdong village

Beidang village

Nandang village★

Dianzi village★

Majiashizi village

subtotal 10 street offices 44 land acquisition villages 20 demolition villages

Ba

qiao

district

Baqiao

(North of the East Third Ring Road) Xi’anghuwan village

Wuxi village

Huangdeng village

Xiwang

(The middle of East Third Ring Road)

Yongfeng village

Yanjiatan village

Beiniusi village

Baozi village

LiuXi’ang village

Guoqu village

Andi village

Nanniusi village

Guanting village

Liangjiajie village

Hongqi

(South of East Third Ring Road)

Mujiangwang village

Wanzi village

Sandian village

Wuxing village

12

Xinzhu

(Easternmost of the North Third Ring

Road)

Lanjia village

Luxi village

Xingyuan village

Xinsi village

subtotal 4 street offices 9 land acquisition villages 15demolition villages

Total 20 affected street offices

117 affected villages 80 land acquisition villages 39 demolition village

Notes: ★ in the table refers to villages which needn’t to be removed in this survey.

1. 2.2.1 Positive impacts of the third ring road pr oject on surrounding villages and farmer households involved in land exp ropriation and house removing

The survey finds that the negative impacts on the masses around caused by the third ring road construction are being eliminated gradually and the predicated impacts of the third ring road on directly affected population have begun to turn into reality little by little, moreover, the impact of long-term and imbalance caused by the project has displayed. The positive impacts are shown mainly in the following aspects:

1) The implementation of the third ring road project will ease traffic pressure in Xi'an city, speed up the process of urbanization of the surrounding rural areas, improve road traffic environment of the surrounding rural areas and provide convenient conditions for trip of the masses around.

By the end of 2007, the main roads of the total line of the third ring road have been through and most assistant roads have been completed on the whole (only a small number of sections are being laid asphalt on the surface).At present, road cleaning and greening are under way. With the third ring road construction near the end, what will demonstrate in front of people is refreshing, clean and beautiful road facility and villagers living around the third ring road involuntarily speed up their paces towards urbanization and modernization. The accomplishment of the third ring road will greatly contribute to the urbanization process of the surrounding villages of Xi’an City. A villager in Guoqu village of Baqiao District said, “The road is through, just passing by my home, so it is more convenient for us to go to the city.”

2) The negative impacts on the surrounding areas caused by the third ring road construction are being eliminated gradually. Such problems as dust, noise, trip inconvenience which are resulted from the third ring road construction and heat reflected by the masses in the survey of last time have been eliminated basically in this survey.

3) The living environment of relocation households affected by land expropriation and house removing has been improved greatly. In the survey, we learn that farmer households involved in the land expropriation and house removing for the third ring road as well as public facility construction for resettlement new villages generally have gained due compensation and restitution timely according to policy criterion. Most of relocation households build houses which are more reasonable in structure and larger in area than the previous ones by expropriation payment and removal compensation

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payment. The new resettlement villages which have been built and checked in are orderly planned and such infrastructures as road, water, electricity, leisure and health square, entertainment grounds have been in place on the whole. Besides, the environment of new villages is beautiful and the living environment of farmers is bright, spacious and comfortable, which is generally better than the previous one.

4) The third ring road project has promoted the process of the affected farmer households’ transforming towards non-agricultural areas so that their income sources will be of diversification. Urbanization is an inevitable process that economic and social development in China will confront with in the coming period. And it is an effective way by which cities drive the development of rural areas, the income of farmers can be improved and farmers’ living environment can be improved. The expansion of Xi'an city will affect farmers in the surrounding areas first, drive them into the course of urbanization, change their ways of living and production completely and help them integrate into city life. The third ring road construction will provide convenient conditions for the surrounding rural population to step into the course of urbanization such as increased business opportunities, wide horizons and smooth information, increased value of land and house tenancy, so compared with the pure mode of agricultural production, the choice of diversification of production ways will be beneficial to the increase of farmers’ income better. The phenomenon has just got an inking of the matter currently, and take relocation households in Xinjiamiao village of Weiyiang district for example, duo to good location of resettlement sites, the newly-built house covers an area of 300 m2 to 700 m2 and the first floor is usually rented for business and monthly rent of each house is about 1700RMB, increasing largely compared with the previous. A villager said, “Only by renting houses, 50,000 to 70’000 RMB can be gained in a year, more than that of before.” The rent income of the relocated households in Majiashizi village, Zhuhongbao village, Nanshenjia village ect, of Hancheng subdistrict Office of Weiyang district has also been improved to a larger extent compared with that of before. In addition, among the people directly affected by the land expropriation and housing removal, the proportion of those who engaged in business, transportation, contract work and working outsides has risen to some degree compared with that of before land expropriation and house removing. Generally speaking, income acquired by the above means should be higher than that acquired by traditional agriculture planting.

2. 2.2.2 Negative impacts of land expropriation and house removing project on directly affected villages and farmer ho useholds

Meanwhile, we find in this survey that the impact of the third ring road project on surrounding villages, relocation households and different groups takes on great balance, namely, unfavorable impact on relocation households of allopatry settlement is larger than on relocation households of in-situ settlement, settlement households in the building fixedly than that in homestead, settlement households in the distant areas than that in prosperous urban sections, the old, women and older male labor force losing their land than other groups.

1) Land expropriation and house removing for the third ring road makes some farmers lose the last layer of survival protection and they are full of worry about their

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future lives. Under the condition that rural social security system has yet been established, the land is the last line of guarantee for farmers’ lives. If there are a few acres of arable land, basic life can be guaranteed, otherwise, the loss of land is equivalent to the loss of security, the basic source of life. The third ring road provides farmers with expropriation compensation criteria, that is, 30,000 RMB per mu, as well as the expenses of about 50,000 to 60,000 Yuan for the redeeming, the ground attachment and the positing payments, which can’t compensate the profits brought from land long-term production and value-added. This situation exerts greatly unfavorable impact on villages losing more lands. For example, some villages lose hundred acres of land, accounting for the half of the whole village land, and even more, therefore, the benefits of land value-added brought from the third ring road project are of no profit to them at all and they are forced to sacrifice their own benefits for Xi’an city municipal building and couldn’t get due compensation as well as reasonable system arrangement. If social security policy for farmers losing their land didn’t follow up in time, low land compensation criteria of current municipal building would exert unfavorable impact on directly affected people's long-term lives and might make some people fall low into urban poor people or extremely poor people.

2) Road construction and removing and resettlement bring unfavorable impact on the income of affected farmers in a short time. According to this survey, it is learned that rental income of newly-built houses is affected in some villages for the third ring road hasn’t been through. For instance, relocation households in the villages such as Hutuozhai village, Tuanjie village, Majiashizi village in Weiyiang District have moved to new residence with infrastructure in place and resettlement finished smoothly, but it is learned that rental income of newly-built housing is affected in some village for the third ring road hasn’t been through according to this survey. Villagers’ income in some villages which are on the way of building housing and resettling are forced to interrupt and new growth point for them hasn’t been established, resulting in the decline of their short-term income. For example, relocation households in Dongsanyao village in Yanta district, Sanqiaocun village and Dongwali village in Weiyang district, Liangjiajie village in Baqiao district are in the process of building new housing, so their incomes are affected to varying degree. The income source of collective economy of some villages is affected because of land expropriation and house removing for the third ring road. For example, for previously collective land for rent is expropriated for the third ring road project, villagers’ annual interest dividend decreases and their income declines. Some relocation households of allopatry resettlement who are arranged in the remote areas have changed their previous living environment, living ways and income source completely and been brought about unfavorable impacts. For example, there are the most relocation households (about 700households) for land expropriation of the third ring road in Liangjiajie village of Baqiao district, and almost entire households in the village are relocated and resettled either in allopatry (465 households) or in building fixedly (230 households).Relocation households of the whole village are forced to be resettled dispersedly in 2 resettlement sites, originally situated by Qinghua-road, which usually are in remote areas far away from the city with less evaluative potential, in the long run, with a promising future, though. So their

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living environment as well as the mode of production is obliged to change and they often don’t adapt to that and show great resentments. We think all these impacts will be improved gradually with the passage of the third ring road, the promotion of new village construction as well as the development of growth point of new economy.

3) The unfavorable impact of land expropriation and house removing on older male labor force, female and the old group is more obvious. This survey shows: owing to land loss, the production structure of economy of affected villages and farmer households has changed greatly and the industry of planting and culture has shrunk remarkably and the proportion of working, business, house tenancy has risen, especially the increase strengthen of working being strongest. Most land loss farmers regard working outside as a stay point for their later life, but they also face the predicament that it is difficult to hunt for a job. Because of most land loss farmers with a low educational level, mainly living on planting and lack of necessary skills, when they work outside, they usually engage in careers and type of work of low skill and low level, with a relatively low income. In particular, it is more difficult for some older land loss farmers to find jobs and they mainly do odd jobs with a very unstable income. Villagers during an interview of entering households said, “It is hard for older people to find job and if you haven’t relationship, you couldn’t make money.” Besides, older land loss farmers are under duel pressures that they have to maintain to their parents and to support their children respectively, so their living situation is harder and psychological pressure is bigger; the proportion of land loss female farmers who are idle at home is higher than that of male farmers. Land loss female farmers, as vulnerable group, are more vulnerable and it is very hard for them to find proper jobs in the labor force market and most of them can only stay idle at home, depending on living source provided by their husbands or children, so both their family status and social status decline. The aged people of Land loss generally rely on their children’s support, once some of their children couldn’t make money and support their parents; The aged will face the absence of effective life support.

4) In microcosmic aspect, the third ring road project brings about specific impacts on some areas. These impacts are individual phenomenon, of no universality. These impacts are shown in lack of infrastructure of resettlement new village. The details are as follows:

Previous water supply system was damaged for the third ring road construction in ①

Majiashizi village in Hancheng subdistrict office of Weiyiang District, so villagers dig another well by the compensation payment of Third Ring company. The new well with poorer water quality and stink odor isn’t suitable for drinking, leading to more inconvenience for villager’s life and loss of some renters as well as affecting villagers’ income source.

For the ② sub grade of the third ring road was padded, the previous sewage discharge system of Yanjia village in Liucunbao subdistrict office of Weiyiang district was damaged, so sewage in the village can’t be drained, affecting villagers’ life.

The public construction cost of new village construction of Hutuozhai village of ③

Tanjia subdistrict office in Weiyiang district are in arrears all the time and not in place timely, affecting the process of new village construction.

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Relocation households of Liangjiajie village in Baqiao district are still in ④

transition period, but transition fee has been stopped, bringing about unfavorable impact on relocation households.

Third Ring company once promised to build 2 overpasses in Xinfang village in ⑤

Xinjiamiao subdistrict office of Weiyiang District, making it convenient for students passage. Now, the road has been completed, however, the overpasses haven’t broken ground yet. Owe to the high vehicle flow in this area, it is very convenient for students to go to school and go home. In order to avoid traffic accidents, village cadres help students go to school and go home safely in the intersection every day.

C. 2.3The program’s influence on Businesses and Enterprises

The survey shows that the total number of affected enterprises is basically the same as that in the survey of last time, without fluctuation. With the accomplishment of the third ring road as well as the restoration of construction of enterprises and institutions, the unfavorable impact caused by the third ring project on enterprises and institutions has basically disappeared and the production has been restored basically and the long-term favorable impact brought about by the project on the development of enterprises has gradually showed up. The details are as follows: Table 2-3 List of seriously affected enterprises and institutions for land expropriation and house removing of the third ring road

attribute

number of Stuff

Land Expropriation.

Area of Relocation

Compensation

Impact situation of 2006 Impact situation of the end of 2007

Hancheng Village

Xi’an No.56 Middle School

institution

107 17.74

500 57.8 2004/05 land expropriation and demolition, 2005/03 accomplishing resettlement Compensation standard is the highest. Expropriate Land on the east side of the school and maintain its integrity

Normal teaching order has been restored completely.

Han cheng Village

Xi’an Haihong Bearings Factory

State-owned

2855 3.23

1312.8

41.21 Production is not affected, parts of buildings of Staff Hospital’ Clinic Building are affected; the compensation is not enough for rebuilding and the economic situation is too worse to help rebuild. At present more than 30 workers are in job rotation in a 80-90 m2 community clinics provided by the enterprise

At present, the production, marketing, and the life of staff have returned to normal. With the widening and transformation of Zhuhong Road traffic conditions and surrounding environment have been improved greatly; geographical advantages guarantee a good

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prospect. Nandang primary school

institution

24 13 Completely demolished

Assessed already compensation amount isn’t decided

330 students at school at present, coming from 7 villages. For new school site is undecided, the original school hasn’t been removed temporarily.

It hasn’t been removed by the end of 2007.

Liucunpu Village

Yangcheng Paper Making Factory

private

240 40 Completely demolished

670 Originally plan to rebuild a new factory of the same size as the original one, choosing a site with an area of 60 mu, however, due to policy reasons (environmental protection did not reach the standards) it failed to be approved. At present, stop production and prepare to shift in production.

At present, this enterprise has shifted in production in other places, most original stuff have found other jobs or have been resettled appropriately.

Yuhua Village

Xi’anvocational technical college

institution

99 6.7 2500 square m Residential Buildings for Staff

515 Normal teaching has not been influenced; 44 affected households; plan to rebuild a new residential building on the original school site.

