rhel 4 installation steps-p

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RHEL 4(2.6 95EL) INSTALLATION STEPS Date: 14-10-2008

Insert the Red hat cd in the system.

Change the setting in BIOS – boot with cd and follow the instruction.

To install or upgrade in graphical mode, press the <Enter> keyTo install or upgrade in text mode, type: Linux text <enter>Use the function keys listed below for more information

Boot:

•

I have pressed enter key

Cd media test will occur either we can test or skip the same.

• I have skipped

Welcome window click next

Language selection – English – Click next

Select the appropriate keyboard for the system – U.S. English

Options to select automatic or manual partitions

• I have chosen manual partitions.

While creating partition you will be having the following options.

New, Edit, Delete, Reset, RAID, LVM

Go to New and select mount point.

File system options: ext3, physical volume (LVM), software RAID, SWAP, VFAT



1st partition = /boot = 100mb – select ext3

2nd partition = / =8 GB – select ext3

3rd

SWAP = 11/2 half of the Main RAM

Rest of the partition based on project requirement

Note: only three primary partitions can be created and rest will be considered as extended.

After partitions click on next, you will get GRUB window where you can edit boot loader

You can configure the boot loader to boot with other operating systems. It will allow youto select an operating system to boot form the list. To add the additional operating systems,

which are not automatically detected?

It will be having the following default options.

Add, Edit, Delete.

Even you can set the boot loader password: prevents users form changing options passed tothe kernel.

Clic Next,

Network devices

You will get an option to configure eth0 – DHCP or STATIC ip.

Next Firewall Configuration

No FirewallEnable Firewall

I have chosen no firewall.

If we enable the firewall following options/services are get enabled by default

Remote Login (SSH)

Web server (HTTP, HTTPS)

File Transfer (FTP)

Mail Server (SMTP)



There is a one more options is SELinux.

Additional language support – English (U.S.A)

Time Zone selection: Asia/Calcutta

Set Root Password

Package Installation Defaults: you will get two options

It’s a server OR customizes installation.

Desktops options:

Default or customize

X Window systemGnome desktop environmentKDE( K desktop environment)

Applications

EditorsEngineering and scientificGraphical InternetText-based InternetOffice/ProductivitySound and videoAuthoring and publishingGraphicsGames and entertainment

Servers

Server configuration toolsWeb server Mail server Windows file server DNS name server ftp server postgreSQL databaseMySQL Database News Server Network serversLegacy network server



Development

Development toolsX Software DevelopmentGnome software developmentKDE s/w developmentLegacy s/w development

System

Administration ToolsSystem ToolsPrinting Support

Miscellaneous

EverythingMinimal

Click next, installation will start and ask for appropriate cd’s.

NOTE: Default installation will take 20 minutes.



Command: Red color

Examples : Green color

Paths : blue color

Basic setting

Changing host name

$ hostname name

By executing the above command it will set temporarily system name but once yourestart the system it will take his old system name.

To set the permanent system name we need to enter the system name in the network filewhich is located in the below path.

$ Vi /etc/sysconfig/network

Example:

[renukka@edsm5cae01 ~]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/networkNETWORKING=yesNETWORKING_IPV6=no

HOSTNAME=edsm5cae01 # Here we enter the host name.NISDOMAIN=qgblrnis

Even enter the ipaddr with host name in /etc/hosts file with.

Configuring IP address

We can configure the ip addr using 3 steps

1. Using command2. by editing the network files3. by running the setup command or by graphical window



Command:

Ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0route add default gw 192.168.1.254 eth0

After restarting system or network service, ip configured throughcommand will be vanished. To set permanent an entry has to be done inthe below mention path.

Path: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts

Edit the file: ifcfg-eth0

Or run a $ setup command

Example:DEVICE=eth0BOOTPROTO=noneHWADDR=00:1d:09:64:a2:81ONBOOT=yesIPADDR=10.124.5.220NETMASK=255.255.255.0GATEWAY=10.124.5.1 TYPE=EthernetUSERCTL=no

IPV6INIT=noPEERDNS=yes#ETHTOOL_OPTS="speed 100 duplex full"ETHTOOL_OPTIONS="speed=100 duplex=full"



$ domainname : to check which domain

NFSConfiguring User home directory using NFS

Make full path of dir(shareable) entries in /etc/exports.

