1

SYNOPSYS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT

FOR

DISSERTATION

MS. UDAYA SANTHI

FIRST YEAR M.SC (NURSING)

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

YEAR 2012

INDIAN ACADEMY COLLEGE OF NURSING

HENNUR CROSS, HENNUR MAIN ROAD

BANGALORE – 560 043

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA

SYNOPSYS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT

FOR

DISSERTATION

2

1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND

ADDRESS

MS. UDAYA SANTHI

1ST YEAR M.Sc. (NURSING)

INDIAN ACADEMY COLLEGE

OF NURSING,

HENNUR CROSS,HENNUR

MAIN ROAD,

BANGALORE – 560 043

2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION INDIAN ACADEMY COLLEGE

OF NURSING,

HENNUR CROSS, HENNUR

MAIN ROAD

BANGALORE – 560 043

3. COURSE OF THE STUDY AND

SUBJECT

I ST YEAR M.Sc. (NURSING),

COMMUNITY HEALTH

NURSING

4. DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE

COURSE

11/06/2012

5. TITLE OF THE STUDY

“EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO

ASSISSTED TEACHING ON

KNOWLEDGE AND

PRACTICE REGARDING

SELECTED FIRST AID

MEASURES AMONG

NATIONAL SOCIAL SERVICE

STUDENTS IN SELECTED

SCHOOL OF BANGALORE.”

5. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

INTRODUCTION

3

Safety isn't expensive, it’s priceless

- Jerry Smith

Students are the future citizens of the country and have different roles to play. Though

they should devote a greater part of their time in attending to their studies they should spend a

portion of their time in the service of the people. It is needless to say that they get much time

for merry making, playing, amusements, touring etc. apart from their routine life of study.

Students should cultivate the spirit of service from the very formative stage.1

The school is a place where the process of socialization occurs. School children being

more active and adventuresome, they are prone to falls, sports injury, drowning, vehicle

accidents etc. Accidents and injuries are major cause for disability and death among

children.2

NSS is a voluntary association of young people in Schools, Colleges, and Universities

and at +2 levels working for a campus-community linkage. Popularly known as NSS, the

scheme was launched in Gandhiji's Centenary year, 1969. Aimed at developing student's

personality through community service.5

The motto of NSS is "NOT ME BUT YOU". It underlines that the welfare of an

individual is ultimately dependent on the welfare of the society as a whole. This expresses the

essence of democratic living and upholds the need of self-less service and appreciation of the

other man's point of view and also consideration for fellow human beings. Therefore NSS

volunteers shall strive for the well being of the society.5

School health services are comprehensive care to the health and wellbeing of children

throughout the school years. First aid and emergency care are important aspects of school

health.4

First Aid is the temporary help given to an injured or a sick person before professional

medical treatment can be provided. This timely assistance, comprising of simple medical

4

techniques, is most critical to the victims and is, often, life saving. Any layperson can be

trained to administer first aid, which can be carried out using minimal equipments.8

Basic training in first aid skills should be taught in school, in work places and, in

general, be learnt by all, as it is mandatory to our modern and stressful life.

The main aims of first aid are to:

(1) Preserve life (this includes the life of the casualty, bystander and rescuer),

(2) Protect the casualty from further harm (ensure the scene is safe),

(3) Provide pain relief (this could include the use of ice packs or simply applying a sling),

(4) Prevent the injury or illness from becoming worse (ensure that the treatment you provide

does not make the condition worse), and

(5) Provide reassurance. 7

First aid knowledge also increases the social responsibility of the society and strengthens

humanitarian values. An injury is defined as unintentional or intentional damage to the body

resulting from acute exposure to thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy or from

the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen.8

Injuries include unintentional injuries (such as those caused by motor vehicle crashes

and fires) and Intentional injuries (violence and suicide).

Injuries are not accidents. They can be prevented by changing the environment,

individual behaviour, products, social norms, legislation, and governmental and institutional

policy. 5

Injuries requiring medical attention, or resulting in restricted activity, affect more

than 20 million children and adolescents (250 per 1,000 persons) and cost $17 billion

annually for medical treatment.5

The American Red Cross is implementing self-paced Basic First Aid course which

can meet the needs of the student-teacher-nurse in a health education profitable for all. 7

5

First aid remains a core area of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red

Crescent Societies (IFRC). The IFRC is the major first aid educator and provider in the

world. Almost all 186 Red Cross Red Crescent National Societies have first aid as their core

activity. The IFRC believes that first aid is a vital initial step for providing effective and rapid

intervention that helps reduce serious injuries and improve the chance of survival.33

World First Aid Day, 2009 was held on 12 September, using the theme “First Aid

For Humanity”. More than 32 National Societies reached over 20 million people

globally, and more than 760,000 volunteers and staff were mobilised33

A study was conducted to assess the layman knowledge regarding Basic Life Support.