Residential building has been accomplished; teachers have checked in and their lives returned to normal.

Koukouxiang dairy production factory

private

21 2.8 1500 260,000

2005/08 stopped production and was demolished; during production stopping period, half of milk cow were sold out, leaving only five employees. 2006/06 resumed production as predication. The new factory’s area is bigger and the specifications are higher than that of the original one.

Factory building has been accomplished and put into use. Adopting batch production, yield has restored to original level, Product specification is much higher than that of original standards before the demolition.

Xi wang Village

Sanqin Highway Company

State-owned

30 4 947.7

Monetary settlement

As adopting field work the enterprise is not affected seriously and running normally.

Xi’an Banpo Building material market

Collective

25 Completely demolished

380 Completely demolished. and respectively gave the enterprises and the industrial and commercial units 2,800,000 RMB and 1,000,000 RMB as compensation.

no restoring plan; the industrial and commercial units have found jobs for themselves

Liangjiajie Primary school

institution

40 11 Completely

An compensatio

Relocating program has been decided, the sub-district office provides

Rebuilding program was cancelled;

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demolished

n is for a demolition

15 mu land for rebuilding but have not carried out. Original school has been demolished; students and teachers were diverted to other schools to study or work.

students and teachers are diverted to other schools to study or work.

Sanqiao Village

Weiyang District Second People's Hospital

institution

140 1.5 Completely demolished

750 Rebuilding a new Clinic Building, and 2005 main parts of the new building have been accomplished. Demolition affected the normal work of the hospital.

Unfavorable impact has been eliminated long ago.

Dongwali Plastic Plant

private

18 310 9 The demolition cause inconvenience to the production and the life of stuff.

The progress of relocating is unknown.

Huanyu Company

Stock System

220 24.84

28395

645 Re-purchase 15.6 mu, restored building area is 3,305 m2.

Has returned to normal working order

Sanqiao Silk Road Bridge Integrated Service Company

collective

30 19 Completely demolished 110

By the end of March of 2006 demolition has been finished. The new plant site has been selected. At present, the company leases 18 mu, leaving only 10 employees.

Under construction

total 5 institutions, 2 state-owned enterprises, 2 collective enterprises and 4 private enterprises are seriously affected. The direct impact of the third ring road project on enterprise production is not large and most of enterprises do not stop production.

The impact of the third ring project on enterprises and institutions is not serious,

compared with that on villages and farmer households. By the end of 2007, among 13 enterprises and institutions seriously affected by the third ring road expropriation except that Nan Dang Primary School has not been removed, Yang Po Paper-making Factory is not permit to be rebuilt, and the organizational system of Liang Jiajie Primary School is cancelled, the rest have generally returned to normal working and living order and the unfavorable impacts caused by land expropriation and house removing for the third ring road on enterprises and institutions have basically been eliminated. With the passage of the third ring road, some private enterprises which had closed down after receiving compensation may be able to find new business opportunities to develop and create flourishing business scene around the third ring road.

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IV. CHAPTER III POLICY AND REGULATION FRAMEWORK

A. 3.1 The policy and regulation framework involved in the demolition of

the third ring road project

Main policies and regulations involved in the implementation during the land expropriation and demolition are as follows:

(1) The “ Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China” came into force on August 28th, 2004 (Amendment). It stipulates the ownership and use right of land, the land use, protection and compensation fund, resettlement allowance and measures to the APs.

(2) China Ministry of Land and Resources: “Expropriation Notice Approach” came into force on January 1st, 2002.

(3) The state council: “The Regulation on the Dismantlement of Urban Houses” came into force in November, 2001. It stipulates urban housing relocation management, compensation, and resettlement policies, etc.

(4) “Regulations of Shaanxi Province on the Implementation of the Land Administration Law of the Peoples Republic of China” came into force on January1st, 1999.

(5) “Regulations of Shaanxi Province on the Administration of the Dismantlement Plan of Urban Houses” came into force on December 1st, 2004.

(6) “Resettlement Procedures of Xi’an on Construction and Dismantlement of Urban Houses” (second amendment), came into force on April 1st, 1993. It stipulates the detailed regulations concerning demolition, compensation and resettlement of the houses built on the state-owned land which were demolished for city construction.

(7) “Management Implementation Details of Xi’an on the Dismantlement of Urban Houses”, came into force on May 10th, 2005. It stipulates the detailed regulations concerning the demolition of houses built on the state-owned land in the city planning area within administrative regions of Xi’an city as well as relocatee’ s compensation and resettlement.

(8) “Regulations of Xi’an on Provisional Valuation of the Dismantled Houses” (9) “Adjustment on Re-pricing of the Dismantled Houses” Xi’an government

(1995). (10) “Adjustment on Re-pricing of the Dismantled Houses” Xi’an government

(1997). (11) “Provisions on Enhancement of Land expropriation and Resettlement

Management on City Road Construction” Xi’an government (2003). (12) On the basis of above policies, Xi’an government combined with actual

situations of local economic development and issued the “Xi’an Government Issued Document [2004] Section 88” to regulate the compensation standards of the third ring

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road project, which clarifies the implementation details in order to guide and regulate the administration of demolition resettlement.

（13）“Some Opinions on System Construction of the Employment and Social

Security Institutions for Farmers of Land Expropriation” The resettlement principles and implementations provided for by Xi’an Government Issued Document [2005] Section 88.

(14) “Regulations of Xi’an on Financial Subsidy of Pension Insurance for Farmers of Land Expropriation”. Xi’an bureau of Finance [2005] Section 12

(15) “Implement Opinion on Working out Earnestly of Employment Training and Social Security Institutions for Farmers of Land Expropriation”. Labor and Social Security Ministry of Shaanxi Province [2007] Section 2

B. 3.2 The resettlement principles and implementations provided for by

“Xi’an Government Issued Document [2004] Section 88”

On the basis of Chinese Laws and ADB’ s policies and requests, the policies of compensation and resettlement of APs involved in the third ring road project are formed. The main aims of resettlement policies are restoration of the APs’ income and livelihood after demolition, meanwhile, decrease their economic impact on society as much as possible and pay more attention on the poorest people and vulnerable groups.

Resettlement principle and implementation are demonstrated as follows:

Table 3-1: Resettlement principles and implementation

Resettlement principles Implementation

1 compensation and right which the APs gained should be maintain the original level at least or even beyond it

(1) Compensation and resettlement is in accordance with the principles. The affected group livelihood standards maintain the original level even more than 50% of their housing conditions are improved. (2) The affected group is divided into 3 groups according to their incomes: 1) Live on land. This part of people’s incomes is low; the compensation funds can maintain their original life. 2) Land management. The incomes from land management are higher than compensation, so if the land cost is high, the funds can’t maintain their original level. 3) On the verge of land loss. Before the project, these kinds of people own little land, the compensation funds they received is little, so their livelihood levels are not changed.

2 No matter with or without qualifications, the affected should be compensated for demolition and settlement.

(1) Private enterprises, industrial and commercial households have received compensation, but they are absent from resettlement aids and their benefits are affected, waiting for comeback. (2) Temporary workers and outside workers are lack of law protection. (3) The house without housing property right certificate will be compensated; the rate of compensation is 70% of house with certificate.

3 Land adjustment should ensure the affected group to possess enough land to maintain their lives.

Settlement site is allotted from local land, or out of spot which can ensure APs to possess enough land to maintain their lives.

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4 If the rest land can’t maintain the APs lives, relevant departments should provide cash, land, or other ways for compensation.

Relevant policies stipulate clearly that Third ring road Company should compensate villages in which APs land per capita less than 0.3 mu by proper funds.

5

The affected group should get a full understanding about the qualifications, compensations methods and standards, livelihood and income restoration plan and project timetable and they should participate in the demolition and settlement implementation.

The affected group learns the project timetable, compensation qualifications, standard and method from document and policy advertising, relevant materials distribution; every village makes restoration and allotment plan by itself; meanwhile, every villager has right to decide and participate in the plan making.

6 Land acquisition should not start until the affected group satisfied with demolition and settlement plan.

Land expropriation starts after signing agreement and compensation funds payment.

7 Implementation organization and the third section should supervise and ensure the compensation and settlement process.

Xi’an Academy of Social Sciences is the third section to supervise and assess the demolition and resettlement externally; Third ring road Company is internal oversight section.

8 The invulnerable group should been paid more aids and favorable treatment in order to improve their livelihood standards.

The special care towards the invulnerable group is realized by every village in the light of their actual situations without attention of policy itself.

9 The affected group should have opportunity to participate in and gain profits from the project. Minority

10 Demolition and settlement plan should be consistent with Xi’an overall programmers. Consistency

Table 3-1 summarizes the principles of compensation, demolition, resettlement and income restorations and remarks on implementation. During the policies’ establishment and implementation of this project, the differences are allowed among villages and districts. On the one hand, differences are allowed in land re-allotment and cash payment; On the other hand, differences are allowed in income restoration either it is on the basis of community or organized by individuals so as to ensure that all the APs will gain enough compensation after the demolition and get aids for income restoration after their resettlement.

C. 3.3 The compensation method provided for by “Xi’an Government

Issued Document [2004] Section 88”

1. 3.3.1 Land adjustment and measures used to subst itute land compensation.

According to the resettlement policy, villagers whose land is expropriated adjust land in their village where there is surplus land by “render land for land” in usual. If re-allotment is insufficient, they could adjust it under towns or subdistrict offices in corresponding territory. The distance between farmers’ houses and farmland should not surpass 3 km. As to those villagers who choose other compensation instead of land or for whom there is no land to compensate, cash-compensation should be given. And compensation standard should be determined by the agreement between district administration and affected villagers based on the actual situations and consultation. In the process of implementation, resettlement sites should be re-allotted in the village or rendered land for land in the neighborhood, take Sanqiaocun village for example, its resettlement site is located in the west of Armed Police Technological College nearby the village, and the new site is planned by government but built by villagers who would be resettled there. The resettlement of houses demolished concerning this project is

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dealt with by village officers and government through “render land for land” instead of monetary resettlement.

2. 3.3.2 Cash compensation.

The relevant documents provide that differences are allowed among villages and districts. Hence, productive land adjustment is taken in accordance with actual situation of the affected villages. Weather land adjustment should be taken or not has been listed in the village income distribution scheme and income restoration plan which is confirmed after the whole villagers’ voting. Through investigation, the allotment program can be summarized into three types: 1. Compensation fund is distributed to villagers whose land is expropriated directly according to compensation standard provided in relevant policies without the land adjustment and re-allotment among the whole village. 2. In the range of village or group, compensation fund is redistributed; adjustment and division of surplus land are implemented so as to ensure that every villager can possess some portion of land. 3. In the range of village or group, compensation fund is redistributed and surplus land is managed by the collectivity without readjustment. All APs take part in the allotment of land income.

D. 3.4 Buildings compensation standards and implementations provided

for by “Xi’an Government Issued Document [2004] Section 88”

In this project, compensation standard is higher than anyone in any other projects in recent years because of its significance to the development of Xi’an. The compensation standard for different type’s losses is in Table 3-2.

Comparing with resettlement plan, the main differences are embodied as follows: 1. Compensation standard for dry land, resettlement site and enterprises site are increased from 20,000 per mu to 25,000 per mu. In actual implementation, every district’s compensation standard is 30,000 per mu. 2. Compensation for building is that on the basis of compensation standard evaluation of resettlement plan, 60% building resettlement price are added. In actual implementation, compensation standard is higher than that provided in resettlement plan. The compensation of brick-concrete structure building reaches 400~550 yuan/m2 on average. 3. According to policy, the transitional period is 6 months. In actual implementation, it’s prolonged to 12months, even in some villages, the transition compensation are even given for 18months. For example, Sanqiaocun village and Wuyicun village which are administrated by Sanqiao subdistrict.

Although every district can implement the same land expropriation policies and compensation standards, based on different economy strength and progress demands, each district establish different polices on the basis of compensation standard provided by policies. It is mainly demonstrated as follows: 1. During Yanta district’s land expropriation, in addition to the compensation of 30,000 Yuan/mu, it increases 16,000 Yuan/mu for land location compensation, and the total compensation is up to 46,000 Yuan/mu;

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2. Hancheng subdistrict office in Weiyang district, in the first stage its compensation standard is implemented by the kinds of plant (vegetable land is compensated by 800 Yuan/mu, wheat land 700 Yuan/mu, orchard are compensated by the number of fruit tree, and fish pond are compensated by water area). In the second stage, in order to avoid rush planting, and keep fair, fruit- tree compensation standard is changed to 7,000 Yuan/mu and the fish pond is compensated by 6,000 Yuan/mu in accordance with actual land area expropriated; 3. Fruit tree under the jurisdiction of Xinjiamiao subdistrict office is compensated by 5,000-6,000 Yuan/mu; grave is 200-300 Yuan/grave; 4. Fruit trees compensation in Baqiao District is carried out as follows: 13.000yuan/mu, 5,000 Yuan/mu, 9,000 Yuan/mu, 4,000 Yuan/mu respectively with the kinds of fruit trees and the amount of fruit as its standard. (See table 3-2)

Table 3-2: The comparison between planned resettlement standard and the actual implemented standard.

