risk education under the mine ban treaty
TRANSCRIPT
Risk Education under the Mine Ban TreatyImmediate and Effective Warning
Risk Groups
In both rural and urban areas
Delivery Methods
Children
In rural areas
AfghanistanAngola
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Colombia
CroatiaDemocratic
Republic of CongoIraqMali
In refugee and IDP camps
CambodiaChad
EthiopiaMauritania
AfghanistanAngola
Democratic Republic of Congo
IraqMali
Nigeria Palestine
Afghanistan–TajikistanEcuador–Peru
Thailand–MyanmarTurkey–Syria
Colombia
Across borders In indigenous reserves
Target Areas
Women and girlsPeople living in poverty and lacking viable livelihoods alternatives
Other risk groups in 2019• Peoplelivinginhumanitarianandemergencysettings:
provision of risk education in response to landmine/ERW accidents,flashfloods,orarmedconflict.
• Provisionofriskeducationtohumanitarianaidstaff.• Personwithdisabilities:riskeducationintegratedwith
victim assistance projects; risk education materials using braille,signlanguageorsubtitles.
Men
Migrants and itinerant workers
IDPs, refugees, and returnees
Mass and digital media
Notes:ERW=explosiveremnantsofwar;andIDP=internallydisplacedpeople.StatesnotpartytotheMineBanTreatyareindicatedinitalics.
SomaliaSouth Sudan
ThailandYemen
NigeriaPalestineSomalia
South SudanUkraine
NigerSenegalSri Lanka
Sudan
Community volunteers or networksMaintains risk education in hard-to-reach areas and is providedbytrustedcommunitymembers.
Integrated into the humanitarian and protection sectorsCombinesriskeducationwithotherhumanitarianandstabilizationactivities.
Integrated into survey and clearance activitiesSupports community understanding of clearance activities andreportingofordnance.
Partnership with the national police or emergency servicesSupports national police and emergency services to provide safetymessagesandadvice.
School-basedImplementedintooroutsideoftheformalcurriculum.
• Oftenprovidedbyspecializedliaisonteams.• Distributionofsmallandprintedmaterials,suchas leafletsandposters.
• Mixedgenderteamstoensurethatallageandgendergroupsinthepopulationareadequatelyreached.
• Provisionthroughinteractivemeans,suchasmobile cinema,puppetshows,andtheatre.
Challenges in face-to-face delivery include: poor road infrastructure, lack of trust, insecurity and ongoing conflict, and wide range of languages and dialects spoken.
Interpersonal
• Deliveryofriskeducationusingmassmedia,suchas billboards,radio,andTV.
• Increasinginterestintheuseofdigitalmediaandmobileapplications,particularlyinremoteandchallengingcontexts.
Challenges in the use of mass and digital media include: limited communication infrastructure, lack of mobile networks, and limited access to and use of social media.
Pastoral and nomadic communities
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@MineMonitor
• Growingupincontaminatedareas.• Lackofknowledgeofthewaranditslegacy.• Rolesthattakethemintocontaminatedareas.• Pronetopickingupandplayingwithitems.
• Primaryriskgroupwithregardtoantipersonnelmines.• Livelihoodrolesandresponsibilitiesputthematrisk, suchas:animalherding,farming,fishing,orhunting.
• Lesslikelytoengageinunsafebehaviorsortotravelasfarfromthehomeasmen.
• Canpromotesaferbehavioramongmen,children,andpeers.• Insomecontextswomenarehardertoreachfor riskeducation.
• Lackoffamiliaritywiththeareastheymovethrough.• Returningtofamiliarareasthathavebeencontaminated.• Jobscarcityandlivelihoodinsecuritymayforcethemto engageinintentionalrisk-takingactivities.
• Enteringandworkinginunfamiliarareas.• Crossingborders,oftenatinformalcrossingpoints.• Driversareparticularlyatriskduetothecontaminationonroadsanduseofshort-cuts.
• Transitacrosslargeareasofland,includingcontaminatedareas,lookingforgrazingandwaterfortheircattle.
• Povertyforcespeopletoknowinglyaccesscontaminatedareas.• Increaseddemandforlandmaypushpoorerhouseholdsintocontaminatedareas.