The result shown that only 9.9% know the mouth to mouth respiration.84.28% knew about

the Chest Compression Technique and 79.9% of these know the purpose. Only 14.5% know

how to position the victim to perform Chest Compression Technique.82.48% reported a

frequency below 60/minute.14

A study suggested that video retraining in first aid at 1 week, 1 month and 13 months

after initial training demonstrates better retention of skills compared with no re-training over

this period.13

The process of providing first aid and emergency care knowledge to the students

especially to the volunteer groups like National Social Service is essential as they are the

building blocks of the country.

6.1 NEED OF THE STUDY

.

Accidents are regrettable events that occur when you are unprepared. Accidents can

take place anywhere and at any time. They come without any prior notice. It is absolutely

6

necessary that you brace yourself at all times and be ready just in case an accident occurs.

The best way is to be prepared is if you know first aid, and the only way you can know first

aid is to do a first aid course. First aid courses are very important and highly recommended.18

Injuries–resulting from traffic collisions, drowning, poisoning, falls or burns - and

violence - from assault , self-inflicted violence or acts of war–kill more than five million

people worldwide annually and cause harm to millions more. They account for 9% of global

mortality, and are a threat to health in every country of the world. For every death, it is

estimated that there are dozens of hospitalizations, hundreds of emergency department visits

and thousands of doctors’ appointments. A large proportion of people surviving their injuries

incur temporary or permanent disabilities.26

The unintentional injuries are major causes of emergency department visits

hospitalization, permanent disability and death among children aged 1 to 14 years in South

American countries. The majority of unintentional injuries happen in or near to the home.

Industrial burn injuries result in significant morbidity, infrequent mortality and man-hour

loss, leading to loss of productivity.

The World Health Organization estimates injuries accounted for more than 5 million

deaths in 2005, significantly impacting the global burden of disease. Nearly 3.9 million of

these deaths were due to unintentional injury, a cause also responsible for more than 138

million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost in the same year. More than 90% of the

DALYs lost occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), highlighting the

disproportionate burden that injuries place on developing countries.26

Globally about 16,000 people die of injuries every day and about 58 million people

die every year. This corresponds to an annual mortality rate of 97.9 per 1, 00,000 population.

Mortality due to injury is only the tip of ice berg as millions of people require hospital

7

treatment for several days. According to WHO report 2006, injury accounts for 12.2% of

total burden of diseases. In comparison to other diseases and health conditions, injury

morbidity, mortality and disability account for disproportionate death among children and

young adults. This leads to a major burden on health sector and social welfare services and its

socio economic consequences for the cause as well as loss of productivity.16

India is a home to almost 19% of the world’s children. More than one third of the

country’s population, around 480 million, is below the age of 25 years (54% of the

population). Children are the future of any nation. The healthy existence of children is

essential to build up a challenging nation. India is the home to nearly 500 million young

people among children less than 15 years are 37 %( 37 million).

In 2006 the death increased to 3,14,704 and there was a gradual increase in the rate to

28.7%.The data show 43% increase in total death and 19% increase in rate of death over 10

years. In Karnataka 20,593 accidental deaths were reported in 2006 and the state’s percentage

share to the country’s total accidental death and the rate were 6.5% and 36.5% respectively.

In accidental deaths Karnataka has 13th position in the country. In Karnataka about 1133

children up to the age of 14 is dying every year and it comprises of 5.5% of the total

accidental death. 16

In Bangalore about 99 reported accidental child death occurring every year and it is

3.9% of the total accidental deaths in the city. In 2007 All India accidental death rate was

30% whereas in Karnataka it is 39%.Unnatural accident rate in India was 36.3% whereas in

Karnataka it is 43.2%.The unnatural accidents include road and rail accidents, poisoning,

drowning, fire, falls, electrocution etc.25

One year data from Bangalore shown that 209 children below the age of 18 years died

and 5,505 children brought to the hospital with injury. Majority of the children belonged to

average socio economic house hold and were studying in schools. Nearly one fourth of the

8

total death in children was due to road traffic accidents. These were followed by burns with

17% and falls with 13%.Drowning and poisoning accounts for 6% and 5% respectively. It is

estimated that Bangalore witnesses an average of nearly 10,000 hospitalizations every year.