Name of project

Land expropriation

Land attachment compensation House demolition ( brick-concrete structure )

Fruit Nursery Fish pond

Young plant

Planned resettlement standard

25,000 Yuan/mu

5~90 Yuan/plant —— ——

700~800 Yuan/mu

375 Yuan / m2 on average

Implemented standard in Weiyang district

30,000 Yuan/mu

5000-8000 Yuan/mu ——

6,000 Yuan/mu

700~800 Yuan/mu

400~500 Yuan / m2 on average

Implemented standard in Baqiao district

30,000 Yuan/mu

4,000 ~13,000 Yuan/mu

15,000~20,000 Yuan/mu —— 700~800

Yuan/mu 400~450 Yuan / m2 on average

Implemented standard in Yanta district

46,000 Yuan/mu —— —— —— 600~700

Yuan/mu 450 Yuan / m2 on average

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V. CHAPTER ⅣⅣⅣⅣ THE COMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT OF LAND

REQUISITION AND HOUSES DEMOLISHED AND RELOCATED

The Xi'an Third Ring Road Construction and Development Company as the implementary executant of the entire Third Ring Road Project, makes compensations over the requisitioned land, the ground attachments as well as buildings demolished and relocated. The compensations are basically carried out through the way of monetary compensation and the compensation money is paid to the village groups, individuals and the enterprises and institutions. The resettlement of peasant households demolished and relocated is primarily through the way that the basic level governments (subdistrict offices and village committees) make the coordination and the Houses Demolished and Relocated Office makes the implementation specifically, the resettlement of enterprises and commercial proprietors demolished is mainly through the way of monetary compensation and self-resettlement and the resettlement of institutions (mainly the schools) is primarily through the way that the Third Ring Company makes financial contributions and the basic level governments coordinate the resettlement. The progress conditions of every item of the Compensation and Resettlement of Land Requisition and Houses Demolished and Relocated of the Third Ring Road Project by Sep.2007 are as follows:

A. 4.1 The compensation conditions of the Land Requisition and Houses

Demolished and Relocated of the Third Ring Road Project

According to our survey and investigation this time, the compensation work of Land Requisition of the Third Ring Road Project has already ended by Sep.2007.

In the part of compensation over the collective land requisition, the Third Ring Company has already paid all the land requisition compensative money to the villages located in Weiyang District, Yanta District and Baqiao District with 11523.6mu rural collective land requisitioned and the standards of the land requisition compensation are 30,000RMB Yuan/mu for the additional 1602 mu of requisitioned land (in Baqiao District and Weiyang District) and 46,000 RMB Yuan/mu (in Yanta District). Every village has formed the distribution plan about the land requisition compensative money which is basically approved by everyone through the way of soliciting the villagers’ opinions; every village makes average distribution promptly about the land requisition compensative money to all the villagers or the villagers with land requisitioned and the villagers are approbatory and acceptable about the compensative money distribution plan.

In the part of compensation over the ground attachments, the Third Ring Company has entrusted the evaluation company to evaluate the real values of the ground attachments and the standards of the compensations are basically: seedlings 600-700 RMB Yuan/mu, fruit trees and non timber trees 5,000-8,000 RMB Yuan/mu,

25

nurseries 15,000-20,000 RMB Yuan/mu, and fish ponds 6,000 RMB Yuan/mu. According to the evaluation results, the Third Ring Road Company hands over the compensation money to the Resettlement of Houses Demolished and Relocated Offices in the subdistrict offices which are responsible for making the distribution specifically and the villagers make direct claims with signatures so that there are no intermediate links which can guarantee the safety of the compensation money. During the survey this time, the problems that some villagers reflect that omissions exist in the evaluations of the ground attachments, the evaluation prices are too low and different prices exist within one village have never emerged any more. The masses are basically satisfactory about the compensations of the ground attachments.

In the part of compensation over houses demolished and relocated, the Third Ring Road Company has entrusted the evaluation company to make evaluations about the values of the houses demolished and the standards of evaluations and compensations are basically identical in each district and subdistrict office. The lowest standard of brick-concrete structure houses is 250RMB Yuan/m2 with extra 60% self-construction expenses added being about 150-160RMB Yuan and the standard can be up-regulated properly according to the different degrees of new or old houses by about 410-550 RMB Yuan/m2 generally. The Third Ring Company remits the compensation money of houses demolished and relocated to the special account of each subdistrict office and every relocation household can go to get the compensation money directly by the demolishment and relocation agreement. According to the survey and investigation this time, all the relocation households have gotten their compensation money promptly and most of them are rather satisfied about the prices of the compensations over the houses.

In the part of compensation over the enterprises and institutions and Sole Proprietors with land requisitioned and buildings demolished: The enterprises and institutions affected by the land requisition and buildings relocation of The Third Ring Project are in total 1812 including: 1761 small-sized Private Enterprises and Sole Proprietors, 42 relatively large-sized enterprises and 9 institutions (5 Primary Schools, 1 Middle School, 1 Vocational Institute, 1 Hospital and 1 Research Institute). According to the survey and investigation, The Third Ring Company has already encashed all the economy compensation over the demolishment and relocation losses of the enterprises and institutions and Sole Proprietors in accordance with the evaluation results obtained by the evaluation company. The enterprises and institutions and Sole Proprietors involved don’t have any objections about the compensation basically.

B. 4.2. The progress situations of resettlements and relocations

1. 4.2.1 The4.2.1 The4.2.1 The4.2.1 The resettlements progress situations of the peasant

households demolished and relocated

According to the survey and investigation this time, concerning the resettlements and relocations work of The Third Ring Project there are 2838 peasant households

26

according to the survey carried out in Dec, 2006 and 2856 peasant households in Dec.2007, but there are 2426 peasant households which actually need the resettlements. In the recent year, through the coordinate efforts of many parts including the Third Ring Road Company, the District Governments and the subdistrict offices as well as the villages, the demolishment and relocation work of the peasant households’ houses has already been accomplished completely and the resettlement work of the households progresses greatly. The specific progress situations of resettlements and relocations are as follows: (see Table 4-2 and Table 4-3)

Table 4-2: The Table of the resettlement and relocation situations of peasant

households along the Third Ring Road.

District Subdistrict

Office Village

Number of

Household

s

Demolishe

d

Resettlement Method

Resettlement

Situation in

2007

Yanta District

Yuhua Dongchaocun 2

On-the-spot

Homestead Division

Resettlement

Already

moved into

the new

residences

Zhangba Caolicun 59

On-the-spot

Homestead Division

Resettlement

Already

moved into

the new

residences

totally

Dianzicheng Beishenjiaqiaoc

un 4

No Resettlement

Needed

Already

demolished;

houses’

construction

work ended

Changyanpu

Xisanyaopucun 5 On-the-spot storied

building Resettlement

Already

moved into

the new

residences

allocated

Dongsanyaocun 112 Out-of-spot

Resettlement

50%

relocated

households

were building

houses in the

27

new resettled

places

Qujiang Xinkaimen

cun 30

On-the-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

28

Weiyang

District Xinjiamiao

Xinjiamiao

cun 19

Out-of-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

Xinjiamiao Xinfangcun 316 Out-of-spot

Resettlement

Nearly 100

households

moved into

the new

residences;

216

households

were building

houses

Tanjia Hutuozhai

cun 108

Out-of-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

Tanjia Tuanjiecun 46 On-the-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

Xujiawan

Hongguangcun 93

Homestead Division

together with

Residential Building

Resettlement

Houses were

under

constructions;

nobody

moved in

Xinguang

cun 4

On-the-spot

Resettlement

Already

demolished;

not yet

resettled

Yuanming

cun 40

Beichencun 7

Caotan

Zhengjiasi

cun 41

Xincun 59

Hancheng

Guojiacun,

Zhuhongcun, 134

On-the-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

29

Qingdongcun

accomplished

;

All moved into

the new

residences

Zhongying

cun 22

On-the-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

Majiashizi

cun 42

On-the-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

▲Dianzicun 31

Beidangcun 42 On-the-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

▲Nandang

cun 20

Sanqiao

Sanqiaocun 276 Out-of-spot

Resettlement

New

resettlement

village was

built up

basically;

70% persons

already

moved in

Wuyicun 36 On-the-spot

Resettlement

New

resettlement

village was

built up

basically;

90% persons

already

moved in

Dongwali 96 Multi-storied high Resettlement

30

cun building Resettlement storied

buildings

were under

constructions

Baqiao District

Hongqi

Sandiancun 14 On-the-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

Mujiangwangcu

n 23

Multi-storied high

building Resettlement

Resettlement

storied

buildings

were under

constructions

Wuxingcun 14 On-the-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

Xiwang

Guoqucun 43 On-the-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

An’dicun 180 On-the-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

Nanniucun 59 On-the-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

Yanjiatan 6 No Resettlement

Needed

Guantingcun 206 Out-of-spot

Resettlement

Resettlement

already

31

accomplished

; All moved

into the new

residences

Liangjiajiecun 695 Out-of-spot Resettlement

20% relocated households(about 140) were building resettlement house; the rest were renting houses as a transition

Baqiao

Wuxicun 32 4 On-the-spot Resettlement; 28 No Resettlement Needed

Resettlement already accomplished; All moved into the new residences

Huangdeng cun

12 On-the-spot Resettlement

Houses were under construction

Xie’ercun 13 On-the-spot Resettlement

Resettlement already accomplished; All moved into the new residences

Duanjiacun 1 On-the-spot Resettlement

Resettlement already accomplished; All moved into the new residences

Xinzhu

Xinsicun 5 On-the-spot Resettlement

Resettlement already accomplished; All moved into the new residences

Xingyuancun 6 On-the-spot Resettlement

Resettlement already accomplished; All moved into the new residences

Total Number 17Subdistrict Offices

39 Villages 2856 Households

Note: ▲ indicates the households that are to be demolished and relocated in the original plan but now not necessary.

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Table 4-3: The Table of the resettlements progress situations of the peasant households along the Third Ring Road.

Project Apr. 2006 Sep. 2006 Sep. 2007

Household (%)(%)(%)(%) Household (%)(%)(%)(%) Household

Demolished only; no

resettlements needed 57 2.1 57 2.0

Demolished agreement

is not signed 270 10.1 172 6.0 0 0

Agreement is signed

but

demolition is not

started

731 27.4 0 0 0 0

Under demolition or

already demolished 1284 48.1 1507 53.1 504 20.8

New houses are under

constructions 147 5.5 456 16.0 610 25.1

New houses have been

built up

or people have moved

in

180 6.75 647 22.8 1312 54.1

Total 2666 100% 2838 100% 2426 100%

From the table above we can see: the survey results of Sep. 2006 indicate that: the Third Ring Project plans to demolish and relocate 2838 peasant households, including 57 households which don’t need resettlements (only compensations given but no resettlements because only one house corner has been demolished), accounting for 2% of the households demolished and relocated; 172 households have been evaluated but no demolished and relocated agreement is signed, accounting for 6%; 1507 households are under demolitions or have already been demolished, accounting for 53.1%; 456 households are building their new houses, accounting for 16%; 647 households have their new houses built up already or have moved in, accounting for 22.8%. The survey results of this time indicate that: the evaluation and agreement signing work of peasant households’ demolition and relocation has already ended completely; 504 households are under demolition or have already finished the demolition, accounting for 20.8% of the total number of households demolished and relocated; 610 households are building the new resettlement houses, accounting for 25.1%; 1312 households have their new houses built up already or have moved in, accounting for 54.1%. Compared with the survey results of last time, the demolition work of the Third Ring Road Project has decreased largely and the resettlement work has been in all-round expansion with the proportion of households building new houses and the proportion of households which have already moved into the new houses and finished the resettlement has increased respectively by nearly 10 percent

33

points and 31 percent points compared with the proportion by the end of 2006. The fact shows during 2007 the demolition and resettlement work of the Third Ring Road Project has already realized the entire transference from the demolition and relocation to the resettlement and the resettlement work is promoted rapidly.

According to the survey and investigation this time, at present nearly a half of the households demolished and relocated haven’t moved into the new residences and they are still renting houses as a transition. Many demolished households reflected that, saying: the Third Ring Road Company has already stopped giving them the transition fees but their new houses can’t be built up in a short time. It is unfair for the Company not giving or giving fewer transition fees to them.

2.2.2.2. 4.2.2 The4.2.2 The4.2.2 The4.2.2 The relocation and resettlement situations of the ente rprises

and institutions

The annual progress situations of the enterprises and institutions affected by the Third Ring Road Project are seen in details in the table below (see Table 4-3).

Table 4-3: The Table of the compensations and resettlements progress situations of

the enterprises and institutions affected by the demolitions and relocations of the Third Ring Road Project.

District Subdistrict Office

Enterprises and Institutions

Number of Households Demolished

Resettlement Method

Resettlement Progress

Apr. 2006

Sep. 2006

Sep. 2007

Yanta District

Yuhua

Vessel Head Plant(state-owned)

1 ★

Compensation money already received in the end of 2005.

