results from the 2009 programme for international student assessment (pisa): how does the united...
DESCRIPTION
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST Note: Possible scores range from 0 to 1,000. Trends are not available from 2000 for all subjects due to revised assessment frameworks. * indicates score is significantly different from 2009 score at the pTRANSCRIPT
Results from the 2009 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA):
How does the United States compare to other nations?
December 2010
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Subject2000 Rank
(out of 26)
2003 Rank
(out of 26)
2006 Rank
(out of 26)
2009 Rank
(out of 26)
Reading 14th 14th n/a Tied 10th
Mathematics 17th 22nd 22nd Tied 20th
Science 13th Tied 17th 19th 13th
Source: PISA 2009 Results, OECD
Note: Rankings are for the 26 countries that were members of the OECD and participated in PISA in 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009. 2006 results for U.S. reading performance are not available.
Performance Among the 26 OECD Countries Continuously Participating in PISA Since 2000
U.S. Ranks Low but has Risen Since 2006
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
2000 2003 2006 2009350
400
450
500
550
600
504500
489*
502
483474*
487
PISA – All Subjects
ReadingLinear (Reading)Linear (Reading)Linear (Reading)ScienceMathematics
Aver
age
scal
e sc
ore
Note: Possible scores range from 0 to 1,000. Trends are not available from 2000 for all subjects due to revised assessment frameworks. * indicates score is significantly different from 2009 score at the p<.05 level. Source: “Highlights from PISA 2009,” NCES, 2010
U.S. Performance Over Time
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
2006 2009350
400
450
500
550
600
489*
502498501
United StatesOECD
Aver
age
scal
e sc
ore
Source: “Highlights from PISA 2009,” NCES, 2010
Science Performance on PISA
Note: Possible scores range from 0 to 1,000. * indicates score is significantly different from the 2009 score at the p<.05 level
Source: PISA 2009 results, NCES, Table S3A
2006 2009300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
318*341
412* 433
488*502
567 572
662 662
PISA – Science
5th percentile25th percentile50th percentile75th percentile95th percentile
Aver
age
scal
e sc
ore
* Indicates score is significantly different from 2009 score at the p<.05 level
Improvement Among Average and Lower Performing Students
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Despite some improvements, the U.S. has a long way to go.
Source: “Highlights from PISA 2009,” NCES, 2010
Finlan
dJa
pan
Kore
aNe
w Ze
aland
Cana
daEs
toni
aAu
stra
liaNe
ther
lands
Germ
any
Switz
erlan
d
Unite
d Ki
ngdo
mSlo
veni
aPo
land
Irelan
dBe
lgium
Hung
ary
Unite
d St
ates
OECD
Ave
rage
Czec
h Re
publ
icNo
rway
Denm
ark
Fran
ceIce
land
Swed
enAu
stria
Portu
gal
Slova
k Rep
ublic
Italy
Spain
Luxe
mbo
urg
Gree
ceIsr
ael
Turk
eyCh
ileM
exico
350
400
450
500
550
600 2009 PISA - Science
Aver
age
scal
e sc
ore
OECD
Higher than U.S. average Not measurably different from U.S. average Lower than U.S. average
Of 34 OECD Countries, U.S.A. Ranks17th in Science
U.S.A.
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Low SES students in the U.S. do not compare as well to their international counterparts as
high SES students do . . .
SES alone does not explain performance . . .
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Some students in countries with lower SES perform at higher levels
Source: PISA 2009 Results, OECD, Table II.1.1
-1.50 -1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00350
400
450
500
550
600
Average ESCS score
Aver
age
read
ing
scal
e sc
ore U.S.A.
JapanKorea
Low-SES students in the U.S. are less likely to be high performing than low-SES students in many
other countries . . .
Kore
aFin
land
Japa
nTu
rkey
Cana
daPo
rtuga
lPo
land
New
Zeala
ndSp
ainEs
toni
aNe
ther
lands
Italy
Switz
erlan
dAu
stra
liaOE
CD av
erag
eFr
ance
Belgi
umIre
land
Icelan
dM
exico
Unite
d St
ates
Gree
ceNo
rway
Hung
ary
Swed
enSlo
veni
aCh
ileDe
nmar
kIsr
ael
Unite
d Ki
ngdo
mGe
rman
yCz
ech
Repu
blic
Slova
k Rep
ublic
Luxe
mbo
urg
Aust
ria
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60% PISA 2009 - Reading
Perc
enta
ge o
f Stu
dent
s
Source: PISA 2009 Results, OECD, Table II.3.3
The U.S. is tied for 17th among 34 OECD Countries on the Percentage of Low-SES Students who are High-Performing
U.S.A.OECD
Note: High-performing, low-SES students are those who are in the bottom quarter of the ESCS in their country but perform in the top quarter across students from all countries after accounting for socioeconomic background.
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
U.S. performance doesn’t improve if we consider only native-born
students . . .
Source:
The U.S.A. has a larger percentage of immigrants and children of immigrants than most OECD countries
Luxe
mbo
urg
New
Zeala
ndCa
nada
Switz
erlan
dIsr
ael
Unite
d St
ates
Aust
ralia
Germ
any
Aust
riaBe
lgium
Fran
ceNe
ther
lands
Swed
en
Unite
d Ki
ngdo
mOE
CD av
erag
eSp
ainGr
eece
Denm
ark
Irelan
dEs
toni
aSlo
veni
aNo
rway
Italy
Portu
gal
Finlan
dIce
land
Czec
h Re
publ
icHu
ngar
yM
exico
Slova
k Rep
ublic
Turk
eyCh
ileJa
pan
Polan
dKo
rea
0
10
20
30
40
501st Generation2nd Generation
Perc
enta
ge o
f Stu
dent
s
PISA 200 Results, OECD, Table II.4.1
U.S.A.
