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Rivers RevisionRiver Erosion and resulting landformsThe 4 main processes of river erosion are hydraulic power, attrition, corrasion and corrosion.Most river erosion takes place in the upper course of the river Features formed by river erosion are waterfalls and gorges and v shaped valleys, found in theupper course.

Processes of river transport Materials are transported by 4 main processes traction, saltation, solution and suspensions.

River deposition and resulting landformsMost deposition takes place in the lower courseFeatures formed by deposition include flood plains, deltas, and levees.Meanders and ox bow lakes are formed as a result of both erosion and depositionThe valley cross section changes to a broad ! shape in the lower course"verall the long profile of a river is smooth and concave with a steep gradient at the source which

decreases to almost nil near the river mouth.Key words and definitions#rosion Transportation $eposition% T

& '

& '

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Landforms#rosion $eposition #rosion and $eposition

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(iver )asins(ivers begin in upland areas and flow downhill, becoming wider and deeper until they enter thesea. *t is subdivided into + sections The upper course The middle course The lower course

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$

#

F

Tributary Confluence Mouth Watershed 'ource Drainage basin

/ where two rivers meet

/ the area drained by a river and its tributaries

/ where a river flows into the sea

/ where the river begins

/ a smaller river which flows into a larger river

/ the imaginary line surrounding a drainage basin

The upper course of a river

A

B

C

E

F

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Waterfalls

0rite a paragraph to explain how waterfalls are formed ..

The middle course of a river &s the river flows downstream the gradient becomes less steep. 'ideways erosion becomes moreimportant than vertical erosion and the river starts to meander. 'ome of the rivers energy is alsoused to transport material downstream.

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eanders

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0rite a paragraph to explain how meanders are formed .

The lower course of a river &s the river gets nearer the sea deposition becomes the most important process, encouraged by/ & large load carried by the river1 &ny obstruction e.g. lake1 &ny fall in the volume or loss in thevelocity

Features of the channel in lower course0ide, $eep, 2ined with sand and mud, *slands of silt, -arries large load of alluvium

Feature of the valley in the lower course0ide flat flood plain! Levees found on river banks1 "# $ow la%es and meander scars!A line of river cliffs found at the edge of flood plain.

"x )ow 2akes

Make sure you canlabel the featureshighlighted in black ontothe flood plain diagram .

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!sing the above boxes use and label diagrams to show the formation of an ox bow lake. !se theboxes to give a brief explanation.

0rite a few sentences to explain how flood plains are formed ..

Levees&

#xplain the formation of a 2evee ..

$escribe the physical features of a $elta ..

Floodin'Flooding is a normal occurrence in the lower course of a river. *t occurs when the river overflowsits banks and leaves the channel. (iver flooding helps to form several river features/ Flood plains,ox bow lakes and levees.Causes of floodin'(Natural:2ong continuous rainfall-loud burst in thunderstorm(apid melting snow and iceHuman /#xpanding urban areas$eforestation"ccasional disasters e.g dam burst

)ame your case study***