ThailandZimbabwe
Risk Education, the Mine Ban Treaty, and the Oslo Action Plan 2019 Facts and Figures
TheMine BanTreaty requires States Parties to“provide an immediate and effectivewarning to the population” in relation to all areas under its jurisdiction or control in which antipersonnelmines are known or suspected to be emplaced. However, despite being a core pillar of mine action, risk education has often been considered as one elementofbroaderclearanceactivities,andasaresulthasoftennotreceivedadequateattentionorresources. In2019therewasanincreasedfocusonriskeducationduetothedramaticriseincasualties,particularlyintheMiddleEast.Recognizingtheimportanceofthismineactionpillar,theOsloActionPlan,adoptedinNovember2019,includes adedicatedsectionwithfiveconcreteactionpointsonriskeducationandriskreduction.
Other Risk Education Developments in 2019-2020
t TheestablishmentoftheExplosiveOrdnanceRiskEducation(EORE)AdvisoryGrouptoprovideoverallguidancetothesectorandtoidentifywaystoimprovetheintegration,effectiveness,efficiency,andrelevanceofriskeducation.
t TheupdateoftheInternationalMineActionStandards(IMAS)12.10onriskeducation.ThestandardswereapprovedbytheIMASreviewboardduringthefinalquarterof2020.
t Theconductofanumberofstudiestoprovidemodelsandmethodologicalguidancetothesector.ThisincludedastudyonthenewtechnologiesandmethodologiesforEORE.
t Theinstigationofin-depthdiscussionsandinformationsharingonCOVID-19andriskeducationmessagingthroughtheInternationalMineRiskEducationWorkingGroup(iMREWG)hostedbytheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF).
t ThethematicreportingonriskeducationbytheLandmineMonitorforthefirsttimesince2008.
t 28StatesPartiestotheMineBanTreatywereknowntohaveprovidedriskeducation to populations affected by antipersonnel mine contamination andotherexplosiveremnantsofwar(ERW).
t 15StatesPartiesreportedhavingriskeducationincludedwithintheirmineactionstrategyorasaseparatestrategyorworkplan.
t 18StatesPartieshadorweredevelopinganationalstandardon riskeducation.
t 22 States Parties had national institutions or mechanisms in place for coordinatingriskeducation.
t 20ofthe28mine-affectedStatesPartiesthatsubmittedanArticle7 transparencyreportfor2019reportedonriskeducation.However,theextentofdetailwasvaried.
t Cambodia, Chad, Ethiopia, Tajikistan, and Yemen all included risk education withintheirArticle5clearancedeadlineextensionrequests.OnlyEritreaandArgentinadidnot.
t 17donorsreportedspecificriskeducationfundingin2019andcontributedUS$13.3million.Thisrepresentsanincreasefrom2018when12donorscontributedacombinedtotalof$9.3million.
KEYRiskeducationcoordinationmechanismsinplaceatnationallevel.Riskeducationnationalstandardinplaceorindevelopment.Riskeducationstrategyorworkplaninplaceorindevelopment.
Cross-Border Risk Education
Incertaincontexts,riskeducationneedstoworkacrosscountries to ensure that populations living in or transiting through mine- contaminated border areas are informed of therisks.
AfghanistanAngolaBosnia and HerzegovinaCambodiaChadColombiaCroatiaDemocratic Republic of CongoEcuadorEthiopiaIraqMaliMauritaniaNigerNigeriaPalestinePeruSenegalSomaliaSouth SudanSri LankaSudanTajikistanThailandTurkeyUkraineYemenZimbabwe
TheSwissFoundationforMineAction(FSD)provides risk education to communities in the Panji valley in Afghanistan, accessing the areafromacrosstheborderinTajikistan.
OntheThailand-Myanmarborder,Humanity&Inclusion(HI)isthesoleriskeducationoperator in the nine camps in Thailand for refugeesfromMyanmar.
EcuadorandPeruworktogethertoproviderisk education activities on their shared border.
DanishRefugeeCouncil(DRC)/Danish DeminingGroup(DDG)providedrisk education to Syrian refugees in Turkey to ensureawarenessofcontaminationand safer behavior in Turkey and also for those returningtoSyria.