Road traffic accidents were the leading cause of injury (40%).Falls are the second cause with

19% of injuries. Animal bites, Poisoning, Burns and Assault accounts for 11%, 10%, 9%, and

6% respectively.25

The investigator had personally witnessed, loss of human life in the public and

hospital setting due to lack of appropriate and safe first aid management. From this study, the

investigator will be able to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding first aid measures and

provide teaching programme regarding first aid among the National Service schemes

volunteers (NSS), as they stand in the front line of social service to save the life of the public.

Based on so much literatures and investigator’s experience, it is felt that it is essential

to give adequate knowledge about first aid and emergency care to school children especially

to groups like National social services. At the time of accidents, disasters, mass casualty’setc.

National social service has significant role in rescue services. The knowledge regarding first

aid and emergency care in addition to the physical and adventurous training to National social

service help them to play a major role in emergency management in adverse conditions where

the medical professionals find difficulty to reach.For this reason, investigator selected this

topic to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding first aid measures among National

service scheme volunteers and thereby to provide adequate information about first aid

measures in selected situations.

9

6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Review of literature is a key step in the research process. It refers to an extensive,

exhaustive and systematic examination of publications relevant to the research. A literature

10

review helps to lay the foundation for a study and can also inspire new ideas. It can help with

orientation to what is known about an area of enquiry to ascertain what research can best

make a contribution to the existing base of evidence.28

Literature review was done for the following heading:

Section A: General information about First Aid measures

Section B: Knowledge and practice regarding selected first aid measures

Section C: Interventions on First Aid measures.

Section A: General information about First Aid measures

Martins CB,  Andrade SM. (2008) conducted a study on accidents with foreign bodies

in children less than 15 years of age: epidemiological analysis of first aid services,

hospitalizations, and deaths. This study aims to analyze accidents involving foreign bodies

among children less than 15 years of age residing in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil, in terms

of first aid, hospitalization, and death (2001). Data were obtained from general hospital

records and the Municipal Mortality Database. A total of 434 accidents were analyzed, with a

3.7% hospitalization rate and 0.7% mortality. Boys predominated (53.7%), and the incidence

rate was highest among children one to three years of age (7.2 per 1,000 children). Foreign

body penetration in natural orifices (eyes, nostrils, and ears) accounted for 94%,

inhalation/ingestion of food 2.8%, inhalation/ingestion of objects 2.5%, and aspiration of

gastric contents 0.7%, and these causes accounted for all the deaths. The results contribute to

epidemiological knowledge on such accidents and indicate the need to restructure health

services in order to decentralize care for less complex injuries, besides emphasizing the need

for preventive measures.21

11

Bollig G, Wahl HA ., (2009) conducted a study to determine if a first aid teaching

program including 5 lessons (45 min each) of theoretical and practical training for 6-7-year-

old children can influence their performance in a first aid scenario.228 primary school

children at the age of 6-7 years were included in the study, 102 girls and 126 boys. One child

was 5 years old. 117 children were taught basic first aid measures and 111 without training

served as control group. In the test scenario the children had to provide first aid to an

unconscious victim after a cycle accident. The course participants were retested after 6

months. Statistically significant differences between course participants compared to those

without training could be shown for all tested subjects, including correct assessment of

consciousness (p<0.001), correct assessment of breathing (p<0.001), knowledge of the

correct emergency telephone number (p<0.001), giving correct emergency call information

(p<0.001), knowledge of correct recovery position (p<0.001), correct airway management

(p<0.001). Retesting after 6 months showed statistically significant differences for 5 of 6

tested items.6-7-Year-old children can give basic first aid to an unconscious patient. A course

with 5 lessons leads to a significant increase in first aid knowledge and

ills. Knowledge retention is good after 6 months. All primary school children should

receive first aid training starting in first grade.19

Myklebust AG, Østringen K ., (2011). Conducted a study on mixed methods

approach using both quantitative and qualitative methods was used to investigate the effects

of teaching first aid in the kindergarten in the present study. 10 kindergarten children at the

age of 4-5 years were included in a pilot-study, 5 girls and 5 boys. Three of them were four

years and seven were five years old. Two months after completion of the first aid course