Example[renukka@edsm5cae01 ~]$ cat /etc/exports#/home/user1 *(rw,async,insecure_locks,insecure,no_root_squash)

/home/tmp1 *(rw,async,insecure_locks,insecure,no_root_squash)/home/CAE_projects *(rw,async,insecure_locks,insecure,no_root_squash)

NOTE : need to know about :*(rw,async,insecure_locks,insecure,no_root_squash)

[renukka@edsm5cae01 ~]$Reload the service nfs

$service nfs reload ( other wise it is not possible to mount)

$exportfs –a$exportsfs –v $exportsfs –r

[root@edsm5cae01 ~]# exportfs -v/home/CAE_projects

<world>(rw,async,wdelay,insecure,no_root_squash,no_subtree _check,insecure_locks,anonuid=65534,

/home/user1

<world>(rw,async,wdelay,insecure,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,insecure_locks,anonuid=65534,/home/tmp1

<world>(rw,async,wdelay,insecure,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,insecure_locks,anonuid=65534,

Note: don’t mount directly on root dir



I have done the same and faced problem to login and not able toumount.

Start the below mention demons

NfsNfslockPortmap

In client machine check by mounting the shared folder.

If we made entry in fstabmount -a command activate the mount

Configuring nfs with automount.

Step1: Enter the share name and file (auto.user) in /etc/auto.master file.

FILE name : where we enter the path of the dirExample:

[renukka@edsm5cae01 ~]$ cat /etc/auto.master# $Id: auto.master,v 1.2 1997/10/06 21:52:03 hpa Exp $# Sample auto.master file# Format of this file:# mountpoint map options# For details of the format look at autofs(8).# /misc /etc/auto.misc --timeout=60#/home /etc/auto.home --timeout=60##/user auto.user --timeout=60

/proj auto.proj --timeout=60# /proj auto.proj --timeout=60/admin auto.admin --timeout=60

Step2: Create a auto.user file in /etc

Enter the users entries and login path in auto.user file.



Example:-

kirdede -rw,soft,intr edsm5cae01:/home/user1/&renukka -rw,soft,intr edsm5cae01:/home/user1/&

kiransh -rw,soft,intr edsm5cae01:/home/user1/&kiranhub -rw,soft,intr edsm5cae01:/home/user1/&kiruan -rw,soft,intr edsm5cae01:/home/user1/&vuppala -rw,soft,intr edsm5cae01:/home/user1/&srigaan -rw,soft,intr edsm5cae01:/home/user1/&

Note : Need to edit the exact path in /etc/passwd also then only usershome dir will mount in remote dir.

Problem faced:

We configure the autofs, where user home dir should mount on theclient.But when we try to login it through the below error.

Error:

No directory /user/san!

Logging in with home = “/”.-basg-3.00$ pwd/

When we check logs in NIS server it through the below message.

Vi /var/log/messages

Error:

Dec 17 10:18:26 edsm5cae01 ypserv[2259]: refused connect from192.168.1.13:1013 to procedure ypproc_match (qgblrniz,auto.user;-4)

Solution:



We need make entries even in Makefile, which updates databasesfrequently.

Vi /var/yp/Makefile

Step 3: Enter the auto.user file name in /var/yp/Makefile

Vi Makefile

Need to put entry in this line……

# These are the files from which the NIS databases are built. You mayedit

# these to taste in the event that you wish to keep your NIS source files# seperate from your NIS server's actual configuration files.

NETID = $(YPSRCDIR)/netidAMD_HOME = $(YPSRCDIR)/amd.homeAUTO_MASTER = $(YPSRCDIR)/auto.masterAUTO_PROJ = $(YPSRCDIR)/auto.projAUTO_ADMIN = $(YPSRCDIR)/auto.adminAUTO_USER = $(YPSRCDIR)/auto.userAUTO_APPS_LINUX = $(YPSRCDIR)/auto.apps.linux

AUTO_APPS_HPUX = $(YPSRCDIR)/auto.apps.hpuxAUTO_APPS_IA64 = $(YPSRCDIR)/auto.apps.ia64AUTO_HOME = $(YPSRCDIR)/auto.homeAUTO_LOCAL = $(YPSRCDIR)/auto.local TIMEZONE = $(YPSRCDIR)/timezoneLOCALE = $(YPSRCDIR)/localeNETMASKS = $(YPSRCDIR)/netmasks

Second entry

all: passwd group hosts rpc services netid protocols mail \ auto.master auto.proj auto.user auto.apps.linux auto.apps.hpux \

auto.apps.ia64 auto.admin \# netgrp shadow publickey networks ethers bootparams printcap \# amd.home auto.master auto.home auto.local passwd.adjunct \



