riel's people: who are the metis?

7/27/2019 Riel's People: Who are the Metis?

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2- K` pbrskms wak gbhnorbg om Oikrjcjmon omhbstry. ?31.444 wak orb mkt rbhkcmjzbg os stotus Jmgjoms jgbmtj`jbg os Lbtjs-0- O ùrtabr 90.444 stotus Jmgjoms onsk jgbmtj`jbg os Lbtjs-

Xtugjbs hkmguhtbg iy tab outakrs k` tab oikvb rbpkrt rbvbon hkmùsjkm oikut Oikrjcjmon gb`jmjtjkms. saj`tjmc jgbmtjtjbs kvbr tjlb. omg owjgb romcb k` ùmhtjkmon gb`jmjtjkms usbg iy ckvbrmlbmt gbportlbmts omg krcomjzotjkms gbonjmc wjta Oikrjcjmon pbkpnb- Wab òht taotstotjstjhs orb hknnbhtbg omg puinjsabg oikut Lbtjs jgbmtjty js om jlpkrtomt jssub `kr tab Lbtjs os jt puts om kmus km tab Lbtjs tk ocrbb wjtatabl kr gjsocrbb- @urtabr. omy vjbw taot js mkt hkmsjstbmt wjta tab stotjstjhs wjnn ib shrutjmjzbg puinjhny-

Kmb k` tab `boturbs k` tab oikvb stotjstjhs js tab òht taot lomy rbcjstbrbg Jmgjoms jgbmtj`y tablsbnvbs os Lbtjs- Wajs hom jmgjhotb omulibr k` tajmcs. jmhnugjmc o pbrskmon sbmsb k` btamjh jgbmtjty sbporotb `rkl nbcon Jmgjom stotus. kr sjlpny hkmùsjkm oikut hbmsus qubstjkms-

Jt js mbvbrtabnbss om jssub k` hkmhbrm tk tab Lbtjs hkllumjty sjmhb taby cbmbronny ogkpt o gb`jmjtjkm taot bxhnugbs pbrskms wak orb rbcjstbrbgos Jmgjoms-@ohtkrs suha os tabsb gblkmstrotb tab hklpnbxjty k` tab qubstjkm k` gb`jmjmc tab lblibrs k` o slonn ajstkrjh motjkm taot aos mkt njvbg

km om bxhnusjvb aklbnomg wjta jts kwm systbl k` ckvbrmlbmt `kr o vbry nkmc tjlb- Wab b``bhts k` `bgbron Jmgjom pknjhy aovb ùrtabr hkmùsbgtab qubstjkm k` Lbtjs jgbmtjty-

Jm ?::0 o mbw qubstjkm wos oggbg tk tab hbmsus taot osebg rbspkmgbmts j` taby jgbmtj`jbg tablsbnvbs os ibnkmcjmc tk kmb k` tab tarbbOikrjcjmon crkups lbmtjkmbg jm tab Hkmstjtutjkm6 Jmgjom. Lbtjs kr Jmue- Iosbg upkm tajs qubstjkm. rbspkmgbmts orb hkmsjgbrbg os Oikrjcjmonj` taby jmgjhotb Oikrjcjmon jgbmtjty kr Jmgjom Oht rbcjstrotjkm-

Os mktbg oikvb. sklb k` tab rbsunts k` tab hbmsus qubstjkms suppkrt tab jgbo taot tabrb js hkmùsjkm olkmc rbspkmgbmts hkmhbrmjmcOikrjcjmon jgbmtjty- Wabrb`krb. stotjstjhs orb mkt o hbrtojm lbosurb k` Lbtjs jgbmtjty-

Jm Lomjtkio jm ?::0. oikut 72.444 pbkpnb jmgjhotbg Lbtjs jgbmtjty jm tab hbmsus. jmhnugjmc tab stotus Jmgjoms wak gjg sk- Jm Sjmmjpbc.tabrb wbrb 72.324 sbn`,jgbmtj`jbg Oikrjcjmon pbkpnb omg sbn`,jgbmtj`jbg Lbtjs hklprjsbg kvbr aon` k` tabsb. tab norcbst Lbtjs hkllumjty jmHomogo-

Ajstkrjh Tknjhjbs Ybcorgjmc Ljxbg,Inkkg

Tbkpnb jm Homogo-

Sb ibcjm wjta o rbvjbw k` tab now omg pknjhy rbnotjmc tk ljxbg,inkkg pbkpnb omg tabm wb jgbmtj`y omg gjshuss sklb cbmbronprjmhjpnbs omg tabjr oppnjhotjkm tk tab qubstjkm k` gb`jmjmc tab Lbtjs pbkpnb jm sbhtjkm 82 k` tab Hkmstjtutjkm Oht- Wajs opprkoha jsworromtbg ibhousb lomy pbkpnb stjnn ibnjbvb taot ibjmc k` ljxbg,omhbstry cjvbs tabl om bmtjtnblbmt tk jgbmtj`y os o Lbtjs- Wajs jsgblkmstroiny ònsb. k` hkursb- Lkst j` mkt onn. stotus Jmgjoms orb k` ljxbg,omhbstry tkgoy. omg lomy Sajtb Homogjoms. bspbhjonny jm_ubibh. onsk aovb Jmgjom omhbstkrs- Wab hklpnbxjtjbs surrkumgjmc tab pkpunor hkmhbptjkms. omg tab nbcon jssub k` Lbtjs jgbmtjty omggb`jmjtjkm. worromt o hklpnbtb rbvjbw. wajha `knnkws-

Os o lottbr k` Hkmstjtutjkmon jmtbrprbtotjkm. tab fugjhjon gb`jmjtjkm k` tab parosb. tab Lbtjs pbkpnb jm s-82 js rbs jmtbcro. taot js. o pkjmtckvbrmbg iy mbjtabr prbhbgbmt mkr runb k` now. wajha lust ib gbhjgbg upkm prjmhjpnb iy tab Xuprblb Hkurt k` Homogo !tab Hkurt*- Wabrborb twk Lbtjs hosbs taot wjnn ib aborg km oppbon iy tab Hkurt tajs ybor. omg taby loy wbnn gbhjgb jlpkrtomt ospbhts k` tab now k` Lbtjsgb`jmjtjkm omg rjcats- Waby orb tabInojs hosb `rkl Lomjtkio. omg tabTkwnby hosb `rkl Kmtorjk-

Ot tab pknjhy omg pknjtjhon nbvbn. tab jssub k` gb`jmjmc tab Ltjs `kr s- 82 purpksbs jnnustrotbs tab mbcotjvb ospbht k` aovjmc sbhurbgHkmstjtutjkmon rbhkcmjtjkm `kr o crkup k` pbkpnb wjta mk emkwm nomg iosb kr tbrrjtkrjon rjcats. omg wjta `bw j` omy suisjstjmc skhjon kr pknjtjhonjmstjtutjkms tk lojmtojm omg gb`jmb tabjr crkup jgbmtjty omg jmtbrbsts-

Wab @jrst Ljmjstbrs Hkm`brbmhbs km Oikrjcjmon Hkmstjtutjkmon Yb`krl !@LH* prkhbss omg tab Haornkttbtkwm Ohhkrg gjg mkt rbsunt jm ogb`jmjtjkm k` bjtabr tab Lbtjs kr tabjr rjcats jm tab tbxt k` tab Hkmstjtutjkm. omg tabrb`krb tab tose k` gb`jmjmc ikta aos ònnbm tk tab hkurts-

Jm b``bht. tab mbwny rbhkcmjzbg iut umgb`jmbg rjcats k` tab Ltjs pbkpnb hkmstjtutb o rbhbmtny gjshkvbrbg jmtbrbst kr rbskurhb. wajha jsikumg tk ottroht hklpbtjmc hnojlomts jm tab hkurtrkkls k` Homogo- Wab hnojlomts omg tab hnojls wjnn vory. omg gjsputbs wjnn orjsb. prjmhjponnyibhousb. umnjeb tab k``jhjonny rbhkcmjzbg Jmgjoms omg Jmujt. tab Lbtjs gk mkt cbmbronny aovb nbconny rbhkcmjzbg aklbnomg iosbs 9 kr ktabrnbconny rbhkcmjzbg omg ùmhtjkmjmc jmstjtutjkms tk prktbht omg lojmtojm o crkup Ltjs jgbmtjty-

Wab tbrl Ltjs js cbmbronny vjbwbg jm Homogo os o ikumgory mktjkm rb`brrjmc tk jm,ibtwbbm pbkpnbtaksb wjtajm mbjtabr k` tabtwk rohjon hotbckrjbs k` Jmgjom omg Sajtb taot sbblbg tk ib sbn`,bvjgbmt tk borny trogbrs. hknkmjsts omg Jlpbrjon outakrjtjbs- Abmhb tabBmcnjsa tbrl Aon`,irbbgaon` tajs omg aon` taotmkt bmkuca k` bjtabr tk lkvb jmtk kmb kr tab ktabr hotbckry- 8Wab @rbmha tbrl. Ltjs js

9Bxhbptjkmonny. Onibrto aos nbcjsnotbg tab bstoinjsalbmt k` sbvbron Lbtjs Xbttnblbmts. iut jrkmjhonny. tab rbsjgbmts. wak orb gbshbmgomts k` Hrbb pbkpnb

bm`romhajsbg iy shrjp. aovb njttnb tk gk wjta tab Lbtjs Motjkm k` Yjbn omg jts hkmtblpkrory pknjtjhon rbprbsbmtotjvb krcomjzotjkm. tab Lbtjs Motjkmon Hkumhjn-Xbb cbmbronny. km tab Xbttnblbmts ajstkry omg nbcjsnotjkm. Hotabrjmb B- Ibnn. Hkmtblpkrory Lbtjs Fustjhb6 Wab Xbttnblbmt Soy !Xoseotkkm- Rmjvbrsjty k`Xoseothabwom Motjvb Now Hbmtrb- ?:::*-

X-8? k` tab Lomjtkio Oht ?134 prkvjgbg `kr o Lbtjs nomg iosb. iut tab hkmstjtutjkmonjty k` tab lboms wabrbiy tab Lbtjs wbrb gbprjvbg k` taot nomg jshurrbmtny tab suifbht k` om ohtjkm `kr o gbhnorotjkm k` hkmstjtutjkmon jmvonjgjty6 Gulkmt v- Homogo !O-C-* sui-mkl- Lomjtkio Lbtjs @bgbrotjkm v- Homogo!O-C-* U?:13\ 9 H-M-N-Y-12. !Lom-_-I-*5 rbvg U?::1\ 8 H-M-N-Y- 8: !Lom-H-O-*. rbvg U?::4\ 9 H-M-N-Y- ?: !X-H-H-* Xbb onsk Toun N-O-A- Haortromg.

Lomjtkios Lbtjs Xbttnblbmt Xhablb k` ?134 !Xoseotkkm- Rmjvbrsjty k` Xoseothabwom Motjvb Now Hbmtrb- ?::?*

8Wab outakr k` tab nbogjmc omtarkpknkcjhon stugy k` tab Ltjs k` tab Homogjom Sbst tkke tab vjbw taot tab Ltjs gjg mkt. ot tab tjlb k` ajs stugjbs jm tab ?:84s.

`jt jmtk bjtabr tab Jmgjom kr tab mkm,Jmgjom skhjbty k` Homogo- Xbb. b-c- Cjroug. Lorhbn. O Mktb km tab Aon`,Irbbg Trkinbl jm Lomjtkio. !?:83* WabHomogjom Fkurmon k` Bhkmkljhs omg Tknjtjhon Xhjbmhb 27?-

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sblomtjhonny lkrb ohhurotb ibhousb jt gkbs mkt horry tab `rbjcat k` o pakmy omg golmjmc `kne ijknkcy- 7Mkmbtabnbss. lbomjmc ljxbg.jt bquonny jlpnjbs ibjmc jm mbjtabr kmb mkr tab ktabr hotbckry-

Xwojn. F-. jm tabInojs hkurt hosb bxpnojmbg tab haonnbmcb k` Lbtjs gb`jmjtjkm jm tab `knnkwjmc tbrls5

Wab qubstjkm k` bxohtny wak js o Lbtjs wjtajm tab lbomjmc k` tajs sbhtjkm k` tab Hkmstjtutjkm Oht js o gj``jhunt kmb- Jt js hklpnjhotbg iy tab òht taot tab

tbrl Lbtjs aos ibbm usbg jm gj``brbmt woys ot gj``brbmt tjlbs- Bvbm tkgoy. tabrb js gjsputb os tk tab hkrrbht lbomjmc k` tab tbrl ot omy cjvbm pbrjkg k` ajstkry-

Jt js ùrtabr hklpnjhotbg iy tab òht taot tabrb orb ot nbost twk gjstjmht hunturon iohecrkumgs `kr tab ljxbg inkkg pbkpnb emkwm tkgoy os Lbtjs- Wabrb orb tabgbshbmgomts k` Irjtjsa !Bmcnjsa omg Xhkttjsa* aon`,irbbgs os taby wbrb krjcjmonny emkwm. wak wbrb tab hajngrbm k` Augskms Ioy Hklpomy blpnkybbs5 omg

tabrb wbrb tab krjcjmon @rbmha Lbtjs wak. `kr tab crbotbr port. wbrb tab hajngrbm k` Mkrta Sbst Hklpomy blpnkybbs. `rkl _ubibh-Omktabr hklpnjhotjmc òhtkr js tab bvknutjkm jm tab usb k` tab tbrl Lbtjs. wajha sow tab Ckvbrmlbmt k` Homogo ogkpt o prktkhkn iy ot nbost ?134

wabrbiy onn ljxbg inkkg gbshbmgomts k` Burkpbom omg Jmgjom pbkpnb wbrb rb`brrbg tk jm k``jhjon gkhulbmts jm Bmcnjsa os aon`,irbbgs. omg jm k``jhjongkhulbmts jm @rbmha os Lbtjs- Ibykmg tajs. tab qubstjkm k` wak js kr js mkt o Lbtjs aos ibbm ajcany pknjtjhjzbg iy sklb òjrny gjsporotb krcomjzotjkms

hnojljmc tk spboe `kr tab Lbtjs k` tkgoy-

O ùrtabr. `jmon hklpnjhotjmc òhtkr aos ibbm tab haomcb iy tab Ckvbrmlbmt k` Homogo k` tab hrjtbrjo `kr stotus os om Jmgjom umgbr tab Jmgjom Oht jm?:12- Wajs opporbmtny aos rbsuntbg jm o suistomtjon mulibr k` pbkpnb. wak ljcat ktabrwjsb aovb hnojlbg stotus !sjh* os o Lbtjs. mkw toejmc stotus os Jmgjoms-2

Os tab `krbckjmc possocb mktbs. tab hbmtron prkinbl js taot tab tbrl Lbtjs aos ibbm usbg jm gj``brbmt woys ot gj``brbmt tjlbs- Warbb k`tab woys jm wajha tab tbrl aos ibbm usbg kvbr tjlb orb lbmtjkmbg- Waby orb6

?- osskhjotjmc Bmcnjsa omg @rbmha ljxbg,omhbstry crkups !`rkl Yupbrts Nomg* os j` taby wbrb tab solb crkup59- jmhnugjmc ktabr ljxbg,omhbstry pbrskms waksb krjcjms loy aovb ibbm òr rblkvbg `rkl tab Ybg Yjvbr omg Yupbrts Nomg Ltjs Motjkm58- rb`brrjmc nkksbny tk pbrskms k` ljx bg omhbstry wak loy mbvbr aovb aog Jmgjom stotus. kr wak. aovjmc aog stotus. loy tabm aovb nkst jt

tarkuca tab stotus omg bm`romhajsblbmt runbs jm tab Jmgjom Oht5

Boha k` tabsb tkpjhs wjnn ib bxoljmbg jm krgbr tk jnnustrotb tab gjnbllo òhjmc hkmtblpkrory fugcbs. pknjhy loebrs omg pknjtjhjoms-

Bmcnjsa Aon`,Irbbgs omg @rbmha Ljhaj`

Wabrb wbrb twk prjlory ljxbg,omhbstry crkups jm tab Ybg Yjvbr orbo prjkr tk tab bvbmts taot nbg tk tab bmtry k` Lomjtkio jmtkHkm`bgbrotjkm jm ?134- Wab Bmcnjsa,spboejmc Aon`,irbbgs kr Hkumtry Ikrm wbrb norcbny Trktbstomt. pknjtjhonny lkrb hkmsbrvotjvb. lkrbsbgbmtory. lkrb ocrjhunturb,krjbmtbg omg lkrb hnksbny ottohabg tk tab Augskms Ioy Hklpomy os o ckvbrmjmc omg hkllbrhjon bmtjty- Wabnorcbny Yklom Hotaknjh. @rbmha,spboejmc Ltjs kr Ltj`.0 km tab ktabr aomg. wbrb pknjtjhonny lkrb jmgbpbmgbmt omg lkrb jmhnjmbg tk trogjmcomg tk iu`ònk aumtjmc taom tk ùnn,tjlb ocrjhunturb-3

Wajs js mkt tk soy taot tab Aon`,irbbgs gjg mkt portjhjpotb jm tab iu`ònk aumt kr taot tab Ltjs gjg mkt òrl. `kr hnborny ikta crkups gjgikta- Mkr js jt tk soy taot tabrb wbrb mkt bnblbmts jm boha k` tab twk crkups taot spkeb boha ktabrs nomcuocb omg aog ktabr hnksb skhjon omghkllbrhjon osskhjotjkms-1 Jt js sjlpny tk soy taot gbspjtb tab lomy saorbg hunturon bnblbmts. tab gj``brbmhbs ibtwbbm tab twk ljxbg,omhbstry

7Fohqubnjmb Tbtbrskm omg Fbmmj`br X-A- Irkwm. Jmtrkguhtjkm. Wab Mbw Tbkpnbs. supro mktb ?9. 8 ot 2- Wab `kne ijknkcy taot bquotbs cbmbtjh hklpksjtjkm

wjta skhjon. hunturon omg pknjtjhon jgbmtjty js bxpnkrbg jm lkrb gbtojn iy Fbmmj`br X-A- Irkwm jm Wab Trbsiytbrjom Ltjs k` Xt- Coirjbn Xtrbbt. Lkmtrbon- Jijg.?:7 ot ?:06

Ltjssocb. kr tab prkhbss iy wajha tajs pkpunotjkm orksb. js o tbrl taot aos cbmbronny ibbm usbg wjta twk lbomjmcs wajha mbbg tk ib horbùnny gjstjmcujsabg- Ijknkcjhonny. jt

js tab hrbotjkm k` pbrskms k` ljxbg Jmgjom,wajtb porbmtocb omg tab ljmcnjmc k` crkups haorohtbrjzbg iy gjstjmhtjvb trojts suha os inkkg crkup. cbmb K. sk wjgbny gjstrjiutbg jm Mbw

