2º NIVEL BÁSICO

REVISION THIRD TERM

SUMMARY

VERB TENSES:PRESENT TENSES:Present simplePresent continuousPAST TENSES:Past simplePast continuousPresent perfectFUTURE TENSES:Be going to + infinitivePresent continuousWill + infinitive

COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

COUNTABLE / UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

QUANTIFIERS

MODAL VERBS:

Have to ,don’t have to, must, mustn’t, should

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:

SO/ NEITHER

VOCABULARY:- Describing a town or city- Adjectives + prepositions- Modifiers- Illnesses + medicines- Get- Confusing verbs- Animals- Phrasal verbs

PRESENT TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE Form: + I am happy / He is happy / They are happy I play football / He plays football - I am not happy / He is not happy / They are not happy I don’t play football / He doesn’t play football ? Am I happy? / Is he happy? / Are they happy? Do you play football? / Does he play football? Use:- Habits, routine. e.g.Maria smokes- Permanent actions. e.g. Pedro lives in Seville- Eternal truths. e.g. The earth is round

PRESENT TENSES

PRESENT CONTINUOUS Form: + I am playing football / He is playing football / They are

playing fooball - I am not playing football / He is not playing football /

They are not playing football ? Am I playing football? / Is he playing football? / Are

they playing football? Use:- Actions in progress at the moment of speaking in the

present.- Temporary things that are happening now

PAST TENSES

PAST SIMPLE Form: + I was happy / He was happy / They were happy I played football - I was not happy / He was not happy / They were not

happy I did not play football ? Was I happy? / Was he happy? / Were they happy? Did you play football? Use:Past finished actions

PAST TENSES

PAST CONTINUOUS Form: + I was playing / He was playing / They were

playing - I was not playing/ He was not playing / They were

not playing ? Was I playing? / Was he playing? / Were they

playing? Use:Actions in progress at a specific moment in the past

PAST TENSES

PRESENT PERFECT Form: + I have cleaned/ He has cleaned - I haven’t cleaned/ He hasn’t cleaned ? Have you cleaned? / Has he cleaned? Use:- To talk about recent actions, not saying exactly when things happened.

e.g.: My sister has had a baby! / Someone has stolen my bike.- To refer to events which have taken place in our life up to now, but the time

when they exactly happened is not mentioned. e.g.: I have been to China- To refer to actions or situations that started in the past and are still true. e.g.: I have lived in Málaga for 10 years. * Sometimes, those events are repeated, non-permanent actions, that have

taken place in our lives (and we are alive) or during a period of time that hasn’t finished yet and can happen again. e.g.: Ziggy Marley has won three Grammy awards.

PAST TENSES

We use the following adverbials and prepositions with the PRESENT PERFECT:

- just (to say something happened very recently) and already (to say something happened earlier than expected) go before the main verb in positive sentences.

e.g.: I have just finished my homework / I have already phoned Sarah - yet (to ask if something has happened or say it hasn’t happened up to now)

goes at the end in negative sentences and in questions.e.g.: Have you done your homework yet? / I haven’t met Paul’s girlfriend yet.- ever (at any time of your life) goes before the main verb in questions.e.g.: Have you ever broken a bone?- for + a period of time and since + a point of time (to talk about the length of

time.e.g.: I have lived in Spain for 7 years / They have known each other since 1999.

FUTURE TENSES

BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE Form: + I am going to play / He is going to play/ They are going

to play - I am not going to play / He is not going to play/ They

are not going to play ? Am I going to play? / Is he going to play? / Are they

going to play?Use:Future plans. e. g. I’m going to travel to Paris next yearPredictions when there is evidence. e.g. Look! It’s very

cloudy! It’s going to rain

FUTURE TENSES

PRESENT CONTINUOUS Form: + I am playing football / He is playing football /

They are playing fooball - I am not playing football / He is not playing

football / They are not playing football ? Am I playing football? / Is he playing football? /

Are they playing football? Use:Arrangements. e.g. I’m seeing The hobbit next

Friday, I bought the tickets this morning

FUTURE TENSES

WILL+ INFINITIVE Form: + I will play - I will not/won’t play ? Will you play?Use:- Future predictions when there isn’t evidence (it’s just an

opinion). e.g. I think it will not rain on your wedding day, it would be very bad luck.

- Promises, offers and decisions. e.g.: I’ll always love you / Those bags are very heavy, I’ll help you. / I’ll have a tea.