# timezone locale netmasks`

3rd entry

Copy the auto.master and below lines and edit the copied one.

auto.master: $(AUTO_MASTER) $(YPDIR)/Makefile@echo "Updating $@..."-@sed -e "/^#/d" -e s/#.*$$// $(AUTO_MASTER) | $(DBLOAD) \

-i $(AUTO_MASTER) -o $(YPMAPDIR)/$@ - $@-@$(NOPUSH) || $(YPPUSH) -d $(DOMAIN) $@

auto.user: $(AUTO_USER) $(YPDIR)/Makefile@echo "Updating $@..."-@sed -e "/^#/d" -e s/#.*$$// $(AUTO_USER) | $(DBLOAD) \

-i $(AUTO_USER) -o $(YPMAPDIR)/$@ - $@-@$(NOPUSH) || $(YPPUSH) -d $(DOMAIN) $@

Step 4: go to /var/yp

Run the command make

NOTE : When we configuring the home dir mounting using autofs enteryshould be altered in the passwd file as by share name with respect toprofile path

Autofs is a depended on yp server, becoz when i made entry inauto.master until I run make command it dint display in client when I runservice autofs reaload and status

Profiles

Bash shell:

.bashrc : Aliases and functions

.bash_profile : Specific environment and startup programs



I have creatd alias in .bashrc and setted env path in .bash_profile.

I login to another machine alias worked but env dint worked.

Vi .bash_profile

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/super/tmp:wq

/super/tmp need to be mount on client system then only I canexecute the command/script which is there in the /super/tmp

Copied the .bashrc and .bash_profile to /etc/skel and creatednew account and it worked as expected.

DHCP CONFIGURATION

RPM Required:

1. dhcpv6_client-0.10-82. dhcp-3.0.1-12_EL

STEP 1: Install the above RPM’s

Rmp –ivh rmp name –aid

STEP 2: Copy the dhcpd .conf.sample file to /etc/ and rename to dhcpd.conf

Dhcpd.conf.sample file will be located in the below path/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.1/dhcpd.conf.sample

cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf

STEP 3: configure the dhpcd.conf file.

Vi /etc/dhcpd.conf

Orginal file :

Ddns-update-style interimIgnore client-updates;



Subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

! --- default gatewayOption routers 192.168.0.1;

Option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

Option nis-domain “domain.org”;Option domain-name “domain.org”;Option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;

Option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time# option ntp-servers 192.168.1.1;# option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1;# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don’t’ change this unless

# -- you understand Netbios very well# option netbios-node-typ 2;

Range dynamic-bootp 192.168.0.128 192.168.0.254;Default-lease-time 21600;Max-lease-time 43200;

# we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed addressHost ns {

Next-server marvin.redhat.com;Hardware Ethernet 1:34:56:78:AB:CD;Fixed-address 207.175.42.254;

}}

Configured

Vi /etc/dhcpd.conf

Ddns-update-style interimIgnore client-updates;

Subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

! --- default gateway



Option routers 192.168.1.1;Option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

Option nis-domain “qgblrnis”;Option domain-name “blrm5dns2.REDHAT.COM”;

Option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.13;

Option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time# option ntp-servers 192.168.1.1;# option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1;# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don’t’ change this unless# -- you understand Netbios very well# option netbios-node-typ 2;

Range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.254;

Default-lease-time 21600;Max-lease-time 43200;

# we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed addressHost ns {

Next-server marvin.redhat.com;Hardware Ethernet 1:34:56:78:AB:CD;Fixed-address 207.175.42.254;

}}

:wq

STEP 4: on the server dhcpd service and start the same

Chkconfig dhcpd onService dhcpd start

Note: when we make changes in dhcpd.conf file we should restart the dhcpd service.

Find the below log of the server when it issues the ip addr to client.

DHCP server log when it issues ip addr to client machine

Vi /var/log/messages



Jan 7 12:01:01 blrm5dns2 dhcpd: DCPDISCOVER from 00:0c:f1:d6:5e:70 via eth0Jan 7 12:01:01 blrm5dns2 dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 192.168.1.254 to 00:0c:f1:d6:5e:70 viaeht0Jan 7 12:01:01 blrm5dns2 dhcpd: DHPCREQUEST for 192.168.1.254 (192.168.1.13)from 00:0c:f1:d6:5e:70 via eht0

Jan 7 12:01:01 blrm5dns2 dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.1.254 to 00:0c:f1:d6:5e:70 viaeht0

SAMBA CONFIGURATION 22-01-09

Rpm required

Samba-3.0.10-1.4E

Smbd –V : To know which version is installed.