Skrng Oikrjcjmon pkpunotjkms- @kr tab purpksbs k` tajs gjshussjkm. akwbvbr. jt js tab skhjon. hunturon omg pknjtjhon hrbotjkm k` pbrskms wak ohhbpt kr gbhjgb tk o``jrl taot wb orb

ltjs. toejmc taot guon ospbht k` tabjr omhbstry omg o``jnjotjkm os hbmtron òht k` nj`b-

2Y- v- Inojs U?::3\ 8 H-M-N-Y- ?4: !Lom- Trkv- Ht-* pbr Xwojn F- ot ??7,?2- Wab Xuprblb Hkurt k` Homogo logb o sjljnor kisbrvotjkm jm Nkvbnohb v- Kmtorjk

U9444\ 7 H-M-N-Y- ?72 ot ?24 jm tab hkmtbxt k` Kmtorjk pbr Johkiuhhj F-6 Wab twk Ib,Soi,Ikm oppbnnomts gjg mkt ogvomhb o hkllkm gb`jmjtjkm k` Ltjs.omg jm tajs rbspbht. J mktb taot tab jssub rblojms pknjtjhonny omg nbconny hkmtbmtjkus- @kr sjljnor bxpnkrotjkms k` tab romcb k` pkssjinb gb`jmjtjkms k` Ltjs sbbGkm LhLoakm omg @rbg Lortjm. Wab Ltjs omg :?!97*6 Js Jmhnusjkm tab Jssub; Ykyon Hklljssjkm km Oikrjcjmon Tbkpnbs. Oikrjcjmon Xbn`,Ckvbrmlbmt6

Nbcon omg Hkmstjtutjkmon Jssubs !Kttowo6 Ljmjstbr k` Xuppny omg Xbrvjhbs. ?::2* 933. 9:4,:7. omg Ykibrt E- Waklos. O`tbrwkrg. Wab Mbw Tbkpnbs.supromktb ?9. 978 ot 924- Mkr js tab jssub k` Ltjs gb`jmjtjkm sknbny `kr kutsjgb hkllbmtotkrs- Wab Lbtjs Osskhjotjkm k` Onibrto loebs o sjljnor kisbrvotjkm jm

Lbtjs Nomg Yjcats jm Onibrto6 O Tknjtjhon Ajstkry !Bglkmtkm6 Lbtjs Osskhjotjkm k` Onibrto. ?:1?* ot 16

O mktb lust ib logb oikut tab tbrls Lbtjs. Aon`,irbbgs. Xtotus omg Mkm,Xtotus Jmgjoms. omg Wrboty omg Mkm,Wrboty Jmgjoms jm tajs ikke- Wab tbrljmknkcy wb aovb usbg tk rb`br tktab Lbtjs pbkpnb aos k` mbhbssjty vorjbg `rkl haoptbr tk haoptbr. gbpbmgjmc km tab ajstkrjhon pbrjkg omg cbkcropajh nkhotjkm umgbr hkmsjgbrotjkm- @kr cbmbron usb jm tab tbxt. wb aovb

usbg tab tbrl Lbtjs- Wajs tbrl aos hklb tk jmhnugb onn pbkpnb k` ljxbg Jmgjom,wajtb omhbstry jm tab projrjb prkvjmhbs. omg jm rbhbmt ybors. bnsbwabrb jm tab hkumtry- Wab tbrl. wabmusbg jm tajs woy. jmhnugbs Mkm,Xtotus Jmgjoms ----

0Ltjs js gbrjvbg `rkl tab kng @rbmha tbrl Ltj` taot lboms sjlpny Ljxbg- Wab trogjtjkmon prkmumhjotjkm k` tab tbrl Ltj` iy Ltjs spboebrs js

Ljhajss krLjhaj`- Wajs prkmumhjotjkm rbsunts `rkl tab jm`nubmhb k` tab Hrbb omg Xountboux nomcuocbs wajha gk mkt hkmtojm tab skumgs rbqujrbg tk prkmkumhbLtjs os o @rbmha spboebr wkung- Xbb Toun N-O-A- Haortromg. Oikrjcjmon Yjcats6 Wab Gjspkssbssjkm k` tab Ltjs jm ?::?. Pkn- 9:. Mk- 8 Ksckkgb Aonn

Now Fkurmon 723. m- 1. omg Ykibrt O- Topbm. _ubnqubs rlorqubs sur um pornbr `romhojs lhkmmu gb nKubst Homogjbm6 Nb Ltjs !?:17* ?7 Ybvub_uihkjsb gb Njmcujstjqub. Mk-?. pp- ??8,?8:- @kr o gjshussjkm jm tab hkmtbxt k` tab Ljhaj` spboebrs jm tab Wurtnb Lkumtojm Hajppbwo k` Lkmtomo sbb FkamH- Hrow`krg Saot js Ljhaj`;6 Nomcuocb jm tab ltjs trogjtjkm jm Wab Mbw Tbkpnbs.supro mktb 9. 98?-

3Xbb. `kr bxolpnb. S-N- Lkrtkm. Lomjtkio6 O Ajstkry !Wkrkmtk- Rmjvbrsjty k` Wkrkmtk Trbss- ?:23* ot 31,3:. omg S-N- Lkrtkm. Jmtrkguhtjkm. Bgbm

Hknvjnnbs Nbttbrs ?17:,24 !Nkmgkm6 QJQ Augskms Ioy Ybhkrg Xkhjbty. ?:20*-

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crkups wbrb os kivjkus tk kutsjgb kisbrvbrs os tk tab twk crkups tablsbnvbs- : Jm òht. jt js bquonny wbnn,emkwm taot tab rbsjstomhb k` tabLtjs tk Homogos toeb,kvbr k` Yupbrts Nomg wos norcbny jmspjrbg. nbg omg horrjbg kut iy tab @rbmha spboejmc Ltjs umgbr Nkujs Yjbn- ?4

Mkmbtabnbss. tab hkmhbssjkms cjvbm iy Homogo tk tab prkvjsjkmon ckvbrmlbmt jm tab `krl k` tab Lomjtkio Ohtjm ?134 oppnjbg tk onn tabrbsjgbmts k` tab krjcjmon prkvjmhb k` Lomjtkio. jmhnugjmc onn ljxbg,omhbstry pbrskms- ?? Jm tajs vbjm. tab sbn`,gb`jmjtjkm k` tabsb twk crkups os omotjkm. tabjr oijnjty tk `krl o prkvjsjkmon ckvbrmlbmt. bstoinjsa hjvjn krgbr omg tk gb`bmg tabjr tbrrjtkry tarkuca orls os wbnn os tab òht taottaby kitojmbg gjpnklotjh rbhkcmjtjkm `rkl Homogo omg hkmstjtutjkmon rbhkcmjtjkm jm tab Hkmstjtutjkm Oht. ?13? ùbns tab pbrhbptjkm iktajmsjgb omg kutsjgb tab ajstkrjh Ybg Yjvbr omg Yupbrts Nomg Ltjs+Aon`,irbbg hkllumjty taot taby wbrb o sjmcnb pbkpnb- ?9

Wajs wos tab ibcjmmjmc k` tab haomcb jm usb k` tab tbrl Ltjs. omg tab hkm`kumgjmc k` tab twk tbrls Aon`,irbbg omg Ltjs- Waus.jm tab Bmcnjsa vbrsjkm k` tab s- 8? k` tab Lomjtkio Ohttab rb`brbmhb js tk tab Aon`,irbbg rbsjgbmts. wajnb jm tab @rbmha vbrsjkm jt js tk gbs

Ltjs rbsjgomts-

?8

@rkl taot pkjmt km. rb`brbmhbs jm Homogjom nbcjsnotjkm gk mkt gjstjmcujsa ibtwbbm waot aog ot kmb tjlb oppborbg tk ib twkgjstjmht crkups k` ljxbg,omhbstry pbkpnb- Waus tab vbrsjkms k` tab Gkljmjkm Nomgs Ohtpossbg suisbqubmtny. `kr jmstomhb. onn rb`brrbg tk nomgcromts tk sotjs`y tab hnojls k` Aon`,irbbgs k` Lomjtkio omg tab Mkrta,Sbst Wbrrjtkrjbs- ?7

Os o rbsunt k` tajs tbrljmknkcjhon prktkhkn. mk gjstjmhtjkm js logb tkgoy ibtwbbm tab krjcjmon Aon`,irbbgs omg Ltjs- Jm Inojs.?2`krjmstomhb. tab ohhusbg gbshbmgbmt k` tab ajstkrjh @rbmha,spboejmc Ltjs wos rb`brrbg tk os ibjmc Lbtjs. os wos tab ohhusbg gbshbmgomt k`tab Bmcnjsa,spboejmc Aon`,irbbgs jm tab lkrb rbhbmt Akwsb Hosb?0`rkl Irjtjsa Hknulijo-

Jt sakung onsk ib kisbrvbg taot iy ?134 lomy Lbtjs omg Aon` Irbbgs aog jmtbrlorrjbg ?3omg km tab ktabr sjgb k` tab omhbstron bquotjkmLbtjs omg Aon` Irbbgs aog ikta lorrjbg jmtk onn k` tab vorjkus Jmgjom crkups jmaoijtjmc tab Kng Mkrta Sbst- Jm omy bvbmt. lkst k` tabSbstbrm Homogjom Ltjs mkw spboe Bmcnjsa- Km tajs iosjs onkmb tab krjcjmon njmcujstjh gjstjmhtjkm mk nkmcbr sbbls portjhunorny usbùn. bxhbpt`kr tab pkssjinb bxhbptjkm k` tab lblibrs k` tab @romhkpakmb omg Hotaknjh krcomjzotjkm NRmjkm Motjkmonb Lbtjs Xt- Fksbpa gu Lomjtkio

1Jm Wab ltjs omg ljxbg,inkkgs k` Yupbrts Nomg ib`krb ?134) jm Wab Mbw Tbkpnbs.supro mktb ?9. :2 Jrbmb L- Xpry mktbs !ot ::* taot lomy ltjs omg

ljxbg,inkkgs. ot nbost olkmc tab bnjtb. spkeb ikta @rbmha omg Bmcnjsa. os wbnn os kmb kr lkrb k` tab Jmgjom nomcuocbs--- jt js bvjgbmt taot lomy lorrjocbsspommbg tab onnbcbg cun` ibtwbbm tab ljxbg,inkkg omg ltjs crkups. ckjmc km tk njst o mulibr k` ktabr orbos wabrb tab gj``brbmhbs ibtwbbm tab twk crkups

loy aovb ibbm lkrb opporbmt taom rbon-O sjljnor hkmhnusjkm js rbohabg iy Aon Trugbm. Wab Trugbms k` Tbakmomje6 O @ur,Wrogb @oljny !Sjmmjpbc6 Yjmbnno Trjmtbrs Ntg-. ?::4* ot 0:6

@or lkrb strjejmc taom tabsb gj``brbmhbs orb tab hkllkmonjtjbs taot tab ljxbg,inkkg pbkpnb k` Ybg Yjvbr saorbg jm ?10:- Mkt tab nbost k` tabsb wbrb hkllkm nomcuocbs- Hrbb.

Ossjmjikjmb omg Xountboux wbrb spkebm os wbrb iostorg nomcuocbs Ljhaj` omg Iumcoy- Lomy ljxbg,inkkg pbrskms wbrb luntjnjmcuon. spboejmc jmgjcbmkus nomcuocbs pnus Bmcnjsaomg @rbmha- Trjkr tk ?1?1. rbnjcjkm wos mkt om jssub omg jt hbrtojmny rblojmbg o mkm,jssub `kr taksb Ltjs wak gjg mkt lkvb tk Ybg Yjvbr o`tbr tab umjkm k` tab Augskms Ioy

Hklpomy omg tab Mkrtawbst Hklpomy iut wak stoybg mbor tab pksts jm Ltjs hkllumjtjbs-

:Kmb k` tab lofkr gj``brbmhbs ibtwbbm tab twk crkups noy jm tabjr gj``brbmt opprkohabs tk jgbmtj`yjmc wjta tab Burkpbom hunturbs `rkl wajha taby trohbg port

k` tabjr gbshbmt- Wab Bmcnjsa Aon`,irbbgs km tab waknb wbrb lkrb jmhnjmbg tk ottblpt ossjljnotjkm jmtk tab Irjtjsa. Trktbstomt wkrng k` tabjr òtabrs. otnbost umtjn tab bvbmts k` ?10: `krhbg tabl tk `krcb o hkllkm gbstjmy wjta tabjr @rbmha Ltjs hkumtbrports jm Ybg Yjvbr6 Xynvjo Pom Ejre. Saot j` Lolo js omJmgjom;6 Wab Hunturon Olijvonbmhb k` tab Onbxomgbr Ykss @oljny jm Wab Mbw Tbkpnbs.supro. mktb ?9. 943 ot 943-

?4Yoylkmg Aubn. bg- Wab Hknnbhtbg Srjtjmcs k` Nkujs Yjbn. vkn ?- !Bglkmtkm6 Rmjvbrsjty k` Onibrto Trbss. ?:12* ot 8?- Waot ibjmc sojg. Aon Trugbm. Wab

Trugbms k` Tbakmomje.supro mktb 1 kisbrvbs !ot 0:* taot tajs gjg mkt lbom taot tab cun` ibtwbbm tab twk crkups jm ?10: wos o wjgb kmb6 Jmtbrlorrjocb js onskom umgbropprbhjotbg òht--- jt js jlpkssjinb tk jcmkrb tab pkwbrùn lbomjmc k` Folbs LhEoys kisbrvotjkm taot tab ljxbg,inkkgs wak wbrb mkt ohtuonny

portjhjpotjmc jm tab rbsjstomhb wbrb rbnotbg tk tab rbsjstbrs-

??Xbb Toun N-O-A- Haortromg.Lomjtkios Ltjs Xbttnblbmt Xhablb k` ?134 !Xoseotkkm6 Rmjvbrsjty k` Xoseothabwom Motjvb Now Hbmtrb- ?::?* ot 90,89-

?9Wab Lbtjs Osskhjotjkm k` Onibrto mktbs taot tab twk jgbmtjtjbs. Aon`,Irbbg omg Ltjs rblojmbg sbporotb. iut kmny umtjn ?10:,346 Lbtjs Nomg Yjcats.

supro mktb ??. ot 1-

?888 Pjht-. h- 8. rbprjmtbg jm Y-X-H- ?:12. Opp- JJ. Mk- 1-

X- 8?- Omg wabrbos jt js bxpbgjbmt. tkworgs tab bxtjmcujsalbmt k` tab Jmgjom tjtnb tk tab nomgs jm tab Trkvjmhb. tk opprkprjotb o pkrtjkm k` suha umcromtbg nomgs. tk tab bxtbmt k` kmbljnnjkm `kur aumgrbg takusomg ohrbs tabrbk`. `kr tab ibmb`jt k` tab òljnjbs k` tab Aon`,irbbg rbsjgbmts. jt js abrbiy bmohtbg. taot. umgbr rbcunotjkms tk ib `rkl tjlb tk tjlb logb iytab Ckvbrmkr Cbmbron jm Hkumhjn. tab Njbutbmomt Ckvbrmkr saonn sbnbht suha nkts kr trohts jm suha ports k` tab Trkvjmhb os ab loy gbbl bxpbgjbmt. tk tab bxtbmt o`krbsojg. omg gjvjgbtab solb olkmc tab hajngrbm k` tab Aon`,Irbbg abogs k` òljnjbs rbsjgjmc jm tab Trkvjmhb ot tab tjlb k` tab sojg troms`br tk Homogo. omg tab solb saonn ib cromtbg tk tab sojg hajngrbmrbspbhtjvbny. jm suha lkgb omg km suha hkmgjtjkms os tk sbttnblbmt kr ktabrwjsb. os tab Ckvbrmkr Cbmbron loy rkl tjlb tk tjlb gbtbrljmb-

?7 @kr bxolpnb tabGkljmjkm Nomgs Oht. X-H- ?13:. h- 8? aog sjljnor nomcuocb6

?92 !b* Wk sotjs`y omy hnojls bxjstjmc jm hkmmbhtjkm wjta tab bxtjmcujsalbmt k` tab Jmgjom tjtnb. prb`brrbg iy aon`,irbbgs rbsjgbmt jm tab Mkrta,Sbst Wbrrjtkrjbs kutsjgb k` tab njljts k`Lomjtkio---

?2Xupro. mktb 8?-

?0Y- v- Akwsb U9448\ 8 H-M-N-Y- 991 !IH Trkv- Ht-*-

?3Abotabr Aonnbtt. Hajngrbm k` tab Yjvbrs. Pkn- ?. ?:::5 Aon Trugbm. kp- hjt-

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taot stjnn aos lblibrs jm Lomjtkio. sklb k` wakl ibnkmc onsk tk tab Lomjtkio Lbtjs @bgbrotjkm- Wab LL@ lblibrsajp jmhnugbsgbshbmgomts k` ikta crkups. omg mk gjstjmhtjkm js logb ibtwbbm tab twk crkups-

Onn ùrtabr rb`brbmhbs tk Ltjs jm tajs popbr wjnn jmhnugb ikta ajstkrjh crkups. taksb krjcjmonny rb`brrbg tk os Ltjs. omg taksbkrjcjmonny rb`brrbg tk os Aon`,irbbgs- Akwbvbr. tab tbrl Aon`,irbbg wjnn onsk ib usbg jm rb`brbmhb tk nbcon gb`jmjtjkms. os tajs wos tabBmcnjsa tbrl blpnkybg jm luha k` tab nbcjsnotjkm omg krgbrs jm hkumhjn k` tab goy-

Ktabr Ljxbg,Inkkg Tbrskms jm Sbstbrm

omg Mkrtabrm Homogo

Wab Lbtjs k` tab Ybg Yjvbr omg Yupbrts Nomg aog gbvbnkpbg tabjr jgbmtjty wjtajm bhkmkljh mjhabs wjtajm tab ùr trogb systbl.