12

children were tested in a scenario where the children had to provide first aid to an

unconscious victim after a cycle accident. The next seven months the children were followed

by participant observation. The findings suggest that 4-5-year-old children are able to learn

and apply basic first aid. Tested two months after course completion 70% of the children

assessed consciousness correctly and knew the correct emergency telephone number; 60%

showed correct assessment of breathing and 40% of the participants accomplished the other

tasks (giving correct emergency call information, knowledge of correct recovery position,

correct airway management) correctly. Many of the children showed their capabilities to do

so in a first aid scenario although some participants showed fear of failure in the test scenario.

In an informal group testing most of these children could perform first aid measures, too.

Teaching first aid also lead to more active helping behaviour and increased empathy in the

children.20

Section B: Knowledge and practice regarding selected first aid measures

Abbas A, Bukhari SI, Ahmad F., (2011) conducted a study on Knowledge of first

aid and basic life support amongst medical students: a comparison between trained and un-

trained students. This study was conducted on a convenience sample of 250 (125 trained and

125 untrained) medical students. A pre-tested self administered questionnaire was used for

data collection. The questionnaire covered all the major topics of FA-BLS. Amongst the

trained students 99 (79.2%) had been trained at their respective medical colleges. The correct

responses by the trained students were significantly better than untrained students regarding

CPR, Recovery position, Asthma and Bleeding. The mean number of correct answers for

trained students was 6.13 +/- 2.1 while 4.94 +/- 2.06 out of the total 13 questions for

untrained students .Although the knowledge of trained students was found to be better than

those of untrained students yet the mean of trained students was less than 50% which is not

13

satisfactory. In order to improve the knowledge of medical students on first aid,

their knowledge should be reinforced every year.22

Miller and Spicer (2007), A study was conducted with an objective to assess the

knowledge and practices of urban and rural high school children regarding minor injuries.112

urban and 110 rural high school students were selected. A variety of local application for

wound was described. Burnoil, Vaseline, talcum powder, mercurome were told only by urban

students, irritating on wound was told by rural students. Washing of wound with water, use of

turmeric, ointment, Dettol, spirit, sucking were told by urban students, while more of rural

students told about use of mustard oil and other oils. Need of tetanus toxoid and immediate

washing of wound was told more by urban students. Need for relevant health education was

emphasized.15

Prabhjot Saini, P Ranadive, et.al. (2009) conducted a study with an objective to

determine the knowledge on burn prevention and first aid for burns in grade five Cambodian

school children. A 34 question was developed. A total of 420 students were surveyed.

Average age was 12.5 years.55% were females. The result shows 74% routinely cared for

other children. Only 52% has TV at home but still 78% managed to watch TV for an average

of 2 hours/day.36% of students indicated they had received information of first aid. Only 7%

knew to roll on the ground if their clothes caught fire and nearly 50% would pour water on a

burning pot of oil. This study suggests that a television burn prevention campaign could be an

effective method to improve their knowledge especially if it was endorsed by an authority

figure.6

Ameer Zaighum (2006), conducted a field study of first aid on knowledge and

attitudes of college students in Kuwait University. A random sample of 562 students

completed a questionnaire including demographic data; 20 questions testing knowledge.

14

Overall, students scored 0.49 for knowledge and 2.30 (of a maximum 3) for attitude. Analysis

using Student's t-test found significantly higher mean scores for females in high knowledge,

attitude to importance and overall attitude; for 18-23 year olds vs. 24-29 year olds for attitude

to importance; for 'science' colleges vs. 'literary' colleges for all categories except high

knowledge; for training for attitude to resources; and for study for all categories except low

knowledge. One-way ANOVA across years of university attendance showed no significant

difference. Individuals were grouped into those with excellent, medium and poor knowledge

and one-way ANOVA performed across these groups for all the categories of knowledge and

attitude. The results showed a close correlation between knowledge and attitude. More

training and coursework in first aid at Kuwait University appears to be warranted, with males

and those in 'literary' colleges especially targeted 17

Parnell M, Pearson (2006), A study was conducted with an objective to assess the

knowledge and attitude of New Zealand High school students towards resuscitation.