By default this RPM will be installed.

Agenda: To make the share folder accessible to windows machine.

Note: samba file will be in the following path

/etc/samba/smb.conf

Step1: Start the samba service.

Service smb start

Step2: Browse the samba server through windows machine

Go to run and type \\samb machine nameIt will display with printer shared.

Without DNS and host entries client is able to ping server byname.

http://smb//samb/

http://smb//samb/



If smb service is stop and restart the client system, it will stopping.

Again if I start the smb service it starts ping no idea frm whereits resolving.

Step3 : Share any folder in samba server.

Vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

Under the share definations

[tmp]

Comment = Temporary file spacePath = /home/tmp1Public = yer/noRead only = yes/noWritable = yes/noBrowseable = yes/noCreate mask = 0777Directory mask = 0770

testpram

linki for support : http://www.samba.netfirms.com/PDC.htm

Agenda: Configuring Samba as a pdc domain.

Step1: Edit the smb.conf file.

Note: I have commented all the lines in smb.conf only required file to

configure pdc I will edit.

By this configuration u can just add the windows system to samba serveras client machine.

http://www.samba.netfirms.com/PDC.htm

http://www.samba.netfirms.com/PDC.htm



Vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

Under global settings

Workgroup = QGSBLR

Server string = samba server running ---- optional

Domain master = yes - optional

Preferred master = yes - optional

domain logons = yes - need to check weather it is required or not.

then save this file :wq

We faced a problem while adding the system to domain it was not askingany authentication.

Then in smb.conf we un commented the domain logons and assignedvalue yes.

After that it started asking authentication but still not able to add.

Solution:

We need to create machine account in the samba server like user id.

Step3: Creating machine account.

Syntax :

Useradd –d /dev/null –g groupname –s /bin/false –M systemnameSmbpasswd –m –a systemname$

Useradd –d /dev/null –g systems –s /bin/false –M node4 //create linuxaccount

Rename the node4 node4$ in passwd file

Vi /etc/passwd

Node4$:X:508:506::/dev/null:/bin/false



:wq

Smbpasswd –m –a node4$ // This will create samba account

Step4: Add the windows system to samba domain.

Right click on mycomputerselect propertiesselectcomputername

Click on change button under the member of select domainoption.

Mention the name of the domain qgsblr and click on ok

It will ask for the aunthentation then user the below syntax

Domainname/root

Provide the root passward

NOTE: before that we need to create samba user id(root) in server.

Smbpasswd –a root

Step5: Even samba users can abale to login but it through the errormessage

Error: Windows cannot locate the server copy of roaming profile and isattempting to log you on with your local profile. Attempting to save anything will be copied locally Please contact u r system administrator.

Problem :

I loged in by root in client machine, when I checked in document and

setting the profile name was TEMP

To check I logged in with another user id but the result was TEMP.QGSBLR

And I have logged with one more user id the result was

TEMP.QGSBLR.000



Solution : HOME option should be un comment

Example:

[homes]

Comment = Home DirectoriesBrowseable = noWritable = yes

NOTE: DNS is not required for adding to domain.

We will see later on user login problem with TEMP

Other settings in samba

Its stores separate log file for each machine that connects and it stores

in the below path.

Log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log

All log information will store in one file.

Log file = /var/log/samba/smbd.log

Put a capping on the size of the log files (in KB)

Max log size = 50

Problem:

We checked to change the password from client machine but it throughsthe below error

Error: No NetWare NDS trees were detected, unable to perform changepassword operation.



Error1: You may need to change your password separately on Netware 2.xand 3.x servers that are not part of a password synchronization scheme.Use SETPASS (located in the SYS\PUBLIC director on Netware servers) todo this.

#uncomment this if you want a guest account , you must add this to/etc/passwd otherwise the user “nobody” is used.

#---- guest account = pcguest

Problem :

If I uncomment guset, we cannot login into the client machine with using

none of the user id.

If comment we can login

Solution:

We need to create the pcguest account in the sytem.

NOT UNDER STAND

#---Password level allows matching of _n_ characters of the password for

all combinations of upper and lower case.

Password level = 10Username level = 8

Agenda : How to share a folder in linux through samba

Step1: Edit sam.conf

Go to share definition category

Under that there will be so much standard shares will be there with someof them is commented.