?1

omgiy tab ljg pkjmt k` tab ?: ta hbmtury. vorjkus crkups k` tabl njvbg nj`bstynbs jmvknvjmc bnblbmts growm `rkl ikta tab Jmgjom omg tab Burkpbomhunturbs `rkl wajha taby wbrb gbshbmgbg- Waby òrlbg tabjr rjvbrnkts. trogbg omg wkrebg os hnbreskr ot ktabr khhupotjkms osskhjotbg wjtatab sbttnbg hkllumjtjbs jm taot port k` Yupbrts Nomg. k`tbm rbhbjvbg Burkpbom bguhotjkm omg rbnjcjkus jmstruhtjkm omg njvbg jm sbttnblbmtsonkmc tab rjvbrs jm luha tab solb woy taot tab Burkpbom hknkmjsts omg Homogjom sbttnbrs gjg- Waby spkeb Burkpbom nomcuocbs. Bmcnjsa omg@rbmha. onkmc wjta ktabr Oikrjcjmon nomcuocbs. jmhnugjmc Ljhaj` nomcuocbs omg Iumcj -?:

Waby. omg portjhunorny tab @rbmha,spboejmc Ltjs. onsk usbg omg khhupjbg tab pnojms `rbbny km ikta sjgbs k` tab ikrgbr ibtwbbm Homogoomg tab Rmjtbg Xtotbs94omg bmcocbg jm crbot iu`ònk aumts. sklbtjlbs wjmtbrbg òr `rkl tabjr sbttnblbmts omg lomy hkmtjmubg tk jmtbrlorrywjta Jmgjoms omg tk bmcocb jm ktabr ospbhts k` tab Jmgjom nj`bstynb- Wab rbsunt wos o vorjbty k` stynbs k` nj`b omg lkgbs k` hkllbrhb-

Srjtjmc jm ?114. Lomjtkio Njbutbmomt Ckvbrmkr Onbxomgbr Lkrrjs mktbg tarbb typbs k` ljxbg,omhbstry pbrskms jm Yupbrts Nomg iosbgkm tabjr nj`bstynbs. hunturbs omg sbmsb k` wak taby wbrb6

Wab Aon`,irbbgs jm tab Wbrrjtkrjbs orb k` tarbb hnossbs ,?st. taksb wak. os ot Xt- Nourbmt. mbor Trjmhb Onibrt. tab _uOppbnnb Noebs omg Bglkmtkm. aovb tabjr

òrls omg aklbs5 9mg. taksb wak orb bmtjrbny jgbmtj`jbg wjta tab Jmgjoms. njvjmc wjta tabl omg spboejmc tabjr nomcuocb5 8rg. taksb wak gk mkt òrl. iut njvb

o`tbr tab aoijts k` tab Jmgjoms. iy tab pursujt k` tab iu`ònk omg tab haosb-9?

Wab Nomg Yjcats Tknjhy kr Ljxbg,Inkkgs omg tab Jmgjom Oht Gb`jmjtjkm

Ibhousb k` tabsb gj``brbmhbs jm nj`bstynb. hunturb omg sbn`,jgbmtj`jhotjkm olkmc taksb k` ljxbg omhbstry. wabm tab trboty hklljssjkmbrsbmtbrbg Lomjtkio jm ?13? tk mbcktjotb tab `jrst k` waot wkung ibhklb tab bnbvbm mulibrbg trbotjbs. Aon`,irbbgs--- bmtjrbny jgbmtj`jbg wjtatab Jmgjoms. njvjmc wjta tabl omg spboejmc tabjr nomcuocb wbrb onnkwbg tk toeb trboty os Jmgjoms- 99Waksb wak aog tabjr òrls omg aklbsos wbnn os taksb wak njvbg o`tbr tab aoijts k` tab Jmgjoms wbrb k``brbg shrjp- 98

Jm sakrt. taksb wak takucat k` tablsbnvbs os Jmgjom omg njvbg tab Jmgjom nj`bstynb wbrb trbotbg iy Homogo os ibjmc Jmgjoms- Waksb waktakucat k` tablsbnvbs os gj``brbmt `rkl Jmgjoms omg wak njvbg bjtabr tab lkrb sbttnbg Burkpbom òrljmc nj`bstynb kr tab lkrb mklogjh omgsboskmon Ltjs nj`bstynb wbrb trbotbg lkrb jm tab woy taot tab mkm,Oikrjcjmon jmaoijtomts wbrb gbont wjta. ot nbost os òr os tabjr nomg rjcatswbrb hkmhbrmbg-97

?1Abotabr Gbvjmb. Nbs Gbsfornojs6 Wab Gbvbnkplbmt omg Gjspbrsjkm k` o Trktk,Lbtjs Aumtjmc Iomg. ?312,?134). jm Ijmmblo. bt on. supro. mktb ?9.?9:. ot

?29. omg jijg. Fkam @kstbr. Sjmtbrjmc. Wab Kutsjgbr Ogunt Lonb omg tab Btamkcbmbsjs k` tab Sbstbrm Tnojms Lbtjs ?3:5 Fkam @kstbr. Wab Trkinbl k` lbtjsrkkts jm Tbtbrskm omg Irkwm.supro. mktb ?9. 38. ot 1?5 omg Gjomb Toylbmt. Wab @rbb Tbkpnb, Ktjpbljsjwoe6 Iotkhab. Xoseothabwom ?134,?:84- !Kttowo-

Ljmjstbr k` Xuppny omg Xbrvjhbs- Ljmjstbr k` tab Bmvjrkmlbmt- Tores Xbrvjhb- ?::4* Xbb onsk. mktb 13. jm`ro-

?:Ljhaj` js gbshrjibg jm mktb 89. supro- Iumcj wos o ayirjg k` Kremby Xhkttjsa omg Hrbb omg js rbpkrtbg tk ib spkebm iy o gbhnjmjmc mulibr k` spboebrs jm o

`bw Lomjtkio hkllumjtjbs6 Gkmong Turjha. Wab Lbtjs !Wkrkmtk6 Folbs Nkrjlbr omg Hk-. ?:11* ot ??-

94O sakrt ohhkumt k` tab ajstkry k` tab Ltjs jm tab Rmjtbg Xtotbs js prkvjgbg iy Pbrmb Gusbmibrry. Sojtjmc `kr tab goy taot mbvbr hklbs6 tab gjspkssbssbg

ltjs k` Lkmtomo jm Wab Mbw Tbkpnbs.supro mktb ?9. ??:- Ajstkrjhonny tab Ltjs mkw jm tab sbvbron stotbs mbor tab ikrgbr wjta Homogo orb gbshbmgbg `rkltwk lojm crkups k` ljxbg,inkkg pbkpnb6 taksb hbmtrbg jm Tblijmo. Mkrta Goekto omg taksb notbr orrjvons `rkl Homogo o`tbr tab bvbmts k` ?10: omg ?112- Xbbonsk. Wurtnb Lkumtojm Iomghosb. mktb 924. jm`ro-

9?Onbxomgbr Lkrrjs. Wab Wrbotjbs k` Homogo wjta tab Jmgjoms k` Lomjtkio omg tab Mkrta,Sbst Wbrrjtkrjbs !Wkrkmtk6 Ibn`krgs. Hnoreb & Hk-. ?111. rbprjmt

?::?* ot 9:7-

99Ot nbost umtjn ?130. wabm tab `jrst vbrsjkm k` tab Jmgjom Ohtprbvbmtbg taksb wak aog ybt tk toeb trboty jm Lomjtkio `rkl gkjmc sk6 X-H- ?130. h- ?1. s- 8!b*6

Trkvjgbg onsk taot mk aon`,irbbg jm Lomjtkio wak aos saorbg jm tab gjstrjiutjkm k` aon`,irbbg nomgs saonn ib ohhkumtbg om Jmgjom5 omg taot mk aon`,irbbg abog k` o òljny !bxhbpt tabwjgkw k` om Jmgjom. kr o aon`,irbbg wak aos onrbogy ibbm ogljttbg jmtk o trboty* saonn. umnbss umgbr vbry spbhjon hjrhulstomhbs. tk ib gbtbrljmbg iy tab Xupbrjmtbmgbmt,Cbmbron krajs ocbmt. ib ohhkumtbg om Jmgjom. kr bmtjtnbg tk ib ogljttbg jmtk omy Jmgjom trboty-

98Mkt onn tab Ltjs wak njvbg o`tbr tab aoijts k` tab Jmgjoms wbrb ottrohtbg iy tab jgbo k` jmgjvjguon shrjp omg kmb crkup oppnjbg tk ib cjvbm o Ltjs rbsbrvb

mbor tab Hyprbss Ajnns k` Xoseothabwom jm ?1316Lbtjs Nomg Yjcats jm Onibrto.supro mktb ??. ot ??7,?2-

97Wab pknjhy js bvjgbmt jm tab Jmgjom nbcjsnotjkm k` Rppbr Homogo upkm wajha tab Jmgjom Oht bm`romhajsblbmt lkgbn js gbrjvbg- Jmgjvjguons wak wbrb

hkmsjgbrbg hopoinb k` prktbhtjmc tabjr prjvotb nomgs jm tab kpbm lorebt wbrb bm`romhajsbg wjta jmgjvjguon nomgs. wajnb ktabrs njvjmc jm trogjtjkmonhkllumjtjbs turmbg jmtk Jmgjom rbsbrvbs. aog tabjr jmtbrbst jm tab crkups nomgs rbhkcmjzbg. iut tab Hrkwm jmtbrpksbg ibtwbbm Jmgjom hkllumjtjbs omg ktabrstk prbvbmt onjbmotjkms k` nomgs wjtakut tab surrbmgbr k` tab Jmgjom nomgs tk tab Hrkwm. wajha aos o `jguhjory guty tk so`bcuorg tab hkrpkrotb jmtbrbsts kÒikrjcjmon pbkpnbs- Xbb Haortromg. supro. mktb 83. ot 14,175 sbb onsk Fkam X- Ljnnky. Wab Borny Jmgjom Ohts6 Gbvbnkplbmton Xtrotbcy omg Hkmstjtutjkmon

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Xhrjp wos o hbrtj`jhotb iy lboms k` wajha tab `bgbron ckvbrmlbmt gjstrjiutbg Hrkwm nomg km om jmgjvjguon iosjs tk lblibrs k`portjhunor crkups suha os tab krjcjmon mkm,Oikrjcjmon sbttnbrs jm Lomjtkio. vbtbroms k` tab ?112 Mkrtawbst Ybibnnjkm omg tab notbr Ikbr Sor.k``jhbrs k` tab Mkrtawbst Lkumtbg Tknjhb omg ljxbg,omhbstry pbrskms- Wab shrjp k``brbg tk tab nottbr wos k` twk typbs6 nomg kr lkmby- Wab`krlbr wos bxprbssbg os o hbrtojm olkumt k` nomg gbmkljmotbg jm ohrbs. wabrbos tab nottbr wos bxprbssbg jm o gknnor olkumt taot hkung tabm

ib bxhaomcbg `kr nomg-92 Jm ?137 shrjp wos k``brbg tk tab abogs k` tab Ltjs òljnjbs umgbr tab ?137 Gkljmjkm Nomgs Oht90tk suppnblbmt tabnomg gjstrjiutjkm shablb jm tabLomjtkio Oht-

Jm ?130. tab Jmgjom Ohtgb`jmjtjkms k` Jmgjom omg mkm,trboty Jmgjom boha rbqujrbg Jmgjom inkkg- Mkm,trboty Jmgjoms. gb`jmbg oslblibrs k` om jrrbcunor iomg kr taksb `knnkwjmc om Jmgjom lkgb k` nj`b. wbrb taksb wak ibnkmcbg tk crkups taot aog mkt bmtbrbg jmtk otrboty rbnotjkmsajp wjta Homogo-93 Wab trboty,loejmc prkhbss wkung hkmtjmub umtjn ?:9?. omg o`tbrworgs. jm tab `krl k` ogabsjkms. omg Jmgjom

Iromha k``jhjons mbbgbg sklb tbrl wjta wajha tk rb`br tk taksb k` Jmgjom inkkg wjta wakl Homogo aog mkt bstoinjsabg o `krlonrbnotjkmsajp-91

Akwbvbr. Jmgjom inkkg onkmb wos mkt tab gjstjmcujsajmc haorohtbrjstjh k` taksb Oikrjcjmon pbkpnb k``jhjonny hnossj`jbg os ibjmcJmgjoms omg mkm,trboty Jmgjoms. `kr. iy gb`jmjtjkm. Ltjs+Aon ,irbbgs onsk pkssbssbg Jmgjom inkkg- O nbcon gjstjmhtjkm wos rbqujrbg `krk``jhjon purpksbs. `kr ktabrwjsb Ltjs+Aon`,irbbgs wkung orcuoiny ònn wjtajm tab gb`jmjtjkm k` Jmgjom kr mkm,trboty Jmgjom- 9:Waus. tabJmgjom

Ohtonsk prkvjgbg taot mk aon`,irbbg jm Lomjtkio wak aos saorbg jm tab gjstrjiutjkm k` aon`,irbbg nomgs saonn ib ohhkumtbg om Jmgjom- 84Omgsk ibcom tab sbhkmg osskhjotjkm. taot hkmmbhtjmc tab tbrl Ltjs wjta o nomg gjstrjiutjkm shablb os kppksbg tk gbshbmt `rkl o portjhunorskhjk,pknjtjhon crkup kr ajstkrjh motjkm-

Jt js mktkrjkus taot tabrb wbrb prkinbls wjta tab ogljmjstrotjkm ikta k` tab Ltjs nomg onnktlbmt prkvjsjkms `kr Ltjs hajngrbm jm s- 8?k` tab Lomjtkio Ohtos wbnn os wjta tab jssuomhb k` shrjp tk Ltjs abogs k` òljnjbs o`tbr ?137-8? Wab Ykyon Hklljssjkm km OikrjcjmonTbkpnbs rb`brs tk tajs prkhbss os o motjkmon gjscrohb `kr rboskms taot aovb ibhklb jmhrbosjmcny wbnn emkwm- 89 Jm omy bvbmt. wjtajm orbnotjvbny sakrt tjlb tab Lomjtkio Ltjs wbrb swolpbg iy tab tjgb k` mbw orrjvons `rkl Kmtorjk omg bnsbwabrb- 88 Lomy nb`t Lomjtkio prjkr

Haomcb. jm O-N-Cbtty omg O-X- Nussjbr. bg- Os Nkmc Os Wab Xum Xajmbs omg Sotbr @nkws6 O Ybogbr jm Homogjom Motjvb Xtugjbs !Pomhkuvbr- Rmjvbrsjty kÌrjtjsa Hknulijo Trbss. ?:18*-

92Nomg shrjp wos rbgbbloinb `kr tab mulibr k` ohrbs oppborjmc km jts òhb. wajnb lkmby shrjp hkung ib rbgbblbg `kr tab mulibr k` ohrbs hkrrbspkmgjmc tk

tab gknnor olkumt km jts òhb- @kr o ùnnbr gbshrjptjkm k` tab shrjp systbl sbbLbtjs Nomg Yjcats jm Onibrto.supro. mktb ??. 13 bt sbq omg Wab Lbtjs.supro mktb78. ?40 bt sbq-

90Om Oht rbspbhtjmc tab Opprkprjotjkm k Hbrtojm Gkljmjkm Nomgs jm Lomjtkio.. X-H- ?137. h- 946

Sabrbos --- jt wos bmohtbg os bxpbgjbmt tkworgs tab bxtjmcujsalbmt k` tab Jmgjom tjtnb tk tab nomgs k` tab Trkvjmhb k` Lomjtkio tk opprkprjotb--- nomgs `kr tab ibmb`jt k` tab hajngrbm k`tab aon`,irbbg abogs k` oljnjbs rbsjgjmc jm tab prkvjmhb ot tab tjlb k` tab troms`br tabrbk` tk Homogo-

Omg wabrbos mk prkvjsjkm aos ibbm logb `kr bxtjmcujsajmc tab Jmgjom tjtnb os rbspbhts tab sojg aon`,irbbg abogs k` oljnjbs rbsjgjmc jm tab prkvjmhb ot tab pbrjkg5

Wabrb`krb Abr Lofbsty. iy omg wjta tab hkmsbmt k` tab Xbmotb omg Akusb k` Hkllkms. bmohts os `knnkws6

?- Wk b``bht tab purpksb oikvb lbmtjkmbg. boha aon`,irbbg abog k` òljny rbsjgbmt jm tab Trkvjmhb --- saonn ib bmtjtnbg --- tk rbhbjvb o cromt k` ?04 ohrbs k` nomg kr tk rbhbjvb shrjp `kr'?04. tab nottbr tk ib rbhbjvoinb jm poylbmt kr tab purhaosb k` Gkljmjkm Nomgs-

93WabJmgjom Oht. X-H- ?130. h- ?1 hkmtojmbg tab `knnkwjmc gb`jmjtjkms taot wkung ib rbpbotbg jm bvbry rbvjsjkm k` tabOhtumtjn ?:2? wabm taby wbrb grkppbg

jm òvkur k` o rbcjstry opprkoha tk gb`jmjmc Jmgjoms-

Wab tbrl jrrbcunor iomg lboms omy trjib. iomg kr ikgy k` pbrskms k` Jmgjom inkkg wak kwm mk jmtbrbst jm omy rbsbrvb kr nomgs k` wajha tab nbcon tjtnb js vbstbg jm tab Hrkwm. wakpkssbss mk hkllkm ùmg lomocbg iy tab Ckvbrmlbmt k` Homogo. omg wak aovb mkt aog omy trboty rbnotjkms wjta tab Hrkwm- Wab tbrl Jmgjom lboms6@jrst- Omy lonb pbrskm k`Jmgjom inkkg rbputbg tk ibnkmc tk o portjhunor iomg. Xbhkmgny- Omy hajng k` suha o pbrskm.Wajrgny- Omy wklom wak js kr wos nowùnny lorrjbg tk suha pbrskm-Wab tbrl mkm,trboty Jmgjom lboms omy pbrskm k` Jmgjom inkkg wak js rbputbg tk ibnkmc tk om jrrbcunor iomg kr wak `knnkws tab Jmgjom lkgb k` nj`b. bvbm j` suha pbrskm js kmnytblpkrorjny rbsjgbmt jm Homogo-

91@kr bxolpnb. jm ?130 tabrb wbrb crkups suha os tab Xjkux jm skutabrm Lomjtkio omg Xoseothabwom wak aog bljcrotbg `rkl tab Rmjtbg Xtotbs- Waby wbrb

hnborny Jmgjoms. iut mkt Jmgjoms wjta wakl Homogo aog o trboty rbnotjkmsajp- Wab orrjvon k` tab Xjkux jm Homogo js gbshrjibg jm Onom G- LhLjnnom. MotjvbTbkpnbs omg Hunturbs k` Homogo !Pomhkuvbr6 Gkucnos & LhJmtyrb. ?:11* ot ?7?,78- Wab `jrst bmhkumtbrs k` hknkmjon omg notbr Gkljmjkm outakrjtjbs wjtatabsb crkups js rbnotbg jm Wab Wrbotjbs k` Homogo.supro mktb 72. ot 930,17-

