Review of Learning Enzymes are biological catalysts We produce these chemicals, to speed up or

slow down biological changes Enzymes are proteins, long chain molecules of

amino acids Enzyme catalysts are not changed or used up Each enzyme is substance/substrate specific It fits exactly the substance to be changed Enzymes need the right pH and temperature They are denatured by overheating.

Learning Objectives Enzymes from microorganisms have many

uses Proteases and lipases are used in the

manufacture of biological detergents Proteases, carbohydrases and isomerase

are used in food manufacture

Enzymes are used in

Biological Washing powders to digest food stains- protease and lipase enzymes are found in biological washing powders

These washing powders work at lower temperatures so save money

Protease enzymes to pre digest proteins in baby food

Suggest why baby food may need some of the protein food pre digested

These enzymes convert glucose to fructose.

Fructose is much sweeter than glucose so less is needed in foods so they are less fattening so often used in slimming foods

These change starch to sugar syrup for use in foods we use alot of glucose syrup in in food production- look at food labels

Starch is cheap as it is made from corn starch so this is a cheap way of producing sweetness

In industry enzymes can be used to speed up reactions at low temperatures and normal pressures- very useful as many processes would need high temperatures and high pressures to run fast enough without the enzymes

Enzymes are very sensitive to their surroundings

The temperatures must be kept down – below 45 degrees centigrade

pH must be controlled

it costs money to control these things

You have to give the microbes food and oxygen to make the enzyme and remove waste products

List 3 enzymes and how they are used in the food industry

Explain why biological washing powders are more effective than non biological ones at lower temperatures

But they are not more effective at high temperatures

Review of Learning Be able to explain how biological detergents

work

Describe some ways in which enzymes are used in the food industry