The LPG Station of Shaanxi Huayi Petrochemical Company

1 ★ Compensation money already received

Private Enterprises

29 ★ Compensation money already received

●Xi’an Vocational Technical Institute

1 ★

The Third Ring Road Company provides funds for a new residential building to be built on the

The residential buildings are under constructions and the staff

The residential storied buildings already built up; Teachers

34

Institute’s land. Currently, the evaluation work has just been finished; the demolition and construction work hasn’t been started.

members are renting houses as a transition.

staff already moved in

Zhangba Private Enterprises

10

★ Compensation money already received

Dianzicheng Private Enterprises

39

Changyanpu

Private Enterprises

36

●Dongsanyaocun Primary School

1

Out-of-spot Resettlement

No determined resettlement scheme

Still no determined resettlement scheme

The land requisition of The Third Ring Road only takes up half of the school’s sports ground; the teaching buildings are not affected or relocated; the teaching work proceeds.

Weiyang District

Tanjia

5241 Plant(state-owned)

1 No Resettlement

Monetary compensation, no resettlement needed

Private Enterprises and Sole Proprietors

22

★ Compensation money already received

Xinjiamiao

Private Enterprises and Sole Proprietors

64

●Xinfang Primary School

1

Out-of-spot Resettlement

No demolition yet but the demolition scheme is already decided: the Xinfang Village Committee provides transitional houses to be

The school buildings have been demolished, being in a transitional period by renting houses; the teaching work

The new site of Xinfangcun Primary School is under planning and deciding.

35

used as classrooms; the Subdistrict Office coordinates the new school site; then the Third Ring Road Company is to transact the related procedures and to provide funds to let the Subdistrict Office to build the new school.

proceeds normally without affection.

Hancheng

State-owned Enterprises

12 ★

●The 16th Secondary School

1

The land requisition and demolition work is carried out in May2004and the resettlement is finished in Mar. 2005; the compensation standard is the highest in this district; the land east to the school is purchased, so the school’s integrity is maintained. The resettlement is accomplished basically.

Currently, the teaching work proceeds normally.

The teaching orders recover completely.

Private Enterprises and Sole Proprietors

213 ★

Compensation money already received

Liucunpu Private Enterprises

6

Sanqiao

Schools(Name)

1 --------- ---------

●The2nd Hospital of Weiyang

1 --------- ---------

The new Clinic Building is reconstructed and the main body of it has been finished in

The Clinic Building is already built up and the business running is beginning normally.

36

2005. However, the demolition and relocation work affects the routine hospital work.

Aquatic Products Institute

1 --------- ---------

Private Enterprises and Sole Proprietors

160

★ Compensation money already received

Baqiao District

Xiwang Baqiao Hongqi

Private Enterprises and Sole Proprietors

1132

●Liangjiajie Primary School

2

One school is under resettlement; one school isn’t involved in the survey this time.

Liangjiajie Primary School is already demolished; the resettlement scheme is decided: the Subdistrict Office grants 15mu land for the Third Ring Company to provide funds to build a new school. The new school’s construction is not started yet.

No resettlement; the students and teachers have already gone separately to other schools nearby.

The village has five separate out-of-spot resettlement points and the students have been scattered so that the original construction system of the school has been cancelled.

State-owned Enterprises

29 ★

Total Number

12 1812 Private Enterprises and Sole Proprietors,42 State-owned Enterprises,9 Institutions

Note: ★indicates the enterprises which are resettled by monetary compensation. ●indicates the institutions that need direct resettlements by the Third Ring Company according to the follow-up investigation this time.

During the survey of Sep. 2006, we make follow-up investigations of 6 institutions and 6 enterprises which are affected seriously or need direct resettlements by the Third Ring Company. Because some institutions have already finished the resettlements according to the survey last time and the production work has been back to normal, they are not to be involved in the survey this time. This time we will make follow-up

37

investigations of 5 institutions and 4 enterprises included. The specific resettlement progress situations are as follows:

The Institutions: 1) Xinfang Primary school of Xinjiamiao Subdistrict Office, the

new school’s construction is not started but the new site has already been determined and the buildings’ foundations are being dug currently. 2) The Xi’an 16th Secondary School of Hancheng Subdistrict Office has finished the resettlement in Mar.2005 and after that the teaching work is back to normal with no other problems. 3) Nandang Primary School of Hancheng Subdistrict Office has not started the demolition work and the teaching work proceeds normally. 4) Xi’an Vocational Technical Institute of Yuhua Subdistrict Office has its staff residential building been built up and the teachers’ staff has already moved in. 5) Liangjiajie Primary School of Xiwang Subdistrict Office is not to be reconstructed and the original construction system of the school is cancelled because the village is demolished as a whole with two separate out-of-spot resettlement points, the students have already been scattered and the students and teachers will go separately to other schools nearby. 6) The Second People’s Hospital of Weiyang District has been demolished and relocated entirely; the new Clinic Building is reconstructed; the main body of it has been built up in 2005 and the business running is beginning completely.

The Enterprises: 1) Haihong Bearing Plant of Hancheng Subdistrict Office is a

state-owned enterprise. The partial construction of its Staff Hospital Clinic Building is affected and it has been repaired. Currently, the hospital work is back to normal. 2) Yangcheng Paper Mill of Liucunbu Subdistrict Office is a private enterprise and is relocated and reconstructed with products changed. 3) Huifeng Diary Processing Factory in Yuhua Subdistrict Office is a private enterprise. Currently, the workshops have already been built up and put into use and the mass production is started. The output has been restored to the original level and the standards of the products are much higher than that of the original. 6) Sanqiao Milk Road Integrated Services Company is a Collective Owned Enterprise. The demolition and relocation work has been finished in March, 2006, the new plant is started to be constructed in the chosen site and the construction has been half accomplished.

The listing follow-up investigation results of enterprises and institutions indicate: the enterprises and institutions demolished and relocated have accomplished the resettlements successfully and the production and life as well as working orders have been back to normal basically.

38

39

VI. CHAPTER THE DEVELOPⅤⅤⅤⅤ MENT OF VILLAGERS’ ECONOMIC PRODUCTION

RESTORATION AND LIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT

This survey mainly concentrates on the restoration of production and livelihood of the households influenced by land expropriation and house demolition and relocation of the government’s third ring road project, as well as the project itself, about which the last survey has reported in details. And this survey chiefly investigates and evaluates 200 households and many villages, substrict offices and the third ring road company. Compared with the last survey, the result of this supervising investigation is that the villager’s present livelihood restoration has been improved dramatically and economic production also has begun to resume. Totally speaking, the villager’s present livelihood and production stays still in the restoration period, which is caused by the big numbers and vast area of villagers involved in the land expropriation and house demolition and relocation of the third ring road project, and the great varieties of the original economic foundation, production way and living condition of the relocatees. All these make it very difficult to evaluate simply and wholly the influence brought by the third ring road’s construction. Therefore, it’s necessary to analyze the economic development by regions.

A. 5.1 The livelihood restoration of the villagers

The findings of this survey reflect that the influence to villagers’ life caused by third ring road project largely lies in the following two aspects: land expropriation, and the house demolition and relocation. Therefore, the villagers’ livelihood restoration can be evaluated the two standards, one is whether the present house is better than the original one; two is the resettlement condition of the recocatees.

1. 5.1.1 the quality of the recocatees’ newly built houses more sounded than the previous one, the area, bigger, an d the living environment better

Xi’an city locates in Guanzhong region, where there is a traditional habit in countryside to save money for a life-time in order to build new houses. So the farmers are very economical on clothing, but they show great interest in building new houses. The findings of our several times’ investigations and evaluations show that the structures of the recocatees’ newly built houses are generally better than the previous ones, and that the new houses are built with bricks and steel, instead of earth and wood. To enlarge the houses’ area is mainly because the villagers consider building new houses as a productive investment, and they want to rent out all the rooms except for the first floor their families have to live in. And some other farmers also want to set up shops or stores to do business on the first floors. For instance, Mujiangwang village in Baqiao district, rearrange and resettle wholly all the relocatees of the third

40

ring road as well as the “village in city”. The resettlement standard is the average personal housing area, 39 m2, plus the average personal business area, 26 m2. According to the investigated 7 villages in Baqiao district, Guanting, Andi, Guoqu and Nanniu villages have finished resettlement of all relocatees, whose new houses occupying 0.25-0.3mu base land, are designed as two or more stories buildings with the average housing area, from 300m2 to 600m2, bigger than their previous ones. And the most important one is that the reasonable designed structures of new house provide the hosts with great convenience to rent out their houses. Additionally, the new villages are elegantly designed and well equipped with fundamental facilities,

such as solid road, water and electricity, etc. For example, Guanting and Andi villages also set up leisure square and cultural and recreational activities room. In all, the new villages with well-equipped facilities, wide road and tidy and clean living condition are better than the previous ones.（picture ）s 5.1.1 and 5.1.2

5.1.1 The new resettlement of Nanniu village 5.1.2 the new resettlement of Guanting village

In Weiyang district, located at the west third ring road, Sanqiao village of Sanqiao

substrict office is a big demolished village, where we visit 22 households, and most of the relocatees’ housing areas are larger than that of their previous houses. For example, with five families Bi Zongming’s original housing area is 360 m2, while the present one, 440 m2. In Yanta district, the housing area of the relocatee is above 600 m2, and generally larger than the previous one.

The investigation group of Yanta district samples randomly 40 households and finds that most visited farmers think their present living condition much better than before. What makes the farmers satisfied are mainly the enlarged newly built house, the well-equipped fundamental facilities and the improved human setting. (To picture 5.1.3)

The comparison on the famers’ living quality before and after land expropriation and house demolition and relocation of the third ring road (picture 5.1.3)

41

the unimproved

occupyilng

12.5%

the improved

occupying

55%

the weakened

occupying

32.5%

In Xinjiamiao village of Weiyang district, located at the northern third ring road, all the

19 households of the relocatees have moved in the new resettlement and the new housing area reaches 300-700 m2. The 108 households of the relocatees in Hutuozhai village also have moved in the new houses, where the living setting is better than before. In Tuanjie village, all the 39 households of the relocatees have moved in the new village. And in Xinfang village, nearly 30% of the 316 households of the relocatees have moved in the new houses. All the new houses in these four villages are designed as 3 or more than 3-storey buildings on the whole.

Except for the improved living setting, the villages involved in the third ring road project seize the good opportunity to cooperate with the government’s constructing “village in city” project to re-adjust their villages’ constructing blue print and improve the fundamental facilities of their villages. For instance, Dongsayao village in Tanat district designs the roads wholly: the main road in southern and northern direction, 30 meters in width, and in eastern and western direction, 10 meters in width. And the standard of the newly built houses is also made sure wholly. In Beidsanqiao village of Yuhuazhai subdistrict, the roads are usually filled with mud when raining, and flying dust when not, but this time when we are there, all the roads are well built, wide and clean.

2. 5.1.2 The relocatees in their new resettlements

How many relocatees move in their new houses after the transition period is a very important point to evaluate the livelihood restoration of the farmers involved in the project? This survey shows that by the end of 2007, about 46.9% household of the relocatees have finished building their new houses and moved in. There are great differences about the new removal in the three districts involved in the third ring road project. For example, in the 1,218 households of the relocatees of the investigated 7 villages in Baqiao district, 480 households have moved in their new houses, occupying 39.4%, and 738 households are still in transition period, occupying 60.5%. In Guoqu, Andi, Nanniu and Guanting villages of this district, the rate of removal households is the highest, reaching 480 households. Totally speaking, all the relocatees in Xinjiamiao village of Xinjiamiao subdistrict, and Hutuozhai and Tuanjie villages of Tanjia subditrict, have moved in their new houses. Most relocattees in Zhuhongbao, Majiashizi and Zhongying villages of Hancheng subdistrict have moved in their new houses too. And in Sanqiao and Dong’aoli villages of Sanqiao subdistrict, the relocatees have finished building their new houses and begin to move in. In Yanta district, the relocatees of Dongzhao, Caogong and Xinmen villages have all moved in their new houses. According to the processing condition, Weiyang and Yanta districts move quickly,

42

while Baqiao district relatively slowly. From this survey, we find that the long term transition period which is caused by various reasons, such as the long time discussion on and approval of the new village’s address as well as the construction itself stops the farmers’ livelihood and production restoration.