9: Jt wos tab vjbw k` tab Hkurt jmY- Akwskm. !?1:7* ? Wbrr- N-Y- 7:9 !M,SWXH bm iomh* ot 7:2 taot tab Jmgjom Ohtwos `rolbg jm tab woy jt wos. wjta bxpnjhjtjmhnusjkms omg bxhnusjkms k` aon`,irbbgs jm vorjkus sbhtjkms sakw taot jt wos tab jmtbmtjkm k` tab Nbcjsnoturb taot tabrb orb aon`,irbbgs wak lust ib hkmsjgbrbgJmgjoms wjtajm tab lbomjmc k` tab Oht5 ibhousb j` tab wkrg !sjh* k` Jmgjom inkkg jm porocropa !a* k` sbhtjkm 9 lbomt k` ùnn Jmgjom inkkg. tabm tabsb

prkvjsjkms ---wbrb bmtjrbny ummbhbssory-

84Xupro mktb 70-

8?Wab shrjp prkvjgbg tk abogs k` òljnjbs lust ib gjstjmcujsabg `rkl tab nomg potbmts jssubg tk hajngrbm pursuomt tk s-8? k` tab Lomjtkio Oht?134. omg wjta

shrjp taot wos notbr jmvonjgny gjstrjiutbg tk hajngrbm o`tbr onn tab ?-7 ljnnjkm ohrbs prkvjgbg `kr umgbr s-8? aog ibbm gjstrjiutbg- Lkst k` tab s-8? nomgs wbrbgjstrjiutbg os nomg potbmts. omg mkt iy shrjp jssubs6 Haortromg. mktb 83. jm`ro- Nomg onnktlbmts tktonnjmc ?.771.?04 ohrbs wbrb gjstrjiutbg `kr 0.487 hnojls k`s-8? nomgs. wabrbos ::8 hnojls wbrb gbont wjta iy jssub k` '974-44 shrjps- Fohe Skkgworg. Motjvb Now !Wkrkmtk6 Horswbnn Ntg-. ?:1:* ot 04-3. hkmùsbs

Lomjtkio Ohtnomgs omgGkljmjkm Nomgs Ohtshrjp. omg oppbors tk stotb taot tab `krlbr wbrb usuonny gjstrjiutbg os shrjp hbrtj`jhotbs-

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tk rbhbjvjmc tabjr nomg kr tabjr shrjp. wajnb ktabrs skng kr ktabrwjsb gjspksbg k` tabjrs- 87 Jm tajs rbcorg Haojrlom Xtrbbt k` tab `jrst Aon`,irbbgshrjp hklljssjkm rbpkrtbg os `knnkws6

Wab shablb wos tk cjvb boha aon` irbbg abog k` o òljny ?04 ohrbs. omg tk boha aon` irbbg hajng 974 ohrbs. tab jmtbmtjkm ibjmc taot taby sakung sbttnb upkm tab

nomg omg ibhklb òrlbrs- Wabrb wbrb nkmc gbnoys. akwbvbr. jm loejmc tab onnktlbmts omg prbporjmc tab Hrkwm cromts k` tab nomg omg jm tab rbsunt. tab

lofkrjty k` tab aon` irbbgs rbhbjvbg njttnb ibmb`jt `rkl tabjr onnktlbmts- Ibjmc pkkr omg jlprkvjgbmt. mulibrs k` tabl skng tabjr rjcats tk spbhunotkrs `kr o

trj`njmc sul omg aog spbmt tab prkhbbgs nkmc ib`krb tab cromts wbrb jssubg-82

Wab rbsunt wos taot iy ?110. kmny oikut ?2" k` tab opprkxjlotbny ?4.444 Ltjs pbrskms rbsjgbmt jm Lomjtkio jm ?134 aog rbhbjvbg omgrbtojmbg tabjr nomg-80 Waksb wak nb`t bstoinjsabg tablsbnvbs `kr tab lkst port km tab tarbb orbos lbmtjkmbg iy Onbxomgbr Lkrrjs6 tab Hyprbss

Ajnns omg Iotkhab,Xt- Nourbmt orbos k` Xoseothabwom omg jm Onibrto orkumg Bglkmtkm. Nbssbr Xnovb Noeb omg jm ktabr slonnbr hkllumjtjbs-Sjta Homogos wbstworg bxpomsjkm. taby tkk gblomgbg taot tabjr nomg rjcats ib gbont wjtawajha Homogo umgbrtkke tk gk ibcjmmjmc wjtatab Xtrbbt Hklljssjkm lbmtjkmbg oikvb jm ?112-

O`tbr ?112. Aon`,irbbg hklljssjkms gbvktbg bmtjrbny tk jssujmc nomg kr lkmby shrjp tk ljxbg,omhbstry pbrskms ibholb o rbcunor`boturb k` tab trboty,loejmc prkhbss jm wbstbrm omg mkrtabrm Homogo- Lkmby shrjp. wajha wos jmstomtny troms`brroinb. wos k`tbm jssubg jmwbstbrm omg mkrtabrm Homogo jm pnohb k` nomg shrjp-83 Ibtwbbm ?112 omg ?:9? o tkton k` ?9 Aon`,irbbg hklljssjkms onnkwbg lkrb taom?8.944 shrjp hnojls. twk tajrgs k` wajha wbrb `kr lkmby shrjp-81

Aovjmc toebm nomg kr lkmby shrjp. tabsb ljxbg,omhbstry pbrskms omg tabjr òljnjbs omg gbshbmgomts wbrb bxpnjhjtny iorrbg `rkl ibjmchkmsjgbrbg tk ib Jmgjoms wjtajm tab lbomjmc k` tabJmgjom Ohttarkuca suhhbssjvb vbrsjkms k` tab Ohtumtjn tab ?:12 rbvjsjkm wabm tab shrjp

ior wos rblkvbg-8:Gbspjtb rblkvon k` tajs kr omy bqujvonbmt ior tk rbcjstrotjkm iosbg km shrjp. tab Gbportlbmt k` Jmgjom O`òjrs Ybcjstroropporbmtny stjnn oppnjbs tab prb,?:12 runbs6 Norry Cjnibrt. Bmtjtnblbmt tk Jmgjom Xtotus omg Lblibrsajp Hkgbs jm Homogo !Wkrkmtk6 Horswbnn.?::3* ot 83. m- 27-

Wab prkhbgurb wos `kr tab hklljssjkmbrs tk bxoljmb tab oppnjhomts tk bmsurb taot taby wbrb k` ljxbg omhbstry omg aog mkt onrbogyrbhbjvbg shrjp bjtabr jm Lomjtkio kr bnsbwabrb jm tab Mkrta Sbst Wbrrjtkrjbs-74 Os jm tab hosb k` tab bornjbr Lomjtkio Ltjs abogs k` òljnyshrjp jssuomhb. lomy k` tab shrjp hbrtj`jhotbs wbrb gjspksbg k` qujheny. nbovjmc tab krjcjmon rbhjpjbmts nomgnbss- @kr jmstomhb. Lr- Fustjhb Xtrbbt

rbpkrts taot tab vbry `jrst pbrskm tk rbhbjvb shrjp `rkl ajs hklljssjkm skng jt km tab spkt `kr kmb aon` jts òhb vonub- 7?

Xhrjp Gjstrjiutjkm tk Ktabrs Mkt Hkmmbhtbg wjta tab Ybg Yjvbr omg Yupbrts Nomgs Lbtjs

89Oppbmgjx 2H6 Ltjs Motjkm Nomg omg Ybskurhb Yjcats jm Ybpkrt k` tab Ykyon Hklljssjkm km Oikrjcjmon Tbkpnbs6 Pknulb 7. Tbrspbhtjvbs omg Ybonjtjbs

!Kttowo6 Ljmjstbr k` Xuppny omg Xbrvjhbs. ?::0* 888- Wabrb js o crbot gbon k` ajstkrjhon wrjtjmc km tajs suifbht mkw- @kr o hklprbabmsjvb rbvjbw k` tab prkhbsswjta nbcon hrjtjhjsls sbbLomjtkios Ltjs Xbttnblbmt Xhablb.supro mktb 8-

88Xjr Fkam O- Lohgkmong hkm`jgbg tk o hknnbocub ot tajs tjlb taot Ut\ab jlpunsjvb Aon`,irbbgs aovb ckt spkjnbg iy tabjr blbutb. omg wjnn aovb tk ib runbg iy o

strkmc aomg umtjn taby orb swolpbg iy tab jm`nux k` sbttnbrs6 Tuinjh Orhajvbs k` Homogo. Lohgkmong Topbrs. F- O- Lohgkmong tk F- Yksb. @biruory 98. ?134.rbpkrtbg jm G-M- Xprocub. Y-T- @ryb. Wab Cbmbonkcy k` tab @jrst Ltjs Motjkm !Sjmmjpbc6 Tblljhom Tuinjhotjkms. ?:18* ot 97-

87Ykibrt E- Waklos jm Wab Mbw Tbkpnbs.supro mktb ?9. jgbmtj`jbs !ot 971,7:* tarbb crkups k` Ybg Yjvbr omg Yupbrts Nomg Ltjs o`tbr tab bvbmts k` ?10: omg

?1126 `jrst. taksb wak stoybg jm rkucany tab orbos k` skutabrm Lomjtkio omg Xoseothabwom wabrb taby wbrb rbsjgbmt5 sbhkmg. taksb wak lkvbg òrtabr mkrta jmLomjtkio. Xoseothabwom omg tab Mkrtawbst Wbrrjtkrjbs5 omg tajrg. taksb wak lkvbg kmtk Jmgjom rbsbrvbs kr rbsbrvotjkms jm Homogo omg tab Rmjtbg Xtotbsrbspbhtjvbny-

82Lomushrjpt k` Lr- Fustjhb S-T-Y- Xtrbbt wabm ab wos logb haojrlom k` o hklljssjkm tk sbttnb tab hnojls k` tab Aon` Irbbg Jmgjoms jm tab Mkrta Sbst

Wbrrjtkrjbs UWab Xtrbbt Ybpkrt\ !Wkrkmtk6 Ykyon Homogjom Jmstjtutb* ot 2. omgsupro. mktb 99- @kr o gjshussjkm k` tab prkinbls sbb Tbrspbhtjvbs omg Ybonjtjbs .supro mktb 84 ot 888 bt sbq- @kr lkrb gbtojnbg ohhkumts sbb G-M- Xprocub. Ckvbrmlbmt Nownbssmbss jm tab Ogljmjstrotjkm k` Lomjtkio Nomg Hnojls. ?134,?113. !?:14* ?4 Lom- N-F- 7?25 Haortromg.Lomjtkios Ltjs Xbttnblbmt Xhablb.supro mktb 83-

80Turjha. Wab Lbtjs. supro mktb 78. ot 34 soys jt wos 94". wajnb tab Lomjtkio Lbtjs @bgbrotjkm sojg jt wos ?2"6 Lomjtkio Lbtjs @bgbrotjkm Jmh- v - O-C-

Homogo. U?::1\ 8 H-M-N-Y- 8: ot 77-

83Lkmby shrjp wos hkmsjgbrbg tk ib pbrskmon prkpbrty. omg tabrb`krb ossjcmoinb wjtakut tab so`bcuorgs osskhjotbg wjta nomg shrjp. wajha wos hkmsjgbrbg tk ib

rbon prkpbrty- XbbLbtjs Nomg Yjcats jm Onibrto.supro mktb ?? ot :0-

81

Wab Lbtjs.supro mktb 78. ot ???,?9-

8:Wab ?:2? vbrsjkm k` tabJmgjom Oht. Y-X-H- ?:2?. h- 9: aog o prkvjsjkm taot rbog os `knnkws6

?9 !?* Wab knnkwjmc pbrskms orb mkt bmtjtnbg tk ib rbcjstbrbg. molbny.!o* o pbrskm wak!j* aos rbhbjvbg kr aos ibbm onnkttbg aon`,irbbg nomgs kr lkmby shrjp.!jj* js o gbshbmgomt k` o pbrskm gbshrjibg jm suisbhtjkm !J*.

74Bmtjtnblbmt tk Jmgjom Xtotus. jijgot ??9,?0- Xbb onsk tab Xtrbbt Ybpkrt.supro mktb 2:. ot ?3-

7?Xtrbbt Ybpkrt. jijg6

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Mkt bvbrykmb wak tkke shrjp o`tbr ?112 wos o lblibr kr gbshbmgomt k` tab Ltjs k` tab Ybg Yjvbr kr k` tab Ltjs hkllumjtjbsbnsbwabrb jm Yupbrts nomg lbmtjkmbg iy Njbutbmomt Ckvbrmkr Lkrrjs- Lomy wbrb pbrskms k` ljxbg omhbstry umhkmmbhtbg tk tab Ybg Yjvbromg Yupbrts Nomg Ltjs wak wbrb `knnkwjmc waot tabJmgjom Ohtrb`brrbg tk os tab Jmgjom lkgb k` nj`b-79

Mkr. cjvbm tabjr bssbmtjonny Jmgjom nj`bstynb. wos ljxbg omhbstry o haorohtbrjstjh taot gjstjmcujsabg tabl `rkl Jmgjoms- Jm om jmqujryjmtk tajs vbry jssub o mulibr k` gbhogbs notbr. Onibrto Fustjhb LohGkmong notbr hkllbmtbg os `knnkws6

Jt js wbnn,emkwm taot olkmc tab Oikrjcjmon jmaoijtomts tabrb wbrb lomy jmgjvjguons k` ljxbg inkkg wak wbrb mkt prkpbrny spboejmc Aonìrbbgs- Tbrskms k`ljxbg inkkg wak ibholb jgbmtj`jbg wjta tab Jmgjoms. njvbg wjta tabl. spkeb tabjr nomcuocb omg `knnkwbg tab Jmgjom woy k` nj`b wbrb rbhkcmjzbg os Jmgjoms-

Wab òht taot tabrb wos wajtb inkkg jm tabjr vbjms wos mk ior tk tabjr ogljssjkm jmtk tab Jmgjom iomgs olkmc wakl taby rbsjgbg-78

Os aog khhurrbg jm Lomjtkio bornjbr. tabsb ljxbg,omhbstry pbrskms wbrb k``brbg tab hakjhb k` toejmc trboty os Jmgjoms kr k` toejmc Aon`,Irbbg shrjp- Jm gb`jomhb k` omy jmtbrprbtotjkm k` tab Jmgjom Ohttaot wkung aovb rbqujrbg purb Jmgjom inkkg jm krgbr tk ib hkmsjgbrbg tk ibJmgjom. tab hkurts rbhkcmjzbg tab nbcon hkmsbqubmhbs k` aovjmc kptbg `kr Jmgjom jgbmtjty vjo tab trboty prkhbss-

@kr bxolpnb. jm tab ?1:7 Mkrta Sbst Wbrrjtkrjbs hosb k`Y- v- Akwskm. o iomg lblibr k` ljxbg omhbstry wos hkmvjhtbg k` ibjmc omJmgjom jm pkssbssjkm k` jmtkxjhomts hkmtrory tk tab ?110 Jmgjom Oht onhkakn prkajijtjkm jm s- :0- Wab Jmgjom Ohtgb`jmjtjkm k` om Jmgjom ossklbkmb pkssbssjmc Jmgjom inkkg wos abng iy tab Hkurt tk lbom omy pbrskm wjta Jmgjom inkkg jm ajs vbjms. omg wabtabr taot inkkg jskitojmbg `rkl tab òtabr kr lktabr- Ckjmc km. tab Hkurt mktbg taot6

Jt js mktkrjkus taot tabrb orb pbrskms jm taksb iomgs wak orb mkt ùnn inkkgbg Jmgjoms. wak orb pkssbssbg k` Houhosjom inkkg. jm lomy k` wakl tab Houhosjom

inkkg norcbny prbgkljmotbs. iut waksb osskhjotjkms. aoijts. lkgbs k` nj`b omg surrkumgjmcs cbmbronny orb bssbmtjonny Jmgjom-77

Akwbvbr. ktabr hurrbmts k` takucat wbrb hkmspjrjmc tk kvbrturm Homogos `khus km nj`bstynb omg sbn`,jgbmtj`jhotjkm wjta o vjbw tk hkst,huttjmc omg ohhkllkgotjmc pajnkskpajbs k` ossjljnotjkm- Wajs wos cbmbronny o pbrjkg jm tab gbvbnkplbmt k` Homogjom Jmgjom pknjhy wabm.o`tbr tab Mkrta,Sbst Ybibnnjkm. tab blpaosjs wos km rbguhjmc bxpbmsbs jm tab Jmgjom Iromha. omg k` lkrb ohtjvbny prklktjmc Xjr Fkam O-

Lohgkmongs nkmc stomgjmc prkcrol k` hjvjnjzjmc Jmgjoms iy bmhkurocjmc tabl tk nborm òrljmc omg trogbs. sbmg tabjr hajngrbm tkrbsjgbmtjon shakkns omg ogkpt nkhon lumjhjpon,stynb iomg hkumhjn ckvbrmlbmt jm rbsbrvb hkllumjtjbs-72

Jm ebbpjmc wjta tajs opprkoha. jmgjvjguon bm`romhajsblbmt omg ossjljnotjkm wos prklktbg. omg tab kut,lorrjocb runbs k` tab Jmgjom Ohtwbrb pbrljttbg tk gjsrupt tab hkabsjvbmbss k` Jmgjom rbsbrvb hkllumjtjbs jm om ottblpt tk gk owoy wjta tab trjion systbl omg ossjljnotb tabJmgjom pbkpnb jm onn rbspbhts wjta tab jmaoijtomts k` tab Gkljmjkm. os spbbgjny os taby orb `jt `kr haomcb- 70

Tort k` gkjmc owoy wjta tab trjion systbl omg prklktjmc jmgjvjguon bhkmkljh sbn`,su``jhjbmhy wos tk bmhkurocb ljxbg,omhbstry pbrskmswak aog toebm trboty os Jmgjoms tk wjtagrow omg tk toeb Aon`,Irbbg shrjp jmstbog- Sjta tajs jm ljmg. tab Jmgjom Ohtwos olbmgbg twjhb- Wab`jrst olbmglbmt jm ?13: wkung aovb rbqujrbg oppnjhomts `kr shrjp tk rbpoy trboty ommujty lkmby rbhbjvbg- 73 Wab sbhkmg jm ?117 rblkvbg tajshkmgjtjkm-71 Jm tajs hkmmbhtjkm tab ?112 Xtrbbt Hklljssjkm rbpkrtbg taot. kut k` o tkton k` 8770 shrjp hnojls onnkwbg. kvbr kmb tajrg !?9:9*wbrb jssubg tk pbrskms wjtagrowjmc `rkl trboty- Omktabr Aon`,irbbg hklljssjkm kmb ybor notbr rbpkrtbg taot k` 87: hnojls onnkwbg. ùnny 89?rbprbsbmtbg pbkpnb nbovjmc trboty tk toeb shrjp-7:

Wab trboty omg Aon`,Irbbg hklljssjkms gjg mkt gbon wjta bvbrykmb jm wbstbrm omg mkrtabrm Homogo wak wos bnjcjinb bjtabr `kr trbotykr shrjp omg oppnjhotjkms. `kr ikta hkmtjmubg o`tbr ?:9?- Ot o hbrtojm pkjmt. tab Jmgjom Iromha ibholb hkmhbrmbg oikut tab mulibr k` ljxbg,

79

Xupro mktb 2?-

78Bxhbrpts `rkl tab Ybpkrt k` tab Akmkuroinb S-O- LohGkmong k` tab Onibrto Gjstrjht Hkurt km tab Bxhnusjkm k` Aon`,Irbbgs `rkl Wrboty Njsts. Oucust 3.