Questionnaires were administered to 494 students aged 16-17 years across six High Schools

across Wellington. The result showed that students had poor theoretical knowledge with a

mean (SD) score of 5.61(2.61) out of a maximum score of 18.Although there was no

difference between male and female students those who had received previous training (70%)

showed greater knowledge(6.04%)(2.56) than their untrained counter parts(4.94%)(2.24%)

P=0.001.Students with positive attitude towards Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation(CPR) and

first aid(63%) acquired higher knowledge scores (6.12%)(2.24%).Introducing CPR training

to high schools is still recommended.29

Section C: Interventions on First Aid measures.

. Delavar MA, Gholami G, (2012) conducted a study to assess the knowledge, attitude

and practices of relief workers posted in rescue and relief bases of the Red Crescent Society

15

of Mazandaran province of Iran during Nouroz holidays. Two hundred and nineteen relief

workers were selected as the study sample from thirteen Norouz rescue and relief bases of

Red Crescent Society in Mazandaran province, which has 13 cities, for this cross-sectional

descriptive study. Through a cluster random sampling, a pre- tested, structured and validated

questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and attitude of relief workers. A practical test

with a check list was used to assess their practices. The data were analyzed by t test and

analysis of variance. The relief workers had an average knowledge score of 56.5% and

attitude score of 52.9% on first aid. There was significant difference between knowledge and

education level (p<0.0001). Of the total relief workers, 83% knew how to correctly perform a

Cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), while 94 percent reported that they did not know how

to perform endotracheal intubation. Relief workers demonstrated moderate level

of knowledge, attitude and practices towards first aid. Capacity building of relief workers

on first aid will help to reduce morbidity and mortality. 24

Afrasyab Khan,Sumaira Shaikh .,(2010)conducted a cross-sectional study to assess

knowledge, attitude and practices of first aid measures in undergraduate students of

Karachi.The study was carried out at six colleges of Karachi, three of which were medical

colleges and three non-medical colleges. Knowledge was assessed regarding various

emergency situations with the help of a questionnaire. The target population size was 460,

based on 50% prevalence and 95% confidence interval. The eventual sample size achieved

was 446.A total of 446 students were interviewed. Seventy eight students (17.5%) had formal

First Aid (FA) training. The mean number of correct answers of students with FA training

was 10.3 (± 3.5) as opposed to 8.58 (± 4.0) in those without FA training (p<0.001, 95% CI)

with a mean difference of 7.84%. The mean number of correct answers by medical students

with FA training was 11.2 (± 2.9) as opposed to 7.2 (± 3.43) by non-medical students

(p<0.001, 95% CI) with a mean difference of 18.14%. Students having received formal first

16

aid training scored better than those who had not (p<0.001).First aid training programmes

should be introduced at school and college level in developing countries to decrease the early

mortality and morbidity of accidents and emergencies.23

6.3 (A) STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

‘The study to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge and

practice regarding selected First Aid measures among National Social Service Students in

selected school of Bangalore.’’

6.4 (B) OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

17

The objectives of the study are:-

To assess the knowledge of NSS students of selected school at Bangalore regarding

selected first aid measures at selected schools of Bangalore.

To assess the level of practice of NSS students regarding selected first aid measures at

selected schools of Bangalore.

To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching program on knowledge

regarding selected first aid measures among NSS students

To correlate the posttest knowledge with level of practice regarding selected first aid

measures among NSS students.

To determine an association between the pre-test knowledge score of NSS students

with selected socio- demographic variables

6.5 (C) OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

Evaluate:

It refers to judge or study the significance, worth or quality of video assisted teaching

on selected first aid measures among NSS students of selected school of Bangalore

18

Effectiveness

It refers to the quality or capacity of being able to bring a change after video

assisted teaching on selected first aid measures among the NSS students of selected

school of Bangalore.

Video teaching programme:-

It refers to multimedia teaching on which organized and sequential representation

of information regarding selected first aid measures among NSS students of selected

school of Bangalore.

Knowledge :

It refers to the understanding of or information regarding selected first aid measures

among NSS students in selected school at Bangalore.