B. 5.2 The villager’s production restoration and development

The main content of this investigation is the restoration and development of the villager’s production influenced by the land expropriation and house demolition and relocation of the third ring road project. Generally speaking, the finding of this investigation is that the villager’s production stays in restoration and development stages. Different from the last investigation, the business opportunity and geographic advantage of the relocatee’s begin to come true because of the convenience traffic brought by the third ring road which is nearly completed now. In the three districts we investigated, relatively speaking, the geographic advantage of Weiyang district is the best, because of the city migrating its government here and constructing Ruins Park of Daming Palace as well as “village in city” here, too. Whatever to do, house rental, temporary work in city or transport, villagers in Weiyang district have a very bright and promising production future full of good business opportunities. Yanta district, nearby Qujiang district and Qujiang Ruins Park, also has strong potential to develop its economy. Nevertheless, Baqiao district is relatively weak. We can see the villager’s production restoration and development from the following aspects:

1. 5.2.1 House rental

In Xi’an, House rental is one of the most important income resources of the farmers living in “village in city” for years. These farmers can obtain stable incomes inside their houses because of geographic advantage. The most serious damage for them is losing their original incomes from house rental. Therefore, these villagers enlarge the storey and hosing area in building their new houses in order to increase their future income from house rental, which also can provide employment opportunity for the female members of the family, for example, they can clean the rooms or make sure the security of tenant’s possessions. This investigation reflects that most villagers rent out all the rooms above the second floor of their 3 or 4-storey houses and still some do small business on the first floor. We can say that the earlier the relocate move in the new house, the more quickly the production and livelihood restore. To move in the new house does not only mean the stable and comfortable life, but also the beginning the production activity. House rental is the best way to restore and develop production for the relocatee caused by the land expropriation and house demolition and relocation of the third ring road project. Additionally, in recent years, the rising property market price in Xi’an brings the rent to increase by year, which is pro-gazed by the farmer. Among the visited villagers in Beishiqiao, Laoyanzhuang, Xinkaimen and Nanshen villages of Yanta district, the villagers’ income is generally higher than that of 2006. For instance, there is no longer arable land in Xinkaimen village and all original villagers live on house rental or doing temporary jobs outside. The monthly rent for each room increases from 100 Yuan in 2006 to the present 150 Yuan. And compared with 2006, the house rental income of the new relocatees generally increases. All the six households of the relocatee in Nanshen village, run shops or restaurants on the first floor,

43

and rent all the rooms above the second floor except for some rooms their families live in. The visited villagers think that their incomes increase because of the rising rent and convenience near the third ring road. Let’s take Gao De-min of Nanshen village for an example, he builds several storey on his original house demolished 15 meters, and his present housing area gets to 1,000 m2, which makes his yearly rent reach about 40,000 Yuan, plus 20,000 Yuan earned by him and his wife outside, he says firmly “I do it well!”.

In Zhuhongbao village of Hancheng substrict, Weiyang district, 57 households of the relocatee move in their new houses by the end of 2007, and the villagers begin to rent their houses: the first floor to be used to run shops, restaurants or warehouses, and the rest to common tenants. To calculate with the standard of monthly rent: 80-100 Yuan per 15 m2, the household’ yearly rent can be nearly 20,000 Yuan. Among the investigated households, their pure income of 2007 generally surpasses 35,000 Yuan, obviously better than that of 2006. So house rental has become the most important and convenient income channel for the relocatee.

2. 5.2.2 The labor transference of the landless far mers

The countryside’ land near Xi’an city is the rare resource and the farmers in suburban are gradually driven out of their land with the enlargement of the city’s constructive land. After the land expropriation of the third ring road, the production ways of the farmers who lose their land has changed dramatically. At present, their main production ways are as follows: first, to do temporary work: due to the geographic advantage, these famers can leave in the early morning and return to their home in the evening freely without paying too much cost or obeying any regulation. Now to work in the construction sites is the first choice for them because they may earn about 100 yuan a day there. Second, to engage in transport: the rich villagers with necessary skills but truck themselves to carry sand, cement or the city’s construction waste, etc. Third, to run business, such as small shops; last, others. The economic production structure’s investigation result of the 40 households of the relocatee in Baqiao district is like this: (table 5.2.2.1)

Table 5.2.2.1 the economic production structure’ of the relocatee

households transport farming business

（contract）

temporary

work industry

A

steady

job

others

40 7 2 3 28 0 2

percent 17.5% 5% 7.5% 70% 5%

This table shows that without land, the farmers mainly seek for temporary jobs

outside, which occupying 70%, engage in transport, 17.5%, do business, 7.5%, and only 5% of the relocate still have field to plant.

The selected statistic result table is the family’s production way and income of Majiashizi village in Weiyang district in 2007(table 5.2.2.2).

The percentage of every item in the family’s overall annual income of Majiashizi village in 2007 (table 5.2.2.2)

44

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

trasport breeding rent

the income percentage(%)

The table reflects that the villager’s income percentage from house rental is low

and breeding, transport, temporary jobs and house rental are the four pillars of the village’s income because of its distant location.

In the investigated 40 households of Yanta district, concerning the family’s income resource, most farmers chose temporary jobs, occupying 67.5%, then, orchard and house rental, occupying respectively 40% and 32.5%. The chief orchard income comes from planting landscape trees, fruit trees and vegetables for the geographic advantage, near the city. There are 12.5% of the investigated households whose family members have retirement pays and stable wages, and 10% of the investigated households live on transport, and still another 2.5%, run small shops or do other things. (Table 5.2.2.3).

The distribution of the income structure (table 5.2.2.3).

40

10

67.5

32.5

12.50 2.50

1020304050607080

orchard

temporary

jobs

stable

wage

others

The finding of the investigation about the 40 households in Weiyang district shows that transport, house rental and temporary jobs are the main economic income for the relocate. (Table 5.2.2.2)

(Table 5.2.2.2) the structure of the relocatees’ family economic resources

income way temporary jobs transport stable jobs business enterprise others

percentage 35% 17.5% 15% 10% 0.25% 20%

45

From the 200 households sampled randomly, we can see that the percentage of income from transport and temporary job is higher than the others. The income from house rental is firmly increasing, and will continue to mount gradually with the rising number of the new resettled residents. Presently, about 60% of the relocatees of the third ring road have moved in the new houses, and to earn money by doing temporary jobs remains the relocatee’s major income resource because it’s very convenient for them to do such jobs without enough skills or high technology.

This survey shows us that the government, district, substrict office and village committee have made great efforts to help the landless farmers and the relocatees to restore their production and improve their livelihood. For instance, cooperating with the city’s constructing “village in city” project, many villages consider carefully the relocatee’s resettlement, the new rural construction and “village in city” reconstruction on the whole to rearrange and adjust the new villages’ blueprint so that their new villages are elegant, beautiful and well-distributed. Many villagers are hired to take part in the construction of the third ring road, which increases their incomes. For example, in the construction of the third ring road, there is plenty of construction earth needed to carry away, and the villagers of Xinkaimen village in Yanta district, engage in actively that increase their income. Take Lvjianxin from the second team for an example, he earned 100,000 Yuan in the project and bought a “modern Elantra” car for his family. Xinfang village’ committee of Weiyang district takes pains in exploring merchant opportunity available for leasing for the villagers, and some other villages also invest in building the roads or other fundamental facilities for their villages. Moreover, the weak group of the villagers influenced by the third ring road project also attracts a lot of social attention. For instance, one of the relocatees from the fourth team of Liangjiajie village, Xiwang subdistrict office, Baqiao district, confronted with the incident in building house and injured seriously, so he got 20,000 Yuan medical payment from Xiwang subdistrict office in accordance with his family’s difficulty. Xiwang subdistrict office also sets up a special resettlement group to guide and coordinate villagers to solve various problems in demolition and relocation. And the subdistrict office discusses with the third ring road company to make out a policy “concerning employment service, the landless farmers have the priority to get the job to carry sand, dig or do other things under the same conditions”, which offers the landless farmers the opportunity to earn money.

C. 5.3 The unbalance of the restoration and development of production

and livelihood of the landless farmers and the relocatees

Due to the different economic development regions, the different industrial structures, the different resettlement times, and many reasons, the landless farmers and the relocatees involved in the third ring road project, can not restore their production and improve their livelihood with the same step. And perhaps some villagers’ living conditions will temporarily decrease somehow during the rising period of the overall economic restoration stage. The decrease of some villagers’ living condition means, during transition period, the worse setting condition in their rented

46

houses and the breakdown of their previous income resources (such as no longer without houses to rent, no temporary jobs to earn money, etc.), which cause many troubles in their daily life. Of course, for the landless farmers, to lose their land is the major reason for their worse living condition. For instance, in Xinfang village of Weiyang district, among the 10 investigated households, there are 7 whose living condition get worse in short term because of unemployment, building or losing previous rent. And also, in Tuanjie village of the district, the uncompleted road causes great disadvantages for villagers’ house rental. In all, it takes a long time to develop the relocatees’ newly built houses nearby economy along the third ring road; therefore, the new house’s rent is often lower than the original ones.

D. 5.4. Problems in restoring and developing production and livelihood of

the villagers

The survey reflects that problems existing in restoring and developing production and livelihood of the villagers are as follows:

1. 5.4.1 The overlong transition period of the reco catee

The overlong transition period of the recocatee effects directly their livelihood restoration and production development, which is caused by too many reasons concerning the relocatee’s house construction, such as the new address needing discussion among villagers, some of which even concern the land exchange between teams of the villages; the disagreement on choosing base land resettlement or money resettlement, high building or small yard; the weather constructing house; and the fundamental facilities about water, electricity, road, etc. For example, in Yanta district the planned transition period is a year, but actually speaking, a year is not enough. Dongsanyao village launches its resettlement most early, but one year after the relocatees get their transition payments last Aug., there is no one to move in the new house. Most villagers think that the transition period is too short, and that they make efforts to build new houses after digging the deep well and fixing the transformer in this Mar., and that even the new houses are finished building, for the health reason, the new houses need a dry period, and they cannot move in until next Spring. Example again, Sanqiao village in Weiyang district, the planned transition period is 18 months, but actually for many reasons, not all the villagers move in their new houses with transition payment on hands. And the villagers think the transition period should be extended. But in our view, the transition period can not be extended limitlessly although it shouldn’t be too short. And the degree of concern of the cadres from the district and subdistrict office, and the responsibility and coordinate and manage ability of the villages’ cadres are the main reasons to the extended transition period.

2. 5.4.2 The ill-equipped primary facilities of the new villages

In our survey, the villagers’ disapproval focus on the ill-equipped primary facilities of the new villages, which affects the relocatees’ life directly and seriously? For example, in Sanqiao, Wuyi and Dongaoli villages of Weiyang district, villagers say that

47

the primary facilities like road, water and correspondence are all not well-equipped. Especially, in Dongaoli village, there’s no water, public toilet and well- built road that make life inconvenient and house rental impossible. The phenomenon of the ill-equipped primary facilities exists in all the three districts differently and should be highly focused. For example, the traffic light of the roads and two overpasses of Xinfang village in Weiyang district are not repaired, and there is no street light but many thieves and worse social order in Hutuozhao village. There are still some villagers in Xin village complaining the worse social order and environment. Totally speaking, we must pay attention to the phenomenon that the land expropriation is highly concentrated by the government and society but not the relocatee’s resettlement.

3. 5.4.3 Two primary schools affected seriously

In this survey, we find that the new resettlement of Xinfang primary school is still in constructing, which makes the pupils having classed in temporary classrooms very dangerous, although two persons arranged by village cadres escort the pupils at the school gate everyday. In Dongsanyao primary school of Yanta district, the pupil’s physical education cannot be conducted as before because the school’s playground is expropriated. And there are many noises for outside the school wall there’s the third ring road. After the teacher’s dormitory is demolished, they have to rent houses outside the school, which influences the ordinary life and teaching.

The concentrated problem put forward in this survey is still the too low price of the land expropriated by the third ring road project. The land price is made out according to the document of 2003 without considering the jumping price of the construction material and labor in recent years, which causes the great increase of the construction cost of the new house and, therefore influences the relocatee’ life seriously.

48

VII. CHAPTER ⅥⅥⅥⅥ THE CIRCS THE EXPENSES AND PAYMENTS FOR THE LAND

EXPROPRIATION AND HOUSING DEMOLITION AND RESETTLEME NT

A. 6.1 The Budget and Actual Use of Expenses in Land Expropriation

and Housing Demolition and Resettlement of Third Ring Road Project

The construction fund of Third Ring Road project in Xi’an is provided by Xi’an Infrastructures Construction and Investment Company. The former budget of land expropriation and housing demolition and resettlement fund is 1.7billion RMB, until April 2008, the actual expense amounts to 2.86billion RMB (1.16billion RMB more is expended) for the increasing areas of expropriated land.

The total expenses of land expropriation and housing demolition and relocation is 2,859,843,100RMB (expense of signed contracts is 2,791,343,100RMB; budget of unsigned contracts is 68,500,000RMB). And 2,288,435,200RMB of signed contracts has been paid and 502,907,900RMB of signed contracts has not been paid (16,362,100RMB of Yanta district, 195,823,500RMB of Weiyang district and 209,722,300RMB of Baqiao district).

The related added expense of land expropriation and housing demolition and relocation is 745,019,000RMB, of which management expense is 140,476,200RMB, expense of contract land tax is 27,072,700RMB, expense of resettled land purchase is 186,773,500RMB, resettlement expense of public institutions is 53,510,000RMB, construction expense of public facilities in the new villages is 103,809,800RMB, compensation expense for peasants who lost land is 115,672,100, compensation expense of local public facilities is 110,646,400RMB and the compensation expenses of the angle land between connective roads is 7,508,300RMB.

Until April 2008, the total expense of signed contracts in Baqiao district is 1,262,942,300RMB, of which 9,722,200RMB has been paid and 209,722,300RMB has not been paid (excluding unpaid 31,558,000RMB of junction road of Southeast Third Ring Road). The total expense of signed contracts of Weiyang district is 1,218,795,400RMB, of which 1,022,971,900RMB has been paid and 195,823,500RMB has not been paid. The total expense of signed contracts of Yanta district is 309,605,400RMB, of which 293,243,300RMB has been paid and 16,362,100RMB has not been paid.