?:77 jm T-O- Hulljmc omg M-A- Ljhebmibrc !bgs-*.Motjvb Yjcats jm Homogo !Wkrkmtk6 Cbmbron Tuinjsajmc Hk- Ntg-. ?:39* ot 892-

77 Xupro mktb 28. ot 7:7- Xbb onsk Y- v- Lbnnkm. !?:44* 2 Wbrr- N-Y- 214 !M,SWXH* ot 21? jm hkmmbhtjkm wjta o sjljnor jssub- Wab ohhusbg wos `kumg cujnty

cujnty umgbr s- :7 k` tab Jmgjom OhtY-X-H- ?110 k` sbnnjmc jmtkxjhomts tk omy Jmgjom kr mkm,trboty Jmgjom mktwjtastomgjmc taot tab purhaosbr k` tab onhkaknaog mkmb k` tab oppobmt jmgjhjo k` ibjmc Jmgjom- Wab fugcb mktbg !ot 219* wjta rbcorg tk tab ohhusbgs gblbomkur omg oppboromhb taot Tbpjm spboes Bmcnjsa`nubmtny omg grbssbs ibttbr taom lomy krgjmory wajtb lbm5 tabrb js mk jmgjhotjkm waotskbvbr jm ajs oppboromhb. jm ajs nomcuocb. kr jm ajs cbmbron gblbomkur.taot ab gkbs mkt ibnkmc tk tab ibttbr hnoss k` aon`,irbbgs-

72Homogo. Jmgjom omg Mkrtabrm O`òjrs Homogo. Wab Ajstkrjhon Gbvbnkplbmt k` tab Jmgjom Oht. Fkam Nbsnjb. Ykm Locujrb bgs- !Kttowo6 Wrbotjbs omg Ajstkrjhon

Ybsborha Iromha. ?:31* ot :4-

70

Xjr Fkam O- Lohgkmong. hkllbmtjmc km tab ckons k` Homogos Jmgjom nbcjsnotjkm6 Ybturm tk om Krgbr k` tab Akusb k` Hkllkms. Loy 9. ?113. jm Homogo.Xbssjkmon Topbrs !Mk- 94i* ?113. 83- Xbb jm oggjtjkm tab Ykyon Hklljssjkm km Oikrjcjmon Tbkpnbs. Wab Jmgjom Oht jm Homogo. Ykyon Hklljssjkm kmOikrjcjmon Tbkpnbs. Ybpkrt k` tab Ykyon Hklljssjkm km Oikrjcjmon Tbkpnbs6 Pknulb ?. Nkkejmc @krworg. Nkkejmc Iohe !Kttowo6 Ljmjstbr k` Xuppny omgXbrvjhbs. ?::0* 922-

73X-H- ?13:. h- 87. s- ?-

71X-H- ?117. h- 93. s-7-

7:Wab `jcurbs orb hjtbg jm Tbrhy Akgcbs. B-G- Mkkmom. Xoseothabwom Lbtjs6 Irjb` km Jmvbstjcotjkm jmtk tab Nbcon. Bqujtoinb omg Lkron Hnojlbs !sjh* k` tab

Lbtjs Tbkpnb k` Xoseothabwom jm Ybnotjkm tk tab Bxtjmcujsalbmt k` tab Jmgjom Wjtnb !Xoseothabwom Orhajvbs Ikorg. Trbljbrs K``jhb. Y,?:?. Ikx ?. T,L9*!Ybcjmo. Funy 91. ?:78* ot ?9?,99 UWabAkgcbs omg Mkkmom Ybpkrt\-

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omhbstry pbrskms toejmc trboty os Jmgjoms- Os o rbsunt k` tab notb trboty ogabsjkms jm tab Nbssbr Xnovb Noeb orbo. `kr bxolpnb. tab nkhon iomgnjsts wbrb bxoljmbg omg kvbr 044 pbkpnb wbrb gjshaorcbg km tab sknb iosjs taot taby wbrb k` ljxbg omhbstry-

Wab rbsuntjmc ùrkr nbg tk om jmqujry iy Fugcb S-O- Lohgkmong k` tab Onibrto Gjstrjht Hkurt wak `kumg taot kmny orkumg 944 k` tabgjshaorcbg pbrskms aog toebm shrjp bornjbr omg tabrb`krb lbrjtbg gjshaorcb umgbr tab Jmgjom Oht runbs- Wab rbst. jm ajs vjbw. kucat tk aovb

ibbm rbjmstotbg km tab iosjs k` tab nkmc,stomgjmc pknjhy k` cjvjmc ljxbg,omhbstry pbrskms wak njvbg om Jmgjom nj`bstynb tab hakjhb k` toejmctrboty- Mkmbtabnbss. tab Gbportlbmt rbjmstotbg kmny oikut o tajrg k` taksb taot ab rbhkllbmgbg ib rbturmbg tk iomg lblibrsajp- 24

Wab mbt rbsunt k` tab jssuomhb k` shrjp tk ljxbg,omhbstry pbrskms njvjmc om Jmgjom nj`bstynb wak wbrb mkt hkmmbhtbg tk tab ajstkrjh YbgYjvbr Ltjs Motjkm kr tk tab rbnotbg Yupbrts Nomg Ltjs hkllumjtjbs lbmtjkmbg iy Njbutbmomt Ckvbrmkr Lkrrjs wos tk hrbotb o norcb

pkpunotjkm k` pbrskms k` Oikrjcjmon gbshbmt. hunturb omg nj`bstynb wak wbrb mkt rbhkcmjzbg iy Homogo os ibjmc Jmgjoms omg wak tabrb`krb

aog mk nbcon rjcat tk njvb os lblibrs k` iomgs km Jmgjom rbsbrvbs-Lomy k` tabsb pbkpnb wbrb `kumg jm tab lkrb mkrtabrny pkrtjkms k` tab projrjb prkvjmhbs omg jm tab Mkrtawbst Wbrrjtkrjbs wabrb tabyhkmtjmubg tk pursub o trogjtjkmon wjngnj`b aorvbstjmc nj`bstynb jm slonnbr òljny crkups kr os port k` Oikrjcjmon hkllumjtjbs kutsjgb tab`krlon rbsbrvb systbl- Waby ljcat ktabrwjsb sbn`,jgbmtj`y os. omg ib honnbg. mkm,stotus Jmgjoms kr mkm,trboty Jmgjoms- Akwbvbr. taby orb mkwk`tbm honnbg Ltjs ibhousb taby orb osskhjotbg wjta tab nomg gjstrjiutjkm systbl rb`nbhtbg iy tab usb k` shrjp `kr lkmby kr onjbmoinb nomg-

Wab Onibrto Bxpbrjbmhb

Wab bssbmtjon Jmgjommbss omg pkkr skhjk,bhkmkljh hkmgjtjkms k` tab pbkpnb gbshrjibg oikvb jmspjrbg Xoseothabwom jm tab ?:84s tkprbss tab `bgbron ckvbrmlbmt tk rbvbrsb jts pknjhy omg tk rbjmstotb tabsb sk,honnbg Ltjs tk Jmgjom stotus- 2?

Fust tab kppksjtb opprkoha wos toebm jm Onibrto- Gurjmc tab Bwjmc Hklljssjkm aborjmcs rbcorgjmc tab Aon`,irbbg pkpunotjkm k` tabprkvjmhb k` Onibrto jm ?:82. Oikrjcjmon wjtmbssbs logb jt hnbor taot tab lofkrjty k` tab lkst gbstjtutb Aon`,irbbg+Ltjs wbrb Jmgjomtarkuca omg tarkuca. bxhbpt `kr tab molbs. taby orb stjnn Jmgjom-29 O sjljnor hkllbmt wos k``brbg iy Fkb Gjkm wak mktbg taot Ut\ab lkstgbstjtutb olkmcst tab Lbtjs tkgoy orb tab gbshbmgomts k` taksb wak nb`t trboty tk toeb shrjp- 28Wab Hklljssjkm ocrbbg. omg tkke os jtswkrejmc gb`jmjtjkm k` Aon`,irbbg+Ltjs o pbrskm k` ljxbg inkkg. wajtb omg Jmgjom. wak njvbs tab nj`b k` tab krgjmory Jmgjom- 27

Wab gb`jmjtjkm k` Ltjs ogkptbg jm tab ?:81 Lbtjs Ibttbrlbmt Ohtbstoinjsajmc tab Ltjs hknkmjbs wos sklbwaot irkogbr.22

iut rbvbrtbgjm ?:74 tk o morrkwbr gb`jmjtjkm rbqujrjmc kmb quortbr Jmgjom inkkg- Wab quortbr,inkkg rbqujrblbmt rblojmbg jm tab Oht umtjn ?::4 20 omgb``bhtjvbny bxhnugbg tab gbshbmgomts k` tab Ybg Yjvbr omg Yupbrts Nomg Ltjs waksb Jmgjom omhbstkrs wbrb usuonny tkk òr rblkvbg jm tjlbtk lbbt tajs rbqujrblbmt-23

Wab mbw gb`jmjtjkm. akwbvbr. haomcbg tab `khus `rkl ijknkcy tk hunturb omg pbrskmon hklljtlbmt. rb`brrjmc tk pbrskms wak osskhjotbwjta Lbtjs hunturb omg ajstkry. jmstbog k` tk inkkg quomtul- Wajs sakws tab sjcmj`jhomhb k` haomcbs jm sbn`,pbrhbptjkm omg jgbmtj`jhotjkmkvbr tjlb- Ontakuca tab Lbtjs Xbttnblbmts @bgbrotjkm aos khhosjkmonny fkjmbg tab Ltjs Motjkmon Hkumhjn jm nkiiyjmc ckvbrmlbmts kmlottbrs k` lutuon jmtbrbst. jt aos mbvbr rbhkcmjzbg tab LMH os tab rbprbsbmtotjvb k` jts lblibrs- Wab pknjtjhon rbnotjkmsajp js hklpnjhotbg iytab òht taot jmgjvjguon Xbttnblbmt lblibrs orb lblibrs k` tab LMH o``jnjotb jm Onibrto. tab sk,honnbg Lbtjs Motjkm k` Onibrto- Wab jgbo kò prkvjmhjon motjkm js jmhkmsjstbmt wjta tab LMH jgbo k` kmb Lbtjs motjkm. iut jt js om kpbm qubstjkm wabtabr tab nkcjh k` tab molb k` tabkrcomjzotjkm js o trub lbosurb k` tab jmtbmtjkm k` jts lblibrs-

24Yjhaorg H- Gomjbn.O Ajstkry k` Motjvb Hnojls Trkhbssbs jm Homogo !Kttowo6 Gbportlbmt k` Jmgjom O`òjrs. ?:14* ot 97,92-

2?

Nbttbr `rkl Xoseothabwom Ottkrmby Cbmbron W-H- Govjs. tk `bgbron Ljmjstbr k` tab Jmtbrjkr. W-H- Hrbror. Gbhblibr ??. ?:82. bxtrohtbg jm Tbrspbhtjvbs omgYbonjtjbs.supro mktb 34. ot 8236

Wabsb mkm,trboty aon`,irbbgs hkmstjtutb o hkmsjgbroinb prkinbl- Wab Jmgjom strojm prbgkljmotbs omg taby orb tk onn jmtbmts omg purpksbs Jmgjoms jm tabjr aoijts omg tabjrkutnkke upkm nj`b---

Sb wkung tabrb`krb succbst taot taby ib cjvbm tab kppkrtumjty k` ibhkljmc Wrboty Jmgjoms. lkvjmc kmtk tab Jmgjom Ybsbrvbs omg hkljmc umgbr tab furjsgjhtjkm k` tab JmgjomGbportlbmt

29Wbstjlkmy k` Fjl Irogy. Bwjmc Hklljssjkm Trkhbbgjmcs ot 27. rbpkrtbg jmLtjs Nomg Yjcats.supro mktb ??. ot ?:4- Irogys hkllbmt wos os knnkws6

Sbnn. tabrb js kmb tajmc yku aovb tk rblblibr. tab krjcjmon Aon`,irbbg. tab Ybg Yjvbr Lbtjs. tab lofkrjty k` tabsb pbkpnb orb stjnn horryjmc km. taby orb stjnn lkrb kr nbss oinb tk akngtabjr kwm- Wab lofkrjty k` tab gbstjtutb pbkpnb tkgy olkmc tab Lbtjs wbrb krlbrny trboty Jmgjoms. taby orb Jmgjom tarkuca omg tarkuca. bxhbpt kr tab molbs. taby orb stjnn Jmgjoms-

28Wbstjlkmy k` Fkb Gjkm. Bwjmc Hklljssjkm Trkhbbgjmcs ot ?7. rbpkrtbg jm Lurroy Gkiijm. Wab Kmb,omg,O,Aon` Lbm !Pomhkuvbr6 Mbw Xtor Ikkes. ?:1?*

ot :2-

27

Bwjmc Hklljssjkm Ybpkrt. rbpkrtbg jm @rbg Lortjm. @bgbron omg Trkvjmhjon Ybspkmsjijnjty jm tab Lbtjs Xbttnblbmts k` Onibrto jm Govjg H- Aowebs !bg-*.Oikrjcjmon Tbkpnbs omg Ckvbrmlbmton Ybspkmsjijnjty !Kttowo6 Hornbtkm Rmjvbrsjty Trbss. ?::?* 978 ot 904-

22X-O- ?:81. h- 0. s- 9!o*6 Lbtjs lboms o pbrskm k` ljxbg wajtb omg Jmgjom inkkg. iut gkbs mkt jmhnugb bjtabr om Jmgjom kr o mkm,trboty Jmgjom os gb`jmbg jm

tabJmgjom Oht-

20Y-X-O- ?:34. h- 988- X- 9!o*6 Lbtjs lboms o pbrskm k` ljxbg wajtb omg Jmgjom inkkg aovjmc mkt nbss taom ?+7 Jmgjom inkkg. iut gkbs mkt jmhnugb bjtabr om

Jmgjom kr o mkm,trboty Jmgjom os gb`jmbg jm tab Jmgjom Oht- Jm ?::4 tab Lbtjs Xbttnblbmts Oht. h- L,?7-8. X-O- ?::4. s- ?!f* rbpnohbg tajs wjta o gb`jmjtjkmrbqujrjmc sjlpny taot Lbtjs ib o pbrskm k` Oikrjcjmon omhbstry wak jgbmtj`jbs wjta Lbtjs ajstkry omg hunturb-

23Os o ùrtabr rb`nbhtjkm k` tab Jmgjom,krjbmtbg snomt k` tab hknkmy shablb tab bjcat hknkmjbs wbrb krcomjzbg omg rum iy tab Onibrto ckvbrmlbmt jm luha tab

solb potbrmonjstjh woy os Jmgjom rbsbrvbs wbrb ogljmjstbrbg iy tab `bgbron ckvbrmlbmt6 Wab Lbtjs.supro mktb 78. ot ?72-

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10/37

Lbtjs Jgbmtjty jm Ybhbmt Trojrjb Hosbs

Wab jssub k` Jmgjom vbrsus Ltjs jgbmtjty aos mkw rb,blbrcbg jm o fugjhjon hkmtbxt jm o sbrjbs k` aumtjmc omg `jsajmc hosbs `rkl tabTrojrjbs- @kr bxolpnb. jm tab rbhbmt Lkrjm omg Gojcmbount Hosb `rkl Xoseothabwom tab ohhusbg wbrb tab gbshbmgomts k` ljxbg,omhbstry

pbrskms wak tkke shrjp omg wbrb haorohtbrjzbg iy hkumsbn omg iy tab Trkvjmhjon Hkurt os ibjmc Ltjs- Ikta ohhusbg pbrskms aog ibbmhaorcbg wjta `jsajmc wjtakut o njhbmhb- Akwbvbr. ikta wbrb pursujmc o trogjtjkmon nj`bstynb os lblibrs k` o mkrtabrm XoseothabwomOikrjcjmon hkllumjty taot hkmtjmubg tk njvb k`` tab nomg- Jm gjshussjmc tab abrjtocb omg sbn`,gbshrjptjkm k` tab ohhusbg. tab Hkurt mktbg tab`knnkwjmc6

Nkujs Lkrjm--- js tab òtabr k` tab ohhusbg Iruhb Lkrjm- Sajnb ab js k` ljxbg wajtb omg Jmgjom inkkg. `jttjmc tab gb`jmjtjkm k` Lbtjs. ab ikta honnbg ajlsbn` omg

hkmsjgbrbg ajlsbn` tk ib o mkm,stotus kr mkm,trboty Jmgjom- Onn k` tab Lbtjs wjtmbssbs. jmhnugjmc tab ohhusbg hkmsjgbr tablsbnvbs os mkm,trboty Jmgjoms-21

Wab Trkvjmhjon Hkurt onsk mktbg taot taksb wak tkke shrjp wbrb vjrtuonny jmgjstjmcujsaoinb `rkl taksb wak tkke trboty- @urtabrlkrb.taby tkke shrjp tk ovkjg ibjmc hkm`jmbg tk rbsbrvbs kr rbstrjhtbg jm akw taby njvbg tabjr njvbsjm krgbr tk ib tab ikss k` tablsbnvbs 2:os kmbk` tab ohhusbg put jt. omg mkt ibhousb k` omy sbmsb k` ibjmc lorebgny gj``brbmt `rkl tab Oikrjcjmon pbkpnb njvjmc tab solb nj`bstynb wak tkketrboty os Jmgjoms-04 Km oppbon. tab nkwbr hkurts `jmgjmc wos bhakbg iy tab _ubbms Ibmha- 0?

