RISE OF DICTATORS

(TOTALITARIANISM)

I. Treaty of Versailles ends WWIA. November 11, 1918- Armistice Day

B. German military is abolished except for a small domestic police force

C. Germany forced to pay for damages caused by the war.

D. Map of Europe redrawn (Germany gives up land to France and Poland)

E. Germany had no choice but to agree to the terms in the treaty because they were blamed for the war that they didn’t even start.

II. Legacy of World War IA. Worldwide depression

B. Mechanized warfare

C. Increased government control in times of conflict

D. Complete mobilization of resources for “Total War”

E. Rise in totalitarian leadership

F. Germans are embarrassed by the outcome of WWI and want to bring glory back to their country.

TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT

Individuals have no rights, and the government suppresses all opposition.

Ex. Germany, Italy & Russia

COMMUNISM

An economic and political system based on one-party government and state ownership. Ex. Russia & China

JOSEPH STALIN•Communist

•Leader of Soviet Union

•Gained control when Lenin died

•Government owned all property

•Farms became government owned

•World’s second largest industrial power

•Extremely paranoid, eliminated anyone who threatened his power

•Responsible for the deaths of 8 million to 13 million people

“MAN OF STEEL”

FASCISM

Stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals. Ex. Italy

BENITO MUSSOLINI•Fascist

•Unemployment and inflation were both very high in Italy

•The middle and upper class demanded strong leadership

•Mussolini took control by convincing Italians that the power must rest with a single strong leader

•Wanted Italy to be reborn as a new Roman Empire

•Strong Military (Black Shirts)

•Anti-Communist

NAZISM

The German brand of fascism. Based on extreme Nationalism. Ex. Germany

ADOLF HITLER• Nazi

• Takes over after the Weimar Republic

• Hitler joins National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi)

• Arrested for starting a riot to overthrow the government, he wrote Mien Kampf while in prison, outlining his plans for the German Empire

• Hitler’s beliefs include extreme nationalism, racism (focusing on anti-semitism), and an understanding of the effectiveness of propaganda.

• Through democratic process, Hitler comes to power as Chancellor of Germany

• Government passes the Enabling Act effectively giving him sole power of Germany

• Responsible for the deaths of approximately 18 million people