Diagram 6.1 Total Area of Land Expropriation and Housing Demolition and Compensation Fund of Third Ring Road Project

Land expropriation Area(mu) Compensation expense (ten thousand RMB)

49

State-owned 1516.81 74203.27

Collective-owned 11523.6

Demolition and relocation

Total number (household)

3884 Area （ ten thousand square meters ）

189.27

Compensation expense (ten thousand RMB)

Household 2856 collective-owned land

183.44

130429.14

Collective enterprise

955

State-owned enterprise and institution

73 State-owned land 5.83

Diagram 6.2 Land Expropriations and Housing Demolition and Relocation Expense of

Third Ring Road Project in Each District Unit: ten thousand RMB Land expropriation expense（ten thousand RMB） Housing demolition and

relocation expense

（ten thousand RMB）

Yanta

district

11203.50 8305.84

Weiyang

district

33755.91 48942.75

Baqiao

district

29243 73180

Total 74203.27 130429

Diagram 6.3 The Added Expenses of Land Expropriation and Housing Demolition and Relocation Unit: ten thousand RMB

Item

district

Managemen

t

expenses

Occupyi

ng farm

land

tax

Expenses

of

resettled

land

purchase

Resettle

-ment

expenses

of

public

institu-

tions

Constructio

n expense

of new

villages’

public

facilities

compensat

ion

expenses

of lost

land

peasants

compensati

on

expenses

of local

public

facilities

compens

ation

expense

s of

triangu

lar

land

Yanta

district

1832.45 704.88 1815 0 1825.15 881.61 3686.28 750.83

Weiyang

district

5703.09 849.33 15651.9 5168 4072.4 2589.8 5128.36 0

Baqiao

district

6512.08 1153.06 1210.45 165 4483.48 8095.8 2250 0

Total 14047.62 2707.27 18677.35 5351 10380.98 11567.2 11064.64 750.83

50

B. 6.2The Fund Process of Land Expropriation and Housing Demolition

and Resettlement of Third Ring Road Project

The work of land expropriation and housing demolition and resettlement is carried out by Sanhuan Company and related local governments, which is mainly promoted by government. The ways of carrying out this project in different districts are similar.

In Yanta district, the local government has organized “Yanta District Leading Group of Supporting Third Ring Road Construction Project”. The headquarter is located in Transportation Bureau and charged mainly by the Transportation Bureau with the cooperation of Construction Bureau and Land Bureau.

In Weiyang district, the local government has organized “Weiyang District Leading and Coordination Group of Land Expropriation and Housing Demolition and Relocation of Third Ring Road Project”. The work of land expropriation is charged by Land Bureau and housing demolition and relocation is charged by Construction Bureau with the cooperation of Housing Demolition and Relocation Office of subdistrit offices.

In Baqiao district, the local government has established “Baqiao District Land Expropriation and Housing Demolition and Relocation of Third Ring Road Project Company” and Housing Demolition and Relocation Office of subdistrit offices. The fund process of land expropriation and housing demolition and resettlement of Third Ring Road Project is carried out with the work of these above mentioned promoting mechanisms.(see diagram 6-1)

Diagram 6-1 The Fund Process of Land Expropriation and Housing Demolition and

Resettlement of Third Ring Road Project

Xi’an Infrastructure Construction and Investment Company.（fund

Xi’an Third Ring Road Construction and Development Limited

Yanta District Leading Group of

Supporting Third Ring Road

（Construction Project located in Land

Bureau, cooperated with Construction

）Bureau and Land Bureau

Baqiao district government

Baoqiao District Housing

Demolition and

Relocation Company

W ei yang D i s t r i c t Lead ing and

Coo rd i na t i on Group (Hous ing

Dem o l i t i on and Re loc a t ion cha rged

，by Cons t ruc t ion Bu reau Land

E xp rop r i a t ion c ha rged by Land

Land Expropriation and Housing Demolition and Relocation Office of subdistrict offices

Enterprise

Hospital

School

Land

Expropriation

and Housing

Demolition

and

Relocation

Land Expropriation and

Housing Demolition and

Relocation Office of subdistrict

offices

51

C. 6.3 Comparison of Budget and Actual Expense of Housing Demolition

and Resettlement Project

According to the resettlement plan made in 2002, the budget of this project is 1.7billion; until April 2008, the actual expense is 2.86billion RMB, with 1.16billion RMB more expended, because of the increasing areas of expropriated and relocated land and other related reasons.

Village Group Farmer

Enterpris

e

Hospital

Village Group Farmer

52

VIII. CHAPTER VII APS’ INFORMED PARTICIPATION, COMP LAINT, PROTECTION OF

WEAK GROUPS AND SOCIAL SECURITY

A. 7.1 Aps’ Informed Participation

This monitoring and evaluation focus on the production and lives recovering and development of the villagers. For the reason that the Third Ring Road construction is near completion, the Aps’ informed participation is not the key monitoring conducted this time for it has been elaborately discussed in the previous three reports. With the settlement, land acquisition and compensation funds being carried out smoothly, there are nearly no problems of the Aps’ informed participation.

B. 7.2 Aps’ Complaint

After this evaluation, we find that the Aps’ channel of complaints is unimpeded. The settlement office, street office and village committee pay great attention to the farmer’s complaint and are able to coordinate and deal with the complaints. In Baqiao District, especially in the jurisdiction of Xiwang street office, the settlement of the farm households is very arduous, and the households to be settled are resentful for their settlement during the land acquisition of Third Ring Road construction. Therefore, Xingwang street office set up the special settlement group, and the cadres of group go to every household to mobilize and persuade them to settle. Meanwhile, the street office also mobilizes the cadres in Bao village to do the settlement work. In addition, the street office awards the households for their active settlement. And they divide this policy into two steps: first, households were awarded 3000-4000 Yuan for their starting base disposal; second, households were awarded 4000-5000 Yuan for their starting to build the first floor. The street office holds the settlement meeting regularly in the afternoon of every Friday, so as to know the settlement problems appearing in the settlement progress and to discuss the specific solutions. With the great efforts of cadres of street office, the settlement for the household takes an obvious speeding up. In recent times, the households beginning their new house building is increasing continuously with over ten new houses being built every month.

During the survey, the households to be settled generally hope that in the construction of new villages, it would be better for the infrustruction to be synchronized or positioned in advance. In Yanta District, during the construction of new villages in East Sanyao village, although they make a unified plan for the road, the construction of the road is not yet put into operation, so that it is inconvenient to transport the material for house building. They newly build the water towers and deep wells, without having considered the terrain and the height of floor, so the water can not reach those households living in high areas. For those households living in a comparatively low area, it is also the case for them to get water or above the second floor. And they also don’t consider the sewer system, so the villagers dig wells and channels for drain pipe

53

by themselves when they built the houses. This not only ensues some troubles for the villagers, but also wastes the resources.

In Baqiao District, Liangjiajie village is the most households to be settled(nearly 700 households) for the land acquisition of Third Ring Road, the whole village is going to remove, of which 465 households settle in alien land and 230 households centralized settle in the buildings. The land acquisition and settlement of the Third Ring Road change their traditional production and living styles (including living styles, interpersonal communication, living customs and the income sources), namely, their original home land is devastated, but the department of Third Ring Road project don’t consider these soft affects during the land acquisition, settlement and compensation, they compensate by the unified compensation standard as usual. The household are not satisfied with the compensation and the settled place far from their original residential district. They are also fully worried about their future, for the reason that their living styles are changed and they have no income sources after losing their land and houses. 80 households still refuse the settlement compensation, 20%households to be settled(about 140households) have already built and live in their new houses, nearly 50%(about 350 households) are building their houses, and nearly 30% (about 210 households) are still in the period of transition, and do not settle. The transition compensation fee has ceased to grant in October, 2007.

The problems and appeals for the private houses which is temporary rented of NanDang primary school: Nandang village is being transformed into a inner city village, and more than half of the villages have removed. Such facilities supply as water, electricity and broadband break off frequently. Only by buying the purified water can the school maintain their daily lives. The infrustruction of private houses is simple, crowded, so that the students are lack of places to play, toilets are blocked, living environment is noisy, so the teaching works face many difficulties. The new school site now becomes the place to pile up garbage. The longer the time delay, the greater the cost of waste disposal. The school construction is urgent.

The problems and appeals of Majiashizi village in Hancheng street: the road surrounded the village don’t open to traffic, so it is inconvenient for people to go out. They hope that the Third Ring Road project and the corresponding road construction will be completed as soon as possible. In addition, the villagers dig a well using the funds deducted from the whole in order to support the daily use of water. Because of the groundwater and capped measures for the well in the north of Xi’an city, the water can’t use for the lower quality with sticking fishy smell, being undrinkable, so that the lives of villagers are inconvenient, and the tenant loss is serious. They hope that the Third Ring Road project can provide the water interface.

By visiting Wuyi village, the more concentrated problems of the people in this village are as follows: first, the pressure of running water is insufficient in the new buildings of the new villages; second, the period of transition for settlement is three years, but only one and half years transition fees are paid, it makes much difference; third, they hope that some practical problems can be implemented, such as the lowest standard of guarantee.

54

C. 7.3Protection of Weak Groups

The weak groups, who are affected in the process of land acquisition and settlement of the Third Ring Road construction, gained the limited assistance. In the project of the Third Ring Road land acquisition, weak groups who lose their land treated as equals as those normal households. And there is no special policy to assist and take care of them. Government settlement office and the civil organization give a certain help to the households within their capability during the settlement. For instance, in Baqiao District, the village committee in Guanting village takes the responsibility for the building house for the two mental deficient households in the village. When they are short for construction funds, the village committee subsidize them more than 3,000 Yuan. In the forth group in Liangjiajie village, when a household is building house, there is an accident, and the builder fall down from the house and become a disabled people. He spends more than 30,000 Yuan in the hospital, and the Xiwang street office subsidizes 20,000 Yuan for his medical expenses according to his family condition. A cadre of the street office says, “There is no special policy and funds for the weak groups in the land acquisition and settlement of the Third Ring Road construction. If some of the households are in hard situations, they can apply for assistance in written document and the street committee will offer them help in accordance with their situations. According to the recent assistance of the street office, only a few households accepted the limited help within limited areas”. In 8-group, Tuanjie village, Weiyang District, Ren Zhen-qing and his wife are 70 years old, they have 3 mental challenged children, and one of them dead. Cadres from Civil Affairs Bureau paid a special visit to them during the spring festival, and the cadres from the districts and towns white-wash their house.

D. 7.4 Social Securities of Farmers Losing Land

The social endowment insurance is not carried out well. After losing the land, the villagers are worried about the future pension fund. The aged villagers are incapable of working and they also lose their means of production, so pension for old has become the real problem. With the raising price of commodities and the poor implementation of the security policy for the farmers losing land during the land acquisition, pension for old problem of the farmers losing land in the Third Ring Road is more conspicuous. The aged people have no direct living sources, and they lose their ability to work, their children also can only support them in a restrained way. Therefore, it is hard for them to live.

Farmers, who are aged and lose their land, are very hard to find jobs. Before they lose their land, they depended on planting to live. But now, they have to change their jobs into non-agricultural occupations. For the reason that they are weak in their knowledge, skills and adaptabilities, it will be more difficult for them to find a good job with decent payment compared with the young people. Households to be settled are basically farmers with little formal schooling, so their production and living means

55

relied on planting for such a long time. It will be more difficult for these aged farmers to adopt themselves to this transformation and find satisfactory jobs.

56

IX. CHAPTER VIII THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATI ON ORGANIZATION

FOR THE LAND EXPROPRIATION, DEMOLITION AND RESETTLE MENT

A. 8.1 The organization of Project execution

The implementation of Third Ring Road project construction, land expropriation, demolition and resettlement is generally managed by Xi’an construction Committee which represents Xi’an government.

As execution organization of the project, Xi’an construction Committee is responsible for the concrete work, such as the funding raising and the management of Third Ring Road project, including the coordination and connection with the ADB. The construction Committee has established a leading group. Under the leading group, the office is established which takes charge of the general management and execution of the project. The members of the group come from some relevant departments of government, such as Development and Reform committee, City management committee, City construction committee, Bureau of finance, Bureau of communication, Bureau of land Management, Bureau of Environmental protection and so on.

Meanwhile, leading organizations of the project of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement have been established correspondingly in the district Yanta, Baqiao, and Weiyang, which are affected by Third Ring Road project.

B. 8.2 The organization of Project implementation

The organization of implementation of Third Ring Road project is Xi’an Third Ring Road construction and development limited Company, which is in charge of the project implementation, execution and cooperation of land expropriation and resettlement. Under the company, the department of land expropriation and resettlement has been established.

In the organization of the Project implementation, the department of land expropriation and resettlement is composed of 5 persons and divided into 3 project divisions: Yanta, Baqiao and Weiyang in detail, which are responsible for dealing with all the daily business such as the land expropriation, demolition and resettlement, negotiating about establishing the local organization of land expropriation and demolition with the affected Subdistrict Offices. The organization of land expropriation and resettlement in Weiyang district has been set up in 2003, and then organizations in Yanta and Baqiao district have been established one after another, responsible for the most important work of the charges settlement and payments etc. The organization of land expropriation, demolition and corporation has been established in every affected district by the project program. It is commanded by district leaders and is composed of five members from various departments of the district administration, including land management, city planning, environmental protection, urban communication and other departments (shown in chart 8-1).

57

Chart 8-1: the organization chart of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement of Third Ring Road project

In each affected subdistrict office (village and town), corresponding organizations

have also been set up. The members are cadres of relevant departments, who are selected from the affected subdistrict offices. And one of the members selected by village committee is nominated to work in the organization of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement, which is responsible for all the business of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement, and is responsible for implementing the plan of resettlement and economic restoration together with subdistict office and village committee.