Practice:

It refers to the ability to perform or carry out the task and activities regarding selected

first aid measures among NSS students in selected schools

First aid measures:

It refers to the basic medical treatment which is given to someone immediately after

they have been hurt in an accident or suddenly become ill before regular medical aid can

19

be obtained. In this study it refers to first aid measures for selected conditions such as

falls, drowning, burns, bites, fainting and accidents.

National Social Service School students:-

It refers to the students enrolled in social services who are pursuing higher education in

selected school, Bangalore.

6.6 (D) RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

H1: There will be significant difference in the level of knowledge regarding selected first

aid measures among NSS student in selected schools after post test.

H1: There will be significant difference in the level of practice regarding selected first aid

measures among NSS student in selected schools after post test.

6.7(E) LIMITATIONS

The study is limited to NSS students who are available during the data collection.

The study is limited only for 4 weeks

The study is limited only to NSS students.

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS

20

This chapter gives a pre-experimental method research design, variables, the

setting of the study, research tool, and methods of data collection and plan for data

analysis.

7.1 Sources of data

Data will be collected from NSS students aged between 12-15 years who were

studying in selected schools, Bangalore.

7.2 Methods of data collection

I. Research design

Pre experimental method were adopted by the researcher for this study

II. Research approach

One group pre-test posttest approach

III. Population

The target populations of the study will be all the NSS students who are studying 6-

10th class in selected schools, Bangalore.

IV. Sample size

60 NSS students who met inclusion criteria.

V. Variables

Dependent variables

Knowledge and practice of NSS students in selected school at Bangalore

Independent variables

Video assisted teaching programme on selected first aid among NSS students

Demographic variables

21

Age, Sex, Class of study, Duration of being as a NSS, Previous participation

in a class regarding first aid measures, Participation as a first aid team member,

previous exposure to a programme regarding first aid measures

VI. Setting

The study is conducted in selected high schools Bangalore.

VII. Criteria for sample selection

a) Inclusion criteria

- Male and female students who were studying and enrolled in NSS

-NSS students who know to read and write English and Kannada language

- NSS students who are present at time of study

b) Exclusion criteria

NSS students who are not willing to participate in the study

Students who are not enrolled in NSS

VIII. Sampling Technique

Non probability –purposive or judgmental type of sampling technique.

IX. Tool for data collection

Content validity of tool will be ascertained with the help of the guide and experts in

field of community health nursing. Reliability of tool will be establishing by split half

method. The tentative period for data collection will be for 4 weeks done

X. Methods of data collection

22

Data collection tool consisting of Demographic Performa and a structured

questionnaire schedule, to assess the knowledge of student regarding first aid

measures on health. The practice will be assessed by using checklist.

XI. Plan for data analysis

The data will be analyses by using descriptive and inferential statistics, Statistical

analysis

a) Descriptive statistics

Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, percentage distribution, will be used to

assess the knowledge regarding first aid measures.

b) Inferential statistics

Paired’ t’ will be done to compare the pre and post-test knowledge scores regarding

selected first aid measures .A chi –square test (X2) will be used to determine

association between the knowledge score and selected demographic variable.

Correlation test will be used to determine the post test knowledge with the level of

practice regarding first aid measures among NSS students.

Projected outcomes

After the study, the NSS students will be able to perform first aid measures.

Does the study require any investigation or intervention to the patient or other

human being or animal?

No

Only a structured teaching programme will be given for the sample as

intervention

Has ethical clearance been obtained from the concerned authority to conduct

the study?

23

Yes

- Ethical clearance will be obtained from Indian Academy College of Nursing

Bangalore-43

- Confidentially and anonymity of the subjects will be maintained

8. Bibliography

24

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techniques

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7. Ajay Singh. First aid and emergency care. 8th editions.Published by -N.R Brothers:

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Services.html#ixzz2GsDYdVwF

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25

14. Parker M C, Health Education for the preadolescent: Basic first aid, J School Health

49(5):266

15. Miller and Spicer; Legal Liability: The consequences of School injury, Journal of

school health, Vol.77, Issue 5, page 273-279; 2007 April 6.

16. World Health Organization, Global burden of Diseases estimates, 2006.

17. A field study of first aid knowledge and attitudes of college students in Kuwait

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9. Signature of the candidate :

10. Remarks of the guide :

11. Name and designation of :

11.1 Guide

11.2 Signature :

11.3 Co-guide :

11.4 Signature :

11.5 Head of the department :

11.6 Signature :

12. Remarks of the Principal :

12.1 Signature :

28