To a share a simple folder



[projects]comment = Data Serverpath = /projpublic = yeswritable = yes

browseable = yescreate mask = 0770directory mask = 0770

# vfs object = extd_audit recycle# recycle:repository=.recycle# recycle:versions=True# recycle:keeptree=True

Trouble shooting ….

1.Samba has a test utility called testparm that alerts you to errors in the smb.conf file.If you used SWAT to edit the file, you will usually pass the test successfully, asshown:

[root@bigboy tmp]# testparm -sLoad smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.confProcessing section "[homes]"Processing section "[printers]"Loaded services file OK....

3. 1. Make sure your Samba server can see all the shares available on the network with

the smbclient -l samba_server command. Press the Enter key when prompted for a password.

Failure of this test may mean that Samba isn't running on the server at all and may need to be started

Example : copy from the laptop……

$ smbclient –L edsm5cae01 ( server name)

Out put :

Sharename Type Comment--------- ---- -------tmp Disk Temporary file spaceIPC$ IPC IPC Service (SANTHOSH SAMBA SERVER RUNNING)ADMIN$ IPC IPC Service (SANTHOSH SAMBA SERVER RUNNING)root Disk Home Directories



Server Comment--------- -------

Workgroup Master--------- -------QGSBLR EDSM5CAE01

4. 2. Use the nmblookup -B samba-server-IP-address _SAMBA_ command on theserver to determine if the samba software is running correctly. This should return theserver's IP address if is running correctly.

Example :

Nmblookup –B 192.168.10 __SAMBA__

Out put :

querying __SAMBA__ on 192.168.1.10192.168.1.10 __SAMBA__<00>

5. 3. Use the nmblookup -B client-IP-address "*"command on the server to determinewhether the client is accepting Samba queries. This should return the client's IPaddress if is running correctly. If the test fails, check to see whether the client isrunning firewall software that could prevent communication. Another source of the problem could be that the "Client for Microsoft Windows" or "File and Printer

Sharing for Microsoft Networks" settings on the client's NIC card haven't beenselected. You also could have entered an incorrect IP address.

Example :

Syntax : nmblookup –B client ipaddr “*”

Nmblookup –B 192.168.1.15 “*”

Out put :

querying * on 192.168.1.15192.168.1.15 *<00>

6. Use the nmblookup -d 2 "*" command on the server to tell it to broadcast a querymessage to the network. This should return answers from all locally connected clients



and servers. This test actually sends out a broadcasted request for information, itusually fails if either your client or server has an incorrect subnet mask configured ontheir NIC cards.

Example:

Syntax :

Nmblookup –d ‘2’

Out put :added interface ip=192.168.1.10 bcast=192.168.1.255 nmask=255.255.255.0Got a positive name query response from 192.168.1.10 ( 192.168.1.10 )Got a positive name query response from 192.168.1.15 ( 192.168.1.15 )querying * on 192.168.1.255

192.168.1.10 *<00>192.168.1.15 *<00>

7. 5. Use the smbclient //samba-server/tmp command to attempt a command-line loginto the Samba server. When prompted for a password, use the Linux password of theaccount with which you logged in. You can test other accounts can be achieved byadding the -U accountname option at the end of the command line. This should returnmessage that the login was login successful. If you are doing this as user root, pressthe <Enter> key when prompted for a password. 5. Use the smbclient //samba-server/tmp command to attempt a command-line login to the Samba server. When prompted for a password, use the Linux password of the account with which youlogged in. You can test other accounts can be achieved by adding the -U accountnameoption at the end of the command line. This should return message that the login waslogin successful. If you are doing this as user root, press the <Enter> key when prompted for a password.

Syntax : smbclient //samba_servername/TMP

Smbclient //edsm5cae01/TMPAnonymous login successful

tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIEDAnonymous login successfultree connect failed: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED

6. Log into the Windows workstation as a Samba user. (In the example below, the usernameis peter). Use the net view \\samba-server command to log into the Samba server from thecommand line and get a listing of your shares.



If it fails, then make sure your hosts allow, hosts deny and invalid users parameters are setcorrectly in your smb.conf file.

This test attempts to login using the username and password with which you logged into thePC. Make sure the corresponding Samba user has been created.

A "Network name not found" message usually points to an incorrect NetBIOS configurationon the client

Checking the Samba Logs

Samba stores all its log files in the /var/log/samba directory. If you find yourself having

difficulties, try searching the nmbd.log and smbd.log files for clues.

Samba is not fully completed.

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