Xi’an government

Xi’an construction commission (implementation

agency)

The land expropriation, demolition and resettlement office of Xi’an Third Ring project construction and

The offices of the expropriation, demolition and resettlement in each district

The offices of the land expropriation, demolition and

resettlement in each

The coordinating staffs of land expropriation and demolition in each

Asian development

bank

Xi’an academy of social sciences

(External supervision

58

8.3The performance of main responsibilities of the project

implementation organization

In the process of project implementation, Xi’an Third Ring Road construction and

development limited Company has completed several items of business according to the regulated responsibility since 2003, especially from 2005 to 2007. They are as follows:

1) According to the decision of government, it has organized and implemented the work of land expropriation, resettlement and APs’ resettlement and compensation, and has signed agreement with the office of land expropriation, demolition resettlement, and coordination with each district.

2) It has investigated and studied the work of APs’ compensation and

resettlement, heard the opinions of relevant work unit and individual, dealt with APs and relevant people’s opinions and appeals, and responded to them actively and quickly.

3) It has supervised and checked the payment and spending situation of compensation fund of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement.

4) It has given suggestions to districts, subdistrict offices and villages concerting the implementation situation of the plan of compensation payment and relevant issues.

During the process of Third Ring Road project implementation, the office of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement and the affected subdistrict office in every district are mainly responsible for the supervision and implementation of this project in its own territory. It has carried out such tasks as following:

1) It has checked the quantity of the land, house, attachment, infrastructure, particular facilities relevant to land expropriation and demolition and so on in accordance with the job demands of Xi’an Third Ring Road limited Company.

2) According to relevant policies, it has assessed the value of expropriated land and demolished houses and formulated the compensation standard and a definite amount of compensation.

3) It has signed the agreements of land expropriation compensation and resettlement with involved village groups, households, enterprises and institutions, and individual industrial and commercial households.

4) It has paid compensation and relevant expenses (transition fee) to involved village groups, households, enterprises and institutions, and individual industrial and commercial households.

5) It has shouldered concrete implementation job of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement to ensure that the task of residential points construction and resettlement goes on smoothly.

6) It has supervised and checked the payment and spending of compensation fund in every village group, enterprise and institution.

59

7) It has supervised and checked the implementation situation of the plan of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement in subdistrict offices and administrative villages.

8) It has reported the situation of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement to the office of Third Ring Road Company and has offered relevant statistics and data.

C. 8.4 The treatment of the organization of Project implementation

towards opinions and appeals

The organization of Third Ring Road project implementation makes detailed process in order to ensure that the APs’ opinions and appeals concerning the problem of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement can be solved effectively and the APs’ opinions can be disposed fairly and quickly, which not only makes the process simpler and more effective, but also makes the process of the project and the process of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement less affected.

In order to ensure the affected units and people’s benefits and property to be not encroached, the process prescripts that the APs’ opinions and appeals should be reported and disposed by following steps:

1) Firstly, any person with opinions and appeals on land expropriation, demolition and resettlement can submit oral or written opinions to village committee. With the unanswered or unsolved opinions, people can send them to subdistrict office, town administration or the office of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement. Then, if people still cannot gain satisfactory response from above departments within three weeks, they can submit the written opinions to relevant municipal management department directly. As well, they can submit opinions to district or municipal management department directly.

2) Secondly, the leading organization of land expropriation and settlement should solve the received individuals or units’ opinions and appeals within 4 weeks; the affected groups can appeal to district people’s count in written form if they are dissatisfactory with the replies.

3) Thirdly, if the affected individuals or units are still dissatisfactory with adjudication of the district people’s court, they can continue to appeal to Xi’an Intermediate people’s Count, whose adjudication is the finality.

The APs can appeal to every aspect concerning land expropriation, demolition and resettlement, and compensation payment including compensation standard and compensation amount. In the handbooks distributed to the APs, the organization has publicized the concrete opinions and appeal processes. It has also been conveyed to the affected groups in the open meeting before land expropriation and resettlement.

During the whole process of the project construction, the appealing process is efficient, which can ensure that the APs can maintain their legal rights and interests through the process. From the supervision and research of this time, it can be found that the APs’ problems have basically gained the quick response and solve, such as the reconstruction of irrigation facility, lying of the drainpipe and pedestrian sidewalk, the rebuilding of electricity and telecommunication facilities, the reservation and

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construction of ordinary roads and so on. In order to keep the process of appealing and complaint unblocked, another basic measure is both members of the organization and village leaders should publish their names and telephone numbers to the villagers in order to learn APs’ opinions and suggestions timely.

D. 8.5 The capability building of Project implementation organization

In order to guarantee the staff of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement to work smoothly and affectively, the staff of Third Ring Road implementation organization at all levels should possess corresponding qualification in accordance with Xi’an relevant policies and regulations to land expropriation, demolition and resettlement. Before the project of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement, the implementation organization of Third Ring Road Company has organized its staff to accept training. The first training began at July, 2003. Up to the end of 2007, it has held training for times.

In order to ensure its own capability building and affective implementation and management of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement, the project implementation organization has taken measures chiefly as the following:

1) Vertical related organizations should report from lower to higher level monthly; 2) Transverse related organizations should hold a coordinated meeting every

quarter of a year to solve the problems in the project implementation. 3) The suggestions and appeals proposed by the APs should been reported to

superiors level by level by the office of land expropriation, demolition and resettlement. 4) The significant engineering and technological issues found in the project

proceeding should be reported to the immediate leaders timely by the site engineer, or be reported to the superiors bypassing immediate leaders.

5) Some issues between the APs and project contractors can be submitted to village committee and project construction and coordination groups of subdistrict offices and district offices. If the issues are serious, they can be sent to municipal project management organization and leading group;

6) The project implementation organizations should take strict measures of target assessment to restrain the staff of all levels to avoid shirking responsibility or delaying project progress, including the penalty measures for relevant executive people who have caused the accidents.

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X. CHAPTER IX CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. 9.1The basic evaluation of land expropriation, removal and resettlement of

Xi’an Third Ring Road system

1. 9.1.1 Land expropriation, removal and resettleme nt are managed by law strictly

The work of land expropriation, removal and resettlement of Xian Third Ring Road system are carried out on the condition of the cooperation of Xian Third Ring Road Construction and Development Ltd, Co. and each district and sub-district office, mainly implemented by each district and sub-district office. Each district along the road area has found the leading group for land expropriation, removal and settlement and has selected more capable cadres to do this work who are also trained laws and policies. They have mainly learnt “Land Management Law of People’s Republic of China”(Revised in Aug. 2004), “The Management Regulations of Removal in Chinese Urban Cities”(Nov. 2001), “The Management and Implementation Method House Removal Plan in Shaanxi Province”(1st, Nov. 2004), “The Method of Urban City Construction, Removal and Resettlement in Xian”, “The Detailed Regulations of Urban House Removal and Management in Xian”, “The Interim Provisions of Urban Housing Removal and Appraising in Xian”No.62 [2004] Xian Government and regulations and policies in the document No.88 [2004], promulgated by Xian Government. It laid a firm foundation in law for land expropriation, removal and resettlement of Xian Third Ring Road so that the whole process of the work can be carried out according to law strictly.

2. 9.1.2 Human-Oriented and the Resettlement Work i s Going on in Order

The most important task of the Third Ring Road Project is resettling the influenced people. The Third Ring Road company and the administrative bodies for removal and resettlement in every district let the settlement plan in public and invite the masses of the influenced people to discuss, collect the suggestions widely, revise the plan repeatedly until most of people consider the plan is reasonable and feasible in order to make the settlement work to be implemented in order according to the original plan.

3. 9.1.3 The Evaluation of Compensation Standard of Land Expropriation and Satisfaction

(1) Evaluating the satisfaction of compensation standard of land expropriation. According to the document promulgated by the Xi’an Government, the compensation standard of land expropriation is 30.000 RMB/MU (1hm2=15mu). This standard is relatively low comparing with the standard of national expropriation for commercial land and developing projects, but the standard is higher than the compensation

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standard of municipal roads construction in Shaanxi Province, for example, the compensation standard in the construction of Xi’an Highway Circling City in Shaanxi province in 2000 is 6000RMB/MU (1hm2=15mu), the standard in Zaohe River Regulation is 25.000RMB/MU (1hm2=15mu). Third Ring Road construction is the public infrastructure project, belonging to public welfare enterprise, so the 95% peasants tends to be understandable and supported and put their signatures in the Land Expropriation Agreement after the staff’s careful and patient explanation and propagandize working in Land Expropriation and removal office in each district.

(2) The evaluation of compensation standard of land attachment. Yanta District, Weiyang District and Baqiao District have made a practical

compensation standard of land attachment based on their real situation respectively. Yanta District carried out the compensation standard strictly according with the national provincial and city regulations and laws concerned so the 95% masses are satisfied with the standard. In view of the phenomenon of peasant’s rush growing and planting, Baqiao District and Weiyang District implemented the different compensation method, that is the attachment is unified compensated by 5.000-13.000RMB/MU(1hm2=15mu) so that the work has become simple and people’s complain and criticize have become less and less. The 96% masses or more are satisfied with the compensations.

4. 9.1.4 The Evaluation of the Removal and Resettle ment along the Third Ring Road Area

(1) The relocation evaluation of the removal peasants. There are 2856 farmers need to be removed and resettled. By the time of Dec. 2007, the new houses have been built up and the 1312 farmers have lived in the new houses, accounting for 54.1% of the total influenced farmers and have improved by 31.3% compared with the number at the end of the 2006; the under-construction of the new houses are 730, accounting for 25.1%, improved by nearly 10% compared with the number at the end of 2006. The resettlement work is implemented orderly.

(2) Resettlement of enterprises and institutions. The influenced enterprises and institutions are totally 1812, including 42 state enterprises, 1761 private enterprises and individual businesses and 9 institutions (5 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 vocational institute, 1 hospital and 1 research institute).The compensation form of the resettlement for the influenced state enterprises is adopting the disposable monetary compensation; the regulation concerned according to the government document No.88[2003] is implemented for the influenced private enterprises and individual businesses; the Third Ring Road company denotes the money to the institutions, esp. to the primary and middle schools which are specifically settled and coordinated by basic lever governments. At present, the institutions which have completed the resettlement are Xi’an 16th Middle School, the Second People’s Hospital in Weiyang District and the Staff Residential Building Construction of Xi’an Vocational and Technology College founded by Yuhuajie street office. The new location of Xinjiamiao Primary School has been chosen and is under construction; the new location of Nandang Primary School managed by Han Cheng Jie street office has been decided and is going to set off. As a whole, enterprises and institutions are satisfied with the

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removal and the resettlement work and also most of the resettlement of enterprises and institutions are smoothly so that the order of production and life and work turned to normal basically.

B. 9.2 The Existing Problems in the Land Expropriation, Removal and

Resettlement.

1. 9.2.1 Some peasants reflect that the compensatio n of the land expropriation is relatively low.

The land, as a rare resource, its price is ascending constantly. The Third Ring Road Project has been set up in 2002 and its surrounding land price is low universally at that time so city government established the compensation standard of 30.000RMB/MU (hm2=15mu) on the base of the land market price at that time. In the recent years, the land price along the Third Ring Road area is increasing constantly since the development of the Xi’an urban construction and the increasing investment of infrastructure construction, esp. compared the land expropriation for business, the standard of land expropriation of the Third Ring Road is relatively low as a result of the resentments form the masses. But comparing with other civic project, the compensation standard is the highest one. Additionally, the land expropriation standard of the project was produced according to national laws, regulations concerned and referred to the actual situation of the local place at that time so it can be said that this standard is relatively reasonable.

2. 9.2.2 The Problem of Prolonging Transition Perio d

The Policy of Removal and Resettlement of Xi’an Municipal Construction regulated the compensation period of transition period is 6 months. During the implementation of the project, each district has regulated the transition period and the compensation for the relocation households who can not finish the resettlement during 6 months for kinds of objective reasons and has increased the compensation appropriately. This investigation has found that the Third Ring Road Company has adjusted the transition period, most of villages’ transition period of the resettlement has been prolonged from the prescriptive 6 months to 1 year, and some villages have been prolonged to 18 months, such as San Qiao Village, Weiyang District. The cause of influencing the removal household’s resettlement on schedule is more, for instance, some villages’ resettlement plan cannot appear so the homestead cannot transfer in position in time so that affecting the process of the resettlement; some farmers plan to built the new house whose area is larger than the area of the previous house, so the capital quantity for building the new house is increasing, elongated the financing progress so that the transition period is prolonged, etc. From our investigation, the causes of prolonging the transition period are complicated, some are objective while some are subjective and some is the problem of weak coordination of the related government department work. The Third Ring Road Ltd, Co. generally prolongs the transition period and

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supplies certain amount of the compensation for the relocation households for the prolonging transition period caused by the objective reason.