OECD
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Within the United States, performance varies widely
across groups of students . . .
Source:
African American and Latino Students Score Far Below White and Asian Counterparts
White African Amer-ican
Latino Asian OECD Average350
400
450
500
550
600
532
435
464
536
501
PISA 2009 – Science
Aver
age
scal
e sc
ore
International Data Explorer, NCES
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
White and Asian students in the U.S. perform near the national averages
of several high-performing economies, but African American
and Latino students do not . . .
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Reading Math Science
White U.S. Students
525 515 532
Canada 524 527 529Estonia 501 512 528Australia 515 514 527New Zealand 521 519 532Japan 520 529 539
Source: PISA 2009 Results, NCES
White Students in the U.S. Perform at about the Same Level as the National Average in Some of the Highest-
Achieving Countries
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Reading Math Science
Asian U.S. Students
541 524 536
Korea 539 546 538Finland 536 541 554Singapore 526 562 542
Source: PISA 2009 Results, NCES
Asian Students in the U.S. Perform at About the Same Level as the National Average in Some of the Highest-
Achieving Economies
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Reading Math Science
African American U.S. Students
441 423 435
Serbia 442 442 443Bulgaria 429 428 439
Source: PISA 2009 Results, NCES
African American Students in the U.S. Perform at About the National Average of Several Lower-Performing
Countries
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Reading Math Science
Latino U.S. Students
466 453 464
Lithuania 468 477 491Turkey 464 445 454Dubai 459 453 466
Source: PISA 2009 Results, NCES
Latino students in the U.S. Perform at About the Same Level as the National Average of Several Lower-
Performing Countries
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
The U.S. is wealthier than and spends more money per pupil than
most other countries, but this spending doesn’t translate into
higher performance . . .
Source: PISA 2009 Results, OECD, Table IV.3.21
Luxe
mbo
urg
Norw
ayUn
ited
Stat
esIre
land
Switz
erlan
dNe
ther
lands
Aust
ralia
Aust
riaSw
eden
Cana
daDe
nmar
kIce
land
Finlan
d
Unite
d Ki
ngdo
mGe
rman
yBe
lgium
Japa
nFr
ance
OECD
aver
age
Spain Ita
lyGr
eece
New
Zeala
ndKo
rea
Slove
nia
Israe
lCz
ech
Repu
blic
Portu
gal
Esto
nia
Slova
k Rep
ublic
Hung
ary
Polan
dM
exico
Chile
Turk
ey
$10,000
$30,000
$50,000
$70,000
$90,000
Per c
apita
GD
P, in
US
dolla
rs
U.S.A.
OECD
The U.S. has the third highest per capita GDP among OECD countries
© 2010 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Luxe
mbo
urg
Unite
d St
ates
Switz
erlan
dNo
rway
Aust
riaIce
land
Denm
ark
Unite
d Ki
ngdo
mSw
eden
Cana
daNe
ther
lands
Belgi
umSlo
veni
aJa
pan
Italy
Irelan
dFr
ance
Sp
ain
Aust
ralia
Finlan
dOE
CD av
erag
eGe
rman
yKo
rea
Portu
gal
Israe
lNe
w Ze
aland
Gree
ceCz
ech
Repu
blic
Hung
ary
Esto
nia
Polan
dSlo
vak R
epub
licCh
ileM
exico
Tu
rkey
$10,000
$30,000
$50,000
$70,000
$90,000
$110,000
$130,000
$150,000
$170,000
Cum
ulati
ve p
er p
upil
expe
nditu
res f
rom
age
6-1
5, in
U
S do
llars
Source: PISA 2009 Results, OECD, Table IV.3.21
U.S.A.
OECD
The U.S. spends more money per student than all but one other OECD country
Source: PISA 2009 Results, OECD, Table IV.3.21
The U.S. spends more money per student than other countries, but students perform at a lower level
$0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 $140,000 $160,000 $180,000350
400
450
500
550
600
Cumulative per pupil expenditures on students aged 6-15, in US dollars
Aver
age
read
ing
scal
e sc
ore U.S.A.
New ZealandFinland
Korea
And only about a third of American students meet reading benchmarks that indicate
readiness for higher-level work.
In the U.S.A., schools with lower SES tend to have larger classes
Source: PISA 2009 Results, OECD, Table II.2.2
The only other OECD countries in which this is true?
Israel, Slovenia, and Turkey
Source: PISA 2009 Results, OECD, Table II.2.2
Source: PISA 2009 Results, OECD, Table IV.3.6
Countries with greater school responsibility over curriculum and assessment generally have higher performance
Note: School responsibility over the curriculum and assessment is measured by an index comprised of the principal’s report of who has responsibility over establishing student assessment policies, determining which textbooks are used, determining course content, and deciding which courses are offered.
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5350
400
450
500
550
600
School responsibility for curriculum and assessment
Aver
age
read
ing
scal
e sc
ore
U.S.A.
Netherlands
Australia Korea
Source: PISA 2009 Results, OECD, Table IV.3.4
Countries in which fewer students are tracked tend to have higher reading performance
0 10 20 30 40 50 60300
350
400
450
500
550
600
Percentage of schools in which principals report students are tracked in all subjects
Aver
age
read
ing
scal
e sc
ore
KoreaFinland
U.S.A.
ChileLuxembourg
Source:
What does all this mean for teaching?• Talk to a peer and make a list of what this
means to you as a teacher. Be ready to share out.