rfid & retailing jonathan wareham jonathan wareham
TRANSCRIPT
What is RFID?What is RFID?
• RFID is an technology that uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track...
• RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item
What is RFID? -- The TagsWhat is RFID? -- The Tags
• Tags can be read-only or read-write• Tag memory can be factory or field programmed,
partitionable, and optionally permanently locked• Bytes left unlocked can be
rewritten over more than100,000 times
• Tag ID Only
• Programmable Database Pointer
• Mission Critical Information
• Portable Database
• Read Only (Factory Programmed)
• WORM - Write Once, Read Many times
• Reprogrammable (Field Programmable)
• Read/Write (In-Use Programmable)
RFID System BasicsRFID System Basics
Tags can be attached to almost anything:
– pallets or cases of product– vehicles– company assets or personnel– items such as apparel,
luggage, laundry– people, livestock, or pets– high value electronics such
as computers, TVs, camcorders
What is RFID? -- The TagsWhat is RFID? -- The Tags
Are All Tags The Same?Are All Tags The Same?
Basic Types:Active
• Tag transmits radio signal• Battery powered memory,
radio & circuitry• High Read Range (100
meters)Passive
• Tag reflects radio signal from reader
• Reader powered• Shorter Read Range (10cm
– 5 meters)
RFID the Supply Chain
Tag ReaderAntenna Middleware Supply chain execution- Coiled
antenna ofreader creates magnetic field with coiled antenna of tag
- Transmits identification data to a reader
-Transmit data tomiddleware
-Associates tag info with product info
-Process information from reader
-Filters data
-Sends data to backend servers
- Backend SCE or ERPsystems receives Information
How far, how fast, How far, how fast, how much, how many, attached to whathow much, how many, attached to what??
Low FrequencyNo regulationPenetrate materials (water, wood, tissue well)Slow read speedSmall rangeNo penetration of iron and steel
Medium FrequencyLittle data, small distanceThin tagsLow costHigh data ratesGovt regulatedNon mental penetrating
High FrequencyPenetrate materialsSmall tag sizeHigh data transferLong rangeNon-water or tissue penetratingNon-regulated in some regionsexpensive
Where can RFID add value?
From Manufacturing
Into a Store’s Back Room Inventory
On the Shelf At the Cash
Register
Through Distribution Transportation
Out the Door as an anti-theft device
Portal ApplicationsPortal Applications
Bill of LadingMaterial Tracking
Portal ApplicationsPortal Applications
Limited number items at forklift speeds8’ X 10’ doorwaysElectronic receipt & dispatchWrong destination alertElectronic markingPallet/container item tracking
Conveyor / Assembly LineConveyor / Assembly Line
Read / Write OperationsHigher Accuracy than Bar Code
Conveyor / Assembly LineConveyor / Assembly Line
Up to 450 fpm60+ items per containerInexpensive tunnelsLonger tunnel more itemsElectronic receiptSortingElectronic marking
Hand Held Application CategoriesHand Held Application Categories
Wireless Batch
Fixed Station
Application ExamplesApplication Examples
Wireless / Batch
Inventory Management Material Handling
By Destination
Material HandlingInspecting / Maintaining
Material HandlingAggregate / De-aggregate
Where is it? What is it?What is inside the box?
Where is it going? Where has it been?Should it be here?
What have I assembled or disassembled?How many do I have? Do I have enough?
Has this been repaired?Is this under warrantee?Has this been inspected?Is this complete? What is the asset’s status or state?
The HazMat LabelThe HazMat LabelSHIP TO: SHIP FROM:
COMMANDING OFFICER DDSP SUSQUEHANNA, PA 15230
CHEMICAL SUPPLIER CHEMICAL COMPANY INSTITUTE, WV 23456
TCN:
NSN:
CAGE:
MSDS #:
GTIN:
HCC:
AHRIST DATA:
AWHGEAA$0F00090XX
5310011987585
AWHGE 00098756100013CHEM WT:
ABCDE 10000A1
HazMat Smart LabelHazMat Smart Label
Low power > long range 1024 bit memory Read/write/lock on 8 bits Advanced protocol
Efficient multi-id Lock data permanently
12 ms/8 byte read 25ms/byte write Group select Broadcast write 40 tags/second Anti-collision
© Q.E.D. Systems 2003
ApplicationApplication RequirementsRequirements
Wal-Mart - Suppliers will mark inbound cases and pallets with RFID - 1 January 2005 - May, 2003 specification calls for ≈256 bit read/write tag
U.S. Department of Defense - Draft RFID policy to be completed by 18 September 2003 - To issue final policy in July of 2004 that will require suppliers to put passive RFID tags on selected case/pallet packaging by January of 2005. Draft policy calls for passive tags (est. 256 byte) and active tags
Is RFID GPS? Is RFID GPS? NO!NO!
Electronic Article Surveillance
Typically retail theft deterrence applications
Arguably first and most widespread commercial use of RFID
“1-bit” tag Cheap, passive
Electronic Toll Collection
Toll tags speed regular users through toll gates
RFID tag on windshield identifies vehicle and enables toll deduction from account
Railcar Tracking
99% of every North American railcar in interchange service equipped with RFID
Access Control
The ubiquitous employee badge is RFID
Vehicle access– NEXUS border
inspection program at Peace Arch
photo by HID Corporation
Product Recall
Remember Ford and Firestone? TREAD Act RFID pilots underway to track tires from
manufacturer tovehicle
Baggage Tracking
Positive Passenger-Bag Matching initiatives (PPBM)
Bar code systems work today but line-of-sight requirements make complicated solutions
1 to 2 billion tags/year Many pilots to date Tag price is key
Medicine
Counterfeits
Top 100 Suppliers: Suppliers will mark inbound cases and pallets with
RFID - 1 January 2005 - May, 2003 specification calls for ≈256 bit read/write tag
• 1 EPC tag per carton – 100% read on conveyor
• 1 EPC tag per pallet – 100% read at Inbound dock
• Conveyor speed of up to 600 feet per minute
• 3 Texas Distribution Centers
• January 2005
Why???
• Stock management /perishables (field to fork)
• In-stock levels
• Invoice reconciliation: damaged, deductions, performance penalties, etc.
• Scan Based Trading or VMI
• Improved analytics & POS data
• All reads available to suppliers within 30 minutes
Metro Future-Store
• Video RFID Retailing
RFID & Retailing
PRADA
Guidelines for using RFID
• Bar codes cannot be used• Counting versus identification (reverse logistics)• Use of 3Party logistics and suppliers• Data collection is chaotic (battlefields, hospitals,
retails shops)• Exact configuration of the good must be
maintained • Counterfeit protection• High Risk scenarios, drugs, hospitals • Collecting data outside of retailer (smart
refrigerators, medicine cabinets, etc)