3. 9.2.3 The Problems Occurred in the Process of Tr ansferring the Homestead

Transferring the homestead is a complicated problem among which involving in the adjustment of interests between villages and villagers so it is easily caused the contradiction, esp. the problems occurred during the migrating relocation are more complicated. Some sub-district offices met more obstacle factors during the process of land approval and adjustment, spending much processing time so that time of assigning homestead is prolonged and letting the homestead cannot be assigned to the relocation household as schedule. For example, Caolicun village have assigned the homestead only after one year when the land was expropriated so that affect the recovery of people’s life and production directly. In addition, some homesteads of new villages are far from the previous houses and also their positions further less prosperous, which will affect peasants’ house tenancy income on a long view so that some villagers are dissatisfactory and unwilling to move. For this situation, the Third Ring Road Ltd, Co. each district and sub-district office and the related departments have formulated the monetary reward policy for the resettlement thus the settlement are proceed markedly.

4. 9.2.4 Supporting Infrastructure of the New Villa ges is Weak

The main reasons according to our investigation are as follows: the one reason is that the building process of the relocation household is different so that influencing the public facilities construction(which are constructed only after the completion of the building constructions generally), the other reason is that the different opinions on the public facilities construction between the electric power company, the water supply company and the villages lead to the delay of the construction and influence the people’s daily life. These situations are existing in all the three districts in different degree so it is necessary to pay more attention to the two reasons.

5. 9.2.5 Further Strengthen the Comprehensive Treat ment of the New Villages

At present, all the completed new villages’ appearance are changed more than the situation in the past. These new villages are tidiness and beauty, rational distribution and convenient transportation. Meanwhile, we knew that the immigrant population is increasing for the building lease and lead to a series problems, such as public security and environmental sanitation of which the most important is the public security. It is urgently to formulate the regulations concerned and strengthen the management.

6. 9.2.6 The Existing Problems in the Land Expropriation and Dismantling Work

This investigation reveals that the questions left over concerned in the third supervision report at the beginning of 2007 have been solved and the people are relatively satisfactory. Presently, there are still some unsolved problems.

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Planning Road of Dongsanyao village has not built so that it is inconvenient for transporting building material for the resettlement household. The deep wells and water towers have been built but the height of the topography and the floor have not been considered adequately leading to the situation of no water for the households whose houses are on a higher terrain. As a result, every resettlement household digs the well by themselves, causing the resource waste and the trouble. After dismantled, Nandang Primary School are inconvenient in having classes in the temporary building lease, seriously influencing teachers and students’ teaching and normal life. The surrounding roads of Majiashizi Village managed by Hanchengjie street office have not been built, leading to the extremely inconvenient out-going for the villagers. In addition, the village dig a well for the water supplying using deducting money but it cannot be drank for the worse water quality so that the building lease customers are draining, villagers’ income is decreased and the villagers’ living quality is decreased, either. The elder land lost peasants’ difficulty in employment. So-called the elder peasants are the age classes of 40-50, 50-60. After lost the land, they all-round have turned to non-agriculture profession, because this group is inferior to the young people on knowledge and professional skills and is hard to find a job.

7. 9.2.7 The long-term development problem on produ ction and life of the land lost peasants

This investigation further reveals that the results of influence of the land expropriation of the Third Ring Road in different areas have a larger difference. The villagers of Baqiao District will have no living source from now on for most of the land is expropriated for the Third Ring Road; some villages lost the previous economic location superiority that villagers could gain the economic income by building lease and managing the shop front in the past while after the land expropriation and dismantlement , the operation is affected greatly during the short time because of the land expropriation. While, Yanta District and Weiyang District have had a convenient traffic and at the same time, brought a new businesses because of the construction of the Third Ring Road so that the land and the houses are value-added. Additionally, the project have made the influenced villagers’ economic structure be changed significantly, esp. for the serious land lost villages, the traditional agriculture life meets a serious challenge which never have had. Some villages lost the land year by year in the recent years and this situation is intensified this kind of transformation because of the land expropriation of the project, letting the villagers’ living way for many years meet a great change so the peasants tending to be unprepared and are confused with the future. Especially, the group of middle-age or more, they have no competitiveness on the age and lacking the professional skills so many of them is short of confidence and courage of returning work. At present, governments at all levers of city, district and sub-district office are adopting related method to solve the problems of peasants’ production and life.

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8. 9.2.8 The existing problems on social security o f land lost peasants and vulnerable group

Up to now, rural social security in Xian has not established completely. There is no other social security except for the disposable compensation of the land expropriation to the land lost villagers (land per capita is 0.3mu or more) (hm2=15mu) In 2005, Xi’an government unveils the laws related with social security for the land lost villagers which has attached broad attention from the peasants in the land expropriation and dismantlement areas, but most of the people involved in the Third Ring Road Project not participate in any social security project and just a few people participate in medical insurance and social insurance individually for the restriction of many factors in reality. According to the current policies in Xian, the relocation peasants need to pay a lump sum of Social Endowment Insurance Pension 10186.2RMB-546000RMB respectively on the base of their different age group. According to the current compensation standard of 30.000RMB/MU (hm2=15mu), it can not satisfy the pension by the policies. It is also hard to pay the medical insurance pension for the most of the peasants who have not enough economic conditions. Rural cooperative medical system is not implemented basically in the suburban rural areas along the Third Ring Road area. Furthermore, the peasants themselves are consciousness absence on the social security and lack of enthusiasm and consciousness. It is necessary for the government to formulate more practical measures meeting the needs of the rural area so as to let the peasants gain more social security when receiving the basic living security.

C. 9.3 The Suggestions to the Land Expropriation, Dismentlement and

Resettlement

1. 9.3.1 Pay attention to the lost land peasants an d solve the peasants’ livelihood problems

(1) Arranging for employment of the land lost peasants via multiple channels. According to the characters of land lost peasants’ low education lever, weak professional skills and large proportion of the old and the disabled, it is necessary to solve the employment of land lost peasants via multiple channels. Firstly, it is necessary to propagandize with great enthusiasm the current employment rule, policies and employment situations and educate and guide the peasants to cast off the traditional thoughts in order to adapt to the market changes actively. Secondly, it is necessary to keep on running well the employment training class for land lost peasants and the government takes out parts of the land requisition funds specialized in the lost land peasants’ reemployment training and organize rural labor to output. Thirdly, in the project of borrowing land to attract the investment, the peasants are responsible for the maintenance of making green, environmental sanitation, public security and property in the future. Fourthly, it is necessary to leave over certain area of living place planned unified by village and courage people to develop and operate

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using the rest land. In addition, it is also necessary to compensate the peasants at least two suits of houses, the one is used for their own residence and the other for lease. Thus, it can reduce the living pressure of the peasants after lost land.

(2) The government should give the peasants in the suburb the preferential policies and comparatively loose atmosphere on innovating undertaking and commercial management, try the best to simplify the permitting procedure and reduce the situation of “jamming” in the procedure of peasants’ doing business in order to let the peasants can temporarily recover the life via some methods. It is necessary to be deduction or exemption part of management fees of the peasants self-developed food booth, retail section and vegetable trafficking position under the unified management and maintenance the image of the urban area, via economic benefit from the economic prosperous to make up the management fees.

(3)At present, the main problem should be solved is people’s inconvenient living situation and new building construction , for instance, speeding up the communication of water supply company, electric power company and communication department so as to try for clear road, electrifying and transferring the water upper and lower.

2. 9.3.2 The Reconstruction of Nandang Primary Scho ol Brooks no delay

Nandang Primary School in Weiyang District is removable as a whole and has to rent the civil house in Nandang village to have classes. Presently, Nandang village is implementing the transformation of urban village and most of the villagers moved out so the supporting facilities such as water, electricity and broadband usually interrupt and the school life so teaching are most inconvenient and the surrounding environment of the civic houses is poor and the noise pollution is serious so school work is facing many difficulties. The occupation of the new location of the school for rubbish heap used by the villagers because the school construction has not been undertook. The longer time of delaying will lead to more spending of waste treatment. The construction of Nandang Primary School should be no time to delay.

3. 9.3.3 Speed up Resolving the Social Security Pro blems of Lost land Peasants

(1) Construction of Xian new rural social endowment insurance system has importance and urgency.

We think that Xi’an new rural social endowment insurance system should be established on the financial model of personal payment and financial subsidy mainly, on the fund management model of the accumulation of individual account mainly and on the prestation model of personal account pension combining with national basic pension. According to peasants’ different income lever and willingness of payment, we suggest that the payment can be divided into several levers and carry out the incentive mechanism of paying more and gaining more, finally realize the socialist modernization of new rural social endowment insurance system of “wide coverage, guarantee of the basic, transferability, sustainability”.

(2) Promote the employment of the peasants actively. First of all, according to the ages of the peasants, employment and training willingness, making use of the existing

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teachers, school buildings and equipments of institutions for vocational higher education train the lost land peasants on the aspect of skill, qualification authentication and mound guard and make a guidance of innovative vocation independently. When improving employment ability of the peasants, it is necessary to change the concept of the employment. Secondly, it is necessary to establish the compensation mechanism for the lost land peasants and the compensation funding is from land transferring fee and regulate that the one of the necessary condition to obtain the unemployment compensation is participating the employment training. Thirdly, the labor department in every district should publicize the demanding information of employing enterprises in time and the information for innovating vocation and becoming rich, making sure the straightway information so as to let the peasants’ acquisition and inquiry. Lastly, it is necessary to establish the employment assistant center to supervise the land expropriation enterprises resettle the landless peasants on the base of the agreement in the implementation of the project and supply the legal aid for the landless peasants and establish the placement papers for the landless peasants and know the employment and the flow condition of the landless peasants timely and accurately and run well the work of social security transfer and succession.

（ ）3 Perfecting the social security system of landless peasants. Firstly, it is necessary to determine the reasonable financial system, remitting money from the compensation fund or land transferring fee to establish the landless peasants’ over planning account and individual account of basic pension and medical insurance and each increase of the certain payment will lead to the improvement the certain proportion of pay lever to the landless people covered by the insurance. Secondly, it is necessary to formulate a moderate lever of social security and the social security treatment to the landless people should be joined gradually with the treatment to the urban workers. The landless peasants’ over all planning account can be maintained on the existing payment lever and increasing the proportion of the land transferring fee to remit the money into individual account so as to enlarge the accumulation of the individual account further. Under the condition of the down-regulated replacement rate of the basic pension funds, the overall lever of the landless peasants’ treatment of the pension is at rapidly ascending stage until the treatment lever of the peasant is same with the urban worker’s. Thirdly, specifying the social security funds management of the landless peasants. The social over planning account of the peasants is in the centralized management of the government and the financial department is responsible for the basic funds while the individual account should be in the way of market management, building up the council for social security fund of the landless peasants consisting of villagers’ representatives, village cadres and the staffs of the social security organizations and implementing commission management and supervision to the individual account’s investment and operation.

(4) Exploration of establishment of social security new system of the landless peasants. It should be established the multi-lever social security system on the condition of layered administration mode. The first lever is establishing the overall planning account of basic endowment insurance and basic medical insurance remitted the money from the land expropriation compensation land by the land expropriation

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enterprises or from the land transferring fee by the government and establishing the reserve funds for risk of social security using the financial funds by the government to the first lever subsidy. The second lever is developing the complementary pension and medical insurance, the fund of which is originated from assets income from the collective reserve land and the part of the individual account remitted from the land transferring fee. The third lever is encouraging commercial insurance company to develop the pension insurance and medical insurance of the peasants and making financial aid or subsidy by the financial department according to the different insurance schemes. The peasants’ voluntary saving security can be as the other form of the third lever of pension and medical insurance.

(5) Suggesting prolong the transition period to two years. After the rational evaluation of the spending time for building the new houses to protect the rights and interests of the relocation households in the transitional period, we suggest prolong the resettlement period for two years to the villagers really having the objective reason fro prolonging the transitional period. Thus, the relocation households can not only arrange the building time reasonably, but also conciliate the discontent emotion for the removal.

(6) Issuing the policies of protecting the weak group and maintaining the landless peasants’ legal rights. We think that it is the effective way that establishing the landless peasants’ social security policies in the civic construction to offset the relatively low standard for the land expropriation ensure the landless peasants’ legal right, ease the social contradiction and realize the social justice. At present, it is necessary to set up the social aid system of the weak group, such as the older, the disabled in the civic construction, establish the minimum social living security system of the older landless peasants and the grand-aided system for education of the landless peasants’ children so as to guarantee the basic living condition of the weak group.

XI. APPENDIX 7:PICTURES OF THE NEWLY-BUILT VILLAGES DISMANTLED AND

RESETTLED(21 PIECES)

Buildings for the villagers of Buildings for the relocatees of the

Muwang city village reconstructed Liangjiajie Group 4

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And relocated

Allocation Buildings for Nanniu Village Allocation Buildings for Guanting Village

Appearance of Andi Newly-Built Village Majiashizi Newly-BuiltVillage

Zhuhongbao Newly-built Village New Residence of Zhongying Village Under Construction

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Shop-front houses for the Former The site of the Newly-built Nandong Plant of Construction Materials Primary School

Interviews with the villagers Lease for the newly-built buildings has been held on in Dongsanyao village

Extension line of the East Second Ring Beicheng Junction of the North Third RingUnder Construction

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Newly-Built Villages of Xinjiamiao Village Allocation Buildings for Xinfang Village

New Site For Tuanjie Village New Site for Xinfang Primary School

New Site for Sanqiao Village New Site for Wuyi Village

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Allocation Buildings for Dongaoli Village