COMPARATIVES

SUPERIORITYAdjectives- Short adjectives (1 syllable): -er

thane.g. He is shorter than you- Two-syllable adjectives ending in –

y: y – i + -er thane.g. You are prettier than her- Long adjectives (2 syllables or

more): more thane.g. Your sofa is more comfortable than

mineAdverbs* -ly adverbs: more thane.g. Please, drive more slowly- Short adverbs (1 syllable): -er thane.g. He drives faster than you

- Long adverbs (2 syllables or more): more than

e.g. He walks more carefully than before

INFERIORITY- Less thane.g. Peter is less talkative than Mary- Not as … ase.g. Paul is not as tall as Sean

EQUALITYAs …as e.g. My book is as big as yours

SUPERLATIVES

SUPERIORITYAdjectives- Short adjectives (1 syllable): the -este.g. He the shortest in his class- Two-syllable adjectives ending in –

y: y – i + -est e.g. You are the prettiest girl I’ve ever

met- Long adjectives (2 syllables or

more): the moste.g. Your sofa is the most comfortable

of allAdverbs* -ly adverbs: the moste.g. He drives the most slowly- Short adverbs (1 syllable): the -este.g. He drives the fastest

- Long adverbs (2 syllables or more): the most

e.g. He walks the most carefully

INFERIORITYThe leaste.g. Peter is the least talkative in the

class

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

COUNTABLE nouns can be counted. They can have plural.

*Remember the following speling rules:- We add -es to nouns in – s, –sh,- ch, -x, -z and to some nouns in -obeach beachespotato potatoes- Nouns ending in “consonant + y” change “y” into “i” and add esactivity activities- Nouns ending in –fe change it to –vesknife knives

UNCOUNTABLE nouns can’t be counted by themselves. You need measure units or expressions to count them.

*Here you have some:A bar of… A bottle of… A bowl of... A can of… A carton of… A cup of... A

littre of... A portion of… A packet of… A piece of… A loaf of… A kilo of...

QUANTIFIERS Affirmative Negative

Interrogative singular countable a/an a/an

a/announs

plural some any anycountable a lot of many

manynouns a few

no

some any anyuncountable a lot of much

muchnouns a little

• no

MODAL VERBS

HAVE TO External obligatione.g. You have to turn you mobile phone off during the exam.

MUST Internal obligation / strong advicee.g. You must try my cake, it’s delicious!

MUSTN’T Prohibitione.g. You mustn’t smoke in class.

DON’T HAVE TO It isn’t necessary e.g. You don’t have to read the book if you don’t want, it’s

optional.SHOULD Advicee.g. You should stop smoking. It’s bad for your health.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

FIRST TYPE Possible situation

If + present simple / will+infinitive ( present simple, imperative, can, going to)

e.g. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the beach.

* TIME CLAUSES have the same combination of tenses but different connectors (when, as soon as, after,…) e.g. I’ll help you when I finish work.

SECOND TYPE Hypothetical/imaginary situation

If + past simple / would+infinitivee.g. If I won the lottery, I would buy a new house.

NOTE:- You can change the order of the clauses in conditional sentences.- “Unless “is also used as a connector in conditional sentences. e.g. We won’t go to the beach,

unless you finish your homework. I wouldn’t buy a luxurious house unless I were rich.

SO/NEITHER

SO It’s used to agree with a positive sentence EXAMPLESHe’s a student, so am IShe can play chess, so can IPete loves swimming, so do IMy boss bought a new car last year, so did IVicky has been to Japan, so have I

NEITHER It’s used to agree with a negative sentenceEXAMPLESHe isn’t good at tennis, neither am ISean can’t play chess, neither can IMery doesn’t like swimming, neither do IShe didn’t go to the party, neither did IMiles hasn’t been to France, neither have I

VOCABULARY

DESCRIBING A TOWN OR CITY

(Vocabulary bank, p. 156)Boring:____________exciting, interestingCrowded:____________emptyDangerous:_____________safeNoisy:___________ polluted

What’s this?

department store

cathedral

mosque shopping centre

statuecastle

church

VOCABULARY

ADJECTIVES+PREPOSITIONS (File 6C)

Are you afraid __________ spiders?ofI don’t often get angry __________ my sisterwithThe house is full __________peopleof I’m not interested __________ politicsinHe is really good __________ dancing, but very bad _________ playing tennisat, atDrinking alcohol is bad __________ your healthforMy mother is famous __________ her chocolate cakeforYour brother is very different __________ youfrom

VOCABULARY

MODIFIERS (File 7C)

____________________

English pronunciation is _____________ difficult____________________________________

incredibly

reallyveryquitea bitnot very

VOCABULARY

ILLNESSES AND MEDICINES (Practical english 4)

What’s the matter?

VOCABULARY

GET (Vocabulary bank, p. 159)

VOCABULARY

CONFUSING VERBS(Vocabulary bank, p. 160)

1. I’ve _________ my best friend for more than 20 years. know or meetknown2. Have you ever _________ a prize. earn or winwon3. Would you _________ money to a good friend? borrow or lendlend4. She has __________ her glasses, and now she is ________ them. lose/ or miss, find or look forlost, looking for5. I ______ that I pass my final exams. wait or hopehope6. Mary is very good at _______ jokes tell or saytelling7. You _______ really sad. What’s wrong? look or look likelook8. Do you mind _________ for a few minutes? hope or waitwaiting9. I don’t like ____________ photos of myself. watch or look atlooking at10. They ___________ at a party last year. meet or knowmet

VOCABULARY

ANIMALS(Vocabulary bank p. 161)What animal is this?

VOCABULARYPHRASAL VERBS (Vocabulary bank p. 163)

sit down

stand up

turn on

turn off

wake up

look

for

put away

throw away

pick up