Xjljnor kisbrvotjkms orb logb iy ktabr hkllbmtotkrs09 os wbnn os jm ktabr hosbs `rkl wbstbrm Homogo- Jm tab @brcuskm Hosb `rklOnibrto. `kr jmstomhb. tab ohhusbg wos gbshbmgbg `rkl pbrskms wak tkke shrjp. rb`brrbg tk iy tab Trkvjmhjon Hkurt os aon`,irbbgs- Akwbvbr.Lr- @brcuskm. wak aog ibbm haorcbg wjta aumtjmc wjtakut o njhbmhb. wos ikrm omg rojsbg jm om jsknotbg mkrtabrm Onibrto Hrbb,spboejmchkllumjty taot hkmtjmubg tk `knnkw waot tab Hkurt rb`brrbg tk os tab Jmgjom lkgb k` nj`b- Jm upakngjmc ajs rjcat umgbr tab Moturon

Ybskurhbs Wroms`br Ohttk aumt os om Jmgjom. tab Hkurt rbstbg jts hkmhnusjkm km tab òht taot tab ohhusbgs Jmgjom nj`bstynb logb ajl o mkm,trboty Jmgjom umgbr tab ?:93Jmgjom Ohtmktwjtastomgjmc taot onn `kur k` ajs cromgporbmts aog toebm shrjp- 08

Wab rbsunt k` tajs omg sjljnor hosbs js taot jt js mkt bmtjrbny hnbor akw pbkpnb wak wbrb mbvbr port k` tab ajstkrjh Ybg Yjvbr kr Yupbrts

Nomg ajstkrjh Ltjs Motjkm wkung hakksb tk gbshrjib tablsbnvbs wbrb taby òhbg wjta tab kptjkm tk gk sk iy k``jhjon pknjhy- Ontakuca k`tbmgbshrjibg iy fugcbs. ckvbrmlbmt k``jhjons omg ktabr Homogjom hjtjzbms os ibjmc Ltjs. jt sbbls hnbor taot tajs js o nkksb gbshrjptjkm fustj`jbgkmny iy tabjr ljxbg omhbstry omg o ajstkry k` aovjmc toebm shrjp- Lomy. jt js emkwm. ibnkmc tk Lbtjs krcomjzotjkms. jm wajha ikta Lbtjs omgmkm,stotus Jmgjoms aovb nkmc ibbm ohhbptbg-

Om bxolpnb k` o crkup hkllkmny emkwm os Lbtjs taot aos mk ajstkrjh hkmmbhtjkm wjta Yjbns pbkpnb. js tab ljxbg,omhbstry pbrskmsmkw rbsjgbmt jm tab orbo k` Cromgb Hohab jm wbstbrm Onibrto- Waby orb mkt gbshbmgbg `rkl tab Ybg Yjvbr omg Yupbrts Nomg Ltjs5 rotabr.taby orb tab gbshbmgomts k` Jrkqukjs. @rbmha Homogjom omg ktabr `rbblbm wak jmtbrlorrjbg `jrst wjta tab nkhon Oikrjcjmon pbkpnb omg tabmjmhrbosjmcny olkmc tablsbnvbs-07

Njvjmc jm o rbnotjvbny jsknotbg port k` Onibrto. tajs crkup wos mbvbr hkm`rkmtbg wjta tab mbhbssjty k` gb`jmjmc jtsbn`- Rmgbr tab jm`nubmhbk` Harjstjom ljssjkmorjbs. o norcb mulibr k` tabsb `knes bstoinjsabg tablsbnvbs ot rbnjcjkus ljssjkms mbor Bglkmtkm jm tab mjmbtbbmta hbmtury-

21Y- v- Lkrjm omg GojcmbountU?::0\ 8 H-M-N-Y- ?23 ot ?0:-

2:Jijgot ?3?-Wab Hrbb tbrl ktjpblsjwue aos ibbm hkllkmny usbg jm sklb pnohbs tk rb`br tk Lbtjs pbkpnb- Jt krjcjmotbg jm tab tbrl `rbblbm. tab `krlbr

blpnkybbs k` tab A-I-H- wak stortbg waot skhjon shjbmtjsts aovb honnbg tab borny prktk,Lbtjs hkllumjtjbs jm tab vonnbys k` tab wbstbrm rjvbrs-

04Wajs fugjhjon `jmgjmc js hkmsjstbmt wjta ajstkrjhon bvjgbmhb taot tab krjcjmon gbhjsjkms rbcorgjmc wak wos prkvjgbg wjta shrjp kr ogljttbg tk trboty wbrb k`tbm

jmhkmsjstbmt omg orijtrory- Xbb. kr bxolpnb.Bmtjtnblbmt tk Jmgjom Xtotus.supro mktb 08. ot 8 wabrb Norry Cjnibrt mktbs km tab iosjs k` ajs bxoljmotjkm k` tabbvjgbmhb taot iurbouhrots omg pknjtjhjoms gbhjgbg taot trboty bmtjtnblbmt wos njljtbg tk o hbrtojm hnoss k` Jmgjoms- Akwbvbr. tab gb`jmjtjkm k` taot hnoss wos`nujg omg tab gbhjsjkms wbrb k`tbm orijtrory os sklb iurbouhrots omg pknjtjhjoms wkung ogljt aon`,irbbgs wajnb ktabrs wkung mkt-

0?U?::1\ ? H-M-N-Y- ?19 ot 9486

Wab bvjgbmhb ot trjon. ikta kron omg gkhulbmtory. bstoinjsabg taot jm mkrtabrm Xoseothabwom. ajstkrjhonny omg mkw. tabrb wos vbry njttnb. j` omy. gjstjmhtjkm ibtwbbm tab Jmgjom omgLbtjs Oikrjcjmon pbkpnb- Wab gjstjmhtjkm aos onwoys ibbm prjlorjny o nbcon kmb iosbg km wabtabr omhbstkrs kptbg `kr Xhrjp kr Wrboty-

Jm tab rbsunt. tab ohhusbg wbrb ohqujttbg km tab iosjs k` o Ltjs Oikrjcjmon rjcat umgbr s- 82-

09Norry Cjnibrt loebs o sjljnor kisbrvotjkm.supro mktb 08. ot 8:6 Wab bvjgbmhb gjshnksbs taot tab Ckvbrmlbmt k` Homogo aog o gj``jhunt tjlb gjstjmcujsajmc

ibtwbbm Jmgjoms omg pbrskms k` ljxbg inkkg- Tbraops jt wos tab mklogjh woy k` nj`b saorbg iy ikta pkpunotjkms. jgbmtjhon hnktajmc. jmtbrlorrjocb. saorjmc k`nomcuocbs omg sklbtjlbs hustkls-08

Y- v- @brcuskm U?::8\ 9 H-M-N-Y- ?71 !Onto- Trkv- Ht-*. upabng U?::7\ ? H-M-N-Y- ??3 !Onto- _-I-*- Jt sakung ib mktbg taot mkt onn tab hosbs ck jm òvkur k`

ljxbg,omhbstry ohhusbg jm tab MYWO hkmtbxt- Jm Xoseothabwom jm portjhunor tab trbmg aos ibbm ljxbg- @kr bxolpnb. jmY- v- Cbmbrbux U?:19\ 8 H-M-N-Y- :2ot ?48 tab Trkvjmhjon Hkurt `kumg taot tab ohhusbg wos mkt om Jmgjom `krMYWO purpksbs ibhousb k` ajs nohe k` Jmgjom stotus umgbr tab Jmgjom Oht , omg tajsgbspjtb tab òht taot ajs òljny wbrb aon`,irbbgs iut aog njvbg km tab rbsbrvb omg ogabrbg tk tab solb nj`bstynb `kr tarbb cbmbrotjkms-07

@rbblbm wbrb Jmgjom. Ltjs omg @rbmha Homogjom pbrskms wak loy ot kmb tjlb aovb ibbm blpnkybg iy tab ùr trogb hklpomjbs- Xuisbqubmtny taby sbt

tablsbnvbs up jm tab iusjmbss k` suppnyjmc lbot omg ùrs tk tabjr `krlbr blpnkybrs- Xbb Fkam B- @kstbr. Wab prkinbl k` ltjs rkkts jm Wab Mbw Tbkpnbs.supro mktb 9. 38 ot 1?- Wab krjcjms omg ajstkry k` tab Cromgb Hohab crkup !wajha jmhnugbs Jrkqukjs. Kfjiwoy omg Hrbb omtbhbgbmts* js gjshussbg jm Lbtjs NomgYjcats.supro mktb ??. 9?2 ot 9?0,99- Wab Hrbb tbrl `kr `rbblbm js. ohhkrgjmc tk sklb skurhbs. ktjpblsjwue. omg tajs tbrl hkmtjmubs tk ib usbg iy sklbpbkpnb jm rb`brbmhb tk Lbtjs pbkpnb- Xbb. jm`ro. mktb omg ohhklpomyjmc tbxt-

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11/37

Waby ogkptbg òrljmc. tkke trboty os tab Ljhabn Iomg k` Jmgjoms omg wbrb ossjcmbg o rbsbrvb- 02 Wab ktabrs. lomy k` wakl tkke shrjp.hkmtjmubg wjta tabjr aumtjmc omg troppjmc nj`bstynb jm tab Cromgb Hohab orbo umtjn rbnotjvbny rbhbmtny- 00 Ontakuca usuonny gbshrjibg iykutsjgbrs os ibjmc Ltjs. jm o òlkus jmhjgbmt jm tab borny ?:34s Onibrto Njbutbmomt,Ckvbrmkr Yonpa Xtbjmaoubr `kumg tabl wjtakut o rbogyomswbr wabm ab osebg tabl j` taby wbrb trboty Jmgjoms. mkm,stotus Jmgjoms kr ltjs- 03

Xjmhb tabm. akwbvbr. tab jmhrbosbg hkmtoht ibtwbbm tajs crkup omg kutsjgbrs aos housbg tabl tk sbbe ossjstomhb iy fkjmjmc tab OnibrtoLtjs Osskhjotjkm !mkw tab Lbtjs Motjkm k` Onibrto*- Akwbvbr. hkllbmtotkrs aovb stotbg taot tab Ltjs noibn aos ibbm sklbtajmc k` o`noc k` hkmvbmjbmhb `kr tabl6

@kr tab Cromgb Hohab pbkpnb. ogkptjmc o ltjs jgbmtjty gkbs mkt lbom taot taby aovb nkst sjcat k` tablsbnvbs os o gjstjmht skhjon crkup- Jgbmtj`yjmc tablsbnvbs

os ltjs ohajbvbs qujtb tab kppksjtb b``bht , jt bmsurbs tabjr hkmtjmubg gjstjmhtjvbmbss jm o skhjon. pknjtjhon omg bhkmkljh bmvjrkmlbmt mkw gkljmotbg iy Burk,

Homogjom jlljcromts- K` onn pkssjinb jgbmtjtjbs. ltjs lkst hnksbny `jts tab pbrhbptjkms wajha kutsjgbrs aovb ajstkrjhonny aog k` tab crkup omg js taus bosjny

ohhbptbg iy mbwhklbrs omg ckvbrmlbmt os o iosjs `kr jmtbrohtjkm- Jt onsk pbrpbtuotbs tab gjstjmhtjvbmbss `rkl Jmgjom skhjon crkups wajha haorohtbrjzbg tab

`rbblbm k` tab mjmbtbbmta hbmtury-01

Jt sbbls hnbor jm rbtrkspbht taot tab nbcon gjstjmhtjkm ibtwbbm tab Cromgb Hohab Ltjs omg tabjr rbnotjvbs wak ibholb tab Ljhabn Iomghommkt aovb aog omytajmc tk gk wjta tabjr rbnotjvb gbcrbbs k` Jmgjom inkkg- Mkr hkung tabjr nj`bstynb aovb aog luha tk gk wjta tab jssub. `krtab crkup gbshrjibg os ibjmc Ltjs `knnkwbg o lkrb trogjtjkmon Jmgjom aumtjmc omg troppjmc nj`bstynb taom gjg taksb wak tkke trboty osJmgjoms- Wab nottbr oppbor tk aovb ogkptbg òrljmc os tabjr prjlory lboms k` njvbnjakkg- 0:

Wab kmny gjstjmhtjkm ibtwbbm tab twk crkups oppbors tk ib o nbcon kmb iosbg km akw Oikrjcjmon pbkpnb k` ljxbg omhbstry haksb tkrbspkmg tk tabjr Oikrjcjmon nomg rjcats-34 Mbvbrtabnbss. tajs gjstjmhtjkm js mkt kmb taot hom prkvjgb omy cbmbron cujgb tk Lbtjs gb`jmjtjkm-Jmhrbosjmcny shrjp,toebrs omg tabjr gbshbmgomts orb haonnbmcjmc tabjr haorohtbrjzotjkm os mkm,Jmgjoms `krMoturon Ybskurhbs Wroms`br

Ocrbblbmt3?omg rbnotbg purpksbs- Omg taby orb wjmmjmc jm tab hkurts-Jm òht. j` tab trbmg k` fugjhjon runjmcs hkmtjmubs jm tajs gjrbhtjkm. jt hom mk nkmcbr ib ossulbg taot shrjp toebrs gk mkt aovb om ohtjkmoinb

hnojl tk rbstkrotjkm k` Jmgjom omg iomg stotus os wbnn os trboty omg rbsbrvb nomg rjcats- Wajs js sakwm iy hosbs suha os tab rbhbmtny

hkmsknjgotbg ohtjkms jm @bgbron Hkurt iy shrjp,toebrs kr tabjr gbshbmgomts jm Gbsfornojs. Cjnn.Lonhknl.Tunnjol omgTorbmtbou- Xhrjp,toebrsomg tabjr gbshbmgomts orb mkw haonnbmcjmc tab nbconjty k` tab jssuomhb k` shrjp omg tab rbsuntomt nkss k` stotus omg trboty rjcats km tab iosjstaot Homogos ohtjkms jm bmtjhjmc tabl tk toeb shrjp wbrb jm irboha k` tabjr trboty rjcats os wbnn os jmstomhbs k` gurbss. umgub jm`nubmhb. `roug.

irjibry omg mkm,bst òhtul-39Lkrbkvbr. jt onsk sbbls pkssjinb taot shrjp,toebrs omg tabjr gbshbmgomts loy ib oinb tk haonnbmcb tab Jmgjom stotus systbl km tab iosjs

taot sklb shrjp,toebrs omg tabjr gbshbmgomts aovb ibbm cromtbg Jmgjom stotus wajnb ktabrs aovb mkt- Wabrb orb lomy rboskms way shrjp,toebrskr tabjr gbshbmgomts loy aovb ibbm oinb tk ohqujrb iomg lblibrsajp omg. o`tbr ?:2?. Jmgjom nbcon stotus. gbspjtb tab Jmgjom Ohtprkvjsjkmbxpnjhjtny bxhnugjmc tabl `rkl Jmgjom nbcjsnotbg stotus- Kmb rboskm wajha js gjshussbg ibnkw loy aovb tk gk wjta tab rbnotjvbny nox rbhkrg,ebbpjmc k` tab Gbportlbmt k` Jmgjom O`òjrs prjkr tk tab ?:2? Jmgjom Ohtrbvjsjkm-

Jm omy bvbmt. jm ?:29 jt ibholb wbnn emkwm jm Homogo taot lomy pbrskms wjta o ajstkry k` shrjp aog ohqujrbg Jmgjom stotus gbspjtb tabstotutkry ior lbmtjkmbg bornjbr- Waot ybor tab Xolskm Iomg k` Onibrto ottblptbg tk aovb ?48 k` jts lblibrs rblkvbg ibhousb taby kr tabjr

02Wrugy Mjhes omg Ebmmbta Lkrcom. Cromgb Hohab6 Wab ajstkrjh gbvbnkplbmt k` om jmgjcbmkus Onibrto ltjs pkpunotjkm jm Wab Mbw Tbkpnbs. jijg. ?08 ot

?30,33- Wab iromha taot lkvbg tk tab Bglkmtkm orbo umgbr tabjr nbogbr Ljhabn Honbakujs ibholb emkwm os tab Ljhabn Iomg- Jm ?:21 tab bmtjrb iomgpurpkrtbg tk bm`romhajsb. om ohtjkm taot tab gbshbmgomts mkw hkmtbst- Xbb. Jmgjom Hnojls Hklljssjkm. @rjbmgs k` tab Ljhabn Xkhjbty Jmqujry ?:21

Bm`romhajsblbmt Hnojl. Lorha ?::1-

00Wab port k` tab crkup `krlbrny rbsjgbmt ot Fospbr Akusb lkvbg tk tab Cromgb Hohab orbo jm ?:?4 wabm taby wbrb bvjhtbg `rkl Fospbr Tore6 Lbtjs Nomg

Yjcats.supro mktb ??. ot 9?1-

03Wab Mbw Tbkpnbs. supro mktb ??. ot ?33-

01Jijgot ?31-

0:Jijgot ?30-

34Kmb k` tab ajstkrjhon jrkmjbs osskhjotbg wjta tab Cromgb Hohab ljxbg,omhbstry crkup gjvjsjkm jmtk tab Ljhabn omg tab Cromgb Hohab crkups rbspbhtjvbny aos

tk gk wjta tab vorjkus `bgbron pknjhy vohjnnotjkms kvbr tab ybors- Kvbr tjlb tab vost lofkrjty k` Ljhabn iomg lblibrs nkst tabjr Jmgjom stotus tarkucabm`romhajsblbmt omg wbrb tabm haorohtbrjzbg os ibjmc Ltjs- Waksb wak rblojmbg jm tab Cromgb Hohab orbo wbrb haorohtbrjzbg os Ltjs `rkl tab kutsbt-Akwbvbr. sjmhb tab ?:12 haomcbs tk tab Jmgjom stotus prkvjsjkms. norcb mulibrs k` Cromgb Hohab pbrskms aovb ottblptbg tk ohqujrb Jmgjom stotus gbspjtb tabjr

ogkptjkm k` tab Ltjs noibn kr pknjtjhon omg ktabr purpksbs- Xbb Jgbmtj`jhotjkm omg Ybcjstrotjkm k` Jmgjom omg Jmujt Tbkpnb. ?::8 gkhulbmt jm tab pkssbssjkmk` tab outakrs taot wos suppnjbg iy tab Gbportlbmt k` Jmgjom O`òjrs !GJOMG* tk tab Ykyon Hklljssjkm km Oikrjcjmon Tbkpnbs ot ?9- GJOMG mktbs wjtarbcorg tk tabjr ottblpt tk ohqujrb Jmgjom stotus !ot ?8* taot Ul\kst pbrskms wbrb gbmjbg rbcjstrotjkm ibhousb k` tab bxtbmsjvb jmstomhb k` shrjp,toejmc jm tabjromhbstry-

3?Jm tab colb nows porocropa k` tab MYWOs jm tab tarbb projrjb prkvjmhbs. wajha orb port k` tab Hkmstjtutjkm Oht. ?:84. tab prkvjmhb cuoromtbbs Jmgjom

aumtjmc omg `jsajmc rjcats `kr `kkg- Wab Ocrbblbmts wbrb mbcktjotbg wjta tab prkvjmhbs kmny. wabm Homogo troms`brrbg hkmtrkn tk tab tarbb projrjb prkvjmhbskvbr rbskurhb rjcats vjo tabMoturon Ybskurhb Wroms`br Ocrbblbmts k` ?:84- Xbb Tbtbr Akcc. Hkmstjtutjkmon Now k` Homogo ?::1 Xtugbmt bgjtjkm !Wkrkmtk-Horswbnn- ?::1* ot 23?,239-

39@bgbron Hkurt Ohtjkm Mk- W,?02,4- Norry Cjnibrt ocrbbs taot tabrb loy wbnn bxjst o ckkg hnojl km tab port k` lomy shrjp,toebrs6 Bmtjtnblbmt tk Jmgjom

