Review of Organic Macromolecules

How Structure Meets Function

Question of the day: Do Nutrition Facts Lie?

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Structure of Macromolecules

• Monomers• Polymers

• To build: dehydration synthesis• To break: hydrolysis

Dehydration or Hydrolysis?

Nucleic Acid Monomer

• Nucleotide– 5 carbon sugar– Phosphate group– Nitrogen base

Protein Monomer

• Amino Acid– 20 types– R group varies

Carbohydrate Monomers

• Monosaccharides– Glucose– Fructose – Galactose

C6H12O6

Lipid Monomers and Polymers

• Triglyceride– 3 fatty acids– 1 glycerol

Nucleotide Function

• Transmits hereditary information by providing the codes to make proteins.

Protein Function

• Proteins have very specific shapes which allow for specific functions in living things:– Transport of O2

– Defense against infections– Structure of hair, bones– Movement (muscles)– Chemical reactions (enzymes)

Function of Carbohydrates

• Polysaccharides– Glycogen-Energy storage in animals– Starch-Energy storage in plants– Cellulose-Cell wall structure in plants

Function of Lipids

• A certain type of lipid called a phospholipid forms the cell membrane.

Structure Meets Function

• Nucleic Acids—DNA’s double helix shapeallows it easily to be copied

Structure Meets Function

• Proteins—Protein must have a proper shape in order to work.

Ex. Sickle cell hemoglobin vs. Normal Hemoglobin

Carbohydrate Structure Meets Function

• We can digest starch but we cannot digest cellulose because of the way they are shaped.

Lipid Structure Meets Function

• Saturated Fats—single bonds; solid; bad• Unsaturated fats—double bonds; liquids;

good

Other test topics…

• Structure of an atom and its relationship to the function of bonding.

• Structure of water and water’s important functions (properties)