Xtotus.supro mktb 08. ot 746 K`tbm tab pbrskm rbhbjvjmc tab shrjp wos vunmbroinb bjtabr ibhousb k` ocb. nomcuocb iorrjbrs kr tab jmoijnjty tk rbog kr wrjtb-

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omhbstkrs aog toebm shrjp- Jm ?:27 tabsb pbrskms wbrb krgbrbg tk ib bxpbnnbg `rkl tab iomg iut. gub tk tab rbsuntjmc motjkm,wjgb ùrkr. tabjriomg lblibrsajp omg Jmgjom stotus wbrb hkm`jrlbg jm ?:23-38

Mkr wos tajs om jsknotbg jmhjgbmt6 ktabr iomgs onsk ottblptbg gurjmc tajs pbrjkg tk bxpbn lblibrs taby hnojlbg wbrb shrjp,toebrs krtabjr gbshbmgomts-37Rntjlotbny tabJmgjom Ohtwos olbmgbg jm ?:21 tk hnorj`y taot tab stotutkry ior tk shrjp,toebrs aovjmc Jmgjom nbcon stotuswkung mkt oppny tk omykmb wak onrbogy aog Jmgjom stotus os k` Oucust ?8. ?:21- 32

Wajs b``bhtjvbny bmgbg tab wovb k` ottblptbg bxpunsjkms iut hrbotbg twk hnossbs k` shrjp,toebrs6 taksb wak wbrb iomg lblibrs omgstotus Jmgjoms prjkr tk taot gotb. omg taksb wak wbrb mkt- Mkr orb tab mulibrs k` tab nottbr jmsjcmj`jhomt- Kmb hkllbmtotkr mktbs taot tabrb jsolpnb bvjgbmhb taot lomy k` tab @jrst Motjkms ohrkss tab projrjbs jmhnugb pbkpnb kr gbshbmgomts k` pbkpnb wak tkke shrjp- 30

Mkm,Xtotus Jmgjoms6 Waksb Sak Nkst Xtotus omg Waksb Sak Mbvbr Aog Jt

Os lbmtjkmbg bornjbr. tab rbqujrblbmt k` Jmgjom inkkg wos port omg porhbn k` tab gb`jmjtjkm k` Jmgjom omg k` mkm,trboty Jmgjom `rkltab `jrst vbrsjkm k` tab Jmgjom Oht jm ?130- Wab lofkr bxhbptjkm wos `kr mkm,Jmgjom wklbm wak lorrjbg Jmgjom lbm omg tabrbiy ohqujrbgJmgjom stotus-

Kvbr tjlb. o vorjbty k` stotus omg bm`romhajsblbmt prkvjsjkms `kumg tabjr woy jmtk tab Jmgjom Ohtwabrb taby wkung rblojm jm kmb `krlkr omktabr umtjn tab ?:12 olbmglbmts jm Ijnn H,8?- 33 Wabjr mbt b``bht wos tk housb norcb mulibrs k` pbrskms k` Jmgjom gbshbmt tk nksb Jmgjomstotus omg tab rjcat tk rbsjgb jm iomg hkllumjtjbs km rbsbrvb nomg- Wab b``bhts k` tabsb prkvjsjkms `bnn lkrb sbvbrbny km Jmgjom wklbm omgtabjr hajngrbm taom taby gjg km Jmgjom lbm. bspbhjonny o`tbr tab ?:2? rbvjsjkm k` tab Ohtomg tab rbmbwbg blpaosjs km bm`krhjmc tab lorryjmc,kut omg bm`romhajsblbmt prkvjsjkms-31Wajs js ibhousb tab Jmgjom Oht gb`jmjtjkm systbl hbmtrbg km tab lonb abog k` òljny tk lojmtojm tabjgbmtjty k` tab crkup-

Lomy k` tab pbrskms haorohtbrjzbg os Ltjs kr os mkm,stotus Jmgjoms jm tab aumtjmc omg `jsajmc hosbs `rkl tab projrjbs wbrb pbrskmswjta o hnbor Jmgjom nj`bstynb. hunturb omg sbmsb k` sbn`,jgbmtjty waksb lktabr aog nkst stotus tarkuca tab lorryjmc kut prkvjsjkms jm tab Jmgjom

Oht- Jm tabNoprjsb Hosb. `kr bxolpnb. tab ohhusbg motjvb k` Hajpbwyom krjcjm Uwak\ njvbs jm o prbgkljmomtny Hajpbwyom hkllumjty !taotwos mkt o rbsbrvb* wos mkt o stotus Jmgjom ibhousb ajs trboty Jmgjom lktabr aog lorrjbg o mkm,trboty Jmgjom- 3:

Tbrskms Sak Mbvbr Aog Jmgjom Xtotus

Iy ?:2? jt wos hnbor taot rbnjomhb km om Jmgjom inkkg rbqujrblbmt aog ibbm kvbrtoebm iy bvbmts. os tabrb wbrb iy tabm suha norcbmulibrs k` pbkpnb k` Jmgjom inkkg wak wbrb mkt k``jhjonny rbhkcmjzbg os ibjmc Jmgjom taot tab nkcjh k` tab inkkg rbqujrblbmt aog ibbmumgbrljmbg-14 Mkr wos nj`bstynb. waot tab Jmgjom Ohtrb`brrbg tk os `knnkwjmc tab Jmgjom lkgb k` nj`b. 1?o gbtbrljmjmc hrjtbrjkm `kr Jmgjomstotus- Os tab projrjb aumtjmc omg `jsajmc hosbs hjtbg bornjbr jnnustrotb. tabrb wbrb. omg hkmtjmub tk ib. norcb mulibrs k` shrjp,toebrs omg ktabrswak wbrb mkt rbhkcmjzbg os ibjmc Jmgjom umgbr tab Jmgjom Ohtgbspjtb tab òht taot taby wbrb k` Jmgjom gbshbmt. spkeb Jmgjom nomcuocbs omgk`tbm njvbg km kr ogfohbmt tk Jmgjom rbsbrvbs kr jm jsknotbg wjngbrmbss orbos wabrb taby pursubg trogjtjkmon Oikrjcjmon nj`bstynbs-

Waus. tabJmgjom Ohtrb`brbmhbs tk Jmgjom inkkg omg tab Jmgjom lkgb k` nj`b wbrb rbpnohbg jm ?:2? iy o mbw opprkoha tk gb`jmjmcwak wos omg wak wos mkt om Jmgjom- Wab mbw hrjtbrjkm ibholb bmtjtnblbmt tk ib rbcjstbrbg os om Jmgjom km o hbmtron Jmgjom rbcjstry tk iblojmtojmbg iy tab Gbportlbmt k` Jmgjom O`òjrs jm Kttowo- Bmtjtnblbmt wos iosbg km lbbtjmc o mulibr k` hrjtbrjo taot bssbmtjonnyrbhopjtunotbg tabstotus quk òvkurjmc gbshbmt tarkuca tab lonb njmb. iut wjta o crbotbr gbcrbb k` `krlonjty taom aog ibbm tab hosb bornjbr- 19

38Wab jmhjgbmt js rbnotbg jm Fkam Nbsnjb.Ossjljnotjkm. Jmtbcrotjkm kr Wbrljmotjkm; Wab Gbvbnkplbmt k` Homogjom Jmgjom Tknjhy. ?:78,?:08. !Kttowo6 Ta-G-

Wabsjs. Hornbtkm Rmjvbrsjty. ?:::* ot 9:4,:0-

37Xbb. `kr bxolpnb. Yb Tkjtros !?:20*. 94 S-S-Y- 272 jm wajha tab Lushkwpbtumc Iomg trjbg tk aovb Fksbpa Tkjtros bxpbnnbg `rkl tab iomg `kr aovjmc

ajlsbn` toebm shrjp- Lr- Tkjtros aog ibbm o iomg lblibr omg rbsbrvb rbsjgbmt `kr 80 ybors omg aog rojsbg o òljny tabrb prjkr tk tajs jmhjgbmt- Tkjtros wossuhhbssùn jm lojmtojmjmc ajs iomg lblibrsajp omg Jmgjom stotus ibhousb jt wos mkt prkvbg taot ab wos tab Fksbpa Tkjtros waksb molb oppborbg jm tab shrjprbhkrgs-

32X-H- ?:21. h- ?:-

30Bmtjtnblbmt tk Jmgjom Xtotus.supro mktb 08. ot 7?. m- 23-

33Xbb. `kr bxolpnb. YHOT. Nkkejmc @krworg. Nkkejmc Iohe.supro mktb 34 . bspbhjonny tab sbhtjkms km Bm`romhajsblbmt. Jmgjom Sklbm omg Jmgjom Xtotus

omg Iomg Lblibrsajp ot pp- 910. 844 omg 848 rbspbhtjvbny omg tab skurhbs rb`brrbg tk tabrbjm-

31YHOT. jijgot 844 rb`brs tk Jmgjom wklbm jm tajs hkmtbxt os ibjmc gkuiny gjsogvomtocbg omg gbshrjibs tab b``bht k` hbrtojm prkvjsjkms k` tab Jmgjom Ohtos

o sustojmbg ossount km tabjr oijnjty tk ib rbhkcmjzbg os dJmgjomd omg tk njvb jm rbhkcmjzbg Jmgjom hkllumjtjbs----

3:Y- v- Noprjsb U?:31\ 0 S-S-Y- 12 !Xose- HO*-

14Waksb. os gjshussbg bornjbr. wak aog nkst stotus. ibbm bm`romhajsbg. toebm shrjp kr. njeb tab Ybg Yjvbr omg Yupbrts Nomg Ltjs mbvbr ibbm hkmsjgbrbg tk ib

Jmgjoms jm tab `jrst pnohb- Wk tajs njst ljcat onsk ib oggbg tab Mbw`kumgnomg omg Noirogkr Oikrjcjmon pbkpnb. lkst k` wakl aovb ybt tk ib irkucat jm umgbrtabJmgjom Oht-

1?Wab gb`jmjtjkm k` mkm,trboty Jmgjom rblojmbg jm tabJmgjom Ohtumtjn ?:2?. wabm jt wos grkppbg-

19Rmgbr s- ?? k` tab rbvjsbg Jmgjom Oht. X-H- ?:2?. h- 9:. Jmgjom stotus wkung ib cromtbg tk6 !o* sklbkmb wak wkung aovb ibbm hkmsjgbrbg om Jmgjom umgbr

pkst,hkm`bgbrotjkm Jmgjom nbcjsnotjkm prbgotjmc tab ?130 Jmgjom Oht5 !i* hurrbmt iomg lblibrs5 !h* gjrbht lonb gbshbmgomts jm tab lonb njmb k` pbrskms ònnjmc

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Wab ohtuon Jmgjom rbcjstry wos tk hkmsjst k` Iomg Njsts omg Cbmbron Njsts- 18 Iomg njsts wbrb iosbg km waotbvbr njsts wbrb tabmovojnoinb tk gbvbnkp o rbcjstbr. jmhnugjmc jm`krlon iomg njsts. trboty poy njsts omg Jmgjom hbmsus rbhkrgs. olkmc ktabrs- 17Trjkr tk ?:2? tabrbwos mk wbnn,krcomjzbg kr rjckrkusny lojmtojmbg lommbr k` hklpjnjmc suha njsts- Wab rbsunt wos taot tab molbs k` lomy Oikrjcjmon pbrskmswak wbrb hkmsjgbrbg iy ktabrs omg wak hkmsjgbrbg tablsbnvbs tk ib lblibrs k` o portjhunor iomg loy mkt aovb ibbm jmshrjibg km tab lkrbjm`krlon iomg. trboty omg ktabr njsts wabm jt holb tjlb tk usb tabl os tab iosjs `kr growjmc up tab nbcjsnotjvbny lomgotbg Iomg Njsts jm ?:2?-

Wwk òhtkrs hkmtrjiutjmc tk tab jlprbhjsb rbhkrg,ebbpjmc prjkr tk ?:2? loy aovb ibbm tab vbry irkog gb`jmjtjkms k` Jmgjom. Jrrbcunoriomg omg mkm,trboty Jmgjom jm bornjbr vbrsjkms k` tabJmgjom Oht12omg tab nkksb supbrvjsjkm bxbrhjsbg iy gbportlbmton k``jhjons jm tab `jbng-

Wabsb tbrls wbrb sk jlprbhjsb taot ocbmts aog gj``jhunty jm skrtjmc kut hkm`njhtjmc hnojls hkmhbrmjmc bnjcjijnjty tk rbsjgb km o rbsbrvb. tk rbhbjvb trboty

ibmb`jts. omg tk kitojm ckvbrmlbmt skhjon ossjstomhb- Wab sjtuotjkm wos hklpkumgbg iy tab nohe k` vbrj`joinb iomg lblibrsajp njsts. pkkr supbrvjsjkm k`

jsknotbg rbsbrvbs. omg iy Gbprbssjkm bro hkmgjtjkms. wajha bmhkurocbg Jmgjoms tk lkvb `rkl iomg tk iomg sbbejmc rbnjb`. kr tk rbturm tk tab rbsbrvbs `rkl tab

hjty o`tbr ybors k` oisbmhb- Jm lomy hosbs. ckvbrmlbmt k``jhjons turmbg o injmg byb tk tabsb prohtjhbs kut k` aulomjtorjom omg ktabr hkmsjgbrotjkms-10

Omktabr òhtkr loy aovb ibbm tab aostb omg ottbmgomt nohe k` gjnjcbmhb ohhklpomyjmc gbportlbmton b``krts tk hklpjnb `krlon IomgNjsts o`tbr ?:2?- Nkhon Jmgjom ocbmts wbrb rbqujrbg iy now tk pkst tab mbw njsts jm o hkmspjhukus pnohb13wabrb iomg lblibrs wkung ibnjebny tk sbb tabl sk os tk ib oinb tk hkllbmt km kr hkrrbht tabl ib`krb taby ibholb k``jhjon- Os tab Ykyon Hklljssjkm km OikrjcjmonTbkpnbs omg ktabrs aovb mktbg6 Wab molbs k` lomy pbkpnb wak kucat tk aovb ibbm km tab iomg njsts kr tab cbmbron njst wbrb mbvbr oggbg- 11

Tbrskms k` Jmgjom gbshbmt. hunturb omg nj`bstynb wak hkmsjgbrbg tablsbnvbs tk ib Jmgjoms omg wak. prjkr tk ?:2? wbrb vjbwbg os Jmgjomsbjtabr ibhousb taby wbrb lblibrs k` jrrbcunor iomgs kr wbrb mkm,trboty Jmgjoms `knnkwjmc om Jmgjom lkgb k` nj`b. k`tbm onsk `kumgtablsbnvbs umoinb tk rbcjstbr os Jmgjoms `kr tbhamjhon rboskms- Jm tab `jrst pnohb. taby hkung mkt aovb tabjr molbs bmtbrbg km o Iomg Njst `krrbcjstrotjkm purpksbs ibhousb. umgbr prbvjkus vbrsjkms k` tab Jmgjom Oht. taby wbrb mkt Iomgs os suha- Yotabr. taby wbrb. os tab molbottbsts. jrrbcunor iomgs omg k``jhjons wbrb mkt rbqujrbg tk lojmtojm up tk gotb kr ohhurotb njsts k` tab lblibrs k` jrrbcunor iomgs-

Ohhkrgjmcny. tabrb wos mk mbhbssory njst `rkl wajha om jrrbcunor iomg njst hkung aovb ibbm growm up- Waot gjg mkt lbom. akwbvbr. taottabsb pbkpnb hkung mkt ib rbcjstbrbg os Jmgjoms umgbr tab mbw systbl- Waby sakung aovb ibbm oinb tk ib rbcjstbrbg os stotus Jmgjoms km tabCbmbron Njst-1:

Akwbvbr. tab tbrl Cbmbron Njst wos mkt gb`jmbg jm tab ?:2? Jmgjom Oht- Waus tabrb wos mk mbhbssory stotutkry cujgomhb tk tabrbcjstror oikut waksb molbs kucat tk ib jmhnugbg km jt- Ot taot tjlb jt hkmtojmbg `bwbr taom 94 molbs- :4Iy tab tjlb taot tabJmgjom Ohtwosmbxt rbvjsbg tk oiknjsa tab Cbmbron Njst tajrty,`kur ybors notbr jm ?:12. jt kmny aog oikut o aumgrbg molbs km jt- :? Wabsb rbnotjvbny nkwmulibrs suppkrt tab Ykyon Hklljssjkms hkmhnusjkms taot onn tab bnjcjinb pbrskms wak kucat tk aovb ibbm rbcjstbrbg os Jmgjoms jm ?:2? wbrbmkt jmhnugbg-

Jm sakrt. jrrbcunor iomg lblibrs omg mkm,trboty Jmgjoms gk mkt oppbor tk aovb ibbm hkmsjgbrbg iy tab Ybcjstror jm ?:2? `kr jmhnusjkm k`tabjr molbs km tab Iomg Njsts kr km tab Cbmbron Njsts omg oppbor tk aovb ibbm norcbny jcmkrbg- Wab òjnurb k` tab Jmgjom Iromha tk jmhnugbbvbrykmb k` Jmgjom gbshbmt aog tab b``bht k` hrbotjmc tab hotbckry k` pbrskms nkksbny rb`brrbg tk os mkm,stotus Jmgjoms. taot js. o pkpunotjkmk` pbkpnb k` Jmgjom inkkg. o``jnjotjkm omg k`tbm k` Jmgjom nj`bstynb wak sjlpny hkung mkt rbcjstbr os ibjmc Jmgjom wjtajm tab lbomjmc k` tab

Jmgjom Oht-

jmtk bjtabr k` tab prbhbgjmc hotbckrjbs5 !g* nbcjtjlotb hajngrbm k` lonbs ònnjmc jmtk tab prbhbgjmc hotbckrjbs5 !b* jnnbcjtjlotb hajngrbm k` Jmgjom wklbm umnbsstab òtabr wos mkt ajlsbn` om Jmgjom5 !`* Jmgjom wklbm wak wbrb lorrjbg tk Jmgjom lbm kr tab wjgkws k` Jmgjom lbm-

18Jijg. s- 2-

17Jgbmtj`jhotjkm omg Ybcjstrotjkm k` Jmgjom omg Jmujt Tbkpnb. supro mktb 00 ot 2 omg 0 GJOMG mktbs taot tab knnkwjmc gkhulbmts wbrb usbg os tab iosjs kr

tab Iomg Njsts omg Cbmbron Njst6 nkhon ocbmts jm`krlon iomg njsts5 trboty poy njsts5 Jmgjom lkmbys jmtbrbst gjstrjiutjkm njsts5 Jmgjom hbmsus rbhkrgs5 Jmgjom Ohtbnbhtjkm. bstotbs ogljmjstrotjkm omg lblibrsajp hkllutotjkm njsts omg shrjp rbhkrgs-

12Wab ?:93Jmgjom Oht. Y-X-H- ?:93. h- :1 gb`jmjtjkms k` tabsb tbrls jm s- 9 wbrb vjrtuonny tab solb os taksb hkmtojmbg jm tab krjcjmon ?130 Jmgjom Oht- Xbb

mktb 2?.supro-

10Ossjljnotjkm. Jmtbcrotjkm kr Wbrljmotjkm;.supro mktb 34. ot 14-

13X-H- ?:2?. h- 9:. s- 1-

11YHOT.Nkkejmc @krworg. Nkkejmc Iohe.supro mktb 34. ot 8?96

Waby loy. `kr bxolpnb. aovb ibbm owoy `rkl tab rbsbrvb wabm iomg njsts wbrb pkstbg- Jm rblktb pnohbs. bspbhjonny wabrb pbkpnb stjnn prohtjhbg os suisjstbmhb nj`bstynb. pbkpnb hkung

aovb ibbm owoy km aumtjmc portjbs. `jsajmc kr km tabjr tropnjmbs- Xuha pbkpnb wbrb onsk tab nbost njebny tk aovb ibbm oinb tk rbog jm tab `jrst pnohb- Xklb pbkpnb wbrb kppksbg tk omy`krl k` rbcjstrotjkm. sbbjmc jt os o gbrkcotjkm rkl tab ajstkrjhon stotus k` Jmgjom motjkms- Xklbtjlbs. jt aos ibbm orcubg. tab hkmspjhukus pnohb honnbg kr jm tab Jmgjom Oht wos nbsshkmspjhukus taom jt kucat tk aovb ibbm- Jm omy bvbmt. omg `kr waotbvbr rboskm. lomy pbkpnb hnojl taot taby kr tabjr porbmts kr cromgporbmts wbrb mbvbr jmhnugbg km taksb njsts wabmtaby sakung aovb ibbm omg taot taby wbrb prbvbmtbg rkl kitojmjmc Jmgjom stotus-1:

Bmtjtnblbmt tk Jmgjom Xtotus.supro mktb 08 ot ?2-6 Os tab tbrls mkm,trboty Jmgjom omg jrrbcunor iomg orb kljttbg `rkl tab ?:2? Oht. jt js oiumgomtny

hnbor taot taksb tbrls wbrb suisulbg iy tab purpksb omg ùmhtjkm k` tab cbmbron njst- Jm tajs rbcorg. tab outakr js lkrb bxpnjhjt !ot 71* mktjmc os `knnkws6 Jm?:2? tab hkmhbpt k` o cbmbron njst js jmtrkguhbg tk bmsurb taot taksb Jmgjoms waksb ajstkry gjg mkt jmhnugb lblibrsajp jm o iomg orb mbvbrtabnbss jmhnugbg kmtab Jmgjom Ybcjstbr-

:4Jijgot ?8?-

:?Motjvb Sklbms Osskhjotjkm k` Homogo. Cujgb tk Ijnn H,8?) !Kttowo6 Motjvb Sklbms Osskhjotjkm. ?:12* ot 9:-

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Tbrskms Sak Nkst Jmgjom Xtotus

Wk tajs jmjtjon pkpunotjkm k` mkm,rbcjstbrbg pbrskms k` Jmgjom gbshbmt lust ib oggbg tab lomy takusomgs wak aog onrbogy nkst. kr waknotbr nkst. Jmgjom stotus kr wbrb bm`romhajsbg pursuomt tk tab prkvjsjkms k` tab Jmgjom Oht- Os lbmtjkmbg bornjbr. norcb mulibrs k` tabsb pbkpnbwbrb Jmgjom wklbm wak lorrjbg,kut. kr tabjr gbshbmgomts- O`tbr bxoljmjmc tab ovojnoinb rbhkrgs. tab Ykyon Hklljssjkm km OikrjcjmonTbkpnbs kisbrvbg taot tab mulibr k` bm`romhajsblbmts. wajha aog ibbm rbnotjvbny slonn jm tab hbmtury `knnkwjmc tab possocb k` tab CroguonHjvjnjzotjkm Ohtfulpbg lorebgny o`tbr ?:2?-:9

Waus. iy tab tjlb k` tab Ijnn H,8?Jmgjom Ohtolbmglbmts jm ?:12. tabrb wos o norcb pkpunotjkm k` Oikrjcjmon pbkpnb wak bjtabr aog

mbvbr aog Jmgjom stotus kr. aovjmc ot kmb tjlb aog stotus. aog nkst jt umgbr tab prb,?:12 runbs jm tab Jmgjom Oht- Os o rbsunt k` tab haomcbs tktab gb`jmjtjkm k` bnjcjijnjty `kr Jmgjom nbcon stotus irkucat oikut iy Ijnn H,8?. opprkxjlotbny ??9.244 pbkpnb aog ibbm rbturmbg tk stotus kraog rbhbjvbg stotus `kr tab `jrst tjlb iy tab bmg k` ?:::-:8

Jt js tk ib mktbg. akwbvbr. taot shrjp,toebrs omg tabjr gbshbmgomts orb mkt bxpnjhjtny lbmtjkmbg jm tab mbw hrjtbrjo `kr rbcjstrotjkm os omJmgjom umgbr tabJmgjom Oht-:7Wajs aos hrbotbg o norcb pkkn k` stotus hnojlomts wak orb hurrbmtny hnossj`jbg os bjtabr mkm,stotus Jmgjoms kr osLtjs- Wab iosjs `kr tabjr hnojl tk Jmgjom stotus njbs jm tab oisbmhb o`tbr tab ?:12 olbmglbmts k` omy prkvjsjkm jm tab Ohtbxpnjhjtny iorrjmcshrjp,toebrs kr tabjr gbshbmgomts `rkl ohqujrjmc Jmgjom stotus- Wajs wkung succbst taot taby mbbg kmny bstoinjsa tabjr bnjcjijnjty `krrbcjstrotjkm umgbr kmb k` tab hurrbmt rbcjstrotjkm prkvjsjkms jm s- 0- :2 Akwbvbr. tab Gbportlbmt k` Jmgjom O`òjrs Ybcjstror hkmtjmubs tk oppnytab prb,?:12 stotus runbs-:0Jt js jlpkssjinb tk bstjlotb tab mulibrs k` pktbmtjon stotus hnojlomts o``bhtbg iy tab hkmtjmujmc ior tk stotus iosbgkm tajs jmtbrprbtotjkm k` tab mbw stotus bmtjtnblbmt prkvjsjkms-

Wab Jmgjom stotus runbs orb sbt kut jm suisbhtjkms 0!?* omg !9* k` tab ?:12 vbrsjkm k` tab Jmgjom Oht. omg orb rbvjbwbg jm haoptbr `jvb-Gbspjtb tab oggjtjkm k` ??9.244 pbkpnb tk tab tkton pkpunotjkm k` rbcjstbrbg Jmgjoms os o rbsunt k` Ijnn H,8?. jt js cbmbronny ohhbptbg taot tabtwk,cbmbrotjkm hutk ` gjshussbg bornjbr wjnn jmbvjtoiny nbog tk gbhnjmb jm tab rbcjstbrbg Jmgjom pkpunotjkm- Wajs wjnn njebny lbom ohkrrbspkmgjmc jmhrbosb jm tab pkpunotjkm k` Oikrjcjmon pbrskms cbmbronny gbshrjibg os Ltjs kr mkm,stotus Jmgjom-

Jm sakrt. tab kmb,tjlb stotus Jmgjom pkpunotjkm cojm loy skkm ib k``sbt iy tab b``bhts k` tab suisbhtjkm 0!?*+0!9* gjstjmhtjkm ibhousb

Jmgjom stotus loy ib nkst o`tbr twk suhhbssjvb cbmbrotjkms k` lorrjocb ibtwbbm pbrskms bnjcjinb `kr rbcjstrotjkm omg pbrskms wak orb mktbnjcjinb `kr rbcjstrotjkm. wabtabr kr mkt tabsb pbrskms orb k` Oikrjcjmon gbshbmt- Os tab Ykyon Hklljssjkm km Oikrjcjmon Tbkpnbs omg ktabrkisbrvbrs aovb mktbg. jm tajs rbcorg tab Ijnn H,8? stotus prkvjsjkms. njeb tabjr ajstkrjhon prbgbhbsskrs. --- oppbor tk hkmtjmub tab pknjhy kòssjljnotjkm jm gjscujsbg iut strbmctabmbg `krl-:3

Wajs js suppkrtbg iy o ?::9 stugy k` iomg lblibrsajp hkgbs waksb outakrs hkmhnugb taot j` kut,lorrjocb rotbs jmhrbosb ot o lkgbrotbrotb k` ?4" kvbr 74 ybors. tabjr prkfbhtjkms succbst o gbhnjmjmc Jmgjom Ybcjstbr pkpunotjkm ibcjmmjmc jm rkucany `j`ty ybors kr twkcbmbrotjkms-:1 Bvjgbmtny. tajs wjnn lbom om jmhrbosbg mulibr k` mkm,stotus Jmgjoms omg o rbguhbg mulibr k` stotus Jmgjoms- Wabsbhkmhnusjkms orb suppkrtbg iy lkrb rbhbmt Gbportlbmt k` Jmgjom O`òjrs stotjstjhon goto- ::

:9Nkkejmc @krworg. Nkkejmc Iohe.supro mktb 34. ot 849- JmJmgjom Sklbm omg tab Now jm Homogo6 Hjtjzbms Ljmus !Kttowo6 Xuppny omg Xbrvjhbs Homogo.

?:31*. Eotanbbm Foljbskm hkmhnugbs !ot 08,02* taot ibtwbbm ?:22 omg ?:32 tabrb wbrb o tkton k` ?8.?24 bm`romhajsblbmts- O tkton k` ?4.717 , 14" , wbrbjmvknumtory bm`romhajsblbmts k` Jmgjom wklbm wak lorrjbg kut omg tabjr hajngrbm-

:8Homogo. Jmgjom omg Mkrtabrm O`òjrs. Iosjh Gbportlbmton Goto 9444 !Kttowo6 GJOMG Jm`krlotjkm Lomocblbmt Iromha. Lorha. 9444* ot 0- Wab prbhjsb

`jcurbs os k` Gbhblibr 8?. ?::: wbrb ??9.719-

:7Y-X-H- ?:12. h- J,2 os ol- Xuisbhtjkm 0!?* loebs tab `knnkwjmc hotbckrjbs k` pbkpnb bnjcjinb tk ib rbcjstbrbg os Jmgjoms6

!o* taksb bmtjtnbg tk rbcjstrotjkm umgbr tab prb,?:12 runbs!i* lblibrs k` iomgs hrbotbg o`tbr ?:12!h* taksb wak nkst bmtjtnblbmt tk rbcjstrotjkm os o rbsunt k` tab gkuinb lktabr runb !lktabr omg cromglktabr mkt bmtjtnbg tk rbcjstrotjkm*5 lorryjmc o mkm,stotus lom5 omjnnbcjtjlotb hajng waksb otabr wos mkt bmtjtnbg tk rbcjstrotjkm5 kr wklbm omg hajngrbm bm`romhajsbg ibhousb tab lktabr lorrjbg o lom mkt bmtjtnbg tk rbcjstrotjkm!g* Jmgjom lbm wak vknumtorjny bm`romhajsbg onkmc wjta tabjr wjvbs omg hajngrbm!b* taksb bm`romhajsbg kr aovjmc njvbg oirkog kr 2 ybors kr kr aovjmc ohqujrbg ajcabr bguhotjkm!`* taksb waksb porbmts !ikta* orb !kr wbrb. j` gbog* bmtjtnbg tk rbcjstrotjkm umgbr omy k` tab prjkr suisbhtjkms-Xuisbhtjkm 0!9* bmtjtnb taksb wjta o sjmcnb porbmt bmtjtnbg tk rbcjstrotjkm umgbr omy k` tab prjkr suisbhtjkms-

:2Cujgb tk Ijnn H,8?.supro mktb 13 ot ??-

:0Bmtjtnblbmt tk Jmgjom Xtotus. supro mktb 08. ot 8:. m- 27- Wajs js jnnustrotbg iy tab rotjkmonb prkvjgbg iy GJOMG `kr òjnjmc tk rbcjstbr tab oppnjhomts `kr

Jmgjom stotus `rkl tab Cromgb Hohab ljxbg,omhbstry crkup gjshussbg bornjbr- Xbb mktb 00.supro-:3

Nkkejmc @krworg. Nkkejmc Iohe. supro mktb 34. ot 847-

:1X- Hnotwkrtay omg O- Xljta. Tkpunotjkm Jlpnjhotjkms k` tab ?:12 Olbmglbmts tk tab Jmgjom Oht6 @jmon Ybpkrt !rbsborha popbr prbporbg `kr tab Ossbliny

k` @jrst Motjkms. ?::9* ot jj- Waby ck km tk mktb taot )sklb @jrst Motjkms. waksb kut,lorrjocb rotbs orb sjcmj`jhomtny ajcabr taom tab motjkmon mkrls. wkunghbosb tk bxjst ot tab bmg k` tab ?44 ybor prkfbhtjkm pbrjkg-)

::Homogo. Jmgjom omg Mkrtabrm O`òjrs Homogo. Ybcjstbrbg Jmgjom Tkpunotjkm Trkfbhtjkms `kr Homogo omg Ybcjkms6 ?::1,9441 !Kttowo6 Ljmjstbr k` Tuinjh

Skres omg Ckvbrmlbmt Xbrvjhbs. 9444* ot 3-

Jm ?::1. om bstjlotbg 9" k` ijrtas tk Ybcjstbrbg Jmgjoms km rbsbrvb wbrb jmbnjcjinb `kr stotus- Wajs js bstjlotbg tk jmhrbosb tk 7" iy 9441- @kr tab k``,rbsbrvb pkpunotjkm. tabrotb wos 94" jm ?::1 omg js prkfbhtbg tk rboha 93" iy 9441-

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Jt js bvjgbmt `rkl tab oikvb rbvjbw taot ljxbg,omhbstry. òr `rkl ibjmc tab bxhbptjkm. js mkw tab mkrl olkmc tab Oikrjcjmonpkpunotjkm k` Homogo- Ajstkrjhon pknjhy gbhjsjkms iosbg km inkkg quomtul. potrjnjmbon gbshbmt omg o suppksbg hkmmbhtjkm ibtwbbm Jmgjomnj`bstynb omg lblibrsajp jm o rbhkcmjzbg Jmgjom iomg aovb hrbotbg o norcb pkpunotjkm k` Oikrjcjmon pbkpnb jm Homogo wak orb mkt rbhkcmjzbgos ibjmc Jmgjom wjtajm tab lbomjmc k` Homogos Jmgjom rbhkcmjtjkm systbl-

Rmoinb tk ohqujrb Jmgjom stotus omg crkup rbhkcmjtjkm umgbr tab Jmgjom Oht. tabsb orb tab pbkpnb wak k`tbm sbn`,jgbmtj`y os Ltjs. os tabljxbg,omhbstry crkups `rkl Cromgb Hohab omg Noirogkr aovb gkmb. iut mkt km ohhkumt k` gbshbmt `rkl o crkup taot ajstkrjhonny jgbmtj`jbgjtsbn` omg wos rbhkcmjzbg os Lbtjs. iut rotabr os o pknjtjhon vbajhnb `kr rbonjzjmc tabjr rjcats hnojls omg rbnotbg ospjrotjkms- Wajs opprkoha js otkggs wjta tab blbrcjmc Oikrjcjmon rjcats furjsprugbmhb. wajha rbqujrbs hkmtblpkrory hnojlomts tk sakw tabjr gbshbmt `rkl ajstkrjh crkups-

Ljxbg Omhbstry Bnsbwabrb jm Homogo

Wajs rbvjbw k` akw tab tbrl Ltjs aos ibbm usbg. aos tk tajs pkjmt hkmhbmtrotbg km jssubs k` jgbmtjty orjsjmc jm tab wbst omg mkrta. tabaklbnomg k` tab Ltjs Motjkm osskhjotbg wjta Nkujs Yjbn. ibhousb jt wos abrb taot Homogos pknjhjbs k` rbhkcmjtjkm k` Oikrjcjmon pbkpnbs

prkguhbg tab ibst,rbhkrgbg omg fugjhjonny,bxoljmbg rbsunts tk gotb- Jm tajs rbcorg tab Ykyon Hklljssjkm km Oikrjcjmon Tbkpnbs wos kmnyoinb tk gbvktb o shomt `bw pocbs tk jts hkmsjgbrotjkm k` waot jt rb`brrbg tk os tab ktabr Ltjs jm jts `jmon rbpkrt- Wab Ykyon Hklljssjkmmktbg taot6 Wab ajstkry k` Ltjs pbkpnb wak orb mkt port k` tab Ltjs Motjkm js mkt bosy tk rbnotb- ?44

Wab pabmklbmkm k` ljxbg Oikrjcjmon omg mkm,Oikrjcjmon omhbstry js hkllkm ohrkss Homogo- Akwbvbr. gub tk tab nbss struhturbg omghkmsjstbmt Jmgjom rbhkcmjtjkm omg rbsbrvb,hrbotjkm opprkoha jm _ubibh omg tab Lorjtjlbs prjkr tk Hkm`bgbrotjkm. jt js mkt pkssjinb jm taboisbmhb k` ùrtabr rbsborha tk emkw wjta hnorjty waot k``jhjon ottjtugbs wbrb tk ljxbg omhbstry pbrskms omg akw suha pbrskms loy aovbkrcomjzbg omg gbshrjibg tablsbnvbs jm tab post-

Mkr js jt pkssjinb tk emkw wjta hbrtojmty tab bxtbmt tk wajha jgbmtj`joinb hkllumjtjbs k` ljxbg omhbstry pbrskms bxjstbg oshkllumjtjbs os suha os kppksbg tk crkupjmcs k` `rkmtjbr òljnjbs omg wbrb ohhkrgbg sklb `krl k` hkllumon rbhkcmjtjkm os ibjmc Ltjs-Lomy hkllbmtotkrs orb k` tab vjbw taot jt wos kmny jm tab uppbr Crbot noebs omg Ybg Yjvbr Yupbrts Nomg orbo taot hknnbhtjvb Ltjs skhjonkrcomjzotjkms wjta o sbmsb k` Ltjs motjkmon hkmshjkusmbss os suha tkke akng- Jm tajs rbcorg. tab bgjtkrs k` o spbhjon Ltjs bgjtjkm k`

Homogjom Btamjh Xtugjbs kisbrvb taot6

Jm bostbrm Homogo hkllumjtjbs gjstjmht `rkl ikta Jmgjoms omg Burk,Homogjoms gjg mkt orjsb. omg ljxbg,rohb pbkpnb wbrb gb`jmbg os bjtabr Jmgjom